WO2019091254A1 - 一种高密度高能量乳化炸药 - Google Patents

一种高密度高能量乳化炸药 Download PDF

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WO2019091254A1
WO2019091254A1 PCT/CN2018/109935 CN2018109935W WO2019091254A1 WO 2019091254 A1 WO2019091254 A1 WO 2019091254A1 CN 2018109935 W CN2018109935 W CN 2018109935W WO 2019091254 A1 WO2019091254 A1 WO 2019091254A1
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parts
density
emulsion explosive
weight
oil
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PCT/CN2018/109935
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French (fr)
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罗宁
曹银梅
杨维好
马占国
靖洪文
迟平
鲍传奇
王枚
方志梅
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中国矿业大学
安徽江南化工股份有限公司宁国分公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
    • C06B31/28—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of emulsion explosives, and in particular to a high-density high-energy emulsion explosive.
  • Emulsion explosive refers to a kind of water-in-oil emulsion type water-resistant industrial explosive prepared by emulsification technology.
  • the emulsion explosive is a fine droplet of oxidant aqueous solution as a dispersed phase, and then contains dispersed bubbles or hollow glass microspheres or other porosity.
  • a special water-in-oil emulsifying system is formed, which is a kind of waterproof type latex explosive which is widely used in open-pit mining engineering and underwater blasting engineering.
  • the density of the currently used emulsion explosives is generally 1.10 ⁇ 1.40g/cm 3 , the detonation speed is 4000-5500m/s, and the intensity is generally 12- 17mm, the blasting distance is 3-7cm, and the functional force is greater than 300mL. Due to the characteristics of the blasting project and the limitations of the environment, due to the suppression of the medium and deep holes and the buoyancy and pressure of the underwater blasting water, it is often difficult to start, difficult to install, difficult to fix, etc. In order to solve the above existing problems, The invention has developed a high density (greater than 2.0 g/cm 3 ), high energy emulsion explosive and a preparation method thereof.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an emulsion explosive for deep hole blasting and underwater blasting in a high density, high energy density open pit mine and a preparation method thereof, and the emulsion explosive prepared by the invention has a high density. , explosion heat, power, high energy density, can better meet the requirements of deep hole blasting mining and underwater special blasting engineering in open pit mines.
  • a high-density high-energy emulsion explosive comprising 66-85 parts by weight of an aqueous phase, 28-35 parts by weight of an oil phase, and 5-10 parts by weight of an additive
  • the aqueous phase comprising the following Parts by weight: 20-28 parts of ammonium nitrate, 4-8 parts of perchlorate, 20-28 parts of nitro metal salt, 3-6 parts of thiourea, 5-18 parts of water
  • the oil phase includes the following Parts by weight: 6E parts of PCE, 8-15 parts of Span 80 or 6-10 parts of T155, 2-8 parts of waste oil or 2-8 parts of motor oil, 2-8 parts of composite wax or 2-8 parts of paraffin wax.
  • the high density high energy emulsion explosive includes a sensitizer and an emulsifier.
  • the emulsifier is PCE, Span 80, T155.
  • the additive includes methylamine nitrate, sodium nitrite, expanded perlite, and a foaming agent.
  • the perchlorate is ammonium perchlorate.
  • the high-density high-energy emulsion explosive has a density of not less than 2.0 g/cm 3 , a detonation speed of not less than 5000 m/s, a pulsation of not less than 17 mm, and a blasting distance of not less than 8 cm.
  • the invention also discloses a preparation method of a high-density high-energy emulsion explosive, comprising the following steps:
  • aqueous phase mixing parts by weight of ammonium nitrate, nitro metal salt and water to obtain a mixed solution, then adding parts by weight of perchlorate and thiourea to the mixed solution, and controlling the temperature at 100-120 ° C to make the material Dissolve and stir to obtain an aqueous phase;
  • Oil phase preparation Take PCE and Span80, or PCE and T155, and control the temperature at 80-110 °C, then add the parts of the waste oil or engine oil, compound wax or paraffin in order, and stir well to obtain the oil phase;
  • aqueous phase and the oil phase prepared in steps 2) and 3), respectively are emulsified in an emulsified tank to form an emulsified matrix according to the above-mentioned parts by weight, and then the component by weight is added to the emulsified matrix to control the pH value of 6- 9.
  • the emulsifier is added and controlled in an amount of 5-18% by weight based on the total mixture, and in order to meet different sensitization requirements, a sensitizer added to the total mixture in an amount of 4-9% by weight is appropriately adjusted.
  • the high-density high-energy emulsion explosive of the present invention is based on the preferred source material component, and the W/O type emulsion according to A.
  • Gold (K) is based on the theory of electrolyte stability, and the present invention considers the main factors affecting the type of emulsion explosive. - the strength and tightness of the interface film.
