WO2019091544A1 - Appareils et procédés permettant de générer un signal apsk - Google Patents

Appareils et procédés permettant de générer un signal apsk Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019091544A1
WO2019091544A1 PCT/EP2017/078449 EP2017078449W WO2019091544A1 WO 2019091544 A1 WO2019091544 A1 WO 2019091544A1 EP 2017078449 W EP2017078449 W EP 2017078449W WO 2019091544 A1 WO2019091544 A1 WO 2019091544A1
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Prior art keywords
digital signal
communication apparatus
constellation
circle
signal points
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PCT/EP2017/078449
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English (en)
Inventor
Paul FERRAND
Valerio BIOGLIO
Marco MASO
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
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Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Priority to CN201780092801.7A priority Critical patent/CN110832818A/zh
Priority to EP17797606.5A priority patent/EP3665883A1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2017/078449 priority patent/WO2019091544A1/fr
Publication of WO2019091544A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019091544A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
    • H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of wireless communication. More specifically, the present invention relates to a transmitter communication apparatus and a receiver communication apparatus as well as corresponding methods for generating a modulated signal.
  • communication systems are broadly employed for high-rate point-to-point wireless communication links and for optical fiber communications.
  • the frequency tone is classically modulated in phase and amplitude— or equivalently in the real and imaginary domain of a complex representation of the phase and amplitude.
  • the number of possible values for a modulation scheme is usually finite so as to make decoding tractable.
  • Common constellations come from square quadrature amplitude modulations (QAM) which form the vast majority of constellation families used in practical systems, due in particular to their practical labeling properties and decoding simplicity.
  • Figure 8 illustrates a classical constellation used in such systems.
  • the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the QAM constellation greatly increases as the number of points in the constellation grows, which in turns requires the power amplifiers in the transmitter to have a very wide dynamic range in order to accommodate the signals transmitted at both the constellation points closer to the center and the outermost ones. Since high-rate links employing such dense constellations also transmit with extremely high power, the cost of amplifiers supporting both the high power requirement and high dynamic range increases significantly.
  • the problem regarding the phase noise in QAM constellations can be avoided or compensated in some limited ways by using better oscillators, up to the point where the phase noise is not the dominant source of errors in the system, or applying more advanced protection of the information bits carried in the outer points of the QAM constellation. Both solutions may be employed concurrently, which is in fact considered by most actors in the related field at the time of application.
  • PAPR peak-to-average power ratio
  • Irregular Amplitude and Phase Shift Keying (APSK) constellations have been used in some applications and standards, especially Digital Video Broadcasting - Satellite - Second Generation (DVB-S2).
  • DVD-S2 Digital Video Broadcasting - Satellite - Second Generation
  • BICM bit- interleaved coded modulation
  • MCS modulation and coding schemes
  • MCS modulation and coding schemes
  • PAPR peak-to-average power ratio
  • the present invention relates to a transmitter communication apparatus and a receiver communication apparatus as well as corresponding methods for generating a modulated signal on the basis of a digital signal constellation. More specifically, embodiments of the invention provide a dense digital signal constellation which can be adapted to high phase noise and still has a low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR).
  • the constellations built upon the embodiments of the invention are called constant phase polar (CPP) constellations.
  • CPP constant phase polar
  • the digital signal points are arranged in concentric circles, wherein an angular distance between two adjacent signal points on any circle is constant. In other words, each circle carries the same number of digital signal points, and the latter are aligned on semi-lines starting from the center.
  • phase of each point in conventional Amplitude and Phase Shift Keying (APSK) constellations can take any value, which complicates the receiver design since a very large bit width is required at the Analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) and very precise slicing algorithms need to be devised at the receiver.
  • phase of the digital signal points in the first concentric circle in the constant phase polar (CPP) constellations can constrain the phase of the digital signal points in all the other concentric circles. This simplifies the designs of both the Analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) and the slicer.
