WO2019107375A1 - 水力発電システムおよび制御方法 - Google Patents

水力発電システムおよび制御方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019107375A1
WO2019107375A1 PCT/JP2018/043646 JP2018043646W WO2019107375A1 WO 2019107375 A1 WO2019107375 A1 WO 2019107375A1 JP 2018043646 W JP2018043646 W JP 2018043646W WO 2019107375 A1 WO2019107375 A1 WO 2019107375A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stall
power
generator
rotational speed
value
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2018/043646
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
伊藤　隆志
Original Assignee
Ntn株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ntn株式会社 filed Critical Ntn株式会社
Priority to KR1020207018028A priority Critical patent/KR102639063B1/ko
Publication of WO2019107375A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019107375A1/ja

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/04—Control effected upon non-electric prime mover and dependent upon electric output value of the generator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/10—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hydroelectric system and control method having a function of determining a stall state of a hydroelectric generator and returning it to a normal state.
  • a hydroelectric generator is a system that uses kinetic energy of flowing water for power generation.
  • the hydroelectric power generation device mainly includes: a water turbine that receives a flow of water; a generator that is connected to the water turbine and converts the rotation energy into electrical energy; and a controller that controls the output of the generator and the water turbine. Prepare.
  • the controller Since the power extracted from the generator changes with the flow velocity, the controller measures the flow velocity, the rotational speed of the water turbine, or the generated voltage of the generator to determine the optimal power extracted from the generator, and generates the power of the generator. Control to match the power and the optimum value.
  • MPPT control In order to eliminate the prior measurement and the setting operation of the optimum value, there has been proposed a method of controlling hydroelectric power generation by maximum power point tracking control called MPPT control according to hill climbing or the like (for example, Patent Document 1). MPPT control is also used in wind power generation (for example, Patent Document 2).
  • the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and an object thereof is to perform appropriate output power control without performing prior measurement, and to reduce or release the load of the generator even in a stall state. It is an object of the present invention to provide a hydroelectric power generation system and control method which makes it possible to return from a stalled state to a normal power generation state, obtain a large amount of generated power, and prevent hunting of power control.
  • the hydroelectric power system comprises a water turbine 1 rotating in water, a generator 3 converting the rotational energy of the water turbine 1 into electrical energy, and adjusting the load power of the generator 3 to adjust the rotational speed of the water turbine 1
  • a hydraulic power generation system comprising a control device 4 for controlling The control device 4 is Power past present value detecting means 16 for detecting the output power past value and the output power present value of the generator 3; Power past present value storage means 17 for storing the detected output power past value and the output power present value; Rotational speed past present value detecting means 18 for detecting the rotational speed past value and rotational speed present value of the generator 3; Rotational speed past current value storage means 19 for storing the detected rotational speed past value and the rotational speed current value; Difference power calculating means 20 for calculating a difference power between the output power past value and the output power present value; Differential rotation number calculation means 21 for calculating a difference rotation number between the output rotation number past value and the output rotation number current value; Stall determination means 22 for determining the
  • the judgment curves a and b are classified according to a and b, and when the differential power decreases with the stall judgment curve a for determining a stall state when the differential power increases and / or the differential rotational speed decreases. And / or a return determination curve b for determining a non-stall state when the differential rotation speed increases, and a stall boundary area C is configured as a hysteresis area between the curves a and b.
  • the control device 4 basically monitors the generated power and the like, and controls the number of rotations of the water turbine 1 by controlling the output power in accordance with a defined control rule.
  • the stall determination unit 22 determines the stall state or the non-stall state of the water turbine 1 from the differential power and the differential rotation speed, and when it is determined that the stall state is present, the load reducing / releasing means 23 The load power of the generator 3 is reduced or released. As described above, when the stall of the water turbine 1 occurs, the load power can be reduced or released, so that the stall state can be returned to the normal power generation state, and a large generated power can be obtained.
  • the rotational speed is a rotational speed per unit time, in other words, a rotational speed.
  • the control device 4 includes an MPPT control means 6 for controlling the maximum power operating point following the output fluctuation of the generator 3, and the stall judging means 22 controls the water wheel every time the maximum power operating point is searched.
  • the stall condition or non-stall condition of 1 may be determined, and the load reducing / releasing means 23 may reduce or release the load of the generator 3 as necessary.
  • MPPT control in which the maximum power operating point is followed and controlled, efficient power generation can be performed even if the preliminary measurement work of the flow velocity and the turbine rotational speed at the site where the turbine 1 is installed is omitted.
  • MPPT control when MPPT control is applied to a hydroelectric power generation system, it can not be restored to the normal state when it is in a stall state where the rotational speed of the water turbine 1 is reduced and the generated power is also reduced. is there.
  • the stall condition is determined, and the load power is reduced or stopped during the stall condition, so that recovery from the stall condition can be performed, and the generated power reduction due to the stall does not occur largely. , MPPT control can be performed efficiently.
  • the control method of the hydroelectric power generation system includes a hydraulically rotating water turbine 1, a generator 3 for converting rotational energy of the water turbine 1 into electric energy, and adjustment of load power of the generator 3 to rotate the water turbine 1
