WO2019124386A1 - 硬化膜形成組成物、配向材および位相差材 - Google Patents
硬化膜形成組成物、配向材および位相差材 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019124386A1 WO2019124386A1 PCT/JP2018/046595 JP2018046595W WO2019124386A1 WO 2019124386 A1 WO2019124386 A1 WO 2019124386A1 JP 2018046595 W JP2018046595 W JP 2018046595W WO 2019124386 A1 WO2019124386 A1 WO 2019124386A1
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- 0 Cc1ccc(C=CC(O)O*)cc1 Chemical compound Cc1ccc(C=CC(O)O*)cc1 0.000 description 4
- NBOPKMJDJQMMOE-FMIVXFBMSA-N CC(CC(OCCCCCCOc1ccc(/C=C/C(OC)=O)cc1)=O)=O Chemical compound CC(CC(OCCCCCCOc1ccc(/C=C/C(OC)=O)cc1)=O)=O NBOPKMJDJQMMOE-FMIVXFBMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SEEYREPSKCQBBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN(C(C=C1)=O)C1=O Chemical compound CN(C(C=C1)=O)C1=O SEEYREPSKCQBBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/26—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen
- C08F220/28—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing no aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety
- C08F220/283—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing no aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety and containing one or more carboxylic moiety in the chain, e.g. acetoacetoxyethyl(meth)acrylate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
- C08L101/02—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. terminal or pendant functional groups
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cured film-forming composition, an alignment material, and a retardation material that form a cured film for aligning liquid crystal molecules.
- the present invention is useful for producing a patterned retardation material used in a 3D display of a circularly polarized glasses system, and a retardation material used in a circularly polarizing plate used as an antireflection film of an organic EL display.
- the present invention relates to a cured film-forming composition, an alignment material, and a retardation material.
- a retardation material is usually disposed on a display element such as a liquid crystal panel that forms an image.
- a display element such as a liquid crystal panel that forms an image.
- a plurality of two types of retardation regions having different retardation characteristics are regularly arranged, and constitute a patterned retardation material.
- a retardation material patterned so as to dispose a plurality of retardation regions having different retardation characteristics as described above will be referred to as a patterned retardation material.
- the patterned retardation material can be produced, for example, by optically patterning a retardation material composed of a polymerizable liquid crystal as disclosed in Patent Document 1.
- the optical patterning of the retardation material made of a polymerizable liquid crystal utilizes a photoalignment technique known for forming an alignment material of a liquid crystal panel. That is, a coating film made of a photoalignable material is provided on a substrate, and two types of polarized light having different polarization directions are irradiated to this. Then, a photo alignment film is obtained as an alignment material in which two types of liquid crystal alignment regions having different alignment control directions of liquid crystals are formed.
- a solution-like retardation material containing a polymerizable liquid crystal is coated on the photoalignment film to realize the alignment of the polymerizable liquid crystal. Thereafter, the oriented polymerizable liquid crystal is cured to form a patterned retardation material.
- the anti-reflection film of the organic EL display is composed of a linear polarizer and a quarter-wave retarder, and the extraneous light directed to the panel surface of the image display panel is converted into linearly polarized light by the linear polarizer, and the subsequent quarter-wave The light is converted to circularly polarized light by a retardation plate.
- the extraneous light by this circularly polarized light is reflected by the surface of the image display panel or the like, the rotational direction of the polarization plane is reversed at the time of this reflection.
- the reflected light is converted by the 1 ⁇ 4 wavelength retardation plate into linearly polarized light in the direction to be blocked by the linear polarization plate and then blocked by the subsequent linear polarization plate, contrary to the time of arrival.
- outgoing radiation to the outside is significantly suppressed.
- Patent Document 2 describes that this optical film has reverse dispersion characteristics by constituting a quarter-wave retarder by combining a half-wave plate and a quarter-wave plate.
- a method of configuring by In this method it is possible to construct an optical film with reverse dispersion characteristics using a liquid crystal material with positive dispersion characteristics in a wide wavelength band for displaying a color image.
- Patent Documents 3 and 4 As a liquid crystal material applicable to this retardation layer, one having an inverse dispersion characteristic has been proposed (Patent Documents 3 and 4). According to the liquid crystal material having such an inverse dispersion characteristic, instead of forming a 1 ⁇ 4 wavelength retardation plate by combining 2 layers of a 1 ⁇ 2 wavelength plate and a 1 ⁇ 4 wavelength plate, it is possible to use a retardation layer Can be secured by a single layer to ensure reverse dispersion characteristics, whereby an optical film capable of securing a desired retardation in a wide wavelength band can be realized with a simple configuration.
- An alignment layer is used to align the liquid crystal.
- a method of forming an alignment layer for example, a rubbing method or a photo-alignment method is known, and the photo-alignment method is capable of quantitative control of alignment processing without generating static electricity and dust which are problems of the rubbing method.
- an acrylic resin, a polyimide resin, etc. which have photodimerization sites, such as a cinnamoyl group and a chalcone group, in a side chain as an available photoalignment property material are known. It has been reported that these resins exhibit the ability to control the alignment of liquid crystals (hereinafter also referred to as liquid crystal alignment) by irradiating polarized UV light (see Patent Documents 5 to 7).
- the alignment layer is also required to have solvent resistance.
- the alignment layer may be exposed to heat or a solvent in the process of producing the retardation material. When the low solvent resistance alignment layer is exposed to the solvent, the liquid crystal alignment ability may be significantly reduced.
- a step of forming a liquid crystal alignment film is one of the processes that require the highest temperature to produce a retardation material, and a reduction in temperature of the film formation process of the liquid crystal alignment film is required.
- JP 2005-49865 A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-68816 U.S. Pat. No. 8,119,026 JP, 2009-179563, A Patent No. 3611342 JP, 2009-058584, A Japanese Patent Publication No. 2001-517719 Patent No. 4207430 gazette International Publication No. 2010/150748
- the object of the present invention is made based on the above findings and examination results. That is, the object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal alignment for photo alignment which can form an alignment film having excellent solvent resistance and capable of aligning a polymerizable liquid crystal with high sensitivity under relatively low temperature and short time conditions. Providing the agent.
- the inventors of the present invention conducted intensive studies to achieve the above object, and as a result, a cured film-forming material based on a cured film-forming composition containing a component having a Michael donor site and a component having a Michael acceptor site. It was found that, by selecting, a cured film having excellent solvent resistance and capable of orienting a polymerizable liquid crystal with high sensitivity can be formed under conditions of relatively low temperature and short time, and completed the present invention .
- the present invention relates to a cured film-forming composition, wherein at least one of the component (A) and the component (B) contains a liquid crystal aligning group.
- a second aspect relates to the cured film-forming composition according to the first aspect, wherein the component (A) and the component (B) are the same compound containing a Michael donor site, a Michael acceptor site and a liquid crystal aligning group.
- a component (A) As a third point, As a component (A), it has one Michael donor site, a low molecular weight compound (A1) having a liquid crystal alignment group, and two or more Michael donor sites, and does not contain or contain a liquid crystal alignment group At least one selected from compound (A2), As a component (B), it has one Michael acceptor site, a low molecular weight compound (B1) having a liquid crystal alignment group, and two or more Michael acceptor sites and does not contain a liquid crystal alignment group or Containing at least one selected from the compound (B2) to be contained,
- the component (A2) and the component (B2) may be low molecular weight compounds or high molecular weight compounds,
- the present invention relates to a cured film-forming composition described in the first aspect or the second aspect.
- a fourth aspect relates to the cured film-forming composition according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the Michael donor moiety of the component (A) is an active methylene group or an active methine group.
- the present invention relates to the cured film-forming composition as described in any one of the first aspect to the fourth aspect, which further comprises (C) a Michael addition reaction catalyst.
- the present invention relates to the cured film forming composition according to any one of the first aspect to the fifth aspect, in which the Michael acceptor site is an acrylic group.
- the curing according to any one of the first to sixth aspects which comprises 1 part by mass to 2,000 parts by mass of the component (B) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the component (A). It relates to a film forming composition.
- any one of the fifth aspect to the seventh aspect containing 0.01 parts by mass to 20 parts by mass of the component (C) with respect to a total of 100 parts by mass of the components (A) and (B)
- the present invention relates to a cured film-forming composition according to one item.
- the present invention relates to, as a ninth aspect, a cured film obtained using the cured film-forming composition according to any one of the first to eighth aspects.
- the present invention relates to, as a tenth aspect, an alignment material obtained using the cured film forming composition as described in any one of the first aspect to the eighth aspect.
- the present invention relates to, as an eleventh aspect, a retardation material formed using the alignment material described in the tenth aspect.
- the present invention can provide a curable film-forming composition that can be formed by According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an alignment material excellent in liquid crystal alignment property and light transmittance, and a retardation material capable of high-accuracy optical patterning.
- the cured film-forming composition of the present invention comprises a component containing one or more structures selected from the group consisting of a Michael donor site, a Michael acceptor site, and a liquid crystal aligning group, and as a whole component It is a cured film formation composition which contains the said 3 types of structures as essential.
- the component (A) contains a compound containing a Michael donor site
- the component (B) contains a compound containing a Michael acceptor site
- at least one of the component (A) and the component (B) is It is a cured film formation composition containing a liquid crystal aligning group.
- the component (A) and the component (B) may be the same compound including a Michael donor site, a Michael acceptor site, and a liquid crystal aligning group.
- the cured film-forming composition of the present invention has, as the component (A), a single Michael donor site, a low molecular weight compound (A1) having a liquid crystal alignment group, and two or more Michael donor sites, At least one selected from compounds (A2) not containing or containing a liquid crystal aligning group, and a low molecular weight compound (B1) having one Michael acceptor site and a liquid crystal aligning group as the component (B) And at least one selected from compounds (B2) which have two or more Michael acceptor sites and do not contain or contain a liquid crystal aligning group, and at this time, the (A2) component and the (B2) component Can be an embodiment which may be a low molecular weight compound or a high molecular weight compound.
- the “low molecular weight compound” can be a compound other than the “high molecular weight compound (polymer)”, that is, a compound other than the compound having a repeating unit formed (by polymerization) in the compound.
- ⁇ Michael donor site> As a Michael donor site
- the active methylene group is a methylene group (—CH 2 —) having a carbonyl group at an adjacent position and having reactivity with a nucleophile.
- the active methine group has a structure in which one hydrogen atom of a methylene group (-CH 2- ) in the active methylene group is substituted with an alkyl group, and has reactivity with a nucleophile.
- a group represented by the following formula (a1) is more preferable.
- R represents an alkyl group, an alkoxy group or a phenyl group, and the broken line represents a bond.
- examples of the alkyl group represented by R include an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is preferable.
- an alkyl group for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an i-propyl group and the like can be mentioned. Among them, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group and the like are preferable.
- examples of the alkoxy group represented by R include an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is preferable.
- examples of such an alkoxy group include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-propoxy group, an i-propoxy group, an n-butoxy group, an i-butoxy group, an s-butoxy group and a t-butoxy group.
- methoxy, ethoxy and n-propoxy are preferable.
- Another method is a method of reacting tert-butyl acyl acetate with a low molecular weight compound or polymer having a hydroxy group. This method is known.
- R a methyl group is preferable in consideration of the availability, the orientation and the like.
- a compound having two or more Michael donor sites (component (A2) described later) can be obtained as a polymer.
- the monomer having a Michael donor site include 2-acetoacetoxyethyl acrylate (ethylene glycol monoacetoacetate monoacrylate), 2-acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate (ethylene glycol monoacetoacetate monomethacrylate), and the like.
- (meth) acrylic group indicates both an acrylic group and a methacrylic group.
- Method for introducing (meth) acrylic group As a method of introducing a (meth) acrylic group into each component, a method of reacting (meth) acrylic acid with a component having an epoxy group by a known method can be mentioned. In addition, there is also a method in which a compound component having a (meth) acrylic group and an isocyanate group is reacted by a known method with a copolymer obtained using a monomer having a hydroxyalkyl group such as hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate. .
- a method of introducing a maleimide group into each component a method of reacting N- (4-carboxyphenyl) maleimide or N- (4-hydroxyphenyl) maleimide with a component having an epoxy group by a known method can be mentioned.
- Another example is a method in which N- (4-hydroxyphenyl) maleimide is reacted with a component having an isocyanate group by a known method.
- Liquid crystal alignment group As a liquid crystal aligning group used by this invention contained in at least one of (A) component and (B) component, a vertical alignment group and a photoalignment group are mentioned.
- the photoalignable group indicates a functional group (also referred to as a photodimerization site or a photoisomerization site) that photodimerizes or photoisomerizes.
- part is a site
- a cinnamoyl group, chalcone group, coumarin group, anthracene group etc. are mentioned as the specific example. Among these, cinnamoyl groups having high transparency in the visible light region and photodimerization reactivity are preferable.
- part is a site
- X 11 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a phenyl group or a biphenyl group.
- the phenyl group and the biphenyl group may be substituted by any of a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group and a cyano group.
- X 12 represents a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group or a cyclohexyl group.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, the phenyl group, the biphenyl group, and the cyclohexyl group may be bonded to the benzene ring through a single bond, an ether bond, an ester bond, an amide bond, or a urea bond.