  • the embodiments of the invention allow treating the amplitude modulation (AM) and phase modulation (PM) parts separately in order to guarantee that the power amplifier (PA) can always work with a finite number of constant envelope signals, improving its efficiency. Moreover, the embodiments of the invention also reduce the effect of non- linearity of the amplification even for higher values of low peak-to-average power ratios (PAPR).
  • PAPR peak-to-average power ratios
  • the constant phase polar (CPP) constellations according to the embodiments of the invention can be constructed in a fully scalable way. This allows obtaining
  • the constant phase polar (CPP) constellations allow constructing a set-partitioning of the digital signal points in a straightforward and scalable way to support multi-level coding. This provides high suitability for high data link applications, in which adoption of dense constellations is necessary.
  • the invention relates to a transmitter communication apparatus for communicating with a receiver communication apparatus via a communication channel.
  • the transmitter communication apparatus comprises: a processing unit configured to generate a stream of modulation symbols and map the modulation symbols to a digital signal constellation for generating a modulated signal, wherein the digital signal constellation comprises a plurality of digital signal points regularly spaced on at least two concentric circles having respective predetermined radii, wherein each circle has the same number of digital signal points and the digital signal points on each circle have the same phase with respect to the digital signal points on the other circles; and a communication interface configured to transmit the modulated signal via the communication channel to the receiver communication apparatus.
  • "regularly spaced on at least two concentric circles” means that the angular distance between two neighboring/adjacent digital signal points is constant.
  • the most inner circle has a radius r 0 and wherein the distance ⁇ between the radius of the next larger circle and the radius r 0 of the most inner circle is smaller than the radius r 0 of the most inner circle.
  • the plurality of digital signal points are equally spaced on at least three concentric circles and wherein the distance ⁇ between respective radii of respective circles is constant.
  • the processing unit is configured to determine the distance ⁇ between respective radii of respective circles so as to generate a constellation with unit power on the basis of the following equation:
  • the processing unit is configured to determine the radius r 0 of the most inner circle on the basis of the number of digital signal points per circle and white noise information.
  • the processing unit is further configured to map the modulation symbols to the digital signal constellation such that for each modulation symbol a first subset of the modulation symbol identifies the concentric circle the respective digital signal point is located on and a second subset of the modulation symbol identifies the phase or angle of the respective digital signal point.
  • the processing unit is further configured to adapt the digital signal constellation on the basis of information about the communication channel, in particular the power spectral density of white noise and phase noise.
  • the invention relates to a method of operating a transmitter communication apparatus for communicating with a receiver communication apparatus via a communication channel.
  • the method comprises: generating a stream of modulation symbols; mapping the modulation symbols to a digital signal constellation for generating a modulated signal, wherein the digital signal constellation comprises a plurality of digital signal points regularly spaced on at least two concentric circles having respective predetermined radii, wherein each circle has the same number of digital signal points and the digital signal points on each circle have the same phase with respect to the digital signal points on the other circles; and transmitting the modulated signal via the
  • an improved method of operating a transmitter communication apparatus is provided, allowing generating a modulated signal in an efficient and low-complex manner.
  • the invention relates to a receiver communication apparatus for communicating with a transmitter communication apparatus via a communication channel.
  • the receiver communication apparatus comprises: a communication interface configured to receive a modulated signal via the communication channel from the transmitter communication apparatus; and a processing unit configured to extract a plurality of modulation symbols from the modulated signal and to demap the plurality of modulation symbols to a digital signal constellation, wherein the digital signal constellation comprises a plurality of digital signal points regularly spaced on at least two concentric circles having respective predetermined radii, wherein each circle has the same number of digital signal points and the digital signal points on each circle have the same phase with respect to the digital signal points on the other circles.
  • the digital signal constellation comprises a plurality of digital signal points regularly spaced on at least two concentric circles having respective predetermined radii, wherein each circle has the same number of digital signal points and the digital signal points on each circle have the same phase with respect to the digital signal points on the other circles.