  • a method of controlling a hydroelectric power generation system comprising a controller 4 for controlling the number of A difference power calculation process (S6) for obtaining a difference power between the past value and the current value of the output power of the generator 3;
  • a differential rotation number calculating step (S5) for obtaining a differential rotation number between a past value and a current value of the rotation number of the generator 1;
  • a stall determination step (S6) of determining a stall state or a non-stall state depending on whether or not the relationship between the differential power and the differential rotational speed satisfies a predetermined stall boundary condition;
  • a load reducing / releasing process (S7) for reducing or releasing the load of the generator (3) when it is determined in the stall determination process (S6) that the vehicle is in a stall state
  • the stall boundary condition is determined by determination curves a and b indicating the relationship between the difference power and the difference rotational speed, and a stall determination region A determined to be a stall condition and a non-stall determination region determined to be a non-stall condition B is divided by the determination curves a and b, and the determination curve decreases the difference between the stall determination curve a determined as a stall condition when the difference power increases and / or the difference rotational speed decreases and the difference power decreases And a return determination curve b for determining a non-stall state when the differential rotational speed increases, and a stall boundary area C is formed as a hysteresis area between the curves a and b.
  • the control device 4 includes an MPPT control means 6 for following and controlling the maximum power operating point with respect to the output fluctuation of the generator 3, and the difference power calculation process every time the operating point is searched for by the following control. (S6), the differential rotation speed calculation process (S5), the stall determination process (S7), and the load reduction / release process (S8) may be repeated as necessary.
  • the MPPT control efficient power generation can be performed even if the advance measurement work of the flow velocity and the turbine rotational speed on site is omitted.
  • the control may not be able to return to the normal state when the engine is stalled.
  • the stall condition is determined, and the load power is reduced or stopped in the stall condition, so that the stall condition can be recovered and MPPT control is performed without causing a large reduction in generated power due to stall. Efficient control can be performed.
  • region It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the control method which the hydraulic power generation system of FIG. 1 performs. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the other example of the hydraulic power generator used with the hydraulic power generation system of FIG.
  • This hydroelectric power generation system is an example of a horizontal axis (propeller type) hydroelectric generator.
  • the water turbine 1 is rotated by the kinetic energy of the water flowing through the water channel (not shown), and the main shaft 2 of the water turbine 1 rotates the generator 3.
  • the generator 3 is a three-phase synchronous generator using, for example, a permanent magnet, and is connected to the main shaft 2 by a coupling (not shown) or the like.
  • a speed increaser 25 may be provided between the main shaft 2 and the generator 3 as in the example of FIG.
  • a load circuit is connected as a load of the generator 3 via the control device 4.
  • the control device 4 increases or decreases the torque of the generator 3 according to the flow velocity, and controls the water turbine to rotate at an optimal rotation speed.
  • a DC / DC converter, an inverter or the like is used for the control device 4.
  • the load circuit 5 is an electrical device or a load system.
  • FIG. 2 shows a specific example of the control device 4.
  • the control device 4 includes a main circuit unit 6 that supplies the generated power of the generator 3 to the load circuit 5 and a control circuit unit 7 that controls the main circuit unit 6 and further includes a battery 8 that stores the generated power. ing.
  • the main circuit portion 6 includes a rectifier 9, a converter 10, an ammeter 11, a voltmeter 24, and a switching means 12 sequentially interposed between the battery 8 and the generator 3.
  • the rectifier 9 is a device that rectifies the three-phase AC power generated by the generator 3 into a direct current, and is configured by a half bridge circuit of a semiconductor switching element.
  • Converter 10 comprises, for example, a boost chopper.
  • converter 10 may be a buck chopper.
  • the switching means 12 is means for switching whether or not the rectified DC power is supplied to the battery 8 by turning on and off.
  • the switching means 12 may be a semiconductor switching element or a contact switch.
  • the switching means 12 can be switched on and off by a control signal output from the gate circuit 15.
  • the battery 8 and the load circuit 5 are in parallel, and can charge the load circuit 5 while charging the power generated by the generator 3 to the battery 8.
  • the battery 8 and the load circuit 5 are connected in parallel to the output side of the generator 3, so the output voltage becomes substantially constant. Therefore, the output power of the generator 3 can be adjusted by adjusting the duty ratio of the output current of the converter 10 by opening and closing the switching means 12.
  • the control circuit unit 7 is composed of a computer or the like, and in this example, performs basic control by the MPPT control means 13 which is a basic control means, and performs control for the stall of the water wheel 1 by the stall response control means 14.
  • the MPPT control means 13 and the stall correspondence control means 14 both control the switching means 12 under the control of the gate circuit 15 to adjust the output power.
  • the control circuit unit 7 may perform basic control by basic control means that adopts a control method different from the MPPT control means 13.
  • the MPPT control means 13 changes the operating point of the generator 3 so as to always follow the maximum output operating point in control with respect to the fluctuation of the output power of the generator 3, thereby the maximum output from the generator 3 It is a means to control taking out.
  • the maximum output operating point is an operating point at which the output to the load circuit 5 is maximum among the operating points obtained for each sampling by the MPPT control means 13.
  • the power at the operating point is detected from the measurement values of the ammeter 11 and the voltmeter 24.
  • the stall handling control means 14 includes a power past present value detecting means 16, a power past present value storage means 17, a rotational speed past present value detecting means 18, a rotational speed past present value storage means 19, a difference power calculating means 20, a difference rotational speed
  • the calculation unit 21, the stall determination unit 22, and the load reduction / release unit 23 are provided.
