WO2019069712A1 - Câble de transmission d'ondes électromagnétiques - Google Patents

Câble de transmission d'ondes électromagnétiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019069712A1
WO2019069712A1 PCT/JP2018/035000 JP2018035000W WO2019069712A1 WO 2019069712 A1 WO2019069712 A1 WO 2019069712A1 JP 2018035000 W JP2018035000 W JP 2018035000W WO 2019069712 A1 WO2019069712 A1 WO 2019069712A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electromagnetic wave
foamed resin
transmission cable
resin material
dielectric
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Application number
PCT/JP2018/035000
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
康雄 細田
一智 小幡
知幸 宮本
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パイオニア株式会社
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Publication of WO2019069712A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019069712A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
    • H01P3/16—Dielectric waveguides, i.e. without a longitudinal conductor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromagnetic wave transmission cable.
  • a waveguide made of a dielectric such as resin is lighter in weight and more flexible than a metal cable such as a coaxial cable or a metal waveguide.
  • a metal cable such as a coaxial cable or a metal waveguide.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • the transmission loss is also small and the transmission efficiency is good, so millimeter waves (30 to 300 GHz) are mainly used. Is effective as a cable for transmitting electromagnetic waves in the THz band (0.1 to 100 THz).
  • the waveguide is made of a single-layer dielectric having a diameter smaller than the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave
  • the electromagnetic wave will propagate while leaking out from the surface of the waveguide.
  • the electromagnetic wave gets out of the waveguide and scatters.
  • PTFE or the like having a low refractive index is rod-shaped and used as a waveguide material, there arises a problem that there is no dielectric material which can be a clad layer having a single layer with a lower refractive index than the waveguide.
  • the problem to be solved by the present invention is, for example, the problem that the confinement effect of the electromagnetic wave is impaired when another object is in contact with the waveguide.
  • the invention according to claim 1 comprises one or more dielectric waveguides made of dielectrics and transmitting electromagnetic waves, and provided along the longitudinal direction of the one or more dielectric waveguides, And a foamed resin material covering the outer peripheral surface of the dielectric waveguide.
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the electromagnetic wave transmission cable of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a modification of the electromagnetic wave transmission cable of the first embodiment. It is a figure which shows typically the modification of the electromagnetic wave transmission cable of Example 1.
  • FIG. It is sectional drawing of the direction perpendicular
  • FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a modification of the electromagnetic wave transmission cable of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a modification of the electromagnetic wave transmission cable of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 is a view schematically showing an electromagnetic wave transmission cable of Example 2; FIG.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the electromagnetic wave transmission cable of the second embodiment in the longitudinal direction. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the presence or absence of outer covering, and a transmission loss. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the presence or absence of outer coating
  • FIG. 1 is a view schematically showing a configuration of the electromagnetic wave transmission cable 100 of the present embodiment.
  • the electromagnetic wave transmission cable 100 includes a dielectric waveguide 10 made of a dielectric such as resin, and a foamed resin material 20 that covers the outer surface of the dielectric waveguide 10.
  • the dielectric waveguide 10 is a waveguide for transmitting the electromagnetic wave EW.
  • the electromagnetic wave EW is, for example, a millimeter wave having a frequency of 30 to 300 GHz or a THz wave having a frequency of 0.1 to 100 THz.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the electromagnetic wave transmission cable 100 along the longitudinal direction.
  • the dielectric waveguide 10 has a cylindrical shape centered on the central axis CA. That is, the dielectric waveguide 10 has a rotationally symmetric shape about the central axis CA.
  • the dielectric waveguide 10 does not necessarily have to be cylindrical as long as the desired performance can be obtained.
  • FIG. 1 shows the case where the outer edge of the cross section of the dielectric waveguide 10 perpendicular to the central axis CA is circular, but it may be oval, elliptical, rectangular or the like.
  • the dielectric waveguide 10 is made of, for example, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) which is a fluorocarbon resin, or e-PTFE (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene) obtained by subjecting the same to a drawing process.
  • e-PTFE is obtained, for example, by stretching a PTFE material in at least one direction to give continuous porosity (structure having a large number of continuous pores) and then sintering and fixing (fixing by firing) at high temperature .
  • the dielectric waveguide 10 is stretched in the longitudinal direction, and pores continuous in the stretching direction are formed. In the following description, among the continuous porosity, one having pores continuous in the stretching direction is also referred to as particularly stretched porosity.
  • the dielectric waveguide 10 has a refractive index of about 1.5 when composed of PTFE, and a refractive index of about 1.1 to 1.2 when composed of e-PTFE. Have.
  • the dielectric waveguide 10 is configured such that the diameter of the waveguide (the diameter of the cross section in the direction perpendicular to the central axis CA) is sufficiently shorter than the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave EW to be transmitted.
  • the diameter of the dielectric waveguide 10 is set to, for example, 0.8 mm.
  • the foamed resin material 20 extends in the longitudinal direction of the dielectric waveguide 10 and covers the outer surface (that is, the outer peripheral surface) of the dielectric waveguide 10 so as to surround the outer periphery of the dielectric waveguide 10 .