  • the processing unit is configured to demap the plurality of modulation symbols to the digital signal constellation by demapping for each modulation symbol a first subset of the modulation symbol for identifying the concentric circle the respective digital signal point is located on and a second subset of the modulation symbol for identifying the phase or angle of the respective digital signal point.
  • the invention relates to a method of operating a receiver communication apparatus for communicating with a transmitter communication apparatus via a communication channel.
  • the method comprises: receiving a modulated signal via the communication channel from the transmitter communication apparatus; extracting a plurality of modulation symbols from the modulated signal; and demapping the plurality of modulation symbols to a digital signal constellation, wherein the digital signal constellation comprises a plurality of digital signal points regularly spaced on at least two concentric circles having respective predetermined radii, wherein each circle has the same number of digital signal points and the digital signal points on each circle have the same phase with respect to the digital signal points on the other circles.
  • the invention relates to a computer program comprising program code for performing the method of the second aspect or the method of the fourth aspect when executed on a computer.
  • the invention can be implemented in hardware and/or software.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a communication network according to an embodiment
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of an exemplary constant phase polar constellation generated by a communication apparatus according to an embodiment
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram illustrating a procedure for generating a modulated signal according to an embodiment
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of an exemplary multi-level set partitioning and labeling for a constant phase polar constellation generated by a communication apparatus according to an embodiment
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison of bit error rate between a constant phase polar constellation according to an embodiment and a quadrature amplitude modulation constellation
  • Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram illustrating a method of operating a transmitter communication apparatus according to an embodiment
  • Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram illustrating a method of operating a receiver communication apparatus according to an embodiment
  • Figure 8 shows a state-of-the-art Quadrature Amplitude Modulation constellation.
  • corresponding device may include a unit to perform the described method step, even if such unit is not explicitly described or illustrated in the figures.
  • embodiments with different functional blocks or processing units are described, which are connected with each other or exchange signals. It will be appreciated that the present invention covers embodiments as well, which include additional functional blocks or processing units that are arranged between the functional blocks or processing units of the embodiments described below.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a communication network 100 comprising a transmitter communication apparatus 101 according to an embodiment and a receiver communication apparatus 131 according to an embodiment, wherein the transmitter communication apparatus 101 and the receiver communication apparatus 131 can communicate with each other via a communication channel.
  • the transmitter communication apparatus 101 comprises a processing unit 105 and a communication interface 103, wherein the processing unit 105 is configured to generate a stream of modulation symbols and map the modulation symbols to a digital signal constellation for generating a modulated signal and the communication interface 103 is configured to transmit the modulated signal via the communication channel to the receiver communication apparatus 131 .
  • the receiver communication apparatus 131 in figure 1 also comprises a processing unit 135 and a communication interface 133.
  • the communication interface 133 of the receiver communication apparatus 131 is configured to receive the modulated signal via the communication channel from the transmitter communication apparatus 101. After receiving the modulated signal, the processing unit 135 of the receiver
  • the communication apparatus 131 is configured to extract a plurality of modulation symbols from the modulated signal and to demap the plurality of modulation symbols to the digital signal constellation.
  • the digital signal constellation generated by the transmitter communication apparatus 101 or the receiver communication apparatus 131 above is called constant phase polar (CPP) constellation.
  • the processing unit 105 of the transmitter communication apparatus 101 or the processing unit 135 of the receiver communication apparatus 131 is configured to adapt the digital signal constellation on the basis of information about the communication channel, in particular white noise and phase noise.
  • the digital signal constellation i.e. the constant phase polar (CPP) constellation, comprises a plurality of digital signal points (also referred to as constellation points hereafter) regularly spaced on at least two concentric circles having respective
  • each concentric circle has the same number of digital signal points and the digital signal points on each circle have the same phase with respect to the digital signal points on the other circles.
  • "regularly spaced on at least two concentric circles” means that the angular distance between two neighboring/adjacent digital signal points is constant.