- a method of introducing a group (Michael donor site) represented by ⁇ formula (a1) in a compound having a photoalignable group and a hydroxy group Method of introducing a Michael donor site by the method described in>, method of using an acrylic monomer having a photoalignable group as it is or copolymerizing it, cinnamic acid derivative having a carboxyl group in a component having an epoxy group (photoalignment And the like, and a method of reacting a compound having a functional group (cinnamoyl group) and a carboxyl group, and the like.
- the compound having a photoalignable group and a hydroxy group is represented by any one of the following formulas [A1] to [A5].
- a 1 and A 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- X 1 is selected from a single bond, an ether bond, an ester bond, an amide bond, a urethane bond, an amino bond or a combination thereof
- X 2 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group or a cyclohexyl group.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, the phenyl group, the biphenyl group and the cyclohexyl group may be bonded to the benzene ring through a covalent bond, an ether bond, an ester bond, an amide bond or a urea bond.
- X 3 represents a hydroxy group, a mercapto group, an amino group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkylthio group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkylamino group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a phenoxy group, a phenylthio group, phenyl It represents an amino group, a biphenylamino group, a phenyl group or a biphenyl group.
- Each X 4 independently represents a single bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a divalent aromatic ring group, or a divalent aliphatic ring group.
- the alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms may be branched or linear.
- X represents a single bond, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
- a hydrogen atom on a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a phenylene group and a biphenylene group is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, It may be substituted by one or more substituents identical or different selected from trifluoromethyl group and cyano group.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or 1 carbon atom To 4 represent an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, a trifluoromethyl group or a cyano group.
- the compound having a photoalignable group and a hydroxy group are, for example, 4- (8-hydroxyoctyloxy) cinnamic acid methyl ester, 4- (6-hydroxyhexyloxy) cinnamic acid methyl ester, 4- (4-hydroxybutyloxy) cinnamic acid methyl ester, 4- (3-hydroxypropyloxy) cinnamic acid methyl ester, 4- (2-hydroxyethyloxy) cinnamic acid methyl ester, 4-hydroxymethyloxycinnamic acid Acid methyl ester, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid methyl ester, 4- (8-hydroxyoctyloxy) cinnamic acid ethyl ester, 4- (6-hydroxyhexyloxy) cinnamic acid ethyl ester, 4- (4-hydroxybutyl) Oxy) cinnamic acid ethyl ester, 4- (3-hydroxypropyloxy Cinnamic acid eth, 4-
- each of A 11 and A 12 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- R 11 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, C 1 to C 6 alkyl, C 1 to C 6 haloalkyl, C 1 to C 6 alkoxy, C 1 to C 6 haloalkoxy, C 3 to C 8 cycloalkyl, C 3 to C 8 halocycloalkyl, C 2 ⁇ C 6 alkenyl, C 2 ⁇ C 6 haloalkenyl, C 3 ⁇ C 8 cycloalkenyl, C 3 ⁇ C 8 halocycloalkyl cycloalkenyl, C 2 ⁇ C 6 alkynyl, C 2 ⁇ C 6 halo Alkynyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 haloalkoxy, (C 1 -C 6
- Preferred examples of the compound represented by the above formula (1) include, for example, the following formulas (1-1) to (1-5) (In the above formula, R 11 are each the above formula (1) is the same meaning as R 11 in.) Can be exemplified represented by each compound such.
- Preferred examples of the compound in which R 11 is a group represented by formula (c-2) in the compound represented by the above formula (1) include, for example, the following formulas M1-1 to M1-5. (Wherein, M 1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, s 1 represents the number of methylene groups, and is a natural number of 2 to 9)
- the compound represented by the said Formula (1) can be synthesize
- part the monomer which has a cinnamoyl group, a chalcone group, a coumarin group, or an anthracene group etc. is mentioned, for example.
- monomers having a cinnamoyl group having good transparency in the visible light region and photodimerization reactivity are particularly preferable.
- a monomer having a cinnamoyl group having a structure represented by the above Formula [1] or Formula [2] is more preferable.
- the specific example of such a monomer is shown to following formula [3] or Formula [4].
- X 11 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a phenyl group or a biphenyl group.
- the phenyl group and the biphenyl group may be substituted by any of a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group and a cyano group.
- X 12 represents a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group or a cyclohexyl group.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, the phenyl group, the biphenyl group and the cyclohexyl group may be bonded to the benzene ring through a single bond, an ether bond, an ester bond, an amide bond or a urea bond.
- X 13 and X 15 each independently represent a single bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a divalent aromatic ring group, or a divalent aliphatic ring Represents a group.
- the alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms may be branched or linear, and may be substituted with a hydroxy group, and at least one selected from an ether bond, an ester bond, an amide bond, a urea bond and a urethane bond It may be interrupted by the combination of X 14 and X 16 represent a polymerizable group.
- Specific examples of the polymerizable group include, for example, an acryloyl group, a methacryloyl group, a styrene group, a maleimide group, an acrylamide group and a methacrylamide group.
- the compounds having a photoalignment group and a hydroxy group, and the monomers having a photoalignment group are known, and they are disclosed in JP-A-62-284350, US Pat. It can manufacture according to the method as described in 9-118717 gazette, US Patent 6,107,427 specification etc.
- part it is obtained by making the cinnamic acid derivative represented by said Formula (1-1) thru
- the compounds are also suitably used.
- the vertical alignment group is not particularly limited, but is preferably a group containing a hydrocarbon group having about 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and specifically, a group represented by Formula (2) is preferable. is there.
- Y 1 is a single bond or -O-, -CH 2 O-, -COO-, -OCO-, -NHCO-, -NH-CO-O- and -NH-CO-NH
- Y 2 represents a single bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, or a —CH 2 —CH (OH) —CH 2 — group, or a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring or a hetero ring
- Y represents a divalent cyclic group selected from rings, and any hydrogen atom on the cyclic group may be substituted with Z
- Y 3 represents a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms
- Y 4 represents a single bond
- Examples of the above-mentioned alkylene group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms include divalent groups in which one hydrogen atom is removed from the alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms among the alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms described later. Specific examples thereof include methylene group, ethylene group, propylene group, trimethylene group, tetramethylene group, pentamethylene group, hexamethylene group, heptamethylene group, octamethylene group and the like.
- heterocyclic ring examples include pyrrole ring, imidazole ring, oxazole ring, thiazole ring, pyrazole ring, pyridine ring, pyrimidine ring, quinoline ring, pyrazoline ring, isoquinoline ring, carbazole ring, purine ring, thiadiazole ring, pyridazine ring, And pyrazoline ring, triazine ring, pyrazolidine ring, triazole ring, pyrazine ring, benzimidazole ring, cinnoline ring, phenanthroline ring, indole ring, quinoxaline ring, benzothiazole ring, phenothiazine ring, oxadiazole ring, acridine ring, etc.
- alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms examples include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, cyclopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group and cyclobutyl group 1-methylcyclopropyl group, 2-methylcyclopropyl group, n-pentyl group, 1-methyl-n-butyl group, 2-methyl-n-butyl group, 3-methyl-n-butyl group, 1, 1 -Dimethyl-n-propyl group, 1,2-dimethyl-n-propyl group, 2,2-dimethyl-n-propyl group, 1-ethyl-n-propyl group, cyclopentyl group, 1-methylcyclobutyl group, 2 -Methylcyclobutyl group, 3-methylcyclobutyl group, 1,2-dimethylcyclopropyl group, 2,3-d
- fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms examples include groups in which at least one hydrogen atom in the alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms is substituted with a fluorine atom, and a specific example thereof is a fluoromethyl group , Difluoromethyl group, trifluoromethyl group, pentafluoroethyl group, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, heptafluoropropyl group, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl group, 2,2, 3,3-tetrafluoropropyl group, 2,2,2-trifluoro-1- (trifluoromethyl) ethyl group, nonafluorobutyl group, 4,4,4-trifluorobutyl group, undecafluoropentyl group, 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoropentyl group, 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl group, Lide
- fluorinated alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms include groups in which an oxygen atom (—O—) is bonded to the above-mentioned fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and specific examples thereof include Fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, pentafluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, heptafluoropropoxy, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropoxy, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy group, 2,2,2-trifluoro-1- (trifluoromethyl) ethoxy group, nonafluorobutoxy group, 4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy group, undeca Fluoropentyloxy group, 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoropentyloxy group, 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5- Ctafluoropentyloxy group, tridecafluorohexyloxy
- Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the above Z include ones having 1 to 3 carbon atoms among the groups exemplified for the above 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and those having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- the alkoxy group is one having 1 to 3 carbon atoms among the groups exemplified as the above-mentioned alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms (a group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms among the groups exemplified as the above-mentioned carbon atom having 1 to 18) And those having an oxygen atom (-O-) bonded thereto.
- Examples of the fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms include the groups exemplified for the above-mentioned fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms. Those having 1 to 3 carbon atoms can be mentioned, and examples of the fluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 3 carbon atoms include 1 to 18 carbon atoms among the groups exemplified as the above-mentioned fluorinated alkoxy groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms. There are three.
- the total number of carbon atoms of the substituent represented by Y 2 to Y 6 is 6 to 30, preferably 6 to 20.
- the vertical alignment group is preferably a group containing an alkyl group having 7 to 18 carbon atoms, and particularly 8 to 15 carbon atoms.
- a hydrocarbon group having about 6 to 20 carbon atoms can be mentioned.
- the C6-C20 hydrocarbon group includes a linear, branched or cyclic C6-C20 alkyl group or a C6-C20 hydrocarbon group containing an aromatic group. .
- Y 1 , Y 2 and Y 4 are a single bond
- Y 3 is a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (preferably having 1 to 15 carbon atoms)
- m is
- Y 6 is an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms
- Y 3 and Y 6 are alkyl groups having 6 to 20 carbon atoms in total (a-1 Is preferable, an alkyl group having 7 to 18 carbon atoms in total is more preferable, and an alkyl group having 8 to 15 carbon atoms in total is even more preferable.
- Such vertical alignment group (a-1) include n-nonadecyl and n- in addition to the alkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms exemplified for the alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms described above. Eicosinyl group etc. are mentioned.
- Y 1 to Y 4 above are a single bond
- m is 2 or 3
- Y 5 is a benzene ring or a cyclohexane ring.
- a vertical alignment group (a-2) in which Y 6 is an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms can also be suitably used.
- Specific examples of such vertical alignment group (a-2) include groups represented by the following (a-2-1) to (a-2-6), but are not limited thereto Absent. (Wherein, Y 6 has the same meaning as Y 6 in the formula (2).)
- ⁇ Method of introducing vertical orientation group> introduction of a group (Michael donor site) represented by the above ⁇ formula (a1) to a compound having a vertical alignment group and a hydroxy group Method>
- a method of introducing a Michael donor site by the method described in ⁇ Method> an acrylic monomer having a vertical alignment group is used as it is, or a method of copolymerizing it, a carboxyl group is bonded to the vertical alignment group to a component having an epoxy group
- the method of making a compound react etc. are mentioned.
- a vertical alignment group is introduced into the polymer using a (meth) acrylic monomer having a vertical alignment group represented by the above formula (2), the vertical alignment side chain has the following formula (2 ′) It is indicated by). (Wherein, Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , Y 6 and m have the same meanings as the respective groups in formula (2))
- the low molecular weight compound (A2) may be a low molecular weight compound having two or more hydroxy groups, the above-mentioned ⁇ formula (a1) ⁇ Method for Introducing a Group (Michael Donor Site) Represented by the following>
- the compound obtained by introducing a Michael donor site by the method described in>, a multifunctional thiol, a diamine and the like can be mentioned.
- dihydric alcohol having two alcoholic hydroxy groups include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, butanediol , Pentanediol, hexanediol, heptanediol, nonanediol, neopentyl glycol, cyclohexanediol, cyclohexanedimethanol, dioxane glycol, N-methyldiethanolamine, N-ethyldiethanolamine, N-butyldiethanolamine, N-tert-butyldiethanolamine, N -Lauryl diethanolamine, stearyl diethanolamine, N-fe Le diethanolamine, m- tolyl diethanolamine, p
- trihydric alcohols having three alcoholic hydroxy groups include trimethylol ethane, trimethylol propane, glycerin, tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate, hexanetriol, octanetriol, decanetriol, triethanolamine, Triisopropanolamine etc. are mentioned.
- tetrahydric alcohols having four alcoholic hydroxyl groups include ditrimethylolethane, ditrimethylolpropane, diglycerin, pentaerythritol and the like.
- these polyhydric alcohols can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a polyfunctional thiol compound can be obtained as an addition reaction product of a polyhydric alcohol and a monofunctional and / or polyfunctional thiol compound.
- Specific compounds include 1,3,5-tris (3-mercaptopropionyloxyethyl) -isocyanurate, 1,3,5-tris (3-mercaptobutyryloxyethyl) -isocyanurate (Showa Denko KK ), Trifunctional thiol compounds such as Karenz MT (registered trademark) NR1), trimethylolpropane tris (3-mercaptopropionate), etc .; pentaerythritol tetrakis (3-mercaptopropionate), pentaerythritol tetrakis (3-mercapto) Butyrate (manufactured by Showa Denko K. K., Karenz MT (registered trademark) PEI) and the like; tetrafunctional thiol compounds
- alicyclic diamines include 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, 1,3-diaminocyclohexane, 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dimethyldicyclohexylamine, isophorone Diamine etc. are mentioned.
