WO2019078262A1 - 骨軟骨修復を誘導する多能性幹細胞 - Google Patents
骨軟骨修復を誘導する多能性幹細胞 Download PDFInfo
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- A61K35/12—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
- A61K35/28—Bone marrow; Haematopoietic stem cells; Mesenchymal stem cells of any origin, e.g. adipose-derived stem cells
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/12—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
- A61K35/48—Reproductive organs
- A61K35/54—Ovaries; Ova; Ovules; Embryos; Foetal cells; Germ cells
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- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
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- C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
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- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to cell preparations and / or pharmaceutical compositions used in regenerative medicine. More specifically, the present invention relates to a cell preparation or pharmaceutical composition comprising pluripotent stem cells effective for treatment or repair of osteochondral injury.
- ES cells embryonic stem cells
- NSPC neural stems / Progenitor cells
- iPS cells induced pluripotent stem cells
- UCBC cord blood stem cells
- bone marrow mesenchymal cell fraction is isolated from adults and is known to have the ability to differentiate into, for example, bone, cartilage, adipocytes, nerve cells, skeletal muscle and the like (non-patent) Literatures 4 and 5).
- MSCs are a cell group including various cells, the substance of their differentiation ability is not known, and the therapeutic effect is largely dispersed.
- iPS cells (patent document 1) have been reported as adult-derived pluripotent stem cells, but for establishment of iPS cells, a gene or a specific gene in the skin fibroblast fraction that is a mesenchymal cell is specified. In addition to requiring the extremely complicated operation of introducing a compound into somatic cells, there is an extremely high hurdle for clinical application due to the high tumorigenicity of iPS cells.
- MSCs mesenchymal stem cells
- SSEA-3 Serial-Specific Embryonic Antigen-3
- Muse cells Multilineage-differentiating Stress Enduring cells; Muse cells
- Muse cells can be enriched by stimulating the mesenchymal cell fraction with various stresses.
- Patent No. 4183742 International Publication No. 2011/07900
- An object of the present invention is to provide a new medical application using pluripotent stem cells (Muse cells) in regenerative medicine. More specifically, the present invention aims to provide a cell preparation and / or a pharmaceutical composition for repairing osteochondral injury, which comprises Muse cells.
- Muse cells By injecting or administering Muse cells into an immunodeficient rat model, Muse cells locally accumulate at the osteochondral injury site, differentiate into chondrocytes at the injury site, and cause osteochondral injury. They have found that they can be repaired and have completed the present invention.
- the present invention is as follows.
- [Item 1] A cell preparation for treating or repairing osteochondral injury, comprising SSEA-3 positive pluripotent stem cells isolated from mesenchymal tissue or cultured mesenchymal cells of a living body.
- [Item 2] The cell preparation according to the above-mentioned [1], which contains a cell fraction in which SSEA-3 positive pluripotent stem cells are enriched by external stress stimulation.
- [Item 3] The cell preparation according to [Item 1] or [Item 2], wherein the pluripotent stem cells are CD105 positive.
- [Item 4] The cell preparation according to any one of [Item 1] to [Item 3], wherein the pluripotent stem cells are CD117 negative and CD146 negative.
- [Item 5] The cell preparation according to any one of [Item 1] to [Item 4], wherein the pluripotent stem cells are CD117 negative, CD146 negative, NG2 negative, CD34 negative, vWF negative, and CD271 negative.
- the pluripotent stem cell is CD34 negative, CD117 negative, CD146 negative, CD271 negative, NG2 negative, vWF negative, Sox10 negative, Snai1 negative, Slug negative, Tyrp1 negative, and Dct negative as described above
- [Item 7] The cell preparation according to any one of [Item 1] to [Item 6], wherein the pluripotent stem cells are pluripotent stem cells having all of the following properties: (I) low or no telomerase activity; (Ii) have the ability to differentiate into cells of any of the three germ layers; (Iii) show no neoplastic growth; and (iv) have self renewal ability.
- [Item 8] The cell preparation according to any one of [Item 1] to [Item 7], wherein the pluripotent stem cells have the ability to accumulate at the osteochondral injury site.
- [Item 9] The cell preparation according to any one of [Item 1] to [Item 8], wherein the pluripotent stem cells have the ability to differentiate into chondrocytes.
- the present invention is based on an osteochondral tissue regeneration mechanism in which Muse cells differentiate into chondrocytes at the injury site by administering Muse cells directly to the injury site or from a vein or the like to a subject suffering from osteochondral injury.
- Osteochondral injury, in particular subchondral bone covered by fibrous tissue can be repaired.
- FIG. 1 shows the gross appearance of repaired tissue in control, non-Muse and Muse groups at 4 and 12 weeks after treatment.
- the Muse group was completely replenished with the white tissue at the same level as normal tissue.
- FIG. 2 shows a scoring system with the naked eye, with a trend towards improvement in the Muse group at 4 weeks after treatment. Also, at 12 weeks, the Muse group showed significantly better results than the other groups. * P ⁇ 0.05.
- FIG. 3A shows histologic evaluation of repair tissue with Safranin O / Fast Green staining at 4 and 12 weeks.
- FIGS. 3B and 3C show H & E stained images at 12 weeks. Scale bars: A and B: 500 ⁇ m, C: 100 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 4 shows the results of histological scoring using the Sellers scale at weeks 4 and 12 and, unlike either the non-Muse group or the control group, a histologically significant difference in the Muse group was recognized. * P ⁇ 0.05.
- the present invention relates to a fine preparation or pharmaceutical composition for treating or repairing osteochondral injury, which comprises SSEA-3 positive pluripotent stem cells (Muse cells).