  • the radius of the most inner circle can be determined on the basis of the number of digital signal points per circle and white noise information, and the distance between the radius of the next larger circle and the radius of the most inner circle is smaller than the radius of the most inner circle.
  • the construction of the constant phase polar (CPP) constellation will be discussed in more details further below.
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of an exemplary constant phase polar (CPP) constellation 200 generated by a transmitter communication apparatus 101 or a receiver communication apparatus 131 according to an embodiment, wherein the constant phase polar (CPP) constellation 200, by way of example, comprises 4 concentric circles and 64 digital signal points per concentric circle.
  • the constellation power is normalized to 1 for simplicity.
  • the distance between two adjacent concentric circles is set to D.
  • Such constellation is called as (N, K, D)-CPP constellation, as can be seen in figure 2.
  • each digital signal point can be identified by a couple of independent parameters, namely its distance from the origin (hereafter also referred to as radius ⁇ and its angular distance from a reference line, e.g. the x axis on a Cartesian plane (hereafter also referred to as angle).
  • a reference line e.g. the x axis on a Cartesian plane
  • AM amplitude modulation
  • PM phase modulation
  • a CPP-based signal can be obtained as the composition of K constant envelope phase-modulated signals, thanks to the fact that the digital signal points of the constant phase polar (CPP) constellation share the same radius in groups of K and angle in groups of N.
  • CPP constant phase polar
  • This offers several important advantages as follows: firstly, a very structured but fully scalar constellation can be provided, in which no constraint is imposed on the parameterm log 2 M. Secondly, the power amplifier (PA) is guaranteed to always work with a finite number of constant envelope signals, improving its efficiency. Thirdly, an arbitrary reduction of the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) can be allowed by reducing the constant distance between the radii of the concentric circles.
  • PAPR peak-to-average power ratio
  • the embodiments of the invention are characterized by the following innovative steps: first of all, a novel constellation design is provided, allowing an arbitrarily low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), arbitrary robustness to phase noise, digital signal points identified by a couple of independent parameters that can be treated separately to guarantee low-complexity mapping and demapping operations, and scalability as well as flexibility in terms of the number of constellation points to support advanced modulation and coding schemes (MCS).
  • PAPR peak-to-average power ratio
  • MCS modulation and coding schemes
  • a novel low-complexity mapper is provided, wherein the independence of the two aforementioned parameters can be used to provide scalable supports to multi-level coding (MLC) approaches. Also, a novel low-complexity demapper is also provided, wherein the independence of the two aforementioned parameters is used to simplify the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) calculation and to yield low-complexity soft-demapping operation, whose complexity does not depend on the constellation size.
  • LLR log-likelihood ratio
  • the constellation power is normalized to 1 for simplicity.
  • the constellation requires unitary power, which is obtained by leaving the parameter r 0 free and defining
  • a total number T of modulation symbols can be encoded and decoded together. This corresponds to transmission of TX M bits.
  • a multi-level code is designed across the modulation symbols to improve the transmission capability. More specifically, a Q error correcting code Ci (T, Di) for 1 ⁇ i ⁇ Q can be used in parallel and each code can output a bit sequence of length T and for each input sequence of length D t .
  • the rate design of those codes i.e. how to choose their dimensions D t , will be discussed in more details further below.
  • every time when a string x comprising D information bits has to be transmitted these bits can be divided into Q bit strings x lt ... , x Q comprising D lt ... , D Q bits respectively, and each string x t is then encoded using the relative code C obtaining m codewords c 1( ... , c Q of length T.
  • the codewords are re-arranged as rows of a Q x T binary matrix Y.
  • the T transmitted symbols are selected as the columns of matrix Y.
  • the labeling can be performed in a radial and angular domain separately.
  • a total number M 2 m of constellation points (i.e. digital signal points) are mapped into a modulation symbol comprising strings of m bits.
  • the m bits corresponding to a constellation point can be divided into two parts, namely the first part of n bits and the second part of k bits, identifying the radius and the angle of the constellation point respectively.