- aromatic diamines examples include o-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine, 2,4-diaminotoluene, 2,5-diaminotoluene, 3,5-diaminotoluene, 1,4-diamino -2-methoxybenzene, 2,5-diamino-p-xylene and 1,3-diamino-4-chlorobenzene and the like.
- aromatic-aliphatic diamines include 3-aminobenzylamine, 4-aminobenzylamine, 3-amino-N-methylbenzylamine, 4-amino-N-methylbenzylamine, 3-aminophenethylamine, 4-aminophenethylamine Aminophenethylamine, 3-amino-N-methylphenethylamine, 4-amino-N-methylphenethylamine, 3- (3-aminopropyl) aniline, 4- (3-aminopropyl) aniline, 3- (3-methylaminopropyl) Aniline, 4- (3-methylaminopropyl) aniline, 3- (4-aminobutyl) aniline, 4- (4-aminobutyl) aniline, 3- (4-methylaminobutyl) aniline, 4- (4-methyl) Aminobutyl) aniline, 3- (5-aminopentyl) aniline, 4- (5-aminopentyl) Aniline, 3- (5-
- aliphatic diamines examples include 1,2-diaminoethane, 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,4-diaminobutane, 1,5-diaminopentane, 1,6-diaminohexane, 1,7-diaminoheptane 1,8-diaminooctane, 1,9-diaminononane, 1,10-diaminodecane, 1,3-diamino-2,2-dimethylpropane, 1,6-diamino-2,5-dimethylhexane, 1,7 Diamino-2,5-dimethylheptane, 1,7-diamino-4,4-dimethylheptane, 1,7-diamino-3-methylheptane, 1,9-diamino-5-methylheptane and the like.
- the polymer (A2) includes the precursors of the polymer (A2) and the polymer (B2) described below, Polymer, etc. obtained by introducing a Michael donor site by the method described in the method for introducing a group (Michael donor site) represented by the formula (a1).
- the liquid crystal alignment according to the above-mentioned method can be applied to precursors of the polymer (A2) and the polymer (B2) described later.
- the above-mentioned monomer having a liquid crystal aligning group is copolymerized, and then the Michael donor site is introduced by the above method do it.
- ⁇ (B1) low molecular weight compound having one Michael acceptor site and liquid crystal alignment group As a low molecular weight compound (B1) having one Michael acceptor site and a liquid crystal aligning group, an ester obtained by using the compound having a photoalignment group and a hydroxy group described above and (meth) acrylic acid chloride, The ester etc. which are obtained using the compound which has said perpendicular
- Examples of the low molecular weight compound (B2) include polyfunctional (meth) acrylates and bismaleimides.
- Multifunctional urethane (meth) acrylate compound having 3 or more (meth) acryloyl groups Urethane (meth) acrylate having three trifunctional (three (meth) acryloyl groups) (meth) acrylate
- NK oligo UA -7100 polyfunctional urethane (meth) acrylate compound having three (meth) acryloyl groups
- Urethane (meth) acrylate having 4 tetrafunctional (meth) acryloyl groups (meth) acrylate A specific example of a commercially available polyfunctional urethane (meth) acrylate compound having 4 (meth) acryloyl groups is EBECRYL (registered Trademarks: 8210, 8405, KRM (registered trademark) 8528 [all of which are manufactured by Daicel Ornex Co., Ltd.];
- acrylates for example, urethane compounds of pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate and hexamethylene diisocyanate, urethane compounds of pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate and toluene diisocyanate, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate and isophorone diisocyanate And urethane compounds of dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate and hexamethylene diisocyanate.
- urethane (meth) acrylate having 5 or more functional groups commercially available products can be suitably used.
- UA-306H, UA-306T, UA-306I, UA-510H [all of which are manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.]
- EBECRYL (Registered trademark) 220, 1290, 5129, 8254, 8301 R, KRM (registered trademark) 8200, 8200 AE, 8904, 8452 [all of which are manufactured by Daicel Ornex Co., Ltd.]
- Compound having three trifunctional (three (meth) acryloyl groups) compounds having three (meth) acryloyl groups include 1,1,1-trimethylolethane tri (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri ( Examples include meta) acrylates, ditrimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylates, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylates, and glycerin tri (meth) acrylates.
- the compound having three (meth) acryloyl groups commercially available products can be suitably used.
- Biscoat # 295, # 300 [all in all, manufactured by Osaka Organic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.]; light acrylate TMP-A, Same PE-3A, light ester TMP [all, all from Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.]; NK ester A-9300, same A-9300-1CL, same A-TMM-3, same A-TMM-3L, same A -TMM-3LM-N, A-TMPT, the same TMPT [all of which are from Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.]; PETIA, PETRA, TMPTA, EBECRYL (registered trademark) 180 [all of which are Daicel Ornex ( And the like.
- a commercial item can be suitably used for the compound which has four said (meth) acryloyl groups, For example, biscoat # 300 [Osaka organic chemical industry Co., Ltd. product]; Light acrylate PE-4A [Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd. product]; NK ester AD-TMP, A-TMMT [all of which are from Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.]; EBECRYL (registered trademark) 140, 1142 and 180 [all of which are Daicel Ornex Co., Ltd.] Etc.
- the compound which has 5 or more of the said (meth) acryloyl groups can use a commercial item suitably, for example, biscoat # 802 [Osaka organic chemical industry Co., Ltd. product]; Light acrylate DPE-6A [Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd. product] NK ester A-9550, A-DPH [all of which are manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.]; DPHA [manufactured by Daicel Ornex Co., Ltd.] and the like.
- the bismaleimide compound used as the component (B2) in the present invention is represented by the following formula (3).
- R 33 represents an organic group selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic group, an aliphatic group containing a cyclic structure and an aromatic group or an organic group consisting of a combination of plural organic groups selected from the group .
- R 33 may contain a bond such as an ester bond, an ether bond, an amide bond, a urethane bond and the like.
- a bismaleimide compound for example, N, N'-3,3-diphenylmethane bismaleimide, N, N '-(3,3-diethyl-5,5-dimethyl) -4,4-diphenyl-methane Bismaleimide, N, N'-4,4-diphenylmethane bismaleimide, 3,3-diphenylsulfone bismaleimide, 4,4-diphenylsulfone bismaleimide, N, N'-p-benzophenonebismaleimide, N, N'- Diphenylethane bismaleimide, N, N'-diphenylether bismaleimide, N, N '-(methylenedi-ditetrahydrophenyl) bismaleimide, N, N'-(3-ethyl) -4,4-diphenylmethane bismaleimide, N, N '-(3,3-dimethyl) -4,4-diphenylmethane bismaleimide,
- the polymer (B2) is a polymer having a side chain in which at least one end is a polymerizable unsaturated bond in the molecule.
- Molecular compounds and the like can be mentioned.
- a polymer compound having a side chain whose end is a polymerizable unsaturated bond a polymer compound having a (meth) acryloyl group preferably in two or more side chains in the molecule is mentioned.
- polymer compounds containing (meth) acryloyl groups such as urethane acrylics, epoxy acrylics, various (meth) acrylates, etc., particularly polyfunctional compounds containing three or more of the (meth) acryloyl groups.
- a high molecular compound etc. are mentioned.
- the polymer compound having a (meth) acryloyl group which is the above preferable example, and for example, Acrit 8KX-077, 8KX-078, 8KX-089, 8KX-127, 8KX-128, 8KX-012C, 8KX- 014C, 8KX-018C, 8KX-052C, 8KQ-2001, 8BR-600, 8UH-1006, 8UH-1012 [all of which are Taisei Fine Chemical] SMP-220A, SMP-250A, SMP-360A, SMP-550A (all of which are manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.) and the like.
- polymers having a Michael acceptor site introduced can be mentioned.
- liquid crystal alignment is performed by the method described above to the precursor of the polymer (A2) and the polymer (B2) described later.
- the monomer having the above-mentioned liquid crystal aligning group is copolymerized in introducing the functional group or preparing the precursor of the polymer (A2) and the polymer (B2), and then the Michael acceptor site is obtained by the above-mentioned method You can introduce
- ⁇ Precursor of Polymer (A2) and Polymer (B2)> When introducing a side chain (specific side chain) having a liquid crystal alignment group or Michael addition reaction site into a polymer, a specific functional group which is easily reactive with each other is disposed (or relative to a specific compound), and these are reacted By doing this, specific side chains can be generated.
- a preferable combination of a specific functional group and a combination of a specific functional group and a specific compound are: carboxyl group and epoxy group, hydroxy group and isocyanate group, phenolic hydroxy group and epoxy group, carboxyl group And an isocyanate group, an amino group and an isocyanate group, a hydroxy group and an acid chloride and the like. More specific preferred examples include carboxyl group and glycidyl (meth) acrylate, and hydroxy group and isocyanate ethyl (meth) acrylate.
- the above-mentioned polymer having a specific functional group (also referred to as a specific copolymer) is a copolymer obtained by polymerizing a monomer having a functional group (specific functional group) for reacting with a specific compound as an essential component. Its number average molecular weight is 2,000 to 25,000.
- the monomer having the specific functional group to be used may be used alone or in combination as long as the specific functional group does not react during the polymerization.
- the specific example of the monomer which has a specific functional group is given to the following, it is not limited to these.
- Examples of the monomer having a carboxyl group include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, mono- (2- (acryloyloxy) ethyl) phthalate, mono- (2- (methacryloyloxy) ethyl) phthalate, N- (carboxyphenyl) And maleimide, N- (carboxyphenyl) methacrylamide, N- (carboxyphenyl) acrylamide and the like.
- Examples of the monomer having a phenolic hydroxy group include hydroxystyrene, N- (hydroxyphenyl) acrylamide, N- (hydroxyphenyl) methacrylamide, N- (hydroxyphenyl) maleimide and the like.
- a monomer having a hydroxy group other than a phenolic hydroxy group for example, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl Examples include methacrylate, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl acrylate, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl methacrylate, diethylene glycol monoacrylate, diethylene glycol monomethacrylate and the like.
- Examples of the monomer having an amino group having active hydrogen include 2-aminoethyl acrylate, 2-aminomethyl methacrylate and the like.
- Examples of the monomer having an epoxy group include glycidyl methacrylate, glycidyl acrylate, 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl acrylate, 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl methacrylate, allyl glycidyl ether, 3-ethenyl-7-oxabicyclo [4.1. .0] Heptane, 1,2-epoxy-5-hexene, 1,7-octadiene monoepoxide, etc. may be mentioned.
- Examples of the monomer having an isocyanate group include acryloyl ethyl isocyanate, methacryloyl ethyl isocyanate, and m-tetramethyl xylene isocyanate.
- acrylic acid ester compounds include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl acrylate, diethylene glycol monoacrylate, caprolactone 2- ( Acryloyloxy) ethyl ester, poly (ethylene glycol) ethyl ether acrylate, 5-acryloyloxy-6-hydroxynorbornene-2-carboxylic 6-lactone, acrylic acid, mono- (2- (acryloyloxy) ethyl) phthalate, Glycidyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, naphthyl acrylate, anthryl acrylate, anthryl methyl Acrylate, phenyl acrylate, glycidyl acrylate, 2,2,2-
- methacrylic acid ester compounds examples include methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl methacrylate, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl methacrylate, diethylene glycol monomethacrylate, caprolactone 2- ( Methacryloyloxy) ethyl ester, 5-methacryloyloxy-6-hydroxynorbornene-2-carboxylic 6-lactone, glycidyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, naphthyl methacrylate, anthryl methacrylate, anthryl methyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, glycidyl Methacrylate, 2,2,2-triful Roethyl methacrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, isobornyl meth
- Examples of the acrylamide compound include acrylamide, methacrylamide, N- (carboxyphenyl) methacrylamide, N- (carboxyphenyl) acrylamide, N- (hydroxyphenyl) methacrylamide, N- (hydroxyphenyl) acrylamide, N-hydroxy Examples thereof include methyl (meth) acrylamide, N-methoxymethyl (meth) acrylamide, N-ethoxymethyl (meth) acrylamide, and N-butoxymethyl (meth) acrylamide.
- (meth) acrylamide means both acrylamide and methacrylamide.
- vinyl compound examples include methyl vinyl ether, benzyl vinyl ether, vinyl naphthalene, vinyl carbazole, allyl glycidyl ether, 3-ethenyl-7-oxabicyclo [4.1.0] heptane, 1,2-epoxy-5-hexene And 1,7-octadiene monoepoxide and the like.
- styrene compound examples include styrene, methylstyrene, chlorostyrene, bromostyrene and the like.
- maleimide compound examples include maleimide, N-methyl maleimide, N-phenyl maleimide, N- (hydroxyphenyl) maleimide, N- (hydroxyphenyl) maleimide, N- (carboxyphenyl) maleimide, and N-cyclohexyl maleimide. Can be mentioned.
- the amount of each monomer used to obtain a specific copolymer is 25 to 90 based on the total amount of all the monomers.