- the present invention uses osteocalcinosis, traumatic cartilage damage, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteochondral damage such as cancer using a cell preparation or pharmaceutical composition containing SSEA-3 positive pluripotent stem cells (Muse cells).
- Use cells SSEA-3 positive pluripotent stem cells
- osteochondral injury refers to, but is not limited to, damage to bone and / or cartilage caused by the above-mentioned diseases and the like, and damage caused as a result of accident and surgical operation.
- damage means a change in normal structure or function, has the same meaning as a commonly used term, and can be used synonymously with a disorder, degeneration, trauma or defect.
- bone refers primarily to hydroxyapatite, calcium and phosphate components deposited in the form of collagen (mainly type I collagen), and bone cells (eg, osteoblasts, bone) Cells and calcified (mineralized) connective tissue including osteoclasts) and bone marrow that forms inside the true endochondral bone.
- Bone tissue is significantly different from other tissues, including cartilage tissue. Specifically, bone tissue is vascularized composed of cells and a biphasic medium (including mineralization, mineral component (mainly hydroxyapatite crystals) and organic component (mainly type I collagen)) It is an organization.
- Glycosaminoglycans constitute less than 2% of this organic component and less than 1% of the biphasic medium itself, or the bone tissue itself. Furthermore, as compared to cartilage tissue, the collagen present in bone tissue is present in a highly organized and parallel arrangement.
- cartilage refers to chondrocytes or chondrocyte-like cells, interstitium (eg, type I, II, IX, and XI collagens), proteoglycans (eg, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans), Refers to connective tissues including keratan sulfate proteoglycans and dermatan sulfate proteoglycans) and other proteins.
- Cartilage includes articular cartilage and non-articular cartilage.
- “Articular cartilage” refers to an avascular non-mineralized connective tissue that covers the articulating surface of bone in a joint and serves as a friction reducing joint between two opposing bone surfaces. Articular cartilage allows exercise without direct bone-to-bone contact. Articular cartilage derives in part nutrients from adjacent synovial blood vessels and covered bone blood vessels. Articular cartilage contains type II and type IX collagen and various proteoglycans and does not contain type X collagen associated with endochondral bone formation. Articular cartilage covers the top of the bone, and the bone below the cartilage is called subchondral bone.
- osteochondral damage damage that has spread to cartilage and subchondral bone
- cartilage damage cartilage full-thickness defect
- cartilage damage partial cartilage damage
- “cartilage damage” includes the above-mentioned “bone cartilage damage” and “cartilage damage”.
- Non-articular cartilage refers to cartilage that does not cover the articular surface, including fibrocartilage (joint disc, fibrocartilage disc, connective fibrocartilage, and periarticular fibrocartilage) and elastic cartilage.
- fibrocartilage micropolysaccharide meshwork is combined with protruding collagen bundles, and chondrocytes are more widely dispersed than hyaline cartilage or articular cartilage.
- the joint disc is subjected to impact and is found in joints that move frequently (e.g., knee meniscus). Examples of such joints include, but are not limited to, temporomandibular mandible, chest link joints, wrist joints, and knee joints.
- fibrocartilage discs which adhere closely to opposite surfaces, consist of concentric rings of fibrous tissue interspersed with a thin layer of cartilage.
- An example of such a fibrocartilage disc is the spinal disc.
- the connective fibrocartilage intervenes between the bone surfaces of these joints and is able to move slightly between the vertebral bodies and the pubis.
- the periarticular fibrocartilage surrounds the edges of several joint cavities, such as the acetabulum on the buttocks and the glenoid fossa on the shoulder.
- Pluripotent stem cells The pluripotent stem cells used in the cell preparation of the present invention were found to be present in human beings by one of the present inventors, and were named "Muse (Multilineage-differentiating Stress Enduring) cells". It is. Muse cells are obtained from skin tissue such as bone marrow fluid, adipose tissue (Ogura, F., et al., Stem Cells Dev., Nov 20, 2013 (Epub) (published on Jan 17, 2014)) and dermal connective tissue. It can also be scattered in the connective tissues of each organ.
- this cell is a cell having both the properties of pluripotent stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells, and, for example, each cell surface marker “SSEA-3 (Stage-specific embryonic antigen-3)” It is identified as a "CD105" double positive. Therefore, Muse cells or cell populations containing Muse cells can be separated from living tissue, for example, using these antigen markers as indicators. Details of methods for separation, identification and characteristics of Muse cells are disclosed in WO 2011/07900. Also, as reported by Wakao et al. (2011, above), when mesenchymal cells are cultured from bone marrow, skin etc. and used as a population of Muse cells, all of the SSEA-3 positive cells are CD105. It is known to be positive cells.
- Muse cells when separating Muse cells from mesenchymal tissue or cultured mesenchymal stem cells of a living body, Muse cells can be purified and used simply as SSEA-3 as an antigen marker.
- SSEA-3 which can be used in a cell preparation for treating osteochondral injury (including sequelae), is separated from mesenchymal tissue or cultured mesenchymal tissue of a living body as an antigen marker
- the cell population containing the pluripotent stem cells (Muse cells) or Muse cells may be simply referred to as "SSEA-3 positive cells”.
- “non-Muse cell” refers to a cell contained in mesenchymal tissue or cultured mesenchymal tissue of a living body, and is a cell other than “SSEA-3 positive cell”.
- Muse cells or cell populations containing Muse cells can be treated as living tissues (eg, using a single antibody against the cell surface marker SSEA-3, or using both respective antibodies against SSEA-3 and CD105).
- a living body means a living body of a mammal. In the present invention, the living body does not include embryos whose developmental stage precedes the fertilized egg or blastocyst stage, but includes embryos of developmental stages after blastocyst stage including the fetus and blastocyst.