  • a perchlorate, a nitro metal salt, and a thiourea component are added to the preferred component source in the aqueous phase, and the oil phase material is used to ensure the coating oil film.
  • Thickness and tightness preferably PCE, T155, Span80, waste recycling oil (environmental protection and reducing the cost of explosives) and special paraffin, etc.
  • concentration of emulsifier is also very important, in order to form a three-dimensional interactive continuous oil film,
  • the multi-component oil phase is more fully coated with the high-density aqueous phase particles under the action of the emulsifier, so that the higher density emulsion of the electrolyte aqueous phase is stabilized and the interfacial tension is also lowered, and a suitable emulsification is selected.
  • Agents and sensitizers in order to ensure the detonation sensitivity and blasting performance in medium and deep hole blasting and underwater blasting engineering.
  • the preparation method of the high-density high-energy emulsion explosive described by the invention has certain viscosity, dispersibility and plasticity, can be automatically transported and metered, and can prepare different varieties according to different requirements for packaging and meeting different working conditions. , a series of emulsion explosives.
  • the invention provides a low-density of traditional emulsion explosives by adding a certain mass ratio of nitro metal salt, environmentally friendly oil phase material and certain additive materials to the special environment of deep hole blasting and underwater blasting engineering in open pit mine.
  • the bottleneck improves the structural composition, explosive properties and storage period of the explosive, while increasing the mass density (not less than 2.0 g/cm 3 ) and energy density per unit volume of explosive.
  • the invention has the advantages of good explosive performance, high density, high energy density and good plasticity.
  • Example 1 1 kg of ammonium nitrate, 0.5 kg of ammonium perchlorate, 1 kg of lanthanum nitrate, 0.7 kg of thiourea, and 2-3 kg of water were used, and the temperature was controlled at 100-120 ° C to prepare an aqueous phase solution. Then, PCE 0.3 kg and Span 80 0.2 kg, oil 0.4 kg, paraffin 0.3 kg, and heated to 110-120 ° C were taken to prepare an oil phase solution.
  • the aqueous phase solution and the oil phase solution are added into the emulsified tank, and 0.15-0.25 kg of emulsifier is added to be uniformly mixed, and finally emulsified to form a viscous emulsion explosive matrix, and finally 0.2-0.5 kg is added to meet different engineering requirements.
  • the sensitizer obtains a high density, high energy emulsion explosive.
  • Example 2 1 kg of ammonium nitrate, 0.8 kg of ammonium perchlorate, 1 kg of lead nitrate, 0.5 kg of urea, 3-4 kg of water, and a complete control temperature of 110-130 ° C were dissolved to prepare an aqueous phase solution. Then, Takean 80 0.3 kg, T155 0.4 kg, oil 0.3 kg, composite wax 0.4 kg, and heated to 110-120 ° C, to make a uniform oil phase solution.
  • aqueous phase solution and the oil phase solution are added into the emulsified tank, and 0.15-0.25 kg of emulsifier is added to be uniformly mixed, and finally emulsified to form a viscous emulsion explosive matrix, and finally 0.4-0.7 kg is added to meet different engineering requirements.
  • the additive obtains a high density, high energy emulsion explosive.
  • Example 3 1 kg of ammonium nitrate, 0.6 kg of ammonium perchlorate, 1 kg of lanthanum nitrate, 3-4 kg of water, and 0.8 kg of thiourea were prepared, and the temperature was 110-130 ° C to be completely dissolved to prepare an aqueous phase solution. Then, PCE 0.6 kg, T155 0.3 kg, 0.4 kg of waste oil, 0.4 kg of composite wax, and heated to 110-120 ° C were taken to prepare a uniform oil phase solution.
  • aqueous phase solution and the oil phase solution are added into the emulsified tank, and 0.15-0.25 kg of emulsifier is added to be uniformly mixed, and finally emulsified to form a viscous emulsion explosive matrix, and finally 0.4-0.7 kg is added to meet different engineering requirements.
  • the additive obtains a high density, high energy emulsion explosive.
  • Example 4 1 kg of ammonium nitrate, 8 kg of ammonium perchlorate, 1 kg of ferric nitrate, 1 kg of urea, and 3-4 kg of water were used, and the temperature was controlled at 100-120 ° C to prepare an aqueous phase solution. Then take PCE 0.9 kg, T155 0.4 kg, oil 0.4 kg, compound wax 0.3 kg, and heat to 110-120 ° C to make a uniform oil phase solution. Finally, the aqueous phase solution and the oil phase solution are added into the emulsified tank, and 0.15-0.25 kg of emulsifier is added to be uniformly mixed, and finally emulsified to form a viscous emulsion explosive matrix. Finally, 0.4-0.7 kg of additives are added to meet different engineering requirements. Obtain high-density, high-energy emulsion explosives.
  • the invention has high density, hot heat, high power and high energy density, and can better meet the requirements of deep hole blasting mining and underwater special blasting engineering in open pit mines.