  • the stall handling control means 14 repeatedly performs a series of stall determination processing. In this embodiment, whenever the operating point is searched for in the MPPT control, the determination of the stall by the stall determining unit 22 and the processing by the load reducing / opening unit 23 as necessary are performed.
  • the power past present value detecting means 16 detects the output power past value and the output power present value of the generator 3.
  • the output power present value is the output power at the time of sampling for each of the series of stall determinations, that is, in this example, the most recent sampling among sampling performed every time the operating point is searched by the MPPT control.
  • the output power past value is, for example, the output power at the time of sampling one time before the most recent sampling.
  • the output power past value may be an average value of output powers of a plurality of recent samplings.
  • the output power to be sampled is, for example, a value obtained by multiplying the current obtained by the ammeter 11 by the voltage obtained by the voltmeter 24.
  • the current obtained by the ammeter 11 may be multiplied by a constant voltage which is the voltage of the battery 8.
  • a power past present value storage means 16 may be provided with a power meter (not shown) for detection, and is means for storing the detected output power past value and output power present value of the generator 3.
  • the rotational speed past present value detection means 18 is a means for detecting the rotational speed past value and the rotational speed current value of the generator 3 from a rotation detector (not shown) provided in the generator 3.
  • the rotational speed past value and the rotational speed current value may be the rotational speed at the time of the most recent sampling and the previous sampling, as with the output voltage past value and the output voltage current value.
  • the rotational speed past present value storage means 19 is means for storing the detected rotational speed past value and rotational speed current value of the generator 3.
  • the difference power calculation means 20 is a means for calculating the difference power ⁇ P of the output power past value of the generator 3 and the output power present value stored in the power past present value storage means 19.
  • the differential rotational speed computing means 13 is a means for computing the differential rotational speed ⁇ N of the output rotational speed past value of the generator 3 and the output rotational speed present value stored in the rotational speed past present value storage means 19.
  • the stall determination unit 22 is a unit that determines whether or not the vehicle is in a stall condition based on whether or not a stall boundary condition defined by the difference power ⁇ P and the difference rotational speed ⁇ N is satisfied. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, a judgment curve a showing the relationship between the difference power ⁇ P and the difference rotation speed ⁇ N, as shown in FIG. It is divided by b. The determination curves a and b are not one determination curve d as in the example of FIG. The stall determination curve a is a curve determined to determine that a stall occurs when the difference power ⁇ P is increased and / or when the differential rotation speed ⁇ N is decreased.
  • the return determination curve b is a curve that is determined to determine non-stall when the difference power ⁇ P decreases and / or when the difference rotation speed ⁇ N increases.
  • a stall boundary region C of the hysteresis region is a region between the two curves a and b.
  • the load reducing / releasing means 23 is means for reducing or releasing the load power of the generator 3 when the stall determining means 22 determines that the vehicle is stalled. Specifically, the load reducing / releasing means 23 reduces the duty of the converter 10 by opening / closing the switching means 12 through the gate circuit 15, or keeps the switching means 12 open to reduce or release the load power. Do.
  • FIG. 5 shows the flow of the stall corresponding control in the hydraulic power generation system of the above configuration.
  • This figure shows the flow of control processing performed by the stall corresponding control means 14 of FIG.
  • the control process of FIG. 6 is repeated each time the MPPT control goes to search for an operating point.
  • the rotational speed past value and rotational speed current value of the generator 3 are detected in the rotational speed detection process (S1), and the output electric power past value and output electric power current value of the generator 3 are detected in the power detection process (S2) I do.
  • the detected rotational speed past value (previous value N0) and rotational speed present value (N1), and output power past value (previous value P0) and output power present value (P1) are respectively the rotational speed storing process ( In the step S3) and the power storage process (S4), the rotational speed past present value storage means 19 and the power past present value storage means 17 are stored. The stored contents are updated every control cycle.
  • the stall determination means 22 determines whether or not the calculated differential rotation speed ⁇ N and the difference power ⁇ satisfy the predetermined stall boundary condition.
  • the control process ends.
  • the load reducing / releasing process (S8), the load reducing / releasing means 23 extends the time for opening the switching means 12 via the gate circuit 15 or keeps the opening open. Reduce or release the load power of machine 3
  • the water turbine 1 When the maximum power point is followed by the MPPT control by the control device 4 in the hydroelectric power generation system, the water turbine 1 may be in a stalled state, which causes a significant decrease in the generated power.
  • the control device 4 by determining the stall condition with the control device 4 and reducing or releasing the load power, it is possible to bring about the normal power generation state. This makes it possible to obtain a large amount of generated power.
  • a stall judgment area A for judging as stall and a non-stall judging area B for judging as non-stall is divided by two judgment curves a and b which show the relation of. That is, when the differential power decreases and / or the differential rotational speed increases, the determination curve determines that the vehicle is in the stall state when the differential power increases and / or the differential rotational speed decreases. And a return determination curve b for determining a non-stall state.
  • a stall boundary area C is formed as a hysteresis area between these curves.
  • the stall determination is performed even if the stall boundary area C is again exceeded the stall determination curve a due to reduction or release of the load power.
  • the return judgment curve b is exceeded to enter the non-stall judgment region B, it is judged that the vehicle is in the non-stall state. Therefore, hunting of the stall determination is prevented and control is stabilized.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
PCT/JP2018/043646 2017-11-28 2018-11-27 水力発電システムおよび制御方法 WO2019107375A1 (ja)