- Mammals include, but are not limited to, primates such as humans and monkeys, rodents such as mice, rats, rabbits and guinea pigs, cats, dogs, sheep, pigs, cattle, horses, donkeys, goats, ferrets etc.
- Be Muse cells used in the cell preparation of the present invention are clearly distinguished from embryonic stem cells (ES cells) and iPS cells in that they are separated directly from the tissue of a living body with markers.
- ES cells embryonic stem cells
- iPS cells embryonic stem cells
- meenchymal tissue refers to tissues present in various organs and tissues such as bone, synovium, fat, blood, bone marrow, skeletal muscle, dermis, ligament, tendon, dental pulp, umbilical cord, cord blood and the like.
- Muse cells can be obtained from bone marrow, skin, and adipose tissue.
- Muse cells may be separated from cultured mesenchymal cells such as fibroblasts and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by using the above separation means.
- the Muse cells used may be autologous or allogeneic to the recipient receiving the cell transplantation.
- Muse cells or cell populations containing Muse cells can be separated from living tissue using, for example, SSEA-3 positive and SSEA-3 plus CD105 double positive indicators.
- SSEA-3 positive and SSEA-3 plus CD105 double positive indicators are known to include various types of stem and progenitor cells.
- Muse cells are not the same as these cells.
- Such stem cells and progenitor cells include skin-derived progenitor cells (SKP), neural crest stem cells (NCSC), melanoblasts (MB), perivascular cells (PC), endothelial progenitor cells (EP), adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) Can be mentioned.
- Muse cells can be separated using the “non-expression” of the marker unique to these cells as an index.
- Muse cells include CD34 (EP and ADSC markers), CD117 (c-kit) (MB markers), CD146 (PC and ADSC markers), CD271 (NGFR) (NCSC markers), NG2 (marker of PC), vWF factor (von Willebrand factor) (marker of EP), Sox10 (marker of NCSC), Snai1 (marker of SKP), Slug (marker of SKP), Tyrp1 (marker of MB), and At least one of 11 markers selected from the group consisting of Dct (MB marker), for example, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 It is possible to separate non-expression of single or eleven markers as an index.
- non-expression of CD117 and CD146 can be separated as an indicator, and further non-expression of CD117, CD146, NG2, CD34, vWF and CD271 can be separated as an indicator; It is possible to separate non-expression of 11 markers as an index.
- Muse cells having the above-mentioned characteristics used in the cell preparation of the present invention are as follows: (I) low or no telomerase activity; (Ii) have the ability to differentiate into cells of any of the three germ layers; (Iii) does not exhibit neoplastic growth; and (iv) may have at least one property selected from the group consisting of having self renewal ability.
- Muse cells used in the cell preparation of the present invention have all the properties described above.
- "low or no telomerase activity” means that low or undetectable when telomerase activity is detected using, for example, TRAPEZE XL telomerase detection kit (Millipore). Say.
- the "low" telomerase activity is, for example, a telomerase activity similar to that of human somatic cells, or 1/5 or less, preferably 1/10 or less of that of Hela cells. It means having the activity.
- Muse cells have the ability to differentiate into three germ layers (endodermal, mesodermal and ectodermal) in vitro and in vivo, eg, induction culture in vitro Thus, they can be differentiated into hepatocytes, neurons, skeletal muscle cells, smooth muscle cells, osteocytes, adipocytes and the like. It may also show the ability to differentiate into three germ layers when transplanted to the testis in vivo.
- Muse cells proliferate at a growth rate of about 1.3 days in suspension culture, but proliferate from one cell in suspension culture to form embryoid-like cell clusters, and proliferation is stopped in about 14 days.
- cell proliferation is started again, and the cells proliferated from the cell mass spread.
- transplanted to the testis it has the property of not becoming cancerous for at least half a year.
- Muse cells have the ability to self renew (self-renew).
- self renewal means that differentiation of cells contained in an embryoid-like cell mass obtained by culturing from one Muse cell in suspension culture into tridermal cells can be confirmed at the same time. By bringing the cells of the embryoid-like cell mass into suspension culture again with one cell, the next generation embryoid-like cell mass is formed, and from there, the embryo in tridermal differentiation and suspension culture again. It means that a body-like cell mass can be confirmed. The self renewal may be repeated one or more cycles.
- the cell fraction containing Muse cells used in the cell preparation of the present invention provides external stress stimulation to mesenchymal tissue or cultured mesenchymal cells of a living body, and cells other than cells resistant to the external stress.
- Cells enriched in SSEA-3 positive and CD105 positive pluripotent stem cells having at least one, preferably all of the following properties obtained by a method comprising killing the cells and recovering the surviving cells: It may be a fraction.
- Iv have the ability to differentiate into three germ layers;
- V) show no neoplastic growth; and (vi) have self renewal ability.
- the above-mentioned external stress may be protease treatment, culture under low oxygen concentration, culture under low phosphate conditions, culture under low serum concentration, culture under low nutrient conditions, culture under exposure to heat shock, low temperature Culture, freezing, culture in the presence of harmful substances, culture in the presence of active oxygen, culture under mechanical stimulation, culture under shaking, culture under pressure, or physical shock It may be any or a plurality of combinations.
- the treatment time with the above-mentioned protease is preferably performed in total for 0.5 to 36 hours in order to apply external stress to cells.
- the protease concentration may be a concentration used when detaching cells adhered to the culture vessel, breaking up the cell mass into single cells, or recovering single cells from tissue.
- the protease is preferably a serine protease, an aspartic protease, a cysteine protease, a metalloprotease, a glutamic acid protease or an N-terminal threonine protease. Furthermore, it is preferred that the protease is trypsin, collagenase or dispase.
- the cell preparation of the present invention is not limited, but the Muse cells obtained in (1) or the cell population containing Muse cells may be saline or a suitable buffer (eg, phosphorus Obtained by suspending in acid-buffered saline).