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

一种高密度高能量乳化炸药，包括66-85重量份的水相、28-35重量份的油相和5-10重量份的添加剂，所述水相包括如下重量份的组分：硝酸铵20-28份、高氯酸盐4-8份、硝基金属盐20-28份、硫脲3-6份、水5-18份，所述油相包括如下重量份的组分：PCE 6-14份、Span80 8-15份或T155 6-10份、地沟油2-8份或机油2-8份、复合蜡2-8份或石蜡2-8份。该乳化炸药具有较高的密度、爆热、威力，能量密度高，可以更好的满足露天矿中深孔爆破开采和水下特种爆破工程的要求。

Description

一种高密度高能量乳化炸药 技术领域
本发明属于乳化炸药技术领域，具体是指一种高密度高能量乳化炸药。
背景技术
乳化炸药泛指一类用乳化技术制备的油包水乳胶型抗水工业炸药，通常乳化炸药是以氧化剂水溶液的微细液滴为分散相，悬浮再含有分散气泡或空心玻璃微球或其他多孔性材料的似油类物质构成的连续介质中，形成一种油包水型的特殊乳化体系，是一类露天矿业工程和水下爆破工程领域应用非常广泛的防水型的乳胶炸药。目前针对露天矿开采中深孔爆破工程和水下爆破炸礁工程，当前主要采用的乳化炸药的密度一般在1.10～1.40g/cm 3，爆速在4000-5500m/s，猛度一般在12-17mm，殉爆距离3-7cm，做功能力大于300mL。由于爆破工程的特点及环境的限制，往往由于中深孔的压制及水下爆破水压浮力、压力等原因，往往造成起爆难、安装难、固定难等问题，为解决上述现有难题，本发明开发了一种高密度(大于2.0g/cm 3)、高能量乳化炸药及其制备方法。
发明内容
针对上述现有难题，本发明的目的在于提供一种高密度、高能量密度露天矿山中深孔爆破及水下爆破专用的乳化炸药及其制备方法，本发明制备的乳化炸药具有较高的密度、爆热、威力，能量密度高，可以更好的满足露天矿中深孔爆破开采和水下特种爆破工程的要求。
本发明采用的技术方案如下：一种高密度高能量乳化炸药，包括66-85重量份的水相、28-35重量份的油相和5-10重量份的添加剂，所述水相包括如下重量份的组分：硝酸铵20-28份、高氯酸盐4-8份、硝基金属盐20-28份、硫脲3-6份、水5-18份，所述油相包括如下重量份的组分：PCE 6-14份、Span80 8-15份或T155 6-10份、地沟油2-8份或机油2-8份、复合蜡2-8份或石蜡2-8份。
进一步地，所述高密度高能量乳化炸药包括敏化剂和乳化剂。
作为优选地，所述乳化剂为PCE、Span80、T155。
进一步地，所述添加剂包括甲胺硝酸盐、亚硝酸钠、膨胀珍珠岩和发泡剂。
作为优选地，所述高氯酸盐为高氯酸铵。
进一步地，所述高密度高能量乳化炸药的密度不小于2.0g/cm 3，爆速不低于5000m/s，猛度不小于17mm，殉爆距离不小于8cm。
本发明还公开了一种高密度高能量乳化炸药的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1)按照组分的重量份比称取各组分；
2)水相制备：取重量份的硝酸铵、硝基金属盐、水混合得混合溶液，然后将重量份的高氯酸盐和硫 脲加入混合溶液中，控制温度在100-120℃使物料溶化并搅拌均匀得水相；
3)油相制备：取重量份的PCE和Span80，或PCE和T155，控制温度在80-110℃，然后依次加入重量份的地沟油或机油、复合蜡或石蜡，充分搅拌均匀得油相；
4)将步骤2)和3)分别制备的水相和油相按照上述重量份比例，在乳化罐体中乳化形成乳化基质，再将重量份的添加剂加入乳化基质中，控制pH值为6-9，加入并控制乳化剂占总混合物的重量百分比为5-18％，同时为了满足不同的敏化要求，适当调整加入占总混合物的重量百分比为4-9％的敏化剂。
采用上述方案本发明取得有益效果如下：