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JP2017227737A JP6955978B2 (ja) 2017-11-28 2017-11-28 水力発電システムおよび制御方法

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002062942A (ja) * 2000-08-22 2002-02-28 Sanyo Electric Industries Co Ltd 風力発電機による独立電源の制御装置
JP2003239843A (ja) * 2002-02-20 2003-08-27 Toyo Electric Mfg Co Ltd 風車により駆動される発電機の最大出力制御方法
JP2006034038A (ja) * 2004-07-20 2006-02-02 Toyo Electric Mfg Co Ltd 分散電源用発電装置

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5483901B2 (ja) 2009-02-26 2014-05-07 シンフォニアテクノロジー株式会社 風力発電システム、及び風力発電システムの失速制御方法
EP2495436B1 (en) 2010-06-16 2014-10-01 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Wind power generator control device and control method
JP2016185006A (ja) 2015-03-26 2016-10-20 株式会社明電舎 水力発電システムにおける切換装置

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002062942A (ja) * 2000-08-22 2002-02-28 Sanyo Electric Industries Co Ltd 風力発電機による独立電源の制御装置
JP2003239843A (ja) * 2002-02-20 2003-08-27 Toyo Electric Mfg Co Ltd 風車により駆動される発電機の最大出力制御方法
JP2006034038A (ja) * 2004-07-20 2006-02-02 Toyo Electric Mfg Co Ltd 分散電源用発電装置

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
SHIRASAKA, TAKASHI: "The stall control method for the Small Scale Wind Power Generation System", MASTER'S THESIS, 2008 *

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KR102639063B1 (ko) 2024-02-20
JP2019097367A (ja) 2019-06-20
JP6955978B2 (ja) 2021-10-27
KR20200092993A (ko) 2020-08-04

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