- Monomer having mole% of liquid crystal alignment group or monomer having a group for introducing it monomer having 10 to 75 mole% of Michael addition reaction site (Michael donor site, Michael acceptor site) or introduce it It is preferable that it is a monomer having a group of 0 to 65 mol% of another monomer having no specific functional group.
- a monomer having 25 to 100 mol% of a liquid crystal aligning group and a Michael addition reaction site, or a monomer having no specific functional group of 0 to 75 mol% is preferable.
- the amount of each monomer used to obtain the specific copolymer is 5 to 100 based on the total amount of all the monomers. It is preferable that it is a monomer having a mol% Michael addition reaction site or a monomer having a group for introducing the same, or another monomer having no specific functional group of 0 to 95 mol%.
- the method of obtaining the specific copolymer used in the present invention is not particularly limited, for example, in a solvent in which a monomer having a specific functional group, another monomer optionally having no specific functional group, and a polymerization initiator etc. And at a temperature of 50 to 110.degree. C. by polymerization reaction.
- the solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves a monomer having a specific functional group, a monomer optionally having a specific functional group to be used, a polymerization initiator and the like.
- the specific copolymer obtained by the above method is usually in the form of a solution dissolved in a solvent.
- the solution of the specific copolymer obtained by the above method is added to diethyl ether or water under stirring to be reprecipitated, and after the formed precipitate is filtered and washed, under normal pressure or reduced pressure, It can be dried at room temperature or dried by heating to form a powder of the specific copolymer.
- the polymerization initiator and the unreacted monomer coexisting with the specific copolymer can be removed, and as a result, a powder of the purified specific copolymer is obtained. If sufficient purification can not be performed by one operation, the obtained powder may be redissolved in a solvent and the above operation may be repeated.
- the specific copolymer may be used in the form of powder or in the form of a solution in which the purified powder is redissolved in a solvent described later.
- the acrylic copolymer used as component (A2) or component (B2) of the present invention may be, for example, a copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of 3,000 to 200,000, and for example, 4,000 to 150, It can be a 000 copolymer, and can be a 5,000 to 100,000 copolymer. If the weight average molecular weight of the copolymer is more than 200,000 and excessive, the solubility in the solvent may decrease and the handling property may decrease, and the weight average molecular weight is less than 3,000 and too small. If it is present, curing may be insufficient at the time of heat curing, and solvent resistance and heat resistance may be reduced.
- polymers other than the above which have two or more hydroxy groups can be used.
- polyether polyol which is a preferable example of the polymer which has two or more hydroxy groups
- propylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol etc. are added to polyhydric alcohols, such as polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, propylene glycol and bisphenol A, triethylene glycol and sorbitol.
- polyhydric alcohols such as polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, propylene glycol and bisphenol A, triethylene glycol and sorbitol.
- polyether polyol include Adeka Polyether P series, G series, EDP series, BPX series, FC series, CM series manufactured by ADEKA Co., Ltd., Uniox (registered trademark) HC-40, manufactured by NOF Corporation.
- polyester polyol which is a preferable example of a polymer having a plurality of hydroxy groups
- polyvalent carboxylic acids such as adipic acid, sebacic acid and isophthalic acid are reacted with diols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol
- diols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol
- the polyester polyol include Polylight (registered trademark) OD-X-286, OD-X-102, OD-X-355, OD-X-2330, OD-X-2330, OD-X-240 manufactured by DIC Corporation.
- polycaprolactone polyol which is a preferable example of a polymer having a plurality of hydroxy groups
- a polyhydric alcohol such as trimethylolpropane or ethylene glycol as an initiator
- Specific examples of the polycaprolactone polyol include Polylight (registered trademark) OD-X-2155, OD-X-640, OD-X-2568, manufactured by DIC Corporation, and Plaxcel (registered trademark) 205, L205AL manufactured by Daicel Corporation. 205U, 208, 210, 212, L212AL, 220, 230, 240, 303, 305, 308, 312, 320, 410 and the like.
- polycarbonate polyol which is a preferable example of a polymer having a plurality of hydroxy groups
- a polyhydric alcohol such as trimethylolpropane or ethylene glycol
- diethyl carbonate, diphenyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate or the like can be mentioned.
- Specific examples of the polycarbonate polyol include Plaxel® CD 205, CD 205 PL, CD 210, CD 220 manufactured by Daicel Co., Ltd., C-590, C-1050, C-2050, C-2090, C-3090 manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd. Etc.
- Preferred examples of the polymer having a plurality of hydroxy groups include hydroxyalkyl celluloses such as hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl alkyl celluloses such as hydroxyethyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and hydroxyethyl ethyl cellulose, cellulose and the like.
- hydroxyalkyl celluloses such as hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose are preferable.
- Preferred examples of the polymer having a plurality of hydroxy groups include cyclodextrins such as ⁇ -cyclodextrin, ⁇ -cyclodextrin and ⁇ -cyclodextrin, methyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, methyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin and methyl- Methylated cyclodextrins such as ⁇ -cyclodextrin, hydroxymethyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, hydroxymethyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, hydroxymethyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, 2-hydroxyethyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, 2-hydroxyethyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, 2-hydroxyethyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, 2-hydroxyethyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, 2-hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, 2-hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, 2-hydrin Droxypropyl- ⁇ -
- urethane modified acrylic polymer which is a preferable example of the polymer which has multiple hydroxyl groups
- product Acrit (trademark) 8 UA-017, 8 UA-239, 8 UA-239 H, 8 UA-140, 8 UA -146, 8UA-585H, 8UA-301, 8UA-318, 8UA-347A, 8UA-347H, 8UA-366 and the like.
- a phenol novolak resin which is a preferable example of a polymer having a plurality of hydroxy groups, for example, a phenol-formaldehyde polycondensate and the like can be mentioned.
- the content of the component (B) is 100 parts by mass of the component (A). And 1 to 2000 parts by mass, for example, 5 to 2000 parts by mass, preferably 15 to 700 parts by mass, or 1 to 400 parts by mass.
- both of the Michael donor site and the Michael acceptor site and, if necessary, a liquid crystal alignment group may be introduced by combining the above-mentioned introduction methods.
- a method for example, when (meth) acrylic acid is reacted with a polymer obtained by copolymerizing a monomer having an active methylene group, a monomer having an epoxy group, and, optionally, a monomer having a liquid crystal aligning group Good.
- the cured film-forming composition of the present invention can further contain, in addition to the components (A) and (B), a Michael addition reaction catalyst for promoting a Michael addition reaction as the component (C). More specifically, the Michael addition reaction catalyst includes, but is not limited to, the basic compounds shown below.
- Examples of the basic compound include hydroxides of alkali metals such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide; alkoxides of alkali metals such as sodium methoxide and potassium ethoxide; tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide, benzyl trimethyl ammonium hydroxide and the like Quaternary ammonium hydroxides; tetrabutyl ammonium carbonate, benzyl trimethyl ammonium carbonate, triethyl monomethyl ammonium 2-ethylhexanoate, quaternary ammonium carbonates such as tetrabutyl ammonium acetate; tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride, benzyl trimethyl Quaternary ammonium fluoride such as ammonium fluoride; tetrabutyl ammonium tetrahydroborate, benzyl tri Quaternary ammonium tetrahydroborates such as til ammonium tetra
- an acidic compound may be added in combination with the Michael addition reaction catalyst for the purpose of enhancing the storage stability upon storage.
- the addition of the acidic compound is effective for enhancing the storage stability, particularly when a strongly basic compound having high catalytic activity is used.
- the acidic compound include low boiling carboxylic acids such as acetic acid, formic acid and propionic acid, and high boiling carboxylic acids such as monochloroacetic acid and octanoic acid.
- quaternary ammonium carbonate quaternary ammonium hydroxide, and tertiary amines are more preferable as the component (C).
- the content of the component (C) in the cured film-forming composition of the present invention is preferably 0.01 parts by mass to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass in total of the components (A) and (B). Part, more preferably 0.1 to 15 parts by mass, and still more preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by mass.
- the content of the component (C) is preferably 0.01 parts by mass or more, sufficient thermosetting and solvent resistance can be imparted. However, if it is more than 20 parts by mass, the storage stability of the composition may be reduced.
- the cured film-forming composition of the present invention is used mainly in the form of a solution dissolved in a solvent.
- the solvent used at that time may be any one as long as it can dissolve the (A) component, the (B) component, and optionally the (C) component, and, if necessary, other additives described later. It is not a thing.
- the solvent include, for example, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, n-pentanol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, Methyl cellosolve acetate, ethyl cellosolve acetate, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol propyl ether, propylene glycol propyl ether acetate, Toluene, xylene, methyl Ethyl ketone, isobutyl methyl ketone, cyclopentanone, ethylene
- a cured film is formed on a resin film using the composition for forming a cured film of the present invention to produce an alignment material, methanol, ethanol, n- or the like from the viewpoint that the resin film is a solvent exhibiting resistance.
- the cured film-forming composition of the present invention comprises a compound having a Michael donor site of the component (A), a compound having a Michael acceptor site of the component (B) and a Michael addition reaction catalyst of the component (C). It is a composition which can contain other additives as long as the effect is not impaired. And, usually, they are used in the form of a solution dissolved in a solvent.
- the preferable example of the cured film formation composition of this invention is as follows. [1]: containing a compound having a Michael donor site of the (A) component and a compound having a Michael acceptor site of the (B) component, and 0 based on a total of 100 parts by mass of the (A) component and the (B) component A cured film-forming composition containing 01 parts by mass to 20 parts by mass of the component (C) and a solvent.
- the compounding ratio in the case of using the cured film formation composition of this invention as a solution, a preparation method, etc. are explained in full detail below.
- the ratio of solid content in the cured film-forming composition of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as each component is uniformly dissolved in the solvent, but is 1% by mass to 60% by mass, and preferably 2
- the content is 50% by mass, more preferably 2% by mass to 20% by mass.
- solid content means what remove
- the method for preparing the cured film-forming composition of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- a preparation method for example, a method of mixing the component (B) and the component (C) in a predetermined ratio with a solution of the component (A) dissolved in a solvent to make a uniform solution, or an appropriate method of this preparation method In the stage, there may be mentioned a method of further adding and mixing other additives as required.
- the solution of the specific copolymer (polymer) obtained by the polymerization reaction in a solvent can be used as it is.
- the component (A) or the component (B) and the component (C) are added to a solution of the polymer of the component (A) or the component (B) to form a uniform solution.
- a solvent may be additionally added for the purpose of adjusting the concentration.
- the solvent used in the process of forming the polymer of the component (A) or the component (B) and the solvent used to adjust the concentration of the cured film-forming composition may be the same or different.
- the solution of the cured film forming composition of the present invention is used as a substrate (for example, a silicon / silicon dioxide coated substrate, a silicon nitride substrate, a substrate coated with a metal such as aluminum, molybdenum or chromium, a glass substrate, a quartz substrate, ITO Substrates, etc.) and film substrates (eg, triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film, polycarbonate (PC) film, cycloolefin polymer (COP) film, cycloolefin copolymer (COC) film, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, acrylic film, polyethylene film Coating film is formed on a resin film such as a film by bar coating, spin coating, flow coating, roll coating, slit coating, slit coating followed by spin coating, inkjet coating, printing, etc. Relieved Dried by heating with a plate or an oven or the like, it is possible to form a resin film such as a film by bar coating, spin
- the conditions for the heating and drying may be such that the crosslinking reaction by the crosslinking agent proceeds to such an extent that the components of the cured film (alignment material) do not elute in the polymerizable liquid crystal solution applied thereon.
- a heating temperature and a heating time appropriately selected from the range of 200 ° C. and 0.4 minutes to 60 minutes are employed.
- the heating temperature and the heating time are preferably 70 ° C. to 160 ° C., for 0.5 minutes to 10 minutes.
- the film thickness of the cured film (alignment material) formed using the curable composition of the present invention is, for example, 0.05 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, and is appropriately determined in consideration of the difference in level of the substrate used and the optical and electrical properties. It can be selected.
- the alignment material formed from the cured film composition of the present invention has solvent resistance and heat resistance, a retardation material such as a polymerizable liquid crystal solution having vertical alignment property is coated on the alignment material. And alignment on the alignment material. Then, by curing the retardation material in the oriented state as it is, the retardation material can be formed as a layer having optical anisotropy. And when the board
- the cured film formation composition of this invention can be used suitably for manufacture of various retardation material (retardation film), a liquid crystal display element, etc.
- TMPI 1,3,5-tris (3-mercaptopropionyloxyethyl) -isocyanurate
- TMBI 1,3,5-Tris (3-mercaptobutyryloxyethyl) -isocyanurate
- DPHA dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate [A-DPH (manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.)] UA: Urethane acrylate [UA-306H (manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.)] SMP: Acrylic group-containing acrylic polymer [SMP-220A (manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.)] ⁇ C component> UCAT: triethyl monomethyl ammonium 2-ethylhexanoate [U-CAT 18X (manufactured by San-Apro Co., Ltd.)] TBAAc: tetrabutylammonium acetate TBAH: tetrabutylammonium hydroxide DBU: 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] -7-undecene ⁇ other components (D component)> PGM-AC: Organosilica sol [PGM-AC: Organosili
- the molecular weight of the acrylic copolymer in the polymerization example is as follows using a room temperature gel permeation chromatography (GPC) apparatus (GPC-101) manufactured by Shodex Corp. and a column (KD-803, KD-805) manufactured by Shodex Corp. And measured.