本发明高密度高能量乳化炸药通过优选源材组分，根据A.金(K)曾指出的W/O型乳化液基于电解质稳定性理论，本发明考虑了影响该类型乳化炸药的主要因素——界面膜的强度和紧密程度等。为了设计出高密度、高能量的乳化炸药组分，水相中优选组分源材添加了高氯酸盐、硝基金属盐和硫脲组分，油相材料中为了保证包覆层油膜的厚度和紧密程度，优选了PCE、T155、Span80、废物再利用的油类(环保并且降低炸药成本)和专用的石蜡等，同时考虑乳化剂的浓度也非常重要，为了形成立体交互连续的油膜，多组分的油相在乳化剂作用下更加充分的包覆组高密度的水相颗粒，从而使得电解质水相较高密度的乳化液加稳定、同时也降低了界面张力，选用了合适的乳化剂和敏化剂，为了保障在中深孔爆破和水下爆破工程中起爆感度和传爆性能。
本发明所描述的高密度高能量乳化炸药制备方法，其具有一定的粘性、流散性、可塑性，可以采用自动化输送和计量，而且能够根据不同的需求包装和满足不同工况的需求来制备不同品种的、系列乳化炸药。
本发明针对露天矿山中深孔爆破和水下爆破工程特殊环境，提供了一种以加入一定质量比例的硝基金属盐、环保的油相材料及一定添加剂材料，冲破了传统乳化炸药的低密度的瓶颈，改善了炸药的结构组成、爆炸性能和储存周期，同时提高了单位体积炸药的质量密度(不小于2.0g/cm 3)和能量密度。本发明具有炸药爆炸性能好、密度较高、能量密度高、可塑性好等优点
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1，取硝酸铵1千克、高氯酸铵0.5千克、硝酸铈1千克、硫脲0.7千克、水2-3千克，控制温度100-120℃溶解完全，制成水相溶液。然后取PCE0.3千克和Span80 0.2千克、机油0.4千克、石蜡0.3千克，加热至110-120℃，制成油相溶液。然后将水相溶液和油相溶液加入乳化罐体中，同时加入0.15-0.25千克的乳化剂混合均匀，最终乳化形成粘稠状的乳化炸药基质，最后为了满足不同的工程需求加入0.2-0.5千克的敏化剂获得高密度高能量的乳化炸药。
实施例2，取硝酸铵1千克、高氯酸铵0.8千克、硝酸铅1千克、尿素0.5千克、水3-4千克，控制温度110-130℃溶解完全，制成水相溶液。然后取Span80 0.3千克、T155 0.4千克、机油0.3千克、复合蜡0.4千克，加热至110-120℃，制成均匀的油相溶液。最后将水相溶液和油相溶液加入乳化罐体中，同时加入0.15-0.25千克的乳化剂混合均匀，最终乳化形成粘稠状的乳化炸药基质，最后为了满足不同的工程需求加入0.4-0.7千克添加剂获得高密度高能量的乳化炸药。
实施例3，取硝酸铵1千克、高氯酸铵0.6千克、硝酸钡1千克、水3-4千克、硫脲0.8千克，控制温度110-130℃溶解完全，制成水相溶液。然后取PCE 0.6千克、T155 0.3千克、地沟油0.4千克、复合蜡0.4千克，加热至110-120℃，制成均匀的油相溶液。最后将水相溶液和油相溶液加入乳化罐体中，同时加入0.15-0.25千克的乳化剂混合均匀，最终乳化形成粘稠状的乳化炸药基质，最后为了满足不同的工程需求加入0.4-0.7千克添加剂获得高密度高能量的乳化炸药。
实施例4，取硝酸铵1千克、高氯酸铵8千克、硝酸铁1千克、尿素1千克、水3-4千克，控制温度100-120℃溶解完全，制成水相溶液。然后取PCE 0.9千克、T155 0.4千克、机油0.4千克，复合蜡0.3千克，加热至110-120℃，制成均匀的油相溶液。最后将水相溶液和油相溶液加入乳化罐体中，同时加入0.15-0.25千克乳化剂混合均匀，最终乳化形成粘稠状的乳化炸药基质，最后为了满足不同的工程需求加入0.4-0.7千克添加剂获得高密度高能量的乳化炸药。
上述四种实施例的取样测试获得的结果数值如下表1所示：
表1上述四种实施例的取样测试获得的结果数值
Figure PCTCN2018109935-appb-000001