- a suitable buffer eg, phosphorus Obtained by suspending in acid-buffered saline.
- the cells may be cultured prior to cell transplantation and grown until a predetermined cell concentration is obtained.
- Muse cells do not become tumorous, and therefore, there is a possibility of canceration even if cells recovered from living tissues are contained undifferentiated. Is low and safe.
- the culture of the recovered Muse cells can be carried out in a conventional growth medium (eg, ⁇ -minimum essential medium ( ⁇ -MEM) containing 10% calf serum), although not particularly limited.
- a medium, additives eg, antibiotics, serum
- Muse cells of a predetermined concentration are selected.
- a medium, additives eg, antibiotics, serum
- Muse cells of a predetermined concentration are selected.
- bone marrow fluid of about several ml is collected from human ilium and, for example, it is effective to culture bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as adherent cells from bone marrow fluid.
- Muse cells can be separated using an SSEA-3 antigen marker as an indicator, and autologous or allogeneic Muse cells can be prepared as a cell preparation.
- SSEA-3 antigen marker as an indicator
- culturing and expanding the cells until an effective therapeutic amount is reached and then preparing autologous or allogeneic Muse cells as a cell preparation it can.
- Muse cells in cell preparations, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), serum albumin, etc. are protected to protect the cells, and antibiotics etc. are contained in the cell preparation to prevent bacterial contamination and proliferation. May be Furthermore, other pharmaceutically acceptable ingredients (eg, carriers, excipients, disintegrants, buffers, emulsifiers, suspensions, soothing agents, stabilizers, preservatives, preservatives, physiological saline, etc.) and the like Cells or components other than Muse cells contained in mesenchymal stem cells may be contained in the cell preparation. One skilled in the art can add these factors and agents to the cell preparation at appropriate concentrations. Thus, Muse cells can also be used as a pharmaceutical composition containing various additives.
- DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
- serum albumin etc.
- antibiotics etc. are contained in the cell preparation to prevent bacterial contamination and proliferation. May be Furthermore, other pharmaceutically acceptable ingredients (eg, carriers, excipients, disintegrants, buffers, emulsifiers,
- the number of Muse cells contained in the cell preparation prepared above is such that the desired effect in osteochondral injury (eg, regeneration of bone and cartilage, disappearance of various diseases associated with osteochondral injury, etc.) can be obtained.
- the adjustment can be appropriately made in consideration of the sex, age, body weight, condition of affected area, condition of cells used, etc. of the subject.
- various effects of Muse cell transplantation were examined on a rat osteochondral defect model in which a part of the femur was deleted. For about 200 to 300 g of rats, intraarticular administration of SSEA3 positive cells at 5 ⁇ 10 4 cells / head gave a very good effect.
- the cell preparation of the present invention can be administered several times (eg, 2 to 10 times), as appropriate, at intervals (eg, twice a day, once a day, once a week) until a desired therapeutic effect is obtained. It may be administered twice, once a week, once every two weeks, once a month, once every two months, once every three months, once every six months).
- a therapeutically effective dose is preferably, for example, a dose of 1 to 10 times at 1 ⁇ 10 3 cells to 2 ⁇ 10 7 cells per individual.
- the total administration amount in one individual is not limited, but is 1 ⁇ 10 3 cells to 2 ⁇ 10 8 cells, 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells to 1 ⁇ 10 8 cells, 2 ⁇ 10 4 cells to 5 ⁇ 10 7 cells, 5 ⁇ 10 4 cells to 2 ⁇ 10 7 cells, 1 ⁇ 10 5 cells to 1 ⁇ 10 7 cells, and the like.
- the cell preparation of the present invention may be directly administered to an osteochondral injury site (for example, a joint, a femur, etc.), although it is not particularly limited, and may be intravenously administered.
- rat osteochondral defect model can be constructed and used to examine the therapeutic effect of osteochondral injury by the cell preparation of the present invention.
- Rats used as the model generally include, but are not limited to, immunodeficient rats (eg, F344 / NJcl-rnu / rnu), Wistar rats, Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.
- a rat model in which osteochondral defects were made by using a metal drill having a spherical tip with a diameter of 1 mm in a rat femur was used.
- the cell preparation of the present invention is Muse cells of human origin, it has a different relation to the rat to which the preparation is administered.
- an immunosuppressant such as cyclosporin
- an immunosuppressant is administered before or simultaneously with administration of xenogeneic cells in order to suppress rejection of xenogeneic cells in vivo.
- the cell preparation of the present invention can restore the function of bone and cartilage in patients with osteochondral injury to normal.
- "recovery" of osteochondral function means treatment, repair and alleviation of various dysfunctions associated with osteochondral injury (including defects), and as an example, it does not affect daily life. It means to alleviate osteochondral damage to a degree.
- “restoring” osteochondral function means that the dysfunction caused by osteochondral injury is ameliorated, alleviated or eliminated to return to the state before osteochondral injury.
- histological scoring generally by Sellers using Safranin O / First Green for staining of osteochondral tissue is used Can be done [8].
- Example 1 Cell Preparation Human Bone Marrow MSCs (hBMSC; Lonza, Basel, Switzerland) were purchased and used with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 0.1 mg / ml kanamycin, and 1% Glutamax (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham , MA) in Eagle's minimal essential medium ( ⁇ -MEM) at 37 ° C. and 5% CO 2 . After hBMSCs reached 90-100% confluency, they were subcultured using 0.25% trypsin-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at a ratio of 1: 2. The protocol by Kuroda et al. Was followed [5].