  • the foamed resin material 20 has, as its simplest shape, a cross-sectional shape that is rotationally symmetric about the central axis CA of the dielectric waveguide 10.
  • the shape is arbitrary as long as a desired performance can be obtained.
  • FIG. 1 shows the case where the outer edge of the cross section of the foamed resin material 20 in the direction perpendicular to the central axis CA is circular, it may be an oval, an ellipse, a rectangle or the like.
  • the outer edge of the cross section of the foamed resin material 20 may have the same shape as the outer edge of the cross section of the dielectric waveguide 10, or may have a different shape.
  • the foamed resin material 20 is made of, for example, expanded polystyrene.
  • Expanded polystyrene has a structure in which air (pores) of refractive index 1 is finely interspersed in polystyrene having a refractive index of 1.6, and a large number of fine reflective interfaces between polystyrene, which is a dielectric, and air are present.
  • the average refractive index in the bulk state of the low-foam polystyrene foam used as a packaging material is 0.1
  • the average refractive index for electromagnetic waves of ⁇ 0.5 THz was about 1.1. From this result, it can be confirmed that a large amount of air is mixed in the expanded polystyrene.
  • the foamed resin material 20 contains a large amount of air, and the proportion of polystyrene in contact with the surface of the dielectric waveguide 10 is very small. Therefore, even when metal, a human body or the like contacts the outer surface of the foamed resin material 20 (that is, the surface opposite to the surface in contact with the dielectric waveguide 10), the leakage of electromagnetic waves can be greatly reduced. .
  • the thickness of the foamed resin material 20 is too thin, the effect of confining electromagnetic waves (that is, the effect of reducing the leakage of electromagnetic waves) is reduced.
  • the thickness of the foamed resin material 20 (the thickness of the coated portion) is desirably equal to or greater than the thickness (wavelength ⁇ average refractive index) corresponding to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave to be transmitted.
  • the thickness of the foamed resin material 20 is desirably set to 50 mm or less, preferably 10 mm or less.
  • FIG. 3 (a) is a cross-sectional view of an electromagnetic wave transmission cable in which a concavo-convex or notch-shaped structure (for example, shown as 20a in FIG. 3 (a)) is provided on the outer surface of the foamed resin material 20. .
  • a concavo-convex or notch-shaped structure for example, shown as 20a in FIG. 3 (a)
  • the electromagnetic wave transmission cable 100 can be easily bent.
  • FIG. 3 (b) by providing an uneven or notched structure (for example, shown as 20b in FIG. 3 (b)) on the inner surface in contact with the dielectric waveguide 10, it is possible to The confinement effect can be enhanced.
  • a coating OC may be provided.
  • the electromagnetic wave transmission cable 100 may be configured as a multi-lumen cable in which the foamed resin material 20 covers a plurality of dielectric waveguides.
  • the electromagnetic wave transmission cable 100 has a configuration in which the first dielectric waveguide 11 and the second dielectric waveguide 12 are provided, and the foamed resin material 20 covers them in common. It is good. According to such a configuration, it becomes possible to transmit a plurality of signals and a plurality of electromagnetic waves of different wavelengths (shown as EW1 and EW2 in the figure).
  • the outer edge of the cross section of the foamed resin material 20 may not be circular, but may be oval or the like as shown in FIG. 5A.
  • the number of dielectric waveguides in the multi-lumen cable is not limited to two, and as shown in FIG. 5B, the number of dielectric waveguides 11, 12 and 13 of three or more is more It may have a body waveguide.
  • the cross section of the foamed resin material 20 may be a polygon such as a square.
  • the outer edge of the cross section of the foamed resin material 20 is a quadrangle, and has a configuration covering the three dielectric waveguides 11, 12, and 13 having a circular cross section. You may
  • the plurality of dielectric waveguides in the multi-lumen cable may have mutually different diameters. Also, as shown in FIG. 5 (e), even if the plurality of dielectric waveguides have different cross-sectional shapes (for example, one has a circular outer edge and the other has an elliptical outer edge). good. That is, the diameter and the cross section of each of the plurality of dielectric waveguides can be set to an appropriate size and shape according to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave transmitted by each.
  • a connector portion for connecting the dielectric waveguides with each other and a predetermined dielectric waveguide 10 are used instead of covering the entire dielectric waveguide 10 with the foamed resin material 20, a connector portion for connecting the dielectric waveguides with each other and a predetermined dielectric waveguide 10 are used. Only a portion that may come in contact with another member, such as a support portion for holding at a height, may be covered with the foamed resin material 20. That is, the foamed resin material 20 may be provided over a predetermined length (distance) in the longitudinal direction of the dielectric waveguide 10, and may be provided at a plurality of places.
  • the foaming ratio of the foamed resin material 20 may be changed between a region close to the contact surface in contact with the dielectric waveguide 10 (i.e., inside) and a region far from the contact surface (i.e., outer).
  • the area from the area close to the contact surface with the dielectric waveguide 10 of the foamed resin material 20 to