由上述数值可知，本发明具有较高的密度、爆热、威力，能量密度高，可以更好的满足露天矿中深孔爆破开采和水下特种爆破工程的要求。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其它相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种高密度高能量乳化炸药，其特征在于，包括66-85重量份的水相、28-35重量份的油相和5-10重量份的添加剂，所述水相包括如下重量份的组分：硝酸铵20-28份、高氯酸盐4-8份、硝基金属盐20-28份、硫脲3-6份、水5-18份，所述油相包括如下重量份的组分：PCE 6-14份、Span80 8-15份或T155 6-10份、地沟油2-8份或机油2-8份、复合蜡2-8份或石蜡2-8份。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高密度高能量乳化炸药，其特征在于，所述高密度高能量乳化炸药包括敏化剂和乳化剂。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种高密度高能量乳化炸药，其特征在于，所述乳化剂为PCE、Span80、T155。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高密度高能量乳化炸药，其特征在于，所述添加剂包括甲胺硝酸盐、亚硝酸钠、膨胀珍珠岩和发泡剂。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高密度高能量乳化炸药，其特征在于，所述高氯酸盐为高氯酸铵。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高密度高能量乳化炸药，其特征在于，所述高密度高能量乳化炸药的密度不小于2.0g/cm 3，爆速不低于5000m/s，猛度不小于17mm，殉爆距离不小于8cm。
PCT/CN2018/109935 2018-06-15 2018-10-12 一种高密度高能量乳化炸药 WO2019091254A1 (zh)

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EP0297740A2 (en) * 1987-06-29 1989-01-04 Aeci Limited Explosive
CN1038268A (zh) * 1988-06-02 1989-12-27 冶金工业部长沙矿冶研究院 乳化混合炸药的配方与制造方法
CN101219917A (zh) * 2008-01-22 2008-07-16 重庆葛洲坝易普力股份有限公司 一种适合水下爆破的现场车制乳化炸药
CN102675005A (zh) * 2012-05-28 2012-09-19 广东宏大爆破股份有限公司 一种深水爆破使用的乳化炸药及其制作方法

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0297740A2 (en) * 1987-06-29 1989-01-04 Aeci Limited Explosive
CN1038268A (zh) * 1988-06-02 1989-12-27 冶金工业部长沙矿冶研究院 乳化混合炸药的配方与制造方法
CN101219917A (zh) * 2008-01-22 2008-07-16 重庆葛洲坝易普力股份有限公司 一种适合水下爆破的现场车制乳化炸药
CN102675005A (zh) * 2012-05-28 2012-09-19 广东宏大爆破股份有限公司 一种深水爆破使用的乳化炸药及其制作方法

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