- FBS fetal bovine serum
- ⁇ -MEM Eagle's minimal essential medium
- hBMSCs were separated into Muse cells (SSEA-3 + ) and non-Muse cells (SSEA-3 ⁇ ) depending on the presence or absence of expression of SSEA-3.
- hBMSC were incubated with SSEA-3 antibody (1: 100; Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany) and detected by Allophycocyanin conjugated anti-rat IgM (Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, PA) in antibody diluent, Special Order
- SSEA-3 antibody 1: 100; Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany
- Allophycocyanin conjugated anti-rat IgM Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, PA
- the cells were sorted by Research Product FACSAria II (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ).
- Example 2 Cell injection to osteochondral defect site This example was performed on 16 10-week-old immunodeficient rats (32 knees) (F344 / NJcl-rnu / rnu). Osteochondral defects (diameter 2 mm, depth 2 mm) were created left and right within the patellar groove of the femur using a commercially available metal drill with a 1 mm diameter spherical tip. Immediately after closing the knee joint, the rat knees were distributed unevenly in 3 groups (Table 1): control group-PBS injection; non Muse group-intraarticular injection of non Muse cells (5 x 10 4 ); Muse group-intra-articular injection of Muse cells (5 x 10 4 ). The cells were suspended in 50 ⁇ l PBS.
- Example 3 Macroscopic and Histological Evaluation (1) Macroscopic Evaluation At 4 and 12 weeks after treatment, rats were sacrificed by intraperitoneal injection of a lethal dose of pentobarbital sodium. The femoral condyle was visually assessed using a gross scoring system according to Wayne et al. [6] [7]. “14" was the best and "0” was the worst (Table 2).
- Example 4 Immunostaining At 4 and 12 weeks post-treatment, sections are pretreated with antigen recovery reagent (Immunoactive, Matsunami Glass Ind., Osaka, Japan) to block endogenous peroxidase activity. Immerse in 3% H 2 O 2 .
- antigen recovery reagent Immunoactive, Matsunami Glass Ind., Osaka, Japan
- Sections are blocked with blocking solution (Protein Block Serum-Free; Dako, Carpinteria, CA) and type I collagen (1: 250, Daiichi Fine Chemical, Toyama, Japan) and type II collagen (1: 250, Daiichi Fine Chemical)
- Incubate with mouse monoclonal antibody against Reactions for visualization are performed using avidin-biotin peroxidase system (Vectastain Elite ABC kit; Vector Laboratories, Inc., Burlingame, CA), and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (Peroxidase Substrate kit, Vector Laboratories, Inc. Sections are colored using.
- Example 5 Results of Various Experiments (1) Macroscopic Findings At 4 weeks, the margins of the injured part were easily identified in the patella groove of the control and non-Muse groups, and no repair tissue was detected. Also, at 4 and 12 weeks, osteoarthritic changes with adjacent cartilage degeneration increased in the control group compared to the Muse and non-Muse groups. At 12 weeks, in the non-Muse group, the depth of injury filled with brown tissue and decreased. On the other hand, in the Muse group, the white tissue completely covers the lesion, which is smooth and has a homogeneous surface according to the surrounding tissue, and it is difficult to clearly identify the margin of the lesion. There is ( Figure 1).
