WO2019127121A1 - Procédé de préparation d'humus à base de graphite - Google Patents

Procédé de préparation d'humus à base de graphite Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019127121A1
WO2019127121A1 PCT/CN2017/119072 CN2017119072W WO2019127121A1 WO 2019127121 A1 WO2019127121 A1 WO 2019127121A1 CN 2017119072 W CN2017119072 W CN 2017119072W WO 2019127121 A1 WO2019127121 A1 WO 2019127121A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
humus
graphite
slurry
raw material
humification
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PCT/CN2017/119072
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李铁才
张世凡
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深圳市大富科技股份有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2017/119072 priority Critical patent/WO2019127121A1/fr
Priority to CN201780036350.5A priority patent/CN109415277A/zh
Publication of WO2019127121A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019127121A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
    • C05F11/02—Other organic fertilisers from peat, brown coal, and similar vegetable deposits
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of humic preparation, and in particular to a method for preparing a humus based on graphite.
  • Natural graphite is a mixture of long-term changes and depositions of organic organisms with the earth's crust changes hundreds of millions of years ago. The refined graphite products are widely used. At the same time, the production of graphite scrap slurry produced by processing natural graphite is also very large and is not fully utilized. This is because the graphite scrap slurry has a low content of graphite, and the recycling process is complicated and costly; directly discharging it and discharging it causes serious waste of resources.
  • the technical problem mainly solved by the present application is to provide a graphite-based humus preparation method, which can solve the problem of resource waste caused by insufficient utilization of the graphite waste slurry in the prior art.
  • one technical solution adopted in the present application is to provide a graphite-based humus preparation method.
  • the humus raw material being a raw material capable of undergoing humification reaction to form humus
  • the humus raw material and the graphite scrap slurry are mixed and subjected to a humification reaction in accordance with the requirements of the humification reaction to obtain the humus.
  • the graphite scrap slurry is a slurry of graphite processed waste.
  • the method comprises:
  • the graphite scrap slurry is concentrated into a semi-dry graphite scrap slurry.
  • the humus raw material is a comminuted raw material after pulverization.
  • the humus raw material is one or more of plant fiber powder, animal residue powder, animal waste, industrial waste or domestic garbage; and the plant fiber powder has a particle diameter of 5-50 micrometers.
  • the humus raw material and the graphite waste slurry are mixed and subjected to humification reaction, including:
  • the humus raw material and the graphite scrap slurry are mixed according to the requirements of the humification reaction, and the microorganism is added to carry out the humification reaction.
  • the microorganism is a composite microorganism combination;
  • the composite microorganism combination comprises a flora that promotes humification of the humus material;
  • the composite microorganism combination comprises a filamentous fungus, a fiber-decomposing bacterium, and a yeast.
  • the humus raw materials are different types of straw raw materials; according to different users' requirements for the humus, the different types of straw raw materials adopt different composite microbial combinations and different graphite waste slurry for humification reaction.
  • the humus is a humus slurry or a humus dry powder.
  • the humus raw material and the graphite waste slurry are mixed and subjected to humification reaction to obtain the humus, including:
  • the mixture after the humification reaction is processed into the humus slurry according to the requirements of the humus slurry, or the mixture after the humification reaction is concentrated to obtain the humus dry powder.
  • the mass fraction of nitrogen element in the graphite scrap slurry is 0.25% to 2.1%.
  • the mass fraction of phosphorus in the graphite scrap slurry is 0.6% to 3.3%.
  • the mass fraction of potassium element in the graphite scrap slurry is 0.04% to 1%.
  • the mass fraction of magnesium in the graphite scrap slurry is 0.05% to 1%.
  • the beneficial effects of the present application are: different from the prior art, the present application can recycle the graphite waste slurry produced by processing the graphite, thereby avoiding waste of resources; meanwhile, the graphite waste slurry can be combined with the humus The raw materials are combined to prepare humus at a lower cost, which is beneficial to the promotion and application of the humus.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for preparing a graphite-based humus according to the present invention
  • step S200 of FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of step S200 of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for preparing a graphite-based humus according to the present invention, the method comprising:
  • humus raw material refers to a raw material capable of undergoing humification reaction to form humus.