  • the first subset of the modulation symbol identifies the concentric circle the respective digital signal point is located on and a second subset of the modulation symbol identifies the phase or angle of the respective digital signal point.
  • the constellation labeling is based on the multi-level paradigm, aiming to demap constellation points, i.e. digital signal points, bit by bit sequentially.
  • the point P ⁇ e j ® 1 is the representation of the string of bit b ... b n b n+1 ... b m , where b ... b n is given by the binary representation of the integer i in n digits and b n+1 ... b m is given by the binary representation of the integer I in k digits.
  • an exemplary multi-level set partitioning and labeling for a constant phase polar (CPP) constellation is shown in figure 4, wherein labeling a constellation point can be decomposed into a radial domain 401 and an angular domain 402 in which the radius and the angle of the constellation point can be identified respectively.
  • a digital signal point P r 3 ⁇ e j ® 6 corresponds to the string 0110110 in figure 4.
  • noise modeling a basic discrete point-to-point transmission model affected by both white noise and phase noise is considered.
  • r z Given the nature of the channel noise, r z only depends on the white noise and is distributed according to the Gaussian distribution r z ⁇ Norm (0, ⁇ ). The formulation of the angular component distribution is more complex, since it is affected by both the white and the phase noise. However, it is possible to approximate it with a Gaussian distribution as
  • the radial domain has to be decoded first and the result is used to decode the angular domain.
  • LLRs log-likelihood ratios
  • LLR log-likelihood ratio
  • the log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) are calculated bit-by-bit in a sequential order on the basis of the received signal and the previously decoded bits.
  • log-likelihood ratio (LLR) can be expressed in terms of wrapped normal distribution as
  • LLRs log-likelihood ratios
  • the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) calculation can be independent on the number of constellation points using wrapped normal distributions for LLRs approximation. Accordingly, an additional simplification can be performed by approximating the wrapped normal distribution with a von Mises distribution: let ⁇ be the concentration parameter of the von Mises distribution used to approximate such wrapped normal distribution, and / formulate( ⁇ ) be the modified Bessel function of first kind of order n, then the simplified low- complexity log-likelihood ratio (LLR) of the bit i can be computed as:
  • the auxiliary function can be computed offline and tabulated to speed up the calculation. It is worth noting that the result above shows that the complexity of the demapper does not increase with the number of the constellation points, when the demapper is operated in soft-decoding mode.
  • demapping begins.
  • the first n bits, belonging to the radial domain, are initially decoded.
  • the result of the decoding is the string x .
  • This string is then re-encoded through the code C to obtain the codeword c , which will be used to calculate y 2 and ⁇ 2 .
  • This procedure of calculating the LLRs using previously decoded bit, decoding of a row and cancellation of the decoded bit for next level is repeated until all the bits of the radial domain are decoded.
  • the decoding of the angular domain proceeds in a similar way, however using a different value of ⁇ for every symbol, calculated on the basis of the radius of the ring calculated in the first part of the demapping. At the end of the process, T constellation points are obtained.
  • figure 5 shows a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison of bit error rates (BER) between the constant phase polar (CPP) constellation and the conventional quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation as a function of a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
  • BER bit error rates
  • QAM quadrature amplitude modulation
  • bit error rates (BER) of the constant phase polar (CPP) constellation are calculated with respect to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in both coded and uncoded cases under strong phase noise, which are denoted by dashed lines and solid lines in figure 5 respectively.
  • SNR signal-to-noise ratio
  • QAM quadrature amplitude modulation
  • the constant phase polar (CPP) constellation outperforms the quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation even without the multi-level coding, as indicated by the solid lines. This is due to the fact that the quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation is not built to handle strong phase noise.
  • the bit error rate of the constant phase polar (CPP) constellation plunges sharply as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
  • SNR signal-to-noise ratio
  • Figure 6 shows a flow diagram illustrating a corresponding method 600 for operating the transmitter communication apparatus 101 .