- Intra-articular injection of Muse cells is a promising method to repair osteochondral injuries, in particular subchondral bone covered by fibrous tissue.
Abstract
Description
[項目1]生体の間葉系組織又は培養間葉系細胞から分離されたSSEA-3陽性の多能性幹細胞を含む、骨軟骨損傷を治療又は修復するための細胞製剤。
[項目2]外部ストレス刺激によりSSEA-3陽性の多能性幹細胞が濃縮された細胞画分を含む、上記[1]記載に細胞製剤。
[項目3]前記多能性幹細胞が、CD105陽性である、上記[項目1]又は[項目2]に記載の細胞製剤。
[項目4]前記多能性幹細胞が、CD117陰性及びCD146陰性である、上記[項目1]~[項目3]のいずれかに記載の細胞製剤。
[項目5]前記多能性幹細胞が、CD117陰性、CD146陰性、NG2陰性、CD34陰性、vWF陰性、及びCD271陰性である、上記[項目1]~[項目4]のいずれかに記載の細胞製剤。
[項目6]前記多能性幹細胞が、CD34陰性、CD117陰性、CD146陰性、CD271陰性、NG2陰性、vWF陰性、Sox10陰性、Snai1陰性、Slug陰性、Tyrp1陰性、及びDct陰性である、上記[項目1]~[項目5]のいずれかに記載の細胞製剤。
[項目7]前記多能性幹細胞が、以下の性質の全てを有する多能性幹細胞である、上記[項目1]~[項目6]のいずれかに記載の細胞製剤:
(i)テロメラーゼ活性が低いか又は無い;
(ii)三胚葉のいずれの胚葉の細胞に分化する能力を持つ;
(iii)腫瘍性増殖を示さない;及び
(iv)セルフリニューアル能を持つ。
[項目8]前記多能性幹細胞が、骨軟骨損傷部位に蓄積する能力を有する、上記[項目1]~[項目7]のいずれかに記載の細胞製剤。
[項目9]前記多能性幹細胞が、軟骨細胞に分化する能力を有する、上記[項目1]~[項目8]のいずれかに記載の細胞製剤。
本発明は、SSEA-3陽性の多能性幹細胞(Muse細胞)を含む細胞製剤又は医薬組成物を用いて変形性関節症、外傷性軟骨損傷、関節リウマチ、及び癌などの骨軟骨損傷に関連する疾患又は症候状態の治療、修復または緩和に使用することができる。本発明において、「骨軟骨損傷」とは、限定されないが、上記疾患等に起因した骨及び/又は軟骨の損傷、並びに事故及び外科的操作の結果により生じた損傷を指す。ここで、「損傷」とは、正常な構造又は機能の変化を意味し、一般的に使用される用語と同じ意味を有し、障害、変性、外傷、又は欠損と同義に使用され得る。
(1)多能性幹細胞(Muse細胞)
本発明の細胞製剤に使用される多能性幹細胞は、本発明者らの一人である出澤が、ヒト生体内にその存在を見出し、「Muse(Multilineage-differentiating Stress Enduring)細胞」と命名した細胞である。Muse細胞は、骨髄液、脂肪組織(Ogura,F.,et al.,Stem Cells Dev.,Nov 20,2013(Epub)(published on Jan 17,2014))や真皮結合組織等の皮膚組織から得ることができ、各臓器の結合組織にも散在する。また、この細胞は、多能性幹細胞と間葉系幹細胞の両方の性質を有する細胞であり、例えば、それぞれの細胞表面マーカーである「SSEA-3(Stage-specific embryonic antigen-3)」と「CD105」のダブル陽性として同定される。したがって、Muse細胞又はMuse細胞を含む細胞集団は、例えば、これらの抗原マーカーを指標として生体組織から分離することができる。Muse細胞の分離法、同定法、及び特徴などの詳細は、国際公開第WO2011/007900号に開示されている。また、Wakaoら(2011、上述)によって報告されているように、骨髄、皮膚などから間葉系細胞を培養し、それをMuse細胞の母集団として用いる場合、SSEA-3陽性細胞の全てがCD105陽性細胞であることが分かっている。したがって、本発明における細胞製剤においては、生体の間葉系組織又は培養間葉系幹細胞からMuse細胞を分離する場合は、単にSSEA-3を抗原マーカーとしてMuse細胞を精製し、使用することができる。なお、本明細書においては、骨軟骨損傷(後遺症を含む)を治療するための細胞製剤において使用され得る、SSEA-3を抗原マーカーとして、生体の間葉系組織又は培養間葉系組織から分離された多能性幹細胞(Muse細胞)又はMuse細胞を含む細胞集団を単に「SSEA-3陽性細胞」と記載することがある。また、本明細書においては、「非Muse細胞」とは、生体の間葉系組織又は培養間葉系組織に含まれる細胞であって、「SSEA-3陽性細胞」以外の細胞を指す。
(i)テロメラーゼ活性が低いか又は無い;
(ii)三胚葉のいずれの胚葉の細胞に分化する能力を持つ;
(iii)腫瘍性増殖を示さない;及び
(iv)セルフリニューアル能を持つ
からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの性質を有してもよい。本発明の一局面では、本発明の細胞製剤に使用されるMuse細胞は、上記性質を全て有する。ここで、上記(i)について、「テロメラーゼ活性が低いか又は無い」とは、例えば、TRAPEZE XL telomerase detection kit(Millipore社)を用いてテロメラーゼ活性を検出した場合に、低いか又は検出できないことをいう。テロメラーゼ活性が「低い」とは、例えば、体細胞であるヒト線維芽細胞と同程度のテロメラーゼ活性を有しているか、又はHela細胞に比べて1/5以下、好ましくは1/10以下のテロメラーゼ活性を有していることをいう。上記(ii)について、Muse細胞は、in vitro及びin vivoにおいて、三胚葉(内胚葉系、中胚葉系、及び外胚葉系)に分化する能力を有し、例えば、in vitroで誘導培養することにより、肝細胞、神経細胞、骨格筋細胞、平滑筋細胞、骨細胞、脂肪細胞等に分化し得る。また、in vivoで精巣に移植した場合にも三胚葉に分化する能力を示す場合がある。さらに、静注により生体に移植することで損傷を受けた臓器(心臓、皮膚、脊髄、肝、筋肉等)に遊走及び生着し、組織に応じた細胞に分化する能力を有する。上記(iii)について、Muse細胞は、浮遊培養では増殖速度約1.3日で増殖するが、浮遊培養では1細胞から増殖し、胚様体様細胞塊を作り14日間程度で増殖が止まる、という性質を有するが、これらの胚様体様細胞塊を接着培養に持っていくと、再び細胞増殖が開始され、細胞塊から増殖した細胞が広がっていく。さらに精巣に移植した場合、少なくとも半年間は癌化しないという性質を有する。また、上記(iv)について、Muse細胞は、セルフリニューアル(自己複製)能を有する。ここで、「セルフリニューアル」とは、1個のMuse細胞から浮遊培養で培養することにより得られる胚様体様細胞塊に含まれる細胞から3胚葉性の細胞への分化が確認できると同時に、胚様体様細胞塊の細胞を再び1細胞で浮遊培養に持っていくことにより、次の世代の胚様体様細胞塊を形成させ、そこから再び3胚葉性の分化と浮遊培養での胚様体様細胞塊が確認できることをいう。セルフリニューアルは1回又は複数回のサイクルを繰り返せばよい。