- the following number average molecular weight (hereinafter referred to as Mn) and weight average molecular weight (hereinafter referred to as Mw) are expressed in terms of polystyrene.
- Synthesis Example 3 Synthesis of CIN4 16.3 g of CIN3 and 9.5 g of acetylmeldrums acid obtained in Synthesis Example 2 were dissolved in 80 mL of 1.4-dioxane and heated at 80 ° C. for 1 hour. The 1.4-dioxane was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain 20.4 g of CIN4.
- Synthesis Example 8 An acrylic copolymer (A2) having an acetoacetyl group in the side chain by dissolving 10.0 g of CIN 2, 2.5 g of EGAMA, and 0.38 g of AIBN as a polymerization catalyst in 115.9 g of PM and reacting at 80 ° C. for 20 hours A solution containing 10% by mass of -2) was obtained. Mn of the obtained acrylic copolymer was 18,000 and Mw was 35,000.
- Synthesis Example 9 15.0 g of CIN 4 and 0.3 g of AIBN as a polymerization catalyst are dissolved in 61.2 g of PM and reacted at 80 ° C. for 20 hours to obtain an acrylic copolymer (A2-3) having an acetoacetyl group in the side chain. A solution containing mass% was obtained. The Mn of the obtained acrylic copolymer was 17,000, and the Mw was 32,000.
- Synthesis Example 10 15.0 g of CIN 6 and 0.3 g of AIBN as a polymerization catalyst are dissolved in 61.2 g of PM and reacted at 80 ° C. for 20 hours to obtain an acrylic copolymer (A2-4) having an acetoacetyl group in the side chain. A solution containing mass% was obtained. The Mn of the obtained acrylic copolymer was 23,000, and the Mw was 40,000.
- Synthesis Example 11 Compound having an acetoacetyl group by dissolving 10.0 g of PLACEL 410 (polycaprolactone tetraol manufactured by Daicel Corporation) and 6.3 g of tert-butyl acetoacetate in 38.1 g of PMA and reacting at 130 ° C. for 10 hours A solution containing 30% by mass of (A2-5) was obtained.
- PLACEL 410 polycaprolactone tetraol manufactured by Daicel Corporation
- Synthesis Example 12 EGAMA 8.0 g, 0.3 g of AIBN as a polymerization catalyst is dissolved in 33.2 g of PM and reacted at 80 ° C. for 20 hours to obtain an acrylic copolymer (A2-6) having an acetoacetyl group in the side chain. A solution containing mass% was obtained. Mn of the obtained acrylic copolymer was 10,000, and Mw was 22,000.
- Synthesis Example 13 An acrylic copolymer (A2) having an acetoacetyl group in the side chain by dissolving 10.0 g of CIN 3 and 4.3 g of EGAMA and 0.4 g of AIBN as a polymerization catalyst in 58.9 g of PM and reacting at 80 ° C. for 20 hours A solution containing 20% by mass of -7) was obtained. The Mn of the obtained acrylic copolymer was 17,000, and the Mw was 32,000.
- Synthesis Example 14 An acrylic having an acetoacetyl group in the side chain by dissolving 10.0 g of CIN 1, 3.3 g of EGAMA, 3.3 g of GMA, and 0.5 g of AIBN as a polymerization catalyst in 68.7 g of PM and reacting at 90 ° C. for 20 hours A copolymer solution was obtained. Then, 2.0 g of acrylic acid, 0.1 g of triphenylethyl phosphonium bromide, and 0.2 g of dibutylhydroxytoluene were added, and reacted at 100 ° C. for 18 hours to introduce an acrylic group into the side chain of the acrylic copolymer.
- an acrylic copolymer (A2-8) having an acetoacetyl group and an acrylic group in the side chain was obtained.
- the Mn of the obtained acrylic copolymer was 23,000, and the Mw was 42,000.
- Example 1 100 mass of a solution containing 10% by mass of the acrylic copolymer (A2-1) obtained in the above Synthesis Example 7 as the component (A-1), converted to an acrylic copolymer (A2-1) (solid content)
- An alignment material-forming composition (A-1) having a solid content concentration of 5.0% by mass was prepared.
- Examples 2 to 25 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 The alignment material-forming compositions A-2 to A-29 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the types and amounts of the respective components were as described in Table 1, respectively ((A) The components (D) are all converted to solid content).
- Example 26 [Evaluation of orientation]
- the alignment material-forming composition A-1 obtained in Example 1 was coated on a TAC film with a wet film thickness of 4 ⁇ m using a bar coater. Heat drying was performed in a heat circulating oven at a temperature of 110 ° C. for 2 minutes to form a cured film on the TAC film. Each cured film was vertically irradiated with 313 nm linearly polarized light with an exposure amount of 20 mJ / cm 2 to form an alignment material.
- a polymerizable liquid crystal solution RMS03-013c manufactured by Merck Ltd.
- the coated film was dried by heating for 2 minutes on a hot plate set at a temperature of 65 ° C., and then exposed at 300 mJ / cm 2 to prepare a retardation material.
- the phase difference material on the manufactured substrate is sandwiched between a pair of polarizing plates, and the expression state of the phase difference characteristic of the phase difference material is observed, and the phase difference is expressed without defects ⁇ , the phase difference is not expressed.
- the thing was described in the column of "orientation" of Table 2 as x.
- Examples 27 to 50 and Comparative Examples 5 to 8 Retardation material was prepared in the same manner as in Example 26 except that the heating temperature and the heating time in the alignment material forming composition and the heat circulating oven were as described in Table 2, respectively, and evaluation of orientation was performed. Did. The evaluation results are summarized in Table 2 later.
- Examples 26 to 50 it was possible to produce a retardation material that exhibits good orientation by firing at a low temperature for a short time.
- Comparative Examples 5 to 8 it was not possible to produce a phase difference material showing a good orientation by firing at a low temperature for a short time.
- the produced retardation material exhibited excellent adhesion, which is also excellent in durability.
- Synthesis Example 17 14.1 g of HA, 7.2 g of EGAMA, and 0.68 g of AIBN as a polymerization catalyst are dissolved in 107.0 g of PM and reacted at 80 ° C. for 16 hours to contain 30 mass% of acrylic copolymer (A2-10) Solution was obtained. Mn of the obtained acrylic copolymer was 13,300 and Mw was 27,800.
- Examples 54 to 57 and Comparative Examples 9 to 10 An alignment material-forming composition A-30 to A-35 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the types and amounts of each component were as described in Table 4 respectively ((A) The components (D) are all converted to solid content).
- Example 58 Evaluation of vertical orientation
- the alignment material-forming composition A-30 obtained in Example 54 was coated on a TAC film with a wet film thickness of 4 ⁇ m using a bar coater. Heating and drying were performed in a heat circulating oven at a temperature of 120 ° C. for 2 minutes to form an alignment material on the TAC film.
- a polymerizable liquid crystal solution RMS03-015 manufactured by Merck Ltd.
- the coated film was dried by heating for 2 minutes on a hot plate set at a temperature of 65 ° C., and then exposed at 300 mJ / cm 2 to prepare a retardation material.