  • the humus raw material is one or more of plant fiber powder, animal residue powder, animal waste, industrial waste or domestic garbage; the plant fiber powder is powder after crushing straw, soybean meal or cotton aphid;
  • the animal waste includes one or more of pig manure, cow dung, chicken manure or horse manure; the animal remains are discarded animal bones, fur, corpses, etc.;
  • the industrial waste includes distiller's grains, vinegar grains One or more of cassava residue, sugar residue or furfural residue; the domestic garbage includes kitchen waste such as swill water.
  • the humus raw material may be an unpulverized humus raw material or a pulverized humus raw material.
  • the pulverized humus raw material can be sufficiently contacted with other raw materials for preparing humus to increase the reaction rate.
  • the pulverized humus raw material includes one or more of animal excrement, industrial waste or domestic garbage, it is necessary to remove animal waste, industrial waste or domestic garbage by drying or drying.
  • the water is pulverized.
  • the humus feedstock is a comminuted humus feedstock.
  • the humus raw material is a plant fiber powder; the plant fiber powder is a powder after straw pulverization; the straw is a part of the stem and leaf remaining after the plant is picked, and is usually treated by incineration, which not only pollutes the environment but also wastes resources.
  • the straw is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and organic matter, and is a multi-purpose renewable biological resource.
  • the waste of resources is avoided, and at the same time, the low-cost straw as the humus raw material can further reduce the cost of the prepared humus, and is beneficial to the promotion and application of the humus.
  • the straw comprises the remainder of wheat, rice, corn, potato, oil, cotton, sugar cane, and other crops after harvesting the seed; the straw comprises corn stover, sorghum straw, wheat straw, straw, rice At least one of shell, bean straw, cotton stalk, wood chips, and branches.
  • the selection of the straw type mainly considers the local material and reduces the cost. For example, for the northern region, wheat, corn, and potatoes can be selected for the remainder after harvesting seeds, or corn stover, sorghum straw, wheat straw, bean straw, cotton stalks, and the like. In the south, rice, oilseeds, sugar cane and other crops can be selected for the remainder of the harvest. Of course, other raw materials that can cause humification to form humus, such as wood chips and branches, can also be selected according to actual conditions.
  • the plant fiber powder has a particle diameter of 5 to 50 ⁇ m. Reducing the particle size of the plant fiber powder enables it to be brought into fuller contact with other raw materials for preparing humus, thereby increasing the reaction rate.
  • pulverizing plant fibers such as straw into plant fiber powder having too small a particle size not only increases the performance requirements for the pulverizing equipment, but also the plant fiber powder having a too small particle size is likely to float in the air, making the production process inconvenient. Therefore, the plant fiber powder has a particle diameter of 5 to 50 ⁇ m, for example, 5 ⁇ m, 10 ⁇ m, 20 ⁇ m, 35 ⁇ m or 48 ⁇ m.
  • the particle size of the suitable plant fiber powder can be comprehensively selected according to the actual needs of the humus preparation process and the performance of the current pulverizing equipment.
  • the graphite waste slurry is a slurry of graphite processed waste.
  • the graphite processing process usually extracts graphite elemental material, and the natural graphite contains a large amount of nutrients and trace elements suitable for biological growth accumulated in the formation process, and the graphite waste remains.
  • the nutrient and the trace elements are complete in a suitable ratio and can play a role in the preparation of the humification reaction of the humus.
  • the nutrient in the graphite waste slurry can be used as the humus raw material.
  • the supplement is beneficial to reduce the amount of the humus raw material and further reduce the cost.
  • the trace elements in the graphite waste slurry can promote the metabolism and growth of microorganisms.
  • the humification reaction is a process of colloidal substances formed by microbial decomposition of organic substances, and the main types thereof are humic acid and fulvic acid.
  • Humus has moderate cohesiveness, which can loosen the clay and bind the sand. It is a good cement for forming agglomerate structure.