(i)SSEA-3陽性;
(ii)CD105陽性;
(iii)テロメラーゼ活性が低いか又は無い;
(iv)三胚葉に分化する能力を持つ;
(v)腫瘍性増殖を示さない;及び
(vi)セルフリニューアル能を持つ。
本発明の細胞製剤は、限定されないが、上記(1)で得られたMuse細胞又はMuse細胞を含む細胞集団を生理食塩水や適切な緩衝液(例えば、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水)に懸濁させることによって得られる。この場合、自家又は他家の組織から分離したMuse細胞数が少ない場合には、細胞移植前に細胞を培養して、所定の細胞濃度が得られるまで増殖させてもよい。なお、すでに報告されているように(国際公開第WO2011/007900号パンフレット)、Muse細胞は、腫瘍化しないため、生体組織から回収した細胞が未分化のまま含まれていても癌化の可能性が低く安全である。また、回収したMuse細胞の培養は、特に限定されないが、通常の増殖培地(例えば、10%仔牛血清を含むα-最少必須培地(α-MEM))において行うことができる。より詳しくは、上記国際公開第WO2011/007900号パンフレットを参照して、Muse細胞の培養及び増殖において、適宜、培地、添加物(例えば、抗生物質、血清)等を選択し、所定濃度のMuse細胞を含む溶液を調製することができる。ヒト対象に本発明の細胞製剤を投与する場合には、ヒトの腸骨から数ml程度の骨髄液を採取し、例えば、骨髄液からの接着細胞として骨髄間葉系幹細胞を培養して有効な治療量のMuse細胞を分離できる細胞量に達するまで増やした後、Muse細胞をSSEA-3の抗原マーカーを指標として分離し、自家又は他家のMuse細胞を細胞製剤として調製することができる。あるいは、例えば、Muse細胞をSSEA-3の抗原マーカーを指標として分離後、有効な治療量に達するまで細胞を培養して増やした後、自家又は他家のMuse細胞を細胞製剤として調製することができる。
本明細書においては、本発明の細胞製剤による骨軟骨損傷の治療効果を検討するためにラット骨軟骨欠損モデルを構築し、使用することができる。該モデルとして使用されるラットには、限定されないが、一般的に、免疫不全ラット(例えば、F344/NJcl-rnu/rnu)、Wistar系ラット、スプラーグドーリー(SD)系ラットが挙げられる。後述する実施例においては、ラットの大腿骨に直径1mmの球形の先端を有する金属ドリルにより骨軟骨を欠損させたラットモデルを使用した。本発明の細胞製剤はヒト由来のMuse細胞であるため、該製剤を投与されるラットとは異種の関係にある。通常、モデル動物において異種の細胞等が投与される実験では、異種細胞の生体内で拒絶反応を抑制するために、異種細胞の投与前又は同時に免疫抑制剤(シクロスポリンなど)が投与される。
本発明の実施形態では、本発明の細胞製剤は、骨軟骨損傷の患者の骨及び軟骨の機能を正常に回復させることができる。本明細書において使用するとき、骨軟骨機能の「回復」とは、骨軟骨損傷(欠損を含む)に伴う各種の機能障害の治療、修復及び緩和を意味し、一例として、日常生活に差し支えない程度にまで骨軟骨損傷を緩和することを意味する。また、骨軟骨の機能を「回復する」とは、骨軟骨損傷に起因した機能障害が改善、緩和、又は除去されて、骨軟骨損傷前の状態に戻ることを意味する。また、骨軟骨機能の回復の評価には、限定されないが、組織学的評価として、一般的には、骨軟骨組織の染色にサフラニンO/ファーストグリーンを使用するSellersによる組織学的スコアリングを用いて行うことができる[8]。
ヒト骨髄MSC(hBMSC;Lonza、Basel、Switzerland)を購入し、これを10%ウシ胎児血清(FBS)、0.1mg/mlカナマイシン、及び1%Glutamax(Thermo Fisher Scientific、Waltham、MA)を含むイーグル最小必須培地(α-MEM)中で、37℃にて5%CO2で培養した。hBMSCが90~100%コンフルエントに達した後、0.25%トリプシン-エチレンジアミン四酢酸を用いて1:2の比で継代培養した。Kurodaらによるプロトコールに従った[5]。簡潔に述べると、hBMSCを、SSEA-3の発現の有無に応じて、Muse細胞(SSEA-3+)及び非Muse細胞(SSEA-3-)に分離した。hBMSCをSSEA-3抗体(1:100;Merck Millipore、Darmstadt、Germany)とともにインキュベートし、抗体希釈液中でAllophycocyaninをコンジュゲートした抗ラットIgM(Jackson ImmunoResearch、West Grove、PA)によって検出し、Special Order Research ProductであるFACSAria II(Becton Dickinson、Franklin Lakes、NJ)によって選別した。
本実施例は、16匹の10週齢の免疫不全ラット(32個の膝)(F344/NJcl-rnu/rnu)で行った。直径1mmの球形の先端を有する市販の金属ドリルを用いて、大腿骨の膝蓋骨溝内に骨軟骨欠損(直径2mm、深さ2mm)を左右に作製した。膝関節を閉じた直後に、ラットの膝を3群に不均一に分布させた(表1):対照群-PBS注射;非Muse群-非Muse細胞の関節内注射(5×104);Muse群-Muse細胞の関節内注射(5×104)。細胞を50μlのPBSに懸濁させた。
(1)肉眼的な評価法
処置後の4週及び12週で、致死量のペントバルビタールナトリウムを腹腔内に注射して、ラットを屠殺した。Wayneら[6][7]による肉眼的スコアリングシステムを用いて、大腿顆を肉眼的に評価した。「14」が最も良く、「0」が最も悪かった(表2)。
修復組織を、パラホルムアルデヒドを含むリン酸緩衝溶液(4%)中で1日間固定し、10%EDTA(Nacalai Tesque,Inc.、Kyoto、Japan)で4週間、脱灰した後、パラフィンブロックに包埋した。試料を5μm切片に矢状に切断した。組織学的評価のために、切片をサフラニンO/ファーストグリーン(Muto Pure Chemicals Co.Ltd.,Japan)で染色し、Sellersスケールの組織学的スコアリングを行った(表3)[8]。ヘマトキシリン及びエオシン(H&E)染色を用いて、修復組織の細胞密度を評価した。