- Examples 59 to 61 and Comparative Examples 11 to 12 A retardation material was produced in the same manner as in Example 58 except that the alignment material-forming composition was as described in Table 5, and the vertical alignment was evaluated. The evaluation results are summarized in Table 5 later.
- Examples 58 to 61 it was possible to produce a retardation material exhibiting good vertical alignment by firing at a low temperature for a short time.
- Comparative Examples 11 to 12 it was not possible to produce a phase difference material showing a good orientation by firing at a low temperature for a short time.
- the cured film-forming composition according to the present invention is very useful as a material for forming an alignment material for forming a liquid crystal alignment film of a liquid crystal display element or an optically anisotropic film provided inside or outside of a liquid crystal display element.
- it is suitable as a material for a retardation material of a circularly polarizing plate used as an antireflective film for IPS-LCDs and organic EL displays.
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Abstract
Description
(A)成分として、マイケルドナー部位を含有する化合物と、
(B)成分として、マイケルアクセプター部位を含有する化合物とを含み、
(A)成分及び(B)成分の少なくとも一方は液晶配向性基を含む、硬化膜形成組成物に関する。
第2観点として、(A)成分と(B)成分が、マイケルドナー部位とマイケルアクセプター部位と液晶配向性基を含む同一の化合物である、第1観点に記載の硬化膜形成組成物に関する。
第3観点として、
(A)成分として、1つのマイケルドナー部位と、液晶配向性基を有する低分子化合物(A1)、及び、2つ以上のマイケルドナー部位を有し、液晶配向性基を非含有の又は含有する化合物(A2)から選ばれる少なくとも一種と、
(B)成分として、1つのマイケルアクセプター部位と、液晶配向性基を有する低分子化合物(B1)、及び、2つ以上のマイケルアクセプター部位を有し、液晶配向性基を非含有の又は含有する化合物(B2)から選ばれる少なくとも一種とを含み、
(A2)成分及び(B2)成分は低分子化合物であっても高分子化合物であってもよい、
第1観点又は第2観点に記載の硬化膜形成組成物に関する。
第4観点として、(A)成分のマイケルドナー部位が、活性メチレン基または活性メチン基である第1観点乃至第3観点のうち何れか一項に記載の硬化膜形成組成物に関する。
第5観点として、(C)マイケル付加反応触媒をさらに含有する第1観点乃至第4観点のうち何れか一項に記載の硬化膜形成組成物に関する。
第6観点として、マイケルアクセプター部位がアクリル基である第1観点乃至第5観点のうち何れか一項に記載の硬化膜形成組成物に関する。
第7観点として、(A)成分の100質量部に対して1質量部~2,000質量部の(B)成分を含有する第1観点乃至第6観点のうち何れか一項に記載の硬化膜形成組成物に関する。
第8観点として、(A)成分及び(B)成分の合計100質量部に対して0.01質量部~20質量部の(C)成分を含有する第5観点乃至第7観点のうち何れか一項に記載の硬化膜形成組成物に関する。
第9観点として、第1観点乃至第8観点のうち何れか一項に記載の硬化膜形成組成物を用いて得られる硬化膜に関する。
第10観点として、第1観点乃至第8観点のうち何れか一項に記載の硬化膜形成組成物を用いて得られる配向材に関する。
第11観点として、第10観点に記載の配向材を使用して形成される位相差材に関する。
本発明によれば、液晶配向性と光透過性に優れた配向材、及び高精度な光学パターニングが可能な位相差材を提供することができる。
本発明の硬化膜形成組成物は、マイケルドナー部位、マイケルアクセプター部位、及び液晶配向性基からなる群から選択される一種又は二種以上の構造を含有する成分を含み、且つ、成分全体として前記三種の構造を必須として含有する硬化膜形成組成物である。
詳細には、(A)成分として、マイケルドナー部位を含有する化合物と、(B)成分として、マイケルアクセプター部位を含有する化合物とを含み、(A)成分及び(B)成分の少なくとも一方は液晶配向性基を含む、硬化膜形成組成物である。前記(A)成分と前記(B)成分は、マイケルドナー部位とマイケルアクセプター部位と液晶配向性基を含む同一の化合物であってもよい。
本発明の硬化膜形成組成物は、上記(A)成分として、1つのマイケルドナー部位と、液晶配向性基を有する低分子化合物(A1)、及び、2つ以上のマイケルドナー部位を有し、液晶配向性基を非含有の又は含有する化合物(A2)から選ばれる少なくとも一種と、上記(B)成分として、1つのマイケルアクセプター部位と、液晶配向性基を有する低分子化合物(B1)、及び、2つ以上のマイケルアクセプター部位を有し、液晶配向性基を非含有の又は含有する化合物(B2)から選ばれる少なくとも一種とを含み、このとき、(A2)成分及び(B2)成分は低分子化合物であっても高分子化合物であってもよい、態様とすることもできる。
そして、本発明の効果を損なわない限りにおいて、その他の添加剤を含有することができる。
なお、上記において「低分子化合物」とは、「高分子化合物(ポリマー)」以外の化合物、すなわち、化合物内に(重合により)形成された繰り返し単位を有する化合物以外の化合物を挙げることができる。
(A)成分にかかるマイケルドナー部位としては、例えば、メルカプト基、アミノ基、活性メチレン基および活性メチン基が挙げられる。
そのようなアルキル基としては、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、i-プロピル基等が挙げられる。
その中でも、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基等が好ましい。
そのようなアルコキシ基としては、例えば、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、n-プロポキシ基、i-プロポキシ基、n-ブトキシ基、i-ブトキシ基、s-ブトキシ基、t-ブトキシ基等が挙げられる。
その中でも、メトキシ基、エトキシ基及びn-プロポキシ基等が好ましい。
式(a1)で表される基を各成分に導入する方法としては、例えばヒドロキシ基を有する低分子化合物またはポリマーに、メルドラム酸とカルボン酸クロリドとを反応させて得られるアシルメルドラム酸を反応させるという方法が挙げられる。この方法は公知である。ここで、Rとしては、入手性や配向性などを加味して、メチル基が好ましい。
マイケルドナー部位を有するモノマーとしては、2-アセトアセトキシエチルアクリレート(エチレングリコールモノアセトアセタートモノアクリラート)、2-アセトアセトキシエチルメタクリレート(エチレングリコールモノアセトアセタートモノメタクリラート)等が挙げられる。
(B)成分にかかるマイケルアクセプター部位としては、例えば、(メタ)アクリル基及びマレイミド基、すなわち、CH2=CH-C(=O)-基、CH2=C(CH3)-C(=O)-基、およびマレイミド基が挙げられる。なお本明細書中、“(メタ)アクリル基”などの記載はアクリル基とメタクリル基の双方を表す。
(メタ)アクリル基を各成分に導入する方法としては、エポキシ基を有する成分に、(メタ)アクリル酸を公知の方法で反応させるという方法が挙げられる。また、ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート等のヒドロキシアルキル基を有するモノマーを用いて得られる共重合体に、(メタ)アクリル基及びイソシアネート基を有する化合物成分を公知の方法で反応させるという方法も挙げられる。
マレイミド基を各成分に導入する方法としては、N-(4-カルボキシフェニル)マレイミドやN-(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)マレイミドを、エポキシ基を有する成分と公知の方法で反応させるという方法が挙げられる。また、N-(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)マレイミドを、イソシアネート基を有する成分と公知の方法で反応させるという方法も挙げられる。
(A)成分及び(B)成分の少なくとも一方に含まれる、本発明で用いられる液晶配向性基としては、垂直配向性基と光配向性基が挙げられる。
本発明において、光配向性基とは、光二量化または光異性化する官能基(光二量化部位、光異性化部位とも称する)を示す。
また、光異性化部位とは、光照射によりシス体とトランス体が変化する部位であり、その具体例としてはアゾベンゼン構造、スチルベン構造等が挙げられる。これらのうち反応性の高さからアゾベンゼン構造が好ましい。
上記式[2]中、X12は水素原子、シアノ基、炭素原子数1乃至18のアルキル基、フェニル基、ビフェニル基又はシクロヘキシル基を表す。その際、炭素原子数1乃至18のアルキル基、フェニル基、ビフェニル基、シクロヘキシル基は、単結合、エーテル結合、エステル結合、アミド結合、尿素結合を介してベンゼン環と結合してもよい。
このような光配向性基を本発明の各成分に導入するには、光配向性基及びヒドロキシ基を有する化合物に、前記<式(a1)で表される基(マイケルドナー部位)の導入方法>に記載の方法でマイケルドナー部位を導入する方法、光配向性基を有するアクリルモノマーをそのまま用いるか、共重合する方法、エポキシ基を有する成分に、カルボキシル基を有するけい皮酸誘導体(光配向性基(シンナモイル基)及びカルボキシル基を有する化合物)を反応させる方法などが挙げられる。
X2は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、炭素原子数1乃至18のアルキル基、フェニル基、ビフェニル基又はシクロヘキシル基を表す。その際、炭素原子数1乃至18のアルキル基、フェニル基、ビフェニル基及びシクロヘキシル基は、共有結合、エーテル結合、エステル結合、アミド結合又は尿素結合を介してベンゼン環に結合してもよい。
X3はヒドロキシ基、メルカプト基、アミノ基、炭素原子数1乃至10のアルコキシ基、炭素原子数1乃至10のアルキルチオ基、炭素原子数1乃至10のアルキルアミノ基、フェノキシ基、フェニルチオ基、フェニルアミノ基、ビフェニルアミノ基、フェニル基またはビフェニル基を表す。
X4はそれぞれ独立に単結合、炭素原子数1乃至20のアルキレン基、2価の芳香族環基、又は、2価の脂肪族環基を表す。ここで炭素原子数1乃至20のアルキレン基は分岐状でも直鎖状でもよい。
Xは単結合、酸素原子又は硫黄原子を表す。
なお、これらの基において、フェニル基上、ビフェニル基上、フェニレン基上及びビフェニレン基上の水素原子は、炭素原子数1乃至4のアルキル基、炭素原子数1乃至4のアルコキシ基、ハロゲン原子、トリフルオロメチル基およびシアノ基から選ばれる同一又は相異なる1または複数の置換基によって置換されていてもよい。
R11は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、C1~C6アルキル、C1~C6ハロアルキル、C1~C6アルコキシ、C1~C6ハロアルコキシ、C3~C8シクロアルキル、C3~C8ハロシクロアルキル、C2~C6アルケニル、C2~C6ハロアルケニル、C3~C8シクロアルケニル、C3~C8ハロシクロアルケニル、C2~C6アルキニル、C2~C6ハロアルキニル、C1~C6アルコキシ、C1~C6ハロアルコキシ、(C1~C6アルキル)カルボニル、(C1~C6ハロアルキル)カルボニル、(C1~C6アルコキシ)カルボニル、(C1~C6ハロアルコキシ)カルボニル、(C1~C6アルキルアミノ)カルボニル、(C1~C6ハロアルキル)アミノカルボニル、ジ(C1~C6アルキル)アミノカルボニル、シアノ、ニトロ及び下記式(c-2)
R12は2価の芳香族基、2価の脂環族基、2価の複素環式基または2価の縮合環式基であり、
R13は単結合、酸素原子、-COO-または-OCO-であり、
R14~R17はそれぞれ独立に水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭素原子数1~6のアルキル基、炭素原子数1~6のハロアルキル基、炭素原子数1~6のアルコキシ基、炭素原子数1~6のハロアルコキシ基、シアノ基、及びニトロ基から選ばれる基であり、
nは0~3の整数である。)
ができる。
上記式[4]中、X12は水素原子、シアノ基、炭素原子数1乃至18のアルキル基、フェニル基、ビフェニル基又はシクロヘキシル基を表す。その際、炭素原子数1乃至18のアルキル基、フェニル基、ビフェニル基及びシクロヘキシル基は、単結合、エーテル結合、エステル結合、アミド結合又は尿素結合を介してベンゼン環と結合してもよい。
上記式[3]又は式[4]中、X13及びX15はそれぞれ独立に単結合、炭素原子数1乃至20のアルキレン基、2価の芳香族環基、又は、2価の脂肪族環基を表す。ここで炭素原子数1乃至20のアルキレン基は分岐状でも直鎖状でもよく、ヒドロキシ基で置換されていてもよく、エーテル結合、エステル結合、アミド結合、尿素結合及びウレタン結合から選ばれる少なくとも一種の結合によって中断されていてもよい。X14及びX16は重合性基を表す。この重合性基の具体例としては、例えばアクリロイル基、メタクリロイル基、スチレン基、マレイミド基、アクリルアミド基及びメタクリルアミド基等が挙げられる。
垂直配向性基としては、特に限定されるものではないが、炭素原子数が6~20程度の炭化水素基を含む基が好ましく、具体的には式(2)で表される基が好適である。
複素環の具体例としては、ピロール環、イミダゾール環、オキサゾール環、チアゾール環、ピラゾール環、ピリジン環、ピリミジン環、キノリン環、ピラゾリン環、イソキノリン環、カルバゾール環、プリン環、チアジアゾール環、ピリダジン環、ピラゾリン環、トリアジン環、ピラゾリジン環、トリアゾール環、ピラジン環、ベンズイミダゾール環、シンノリン環、フェナントロリン環、インドール環、キノキサリン環、ベンゾチアゾール環、フェノチアジン環、オキサジアゾール環、アクリジン環等が挙げられ、これらの中でも、ピロール環、イミダゾール環、ピラゾール環、ピリジン環、ピリミジン環、ピラゾリン環、カルバゾール環、ピリダジン環、ピラゾリン環、トリアジン環、ピラゾリジン環、トリアゾール環、ピラジン環、ベンズイミダゾール環が好ましい。
また炭素原子数1~18のアルコキシ基としては、上記炭素原子数1~18のアルキル基に酸素原子(-O-)が結合した基が挙げられる。
特に、得られる液晶ポリマーの垂直配向性および塗布性等を考慮すると、垂直配向性基は、炭素原子数7~18、特に8~15のアルキル基を含む基が好ましい。
したがって上記式(2)において、上記Y1、Y2およびY4が、単結合であり、Y3が、単結合または炭素原子数1~15のアルキレン基(好ましくは炭素原子数1~15のアルキレン基)であり、mが、0であり、Y6が、炭素原子数1~18のアルキル基であり、Y3およびY6の総炭素原子数が6~20のアルキル基(a-1)が好ましく、総炭素原子数が7~18のアルキル基がより好ましく、総炭素原子数が8~15のアルキル基がより一層好ましい。