  • the humification reaction of organic matter and the formation of humus are divided into two stages.
  • the humus raw material is decomposed into various simple compounds under the action of microorganisms, which is the original material constituting the main component of humus;
  • the second stage For the synthesis stage, the raw material is formed into a complex cyclic compound of different molecular weight by polymerization, that is, the humus.
  • the humification reaction process plays a leading role by microorganisms, and the trace elements in the graphite waste slurry can catalyze the humification reaction by promoting the metabolic process of the strain, thereby obtaining higher reaction efficiency. .
  • the graphite scrap slurry has a wide range of uses.
  • the graphite scrap slurry has a wide range of sources, which can be used for preparing refractory waste graphite scrap slurry, preparing conductive material waste graphite scrap slurry, and preparing lubricating material waste graphite waste.
  • the composition of the graphite waste slurry also differs depending on the nature of the materials to be prepared and the preparation process. According to different humus requirements or standards, graphite scrap slurry of corresponding source can be used to prepare corresponding humus that meets certain requirements or standards.
  • the graphite scrap slurry refers to a graphite scrap slurry prepared by preparing a graphite electrode.
  • the graphite scrap slurry has a graphite content of less than 95%. Since the graphite scrap slurry has a low graphite content, recycling the graphite therein for recycling requires a complicated recovery and purification process, and the cost is also high.
  • the use of the graphite waste slurry having a low graphite content for preparing humus not only recycles the graphite waste slurry but also is convenient to operate. Further, before the humus raw material and the graphite waste slurry are mixed and subjected to a fermentation reaction according to the requirement of humic fermentation, the method comprises: concentrating the graphite waste slurry having a graphite content of less than 95% into a semi-dry graphite waste. Slurry.
  • Part of the moisture in the graphite scrap slurry can be removed by heating evaporation or the like to increase the content of nutrients and trace elements in the graphite scrap slurry, which is advantageous for obtaining a better fermentation effect. Additionally, concentrating the graphite waste slurry into a semi-dry graphite waste slurry facilitates transportation and use of the graphite waste slurry. Further, the graphite waste slurry concentration process may be performed at any time after the production of the graphite waste slurry, before the mixing of the humus raw material and the graphite waste slurry.
  • the graphite waste slurry contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient elements and trace elements such as calcium and magnesium, which are beneficial to the metabolism of microorganisms during fermentation, improve fermentation efficiency, and remain in the prepared fertilizer. In the process of plant growth and absorption, to improve fertilizer efficiency.
  • the graphite waste slurry used may have a water content of 45% to 85%, for example, 45%, 55%, 65%, 75%, 85%, and the like.
  • the dry material of the graphite waste slurry contains nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sulfur, magnesium, sodium, manganese, iron, and other nutrients required for the growth of crops.
  • nitrogen is 0.25% to 2.1%
  • phosphorus is 0.6% to 3.3%
  • potassium is 0.04% to 1%.
  • the humus raw material and the graphite waste slurry are mixed and subjected to a humification reaction, and the method for obtaining humus comprises: the organic fertilizer raw material and the graphite waste according to a requirement of a humification reaction
  • the slurry is mixed and a predetermined amount of microorganisms are added for humification reaction.
  • a pH adjuster may be appropriately added to adjust the pH to 6.2 to 8.5, specifically, 6.2, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5, etc., followed by fermentation reaction. .
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of step S200 in FIG. 1, the method includes:
  • the process of the humification reaction comprises:
  • the first microorganism includes yeast and fibrolytic bacteria, and the yeast is Pichia.
  • the fiber-decomposing bacteria include Bacillus brevis, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus.
  • the first microorganism is mainly used to decompose the humus material into various simple compounds, that is, a raw material constituting a main component of humus.
  • the humus raw material may be a mixture of one or more of a composite plant fiber powder, such as corn stalk, sorghum straw, wheat straw, straw, rice husk, and bean straw, and the mass fraction of different fiber powders.
  • the humus raw material may be animal residue powder, animal waste, or the like; the humus raw material may also be a mixture of composite plant fiber powder and animal residue powder, animal waste, and the like.