  • the method 600 comprises the steps of:
  • Figure 7 shows a flow diagram illustrating a corresponding method 700 for operating the receiver communication apparatus 131.
  • the method 700 comprises the steps of: receiving 701 a modulated signal via the communication channel from the transmitter
  • the communication apparatus 101 extracting 703 a plurality of modulation symbols from the modulated signal; and demapping 705 the plurality of modulation symbols to a digital signal constellation, wherein the digital signal constellation comprises a plurality of digital signal points regularly spaced on at least two concentric circles having respective predetermined radii, wherein each circle has the same number of digital signal points and the digital signal points on each circle have the same phase with respect to the digital signal points on the other circles. While a particular feature or aspect of the disclosure may have been disclosed with respect to only one of several implementations or embodiments, such feature or aspect may be combined with one or more other features or aspects of the other implementations or embodiments as may be desired and advantageous for any given or particular application.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de communication émetteur (101) permettant de communiquer avec un appareil de communication récepteur (131) par l'intermédiaire d'un canal de communication. L'appareil de communication émetteur (101) comprend : une unité de traitement (105) configurée pour générer un flux de symboles de modulation et mapper les symboles de modulation à une constellation de signaux numériques pour générer un signal modulé, la constellation de signaux numériques comprenant une pluralité de points de signaux numériques régulièrement espacés sur au moins deux cercles concentriques comportant des rayons prédéterminés respectifs, chaque cercle comportant le même nombre de points de signaux numériques et les points de signaux numériques sur chaque cercle comportant la même phase par rapport aux points de signaux numériques sur les autres cercles ; et une interface de communication (103) configuré pour transmettre le signal modulé par l'intermédiaire du canal de communication à l'appareil de communication récepteur (131). L'invention concerne également un appareil récepteur (131) correspondant comprenant une unité de traitement (135) et une interface de communication (133) permettant de communiquer avec l'appareil de communication émetteur (101).
PCT/EP2017/078449 2017-11-07 2017-11-07 Appareils et procédés permettant de générer un signal apsk WO2019091544A1 (fr)

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CN201780092801.7A CN110832818A (zh) 2017-11-07 2017-11-07 用于生成apsk信号的设备和方法
EP17797606.5A EP3665883A1 (fr) 2017-11-07 2017-11-07 Appareils et procédés permettant de générer un signal apsk
PCT/EP2017/078449 WO2019091544A1 (fr) 2017-11-07 2017-11-07 Appareils et procédés permettant de générer un signal apsk

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FR3109044A1 (fr) * 2020-04-07 2021-10-08 Orange Procédé de télécommunication avec constellations polaires et dispositifs correspondant
WO2021205112A1 (fr) * 2020-04-07 2021-10-14 Orange Procédé de télécommunication avec constellations polaires et dispositifs correspondant
FR3116169A1 (fr) * 2020-11-10 2022-05-13 Orange Procédé de télécommunication avec codage binaire à symboles à répétition et dispositifs correspondants
US20230318900A1 (en) * 2022-03-29 2023-10-05 Qualcomm Incorporated Adaptation of amplitude and phase shift keying (apsk) modulation
WO2023192714A1 (fr) * 2022-03-29 2023-10-05 Qualcomm Incorporated Adaptation de modulation par déplacement de phase et d'amplitude (apsk)
CN115333905A (zh) * 2022-10-12 2022-11-11 南通中泓网络科技有限公司 一种信号调制方式识别方法
CN115333905B (zh) * 2022-10-12 2023-01-03 南通中泓网络科技有限公司 一种信号调制方式识别方法
CN116527120A (zh) * 2023-06-30 2023-08-01 北京融为科技有限公司 基于卫星通信的信号映射方法及装置
CN116527120B (zh) * 2023-06-30 2023-11-14 北京融为科技有限公司 基于卫星通信的信号映射方法及装置

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