このような垂直配向性基(a-1)の具体例としては、上述した炭素原子数1~18のアルキル基で例示した炭素原子数6~18のアルキル基に加え、n-ノナデシル、n-エイコシニル基等が挙げられる。
このような垂直配向性基(a-2)の具体例としては、下記(a-2-1)~(a-2-6)で示される基が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。
以上で説明した垂直配向性基を本願発明の各成分に導入するには、垂直配向性基及びヒドロキシ基を有する化合物に、前記<式(a1)で表される基(マイケルドナー部位)の導入方法>に記載の方法でマイケルドナー部位を導入する方法、垂直配向性基を有するアクリルモノマーをそのまま用いるか、共重合する方法、エポキシ基を有する成分に、垂直配向性基にカルボキシル基が結合した化合物を反応させる方法などが挙げられる。
これらのモノマーは、公知の方法により製造することができ、また市販品として入手可能なものもある。
なお、上記式(2)で表される垂直配向性基を有する(メタ)アクリル系モノマーを用いてポリマー中に垂直配向性基を導入する場合、その垂直配向性側鎖は下記式(2’)で示される。
1つのマイケルドナー部位と、液晶配向性基を有する低分子化合物(A1)としては、前記の光配向性基とヒドロキシ基とを有する化合物に前記<式(a1)で表される基(マイケルドナー部位)の導入方法>に記載の方法で、マイケルドナー部位を導入して得られる化合物、前記の垂直配向性基とヒドロキシ基とを有する化合物に前記<式(a1)で表される基(マイケルドナー部位)の導入方法>に記載の方法で、マイケルドナー部位を導入して得られる化合物等が挙げられる。
2つ以上のマイケルドナー部位を有する化合物(A2)が低分子化合物である場合、該低分子化合物(A2)としては、2つ以上のヒドロキシ基を有する低分子化合物に、前記<式(a1)で表される基(マイケルドナー部位)の導入方法>に記載の方法で、マイケルドナー部位を導入して得られる化合物、多官能チオール、ジアミン等が挙げられる。
2個のアルコール性ヒドロキシ基を有する2価アルコールの具体例としては、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、トリメチレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、トリプロピレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール、ブタンジオール、ペンタンジオール、ヘキサンジオール、ヘプタンジオール、ノナンジオール、ネオペンチルグリコール、シクロヘキサンジオール、シクロヘキサンジメタノール、ジオキサングリコール、N-メチルジエタノールアミン、N-エチルジエタノールアミン、N-ブチルジエタノールアミン、N-tert-ブチルジエタノールアミン、N-ラウリルジエタノールアミン、ステアリルジエタノールアミン、N-フェニルジエタノールアミン、m-トリルジエタノールアミン、p-トリルジエタノールアミンなどが挙げられる。
多官能チオール化合物は、多価アルコールと単官能及び/又は多官能チオール化合物との付加反応物として得ることができる。具体的な化合物としては、1,3,5-トリス(3-メルカプトプロピオニルオキシエチル)-イソシアヌレート、1,3,5-トリス(3-メルカプトブチリルオキシエチル)-イソシアヌレート(昭和電工(株)製、カレンズMT(登録商標)NR1)、トリメチロールプロパントリス(3-メルカプトプロピオネート)等の3官能チオール化合物;ペンタエリスリトールテトラキス(3-メルカプトプロピオネート)、ペンタエリスリトールテトラキス(3-メルカプトブチレート)(昭和電工(株)製、カレンズMT(登録商標)PEI)等の4官能チオール化合物;ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサキス(3-プロピオネート)等の6官能チオール化合物等が挙げられる。
使用されるジアミン成分においては特に限定されない。あえて、その具体例を挙げるとすれば以下の通りである。
脂環式ジアミン類の例としては、1,4-ジアミノシクロヘキサン、1,3-ジアミノシクロヘキサン、4,4’-ジアミノジシクロヘキシルメタン、4,4’-ジアミノ-3,3’-ジメチルジシクロヘキシルアミン、イソホロンジアミン等が挙げられる。
2つ以上のマイケルドナー部位を有する化合物(A2)がポリマー(高分子化合物)である場合、該ポリマー(A2)としては、後述のポリマー(A2)及びポリマー(B2)の前駆体に、前記<式(a1)で表される基(マイケルドナー部位)の導入方法>に記載の方法で、マイケルドナー部位を導入して得られるポリマー等が挙げられる。
1つのマイケルアクセプター部位と、液晶配向性基を有する低分子化合物(B1)としては、前記の光配向性基とヒドロキシ基とを有する化合物と(メタ)アクリル酸クロリドを用いて得られるエステル、前記の垂直配向性基とヒドロキシ基とを有する化合物と(メタ)アクリル酸クロリドを用いて得られるエステル等が挙げられる。
2つ以上のマイケルアクセプター部位を有する化合物(B2)が低分子化合物である場合、該低分子化合物(B2)としては、多官能(メタ)アクリレート、ビスマレイミド等が挙げられる。
(1)3官能((メタ)アクリロイル基を3個有する)ウレタン(メタ)アクリレート
(メタ)アクリロイル基を3個有する多官能ウレタン(メタ)アクリレート化合物の市販品の具体例としては、NKオリゴUA-7100[新中村化学工業(株)製];EBECRYL(登録商標)204、同205、同264、同265、同294/25HD、同1259、同4820、同8311、同8465、同8701、同9260、KRM(登録商標)8296、同8667[以上、何れもダイセル・オルネクス(株)製];紫光(登録商標)UV-7550B、同7000B、同7510B、同7461TE、同2750B[以上、何れも日本合成化学工業(株)製]等が挙げられる。
(メタ)アクリロイル基を4個有する多官能ウレタン(メタ)アクリレート化合物の市販品の具体例としては、EBECRYL(登録商標)8210、同8405、KRM(登録商標)8528[以上、何れもダイセル・オルネクス(株)製];紫光(登録商標)UV-7650B[日本合成化学工業(株)製]等が挙げられる。
(メタ)アクリロイル基を5個以上有する多官能ウレタン(メタ)アクリレート化合物(5官能以上のウレタン(メタ)アクリレート)としては、例えば、ペンタエリスリトールトリ(メタ)アクリレートとヘキサメチレンジイソシアネートとのウレタン化物、ペンタエリスリトールトリ(メタ)アクリレートとトルエンジイソシアネートとのウレタン化物、ペンタエリスリトールトリ(メタ)アクリレートとイソホロンジイソシアネートとのウレタン化物、ジペンタエリスリトールペンタ(メタ)アクリレートとヘキサメチレンジイソシアネートとのウレタン化物等が挙げられる。
UA-306H、UA-306T、UA-306I、UA-510H[以上、何れも共栄社化学(株)製];NKオリゴU-6LPA、同U-10HA、同U-10PA、同U-1100H、同U-15HA、同UA-53H、同UA-33H[以上、何れも新中村化学工業(株)製];EBECRYL(登録商標)220、同1290、同5129、同8254、同8301R、KRM(登録商標)8200、同8200AE、同8904、同8452[以上、何れもダイセル・オルネクス(株)製];紫光(登録商標)UV-1700B、同6300B、同7600B、同7605B、同7610B、同7620EA、同7630B、同7640B、同7650B[以上、何れも日本合成化学工業(株)製]等が挙げられる。
(メタ)アクリロイル基を3個有する化合物としては、1,1,1-トリメチロールエタントリ(メタ)アクリレート、トリメチロールプロパントリ(メタ)アクリレート、ジトリメチロールプロパントリ(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールトリ(メタ)アクリレート、グリセリントリ(メタ)アクリレート等が挙げられる。
(メタ)アクリロイル基を4個有する化合物としては、ジトリメチロールプロパンテトラ(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールテトラ(メタ)アクリレート等が挙げられる。
(メタ)アクリロイル基を5個以上有する化合物としては、ジペンタエリスリトールペンタ(メタ)アクリレート、ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサ(メタ)アクリレート、トリペンタエリスリトールオクタ(メタ)アクリレート等が挙げられる。
本発明で(B2)成分として用いられるビスマレイミド化合物は下記の式(3)で示される。
2つ以上のマイケルアクセプター部位を有する化合物がポリマー(高分子化合物)である場合、該ポリマー(B2)としては分子内に1個以上の末端が重合性不飽和結合である側鎖を有する高分子化合物等が挙げられる。
このような末端が重合性不飽和結合である側鎖を有する高分子化合物としては、好ましくは分子内の2個以上の側鎖に(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する高分子化合物が挙げられる。
ポリマーに液晶配向性基やマイケル付加反応部位等を有する側鎖(特定側鎖)を導入する場合、互いに反応しやすい特定の官能基を配し(あるいは特定の化合物に対して)、これらを反応させることで、特定側鎖を生成することができる。該特定側鎖を生成させる反応において、好ましい特定官能基の組み合わせ、及び特定官能基と特定化合物の組み合わせは、カルボキシル基とエポキシ基、ヒドロキシ基とイソシアネート基、フェノール性ヒドロキシ基とエポキシ基、カルボキシル基とイソシアネート基、アミノ基とイソシアネート基、ヒドロキシ基と酸クロライド等の組み合わせである。より具体的な好ましい例として、カルボキシル基とグリシジル(メタ)アクリレート、およびヒドロキシ基とイソシアネートエチル(メタ)アクリレートを挙げることができる。
以下に、特定官能基を有するモノマーの具体例を挙げるがこれらに限定されるものではない。
そのようなその他モノマーの具体例としては、アクリル酸エステル化合物、メタクリル酸エステル化合物、マレイミド化合物、アクリルアミド化合物、アクリロニトリル、マレイン酸無水物、スチレン化合物及びビニル化合物等が挙げられる。
前記アクリル酸エステル化合物としては、例えば、メチルアクリレート、エチルアクリレート、2-ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート、2-ヒドロキシプロピルアクリレート、4-ヒドロキシブチルアクリレート、2,3-ジヒドロキシプロピルアクリレート、ジエチレングリコールモノアクリレート、カプロラクトン2-(アクリロイルオキシ)エチルエステル、ポリ(エチレングリコール)エチルエーテルアクリレート、5-アクリロイルオキシ-6-ヒドロキシノルボルネン-2-カルボキシリック-6-ラクトン、アクリル酸、モノ-(2-(アクリロイルオキシ)エチル)フタレート、グリシジルアクリレート、イソプロピルアクリレート、ベンジルアクリレート、ナフチルアクリレート、アントリルアクリレート、アントリルメチルアクリレート、フェニルアクリレート、グリシジルアクリレート、2,2,2-トリフルオロエチルアクリレート、tert-ブチルアクリレート、シクロヘキシルアクリレート、イソボルニルアクリレート、2-メトキシエチルアクリレート、メトキシトリエチレングリコールアクリレート、2-エトキシエチルアクリレート、2-アミノエチルアクリレート、テトラヒドロフルフリルアクリレート、3-メトキシブチルアクリレート、2-メチル-2-アダマンチルアクリレート、2-プロピル-2-アダマンチルアクリレート、8-メチル-8-トリシクロデシルアクリレート、及び、8-エチル-8-トリシクロデシルアクリレート等が挙げられる。
前記方法により得られる特定共重合体は、通常、溶剤に溶解した溶液の状態である。
このような場合は、上述の導入方法を組み合わせて、マイケルドナー部位とマイケルアクセプター部位の両方、及び、必要に応じてさらに液晶配向性基を導入すればよい。そのような方法としては、例えば、活性メチレン基を有するモノマー、エポキシ基を有するモノマー、必要に応じて液晶配向性基を有するモノマーを共重合したポリマーに、(メタ)アクリル酸を反応させればよい。
本発明の硬化膜形成組成物は、前記(A)成分及び(B)成分に加えて、さらに(C)成分としてマイケル付加反応を促進するマイケル付加反応触媒を含有することができる。
マイケル付加反応触媒とは、より具体的には、下記に示される塩基性化合物が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。塩基性化合物としては、例えば、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウムなどのアルカリ金属の水酸化物;ナトリウムメトキサイド、カリウムエトキサイドなどのアルカリ金属のアルコキシド;テトラブチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド、ベンジルトリメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシドなどの第4級アンモニウムヒドロキシド;テトラブチルアンモニウムカーボネート、ベンジルトリメチルアンモニウムカーボネー、トリエチルモノメチルアンモニウム2-エチルヘキサン酸塩、テトラブチルアンモニウムアセタートなどの第4級アンモニウムカーボネート;テトラブチルアンモニウムフロライド、ベンジルトリメチルアンモニウムフロライドなどの第4級アンモニウムフロライド;テトラブチルアンモニウムテトラヒドロボレート、ベンジルトリメチルアンモニウムテトラヒドロボレートなどの第4級アンモニウムテトラヒドロボレート;テトラメチルグアニジン、1,8-ジアザビシクロ[5,4,0]ウンデセン-7、ジアザビシクロ[4,3,0]ノネン-5などの第3級アミン;グアニジン、アジン、トリフェニルフォスフィンなどの第3級ホスフィン等が挙げられる。
本発明の硬化膜形成組成物は、主として溶剤に溶解した溶液状態で用いられる。その際に使用する溶剤は、(A)成分、(B)成分、および所望により(C)成分、さらに必要に応じて後述するその他添加剤を溶解できればよく、その種類および構造などは特に限定されるものでない。
さらに、本発明の硬化膜形成組成物は、本発明の効果を損なわない限りにおいて、必要に応じて、密着向上剤、シランカップリング剤、界面活性剤、レオロジー調整剤、顔料、染料、保存安定剤、消泡剤、酸化防止剤、無機酸化物粒子等を含有することができる。
本発明の硬化膜形成組成物は、(A)成分のマイケルドナー部位を有する化合物、(B)成分のマイケルアクセプター部位を有する化合物および(C)成分のマイケル付加反応触媒、そして更に本発明の効果を損なわない限りにおいてその他の添加剤を含有することができる組成物である。そして通常は、それらが溶剤に溶解した溶液の形態として用いられる。
[1]:(A)成分のマイケルドナー部位を有する化合物及び(B)成分のマイケルアクセプター部位を有する化合物を含有し、(A)成分及び(B)成分の合計100質量部に対して0.01質量部~20質量部の(C)成分、溶剤を含有する硬化膜形成組成物。
本発明の硬化膜形成組成物における固形分の割合は、各成分が均一に溶剤に溶解している限り、特に限定されるものではないが、1質量%~60質量%であり、好ましくは2質量%~50質量%であり、より好ましくは2質量%~20質量%である。ここで、固形分とは、硬化膜形成組成物の全成分から溶剤を除いたものをいう。
本発明の硬化膜形成組成物の溶液を基板(例えば、シリコン/二酸化シリコン被覆基板、シリコンナイトライド基板、金属、例えば、アルミニウム、モリブデン、クロムなどが被覆された基板、ガラス基板、石英基板、ITO基板等)やフィルム基板(例えば、トリアセチルセルロース(TAC)フィルム、ポリカーボネート(PC)フィルム、シクロオレフィンポリマー(COP)フィルム、シクロオレフィンコポリマー(COC)フィルム、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)フィルム、アクリルフィルム、ポリエチレンフィルム等の樹脂フィルム)等の上に、バーコート、回転塗布、流し塗布、ロール塗布、スリット塗布、スリットに続いた回転塗布、インクジェット塗布、印刷などによって塗布して塗膜を形成し、その後、ホットプレートまたはオーブン等で加熱乾燥することにより、硬化膜を形成することができる。該硬化膜はそのまま配向材として適用できる。