処理後の4週及び12週で、切片を抗原回収試薬(Immunoactive、Matsunami Glass Ind.、Osaka、Japan)で前処理し、内因性ペルオキシダーゼ活性をブロックするために、0.3%H2O2に浸漬する。切片をブロッキング溶液(Protein Block Serum-Free;Dako、Carpinteria、CA)でブロッキングし、I型コラーゲン(1:250、Daiichi Fine Chemical、Toyama、Japan)及びII型コラーゲン(1:250、Daiichi Fine Chemical)に対するマウスモノクローナル抗体とともにインキュベートする。視覚化のための反応は、アビジン-ビオチンペルオキシダーゼ系(Vectastain Elite ABCキット;Vector Laboratories,Inc.、Burlingame、CA)を用いて行い、3,3’-ジアミノベンジジン(Peroxidase Substrateキット、Vector Laboratories,Inc.)を用いて切片を着色する。
(1)肉眼的所見
4週で対照及び非Muse群の膝蓋溝において損傷部辺縁が容易に同定され、修復組織は検出されなかった。また、4週及び12週で、Muse群及び非Muse群と比較して、対照群において、隣接する軟骨の変性を伴う変形性関節症変化が増加した。12週で、非Muse群では、損傷部の深さは、褐色組織で満たされ、減少した。一方、Muse群では、白色組織で完全に損傷部が被覆され、これは、周囲組織に応じて、平滑であり、均質な表面を有し、損傷部辺縁を明確に特定することが困難である(図1)。肉眼的スコアリングでは、処置後の4週では3群間に有意差はなかったが、対照、非Muse群、Muse群の順で改善傾向が見られた(対照群:0.8±0.4;非Muse群:1.3±0.5、Muse群:1.8±0.8)。しかしながら、Muse群の肉眼的な結果は、欠陥部の補充によって測定すると、処置後、12週で他の群の結果よりも有意に良好であった(対照群:0.5±0.6、非Muse群:1.5±0.5、Muse群:10.0±1.5)(図2)。個々のパラメーターの肉眼的スコアを表4に示した。
4週および12週で、対照群及び非Muse群の屠殺時には、線維組織は少量であったが、損傷部位に修復組織は見られなかった。4週でのMuse群においては、軟骨の置換はなく、軟骨下骨の修復を伴う損傷の部分的修復が見られた。また、12週でのMuse群においては、軟骨損傷の修復が確認され、軟骨下骨の完全修復が伴っていたが、繊維組織で覆われ、統合に加えて、骨軟骨接合が観察された(図3A)。4週及び12週で、それぞれ、Sellersスケールに基づいて、以下の結果が記録された:対照群(4週:26.2±1.6;12週:27.8±1.5)、非Muse群(4週:27.2±1.2;12週:25±0.6)、及びMuse群(4週:17.4±0.6;12週:11.8±2.0)。非Muse群は、処置後の12週で、対照群よりも有意に良好な結果を示した。さらに、Muse群のスコアは、処置後の4週と12週の両方で他の群よりも有意に良好であった(図4)。個々のパラメーターのSellersスコアを表5に示した。また、12週でのH&E染色は、他の群と比較して、Muse群の修復組織の細胞密度が高いことを示した(図3B、C)。
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Claims (9)
- 生体の間葉系組織又は培養間葉系細胞から分離されたSSEA-3陽性の多能性幹細胞を含む、骨軟骨損傷を治療又は修復するための細胞製剤。
- 外部ストレス刺激によりSSEA-3陽性の多能性幹細胞が濃縮された細胞画分を含む、請求項1に記載に細胞製剤。
- 前記多能性幹細胞が、CD105陽性である、請求項1又は2に記載の細胞製剤。
- 前記多能性幹細胞が、CD117陰性及びCD146陰性である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の細胞製剤。
- 前記多能性幹細胞が、CD117陰性、CD146陰性、NG2陰性、CD34陰性、vWF陰性、及びCD271陰性である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の細胞製剤。
- 前記多能性幹細胞が、CD34陰性、CD117陰性、CD146陰性、CD271陰性、NG2陰性、vWF陰性、Sox10陰性、Snai1陰性、Slug陰性、Tyrp1陰性、及びDct陰性である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の細胞製剤。
- 前記多能性幹細胞が、以下の性質の全てを有する多能性幹細胞である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の細胞製剤:
(i)テロメラーゼ活性が低いか又は無い;
(ii)三胚葉のいずれの胚葉の細胞に分化する能力を持つ;
(iii)腫瘍性増殖を示さない;及び
(iv)セルフリニューアル能を持つ。 - 前記多能性幹細胞が、骨軟骨損傷部位に蓄積する能力を有する、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の細胞製剤。
- 前記多能性幹細胞が、軟骨細胞に分化する能力を有する、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の細胞製剤。
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US16/756,682 US20200237828A1 (en) | 2017-10-17 | 2018-10-17 | Pluripotent stem cells inducing osteochondral repair |
JP2019549320A JPWO2019078262A1 (ja) | 2017-10-17 | 2018-10-17 | 骨軟骨修復を誘導する多能性幹細胞 |
EP18867476.6A EP3698802A4 (en) | 2017-10-17 | 2018-10-17 | PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS INDUCING OSTEOCHONDRAL REPAIR |
KR1020207010507A KR20200070247A (ko) | 2017-10-17 | 2018-10-17 | 골연골 수복을 유도하는 다능성 간세포 |
CN201880067351.0A CN111225676A (zh) | 2017-10-17 | 2018-10-17 | 诱导骨软骨修复的多能性干细胞 |
SG11202003507QA SG11202003507QA (en) | 2017-10-17 | 2018-10-17 | Pluripotent stem cells inducing osteochondral repair |
CA3079500A CA3079500A1 (en) | 2017-10-17 | 2018-10-17 | Pluripotent stem cells inducing osteochondral repair |
US17/844,882 US20220313741A1 (en) | 2017-10-17 | 2022-06-21 | Pluripotent stem cells inducing osteochondral repair |
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