  • the graphite scrap slurry may be a semi-dry graphite scrap slurry or the graphite scrap slurry that has not been concentrated.
  • the water is added to ensure that the humification reaction process is carried out in an environment close to the solution, and the contact area between the humification raw materials is increased, which is favorable for the improvement of the humification reaction efficiency.
  • the humification reaction process needs to be carried out in a continuous manner, and an additive for promoting the continuous reaction of the microorganisms is added to slow down the inhibition of the growth of the microorganisms in the humification reaction process to ensure production efficiency and product quality. Stable.
  • the combination of microorganisms and humification raw materials has a significant effect on the efficiency of the humification reaction. That is, for different types of straw raw materials, different microorganisms and different graphite waste slurry are needed for fermentation reaction, and a better humification reaction effect can be obtained.
  • the humus raw material used includes corn stover, sorghum straw, wheat straw
  • the microorganism includes Pichia pastoris and Bacillus subtilis
  • the graphite scrap slurry is added in an amount of 10-30 parts, for example, 10 parts.
  • the humus raw material used comprises composite plant fiber powder and animal residue powder
  • the microorganism comprises Pichia pastoris, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and the graphite waste slurry
  • the amount added is 40-80 parts, for example, 40 parts, 60 parts or 80 parts.
  • the fermentation reaction temperature may be 35 ° C, 45 ° C or 60 ° C, etc., since the humification reaction process is an exothermic process, the temperature of the humification reaction is not too high, and the selection of 35-65 ° C can increase the humification reaction rate. .
  • the higher the humification reaction temperature the shorter the humification reaction time. For example, reaction at 35 ° C for 10 days, reaction at 45 ° C for 9 days, fermentation at 60 ° C for 8 days, and the like.
  • the humus raw material mixture needs to be stirred every 8-16 hours, for example, 8 hours, 12 hours or 16 hours, on the one hand, the microorganisms and the humus which have not undergone humification reaction.
  • the raw materials are sufficiently contacted to increase the efficiency of the humification reaction process; on the other hand, the temperature of the first humus raw material can be made uniform, and the local temperature is too high to avoid a decrease in reaction efficiency.
  • an additive such as a strain growth promoter or a strain antibiotic agent may be added to the humus raw material to obtain a better conversion rate.
  • the second microorganism includes yeast, filamentous fungus, lactococcus and fibrinolytic bacteria, and in the second microorganism, the yeast is 25-35 parts by mass, and the filamentous fungus is 30-40 parts by mass, the lactic acid bacteria
  • the fiber-decomposing bacteria is 10-15 parts by mass for 10-20 parts by mass.
  • the yeast is Pichia
  • the filamentous fungus is Trichoderma viride
  • the fibrinolytic bacteria include Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus.
  • the second microorganism has a large number of microorganisms, because the second microorganism is mainly used to form the complex cyclic compound of different molecular weight by polymerization to further synthesize the humus;
  • the humus feedstock that is not completely converted in the first humification reaction is further converted to increase the utilization of the humus feedstock.
  • the second humification reaction is carried out in a closed environment, and the gas product of the second humification reaction can be used to increase the pressure of the reaction system, thereby promoting the formation of a complex ring of different molecular weights by polymerization. a compound that further increases the yield of humus.
  • an appropriate amount of urea, phosphate rock or plant ash may be added to the second humification reaction system to promote the metabolism of the second microorganism, and the conversion rate of the second humification reaction is increased.
  • the second humification reaction product is subjected to filtration or dried granulation to obtain the humus. Specifically, the second humification reaction product is filtered to obtain a humus slurry, the humus slurry is granulated, and the obtained granules are dried to obtain the humus dry powder. According to different needs, the second humification reaction product is made into humus in different states.
  • the humus slurry can be directly applied to the soil and is convenient to use.
  • the humus dry powder is convenient for long-distance transportation and long-term storage, and can add other raw materials as needed to obtain better effects.