このように本発明の硬化膜形成組成物は、各種位相差材(位相差フィルム)や液晶表示素子等の製造に好適に用いることができる。
以下の実施例で用いる略記号の意味は、次のとおりである。
<原料>
GMA:グリシジルメタクリレート
M100:3,4-エポキシシクロヘキシルメチルメタクリレート
EGAMA:エチレングリコールモノアセトアセタートモノメタクリラート
LA:ラウリルアクリレート
HA:ヘキシルアクリレート
AIBN:α,α’-アゾビスイソブチロニトリル
CIN1:
DPHA:ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサアクリレート[A-DPH(新中村化学工業(株)製)]
UA:ウレタンアクリレート[UA-306H(共栄社化学(株)製)]
SMP:アクリル基含有アクリルポリマー[SMP-220A(共栄社化学(株)製)]
<C成分>
UCAT:トリエチルモノメチルアンモニウム2-エチルヘキサン酸塩[U-CAT18X(サンアプロ(株)製)]
TBAAc:テトラブチルアンモニウムアセタート
TBAH:テトラブチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド
DBU:1,8-ジアザビシクロ[5.4.0]-7-ウンデセン
<その他成分(D成分)>
PGM-AC:オルガノシリカゾル[PGM-AC-2140Z(日産化学工業(株)製)]
<溶剤>
実施例及び比較例の各組成物は溶剤を含有し、その溶剤として、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル(PM)、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセタート(PMA)、酢酸ブチル(BA)、酢酸エチル(EA)を用いた。
重合例におけるアクリル共重合体の分子量は、(株)Shodex社製常温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)装置(GPC-101)、Shodex社製カラム(KD―803、KD-805)を用い以下のようにして測定した。
なお、下記の数平均分子量(以下、Mnと称す。)及び重量平均分子量(以下、Mwと称す。)は、ポリスチレン換算値にて表した。
カラム温度:40℃
溶離液:テトラヒドロフラン
流速:1.0mL/分
検量線作成用標準サンプル:昭和電工社製 標準ポリスチレン(分子量 約197,000、55,100、12,800、3,950、1,260、580)。
<原料の合成>
GMA 8.3g、4-メトキシ桂皮酸 20.7g、ジブチルヒドロキシトルエン 0.2g、トリフェニルエチルホスホニウムブロミド 0.3g、1.4-ジオキサン 80mLを混合し、90℃で3日間加熱した。反応終了後、1.4-ジオキサンを減圧留去後、酢酸エチル 150mLを加えて不溶物を濾別後、重曹水100mLを加えて3回洗浄して過剰のメトキシ桂皮酸を除去した。酢酸エチルを減圧留去して、目的物のCIN3 16.5gを得た。
メルドラム酸 18.3g、ピリジン 20.0gをクロロホルム 150mLに溶解後、-20℃に冷却し、アセチルクロリド 13.5gを滴下した。室温までゆっくり昇温後20時間反応させた。2N塩酸40mLと水150mLを加えて分液漏斗で抽出、濃縮して橙色固体を得た。クロロホルム 100mLを加えてシリカゲル(中性)ショートカラムでボトムカット、溶媒留去して下記に示したアセチルメルドラム酸 20.5gを得た。
CIN3 16.3g、合成例2で得たアセチルメルドラム酸 9.5gを1.4-ジオキサン 80mLに溶解させ、80℃で1時間加熱した。1.4-ジオキサンを減圧留去することでCIN4 20.4gを得た。
M100 4.9g、4-メトキシ桂皮酸 8.9、ジブチルヒドロキシトルエン 0.1g、トリフェニルエチルホスホニウムブロミド 0.18g、1.4-ジオキサン 40mLを90℃で3日間加熱した。反応終了後、1.4-ジオキサンを減圧留去後、酢酸エチル100mLを加えて不溶物を濾別後、重曹水 100mLを加えて3回洗浄した。酢酸エチルを減圧留去して、目的物のCIN5 6.3gを得た。
CIN5 5.0g、合成例2で得たアセチルメルドラム酸 2.4gを1.4-ジオキサン 40mLに溶解させ、80℃で1時間加熱した。1.4-ジオキサンを減圧留去することでCIN6 7.1gを得た。
<合成例6> CIN8の合成
CIN7 5.0g、合成例2で得たアセチルメルドラム酸 3.3gを1.4-ジオキサン 40mLに溶解させ、80℃で1時間加熱した。1.4-ジオキサンを減圧留去することでCIN8 8.0gを得た。
<合成例7>
CIN1 10.0g、EGAMA 4.3g、重合触媒としてAIBN 0.43gをPM 132.4gに溶解し、90℃にて20時間反応させることによりアセトアセチル基を側鎖に有するアクリル共重合体(A2-1)を10質量%含有する溶液を得た。得られたアクリル共重合体のMnは12,000、Mwは23,000であった。
CIN2 10.0g、EGAMA 2.5g、重合触媒としてAIBN 0.38gをPM 115.9gに溶解し、80℃にて20時間反応させることによりアセトアセチル基を側鎖に有するアクリル共重合体(A2-2)を10質量%含有する溶液を得た。得られたアクリル共重合体のMnは18,000、Mwは35,000であった。
CIN4 15.0g、重合触媒としてAIBN 0.3gをPM 61.2gに溶解し、80℃にて20時間反応させることによりアセトアセチル基を側鎖に有するアクリル共重合体(A2-3)を20質量%含有する溶液を得た。得られたアクリル共重合体のMnは17,000、Mwは32,000であった。
CIN6 15.0g、重合触媒としてAIBN 0.3gをPM 61.2gに溶解し、80℃にて20時間反応させることによりアセトアセチル基を側鎖に有するアクリル共重合体(A2-4)を20質量%含有する溶液を得た。得られたアクリル共重合体のMnは23,000、Mwは40,000であった。
プラクセル410(ダイセル(株)製ポリカプロラクトンテトラオール) 10.0g、アセト酢酸tert-ブチル 6.3gをPMA 38.1gに溶解し、130℃にて10時間反応させることによりアセトアセチル基を有する化合物(A2-5)を30質量%含有する溶液を得た。
EGAMA 8.0g、重合触媒としてAIBN 0.3gをPM 33.2gに溶解し、80℃にて20時間反応させることによりアセトアセチル基を側鎖に有するアクリル共重合体(A2-6)を20質量%含有する溶液を得た。得られたアクリル共重合体のMnは10,000、Mwは22,000であった。
CIN3 10.0g、EGAMA 4.3g、重合触媒としてAIBN 0.4gをPM 58.9gに溶解し、80℃にて20時間反応させることによりアセトアセチル基を側鎖に有するアクリル共重合体(A2-7)を20質量%含有する溶液を得た。得られたアクリル共重合体のMnは17,000、Mwは32,000であった。
CIN1 10.0g、EGAMA 3.3g、GMA 3.3g、重合触媒としてAIBN 0.5gをPM 68.7gに溶解し、90℃にて20時間反応させることによりアセトアセチル基を側鎖に有するアクリル共重合体溶液を得た。次いで、アクリル酸 2.0g、トリフェニルエチルホスホニウムブロミド 0.1g、ジブチルヒドロキシトルエン 0.2gを加え、100℃にて18時間反応させることによりアクリル基をアクリル共重合体の側鎖に導入した。その後ヘキサンで再沈殿することにより、アセトアセチル基とアクリル基を側鎖に有するアクリル共重合体(A2-8)を得た。得られたアクリル共重合体のMnは23,000、Mwは42,000であった。
<合成例15>
CIN1 8.0g、GMA 3.4g、重合触媒としてAIBN 0.3gをPM 27.5gに溶解し、90℃にて20時間反応させることによりアクリル共重合体溶液を得た。次いで、アクリル酸 1.7g、トリフェニルエチルホスホニウムブロミド 0.1g、ジブチルヒドロキシトルエン 0.2gを加え、100℃にて18時間反応させることによりアクリル基をアクリル共重合体の側鎖に導入した。その後ヘキサンで再沈殿することにより、アクリル基を側鎖に有するアクリル共重合体(B2-1)を得た。得られたアクリル共重合体のMnは12,000、Mwは32,000であった。
(A-1)成分として上記合成例7で得たアクリル共重合体(A2-1)を10質量%含有する溶液のアクリル共重合体(A2-1)(固形分)に換算して100質量部に相当する量、(B)成分としてDPHA 30質量部、(C)成分としてUCAT 3質量部を混合し、これにPMおよびPMAを加え、溶媒組成がPM:PMA=80:20(質量比)、固形分濃度が5.0質量%の配向材形成組成物(A-1)を調製した。
各成分の種類と量を、それぞれ表1に記載の通りとしたほかは、実施例1と同様に実施し、配向材形成組成物A-2~A-29を、それぞれ調製した((A)~(D)成分はいずれも固形分に換算した値である)。
[配向性の評価]
実施例1で得た配向材形成組成物A-1を、TACフィルム上にバーコーターを用いてWet膜厚4μmにて塗布した。温度110℃で2分間、熱循環式オーブン中で加熱乾燥を行い、TACフィルム上に硬化膜を形成した。この各硬化膜に313nmの直線偏光を20mJ/cm2の露光量で垂直に照射し、配向材を形成した。TACフィルム上の配向材の上に、重合性液晶溶液RMS03-013c(メルク(株)製)を、バーコーターを用いてWet膜厚6μmにて塗布した。この塗膜を温度65℃に設定したホットプレート上で2分間加熱乾燥を行い、次いで300mJ/cm2で露光し、位相差材を作製した。作製した基板上の位相差材を一対の偏光板で挟み込み、位相差材における位相差特性の発現状況を観察し、位相差が欠陥なく発現しているものを○、位相差が発現していないものを×として、表2の「配向性」の欄に記載した。
配向材形成組成物、および熱循環式オーブン中での加熱温度と加熱時間を、それぞれ表2に記載の通りとしたほかは、実施例26と同様に位相差材を作製し、配向性の評価を行った。評価結果は、後に表2にまとめて示す。
それに対して、比較例5~8では、低温短時間の焼成で良好な配向性を示す位相差材を作製できなかった。
<実施例51~53>
実施例48~50で作成したフィルム上の位相差材に、縦横1mm間隔で10×10マスとなるようカッターナイフで切込みをつけた。この切り込みの上にスコッチ(登録商標)テープを用いてセロハンテープ剥離試験を行った。テープを剥離後、100マス全て剥がれずに残っているものを○、1マスでも剥がれているものを×と評価した。評価結果について、後述の表3において「初期」の欄にてまとめて示す。
上述の密着性の評価と同様に方法で作製した位相差材を、温度80℃湿度90%に設定されたオーブンに入れ、200時間以上静置した。その後、位相差材を取り出し、上述の密着性の評価と同様の方法で、密着性を評価した。評価結果について、後述の表3において「耐久」の欄にてまとめて示す。
<合成例16>
LA 14.1g、EGAMA 7.2g、重合触媒としてAIBN 0.68gをPM 107.0gに溶解し、80℃にて16時間反応させることによりアクリル共重合体(A2-9)を30質量%含有する溶液を得た。得られたアクリル共重合体のMnは13,300、Mwは27,800であった。
HA 14.1g、EGAMA 7.2g、重合触媒としてAIBN 0.68gをPM 107.0gに溶解し、80℃にて16時間反応させることによりアクリル共重合体(A2-10)を30質量%含有する溶液を得た。得られたアクリル共重合体のMnは13,300、Mwは27,800であった。
各成分の種類と量を、それぞれ表4に記載の通りとしたほかは、実施例1と同様に実施し、配向材形成組成物A-30~A-35を、それぞれ調製した((A)~(D)成分はいずれも固形分に換算した値である)。
[垂直配向性の評価]
実施例54で得た配向材形成組成物A-30を、TACフィルム上にバーコーターを用いてWet膜厚4μmにて塗布した。温度120℃で2分間、熱循環式オーブン中で加熱乾燥を行い、TACフィルム上に配向材を形成した。TACフィルム上の配向材の上に、重合性液晶溶液RMS03-015(メルク(株)製)を、バーコーターを用いてWet膜厚6μmにて塗布した。この塗膜を温度65℃に設定したホットプレート上で2分間加熱乾燥を行い、次いで300mJ/cm2で露光し、位相差材を作製した。作製した位相差材を、大塚電子(株)製位相差測定装置RETS100を用いて面内位相差の入射角度依存性を測定した。入射角度0度での面内位相差値が0、入射角度±50度での面内位相差が38±5nmの範囲にあるものを垂直配向していると判断した。評価結果を表5の「垂直配向性」の欄に記載した。
配向材形成組成物を、それぞれ表5に記載の通りとしたほかは、実施例58と同様に位相差材を作製し、垂直配向性の評価を行った。評価結果は、後に表5にまとめて示す。
それに対して、比較例11~12では、低温短時間の焼成で良好な配向性を示す位相差材を作製できなかった。
Claims (11)
- (A)成分として、マイケルドナー部位を含有する化合物と、
(B)成分として、マイケルアクセプター部位を含有する化合物とを含み、
(A)成分及び(B)成分の少なくとも一方は液晶配向性基を含む、
硬化膜形成組成物。 - (A)成分と(B)成分が、マイケルドナー部位とマイケルアクセプター部位と液晶配向性基を含む同一の化合物である、
請求項1に記載の硬化膜形成組成物。 - (A)成分として、1つのマイケルドナー部位と、液晶配向性基を有する低分子化合物(A1)、及び、2つ以上のマイケルドナー部位を有し、液晶配向性基を非含有の又は含有する化合物(A2)から選ばれる少なくとも一種と、
(B)成分として、1つのマイケルアクセプター部位と、液晶配向性基を有する低分子化合物(B1)、及び、2つ以上のマイケルアクセプター部位を有し、液晶配向性基を非含有の又は含有する化合物(B2)から選ばれる少なくとも一種とを含み、
(A2)成分及び(B2)成分は低分子化合物であっても高分子化合物であってもよい、
請求項1又は請求項2に記載の硬化膜形成組成物。 - (A)成分のマイケルドナー部位が、活性メチレン基または活性メチン基である、請求項1乃至請求項3のうち何れか一項に記載の硬化膜形成組成物。
- (C)マイケル付加反応触媒をさらに含有する請求項1乃至請求項4のうち何れか一項に記載の硬化膜形成組成物。
- マイケルアクセプター部位がアクリル基である、請求項1乃至請求項5のうち何れか一項に記載の硬化膜形成組成物。
- (A)成分の100質量部に対して1質量部~2,000質量部の(B)成分を含有する請求項1乃至請求項6の何れか一項に記載の硬化膜形成組成物。
- (A)成分及び(B)成分の合計100質量部に対して0.01質量部~20質量部の(C)成分を含有する請求項5乃至請求項7のうち何れか一項に記載の硬化膜形成組成物。
- 請求項1乃至請求項8のうち何れか一項に記載の硬化膜形成組成物を用いて得られる硬化膜。
- 請求項1乃至請求項8のうち何れか一項に記載の硬化膜形成組成物を用いて得られる配向材。
- 請求項10に記載の配向材を使用して形成される位相差材。
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CN202310115230.1A CN115975155A (zh) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-18 | 取向材用固化膜形成用组合物、取向材和相位差材 |
KR1020207020879A KR20200093068A (ko) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-18 | 경화막형성 조성물, 배향재 및 위상차재 |
CN201880088875.8A CN111683986A (zh) | 2017-12-18 | 2018-12-18 | 固化膜形成用组合物、取向材和相位差材 |
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