  • Example 1 Example 2
  • Example 3 Organic matter (wt%) ⁇ 45 48 51 69 61
  • Table 1 is a comparison table of graphite-based humic properties prepared by the present invention.
  • the organic matter and total nutrients are measured by a drying base, the moisture is measured by fresh samples, and the humus is used as a kind of organic fertilizer, and the detection standard and the detection method thereof can be See NY525-2012 Organic Fertilizer Standard.
  • the humus prepared by the method of the present invention conforms to the NY525-2012 organic fertilizer standard and can be put into use. Meanwhile, in the process of Examples 1-3, the amount of the graphite waste slurry added is increased, the amount of microorganisms added is decreased, but the total organic matter and total nutrient content of the prepared humus are increased, indicating that the graphite waste slurry can be combined with The humic materials are combined to catalyze the humification reaction.
  • the total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, aphid egg mortality and heavy metal content of the humus prepared by the invention are all tested to meet the NY525-2012 organic fertilizer standard.
  • Table 3 is a graphite-based humus yield table prepared by the present invention. It can be seen from the contents of Table 1-2 and the examples that the raw material cost and time cost of the example 1 and the blank example are similar, but the humus prepared by the two is similar. Different yields, it can be clearly seen that the yield of humus in Comparative Example 1 is 1.11 times that in the blank case, that is, in the case of the same access, adding an appropriate amount of graphite fertilizer slurry to the fermentation raw material can increase the yield by 11%. Effectively increasing the output value is beneficial to further reducing the price per unit weight of the humus and promoting its promotion and application.
  • the present application discloses a method for preparing a humus based on graphite, the method comprising: providing a humus raw material and a graphite waste slurry respectively, wherein the humus raw material refers to a raw material capable of humification reaction to form humus a material; mixing the humus raw material and the graphite scrap slurry according to a humification reaction and performing a humification reaction to obtain the humus.
  • the present application can recycle the graphite waste slurry produced by processing the graphite, thereby avoiding waste of resources; at the same time, the graphite waste slurry can be combined with the humus raw material to prepare humus at a lower cost. Conducive to the promotion and application of the humus.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de préparation d'un humus à base de graphite, le procédé comprenant : la fourniture de manière respective d'une matière première humus et d'une suspension de déchet de graphite, la matière première humus désignant une matière première susceptible d'effectuer une réaction d'humification pour générer de l'humus; et le mélange de la matière première humus et de la suspension de déchet de graphite et la réalisation d'une réaction d'humification selon les exigences de la réaction d'humification pour obtenir l'humus. À l'aide dudit procédé, la présente demande peut recycler la suspension de déchet de graphite produite en transformant le graphite, évitant ainsi le gaspillage de ressources. En outre, la suspension de déchet de graphite peut être malaxée avec la matière première humus pour préparer l'humus à un coût moindre, ce qui est bénéfique pour la promotion et l'application de l'humus.
PCT/CN2017/119072 2017-12-27 2017-12-27 Procédé de préparation d'humus à base de graphite WO2019127121A1 (fr)

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PCT/CN2017/119072 WO2019127121A1 (fr) 2017-12-27 2017-12-27 Procédé de préparation d'humus à base de graphite
CN201780036350.5A CN109415277A (zh) 2017-12-27 2017-12-27 一种基于石墨的腐殖质的制备方法

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CN114032701A (zh) * 2021-11-29 2022-02-11 广东省汇林包装科技集团有限公司 一种秸秆半纸浆化原料的制备方法及其应用
CN115007625B (zh) * 2022-08-09 2022-10-28 长春欣瑞德新材料科技开发有限公司 秸秆腐殖处理方法

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CN107500853A (zh) * 2017-08-10 2017-12-22 阜阳富瑞雪化工科技有限公司 腐植酸肥料用并具肥料增效功能的防结块剂及其制备方法

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CN102816002A (zh) * 2012-07-19 2012-12-12 甘朝生 纳米碳生物菌肥在糖心苹果培育上的应用及其制备方法
RU2013120807A (ru) * 2013-04-29 2014-11-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Аква Полюс" Способ получения органического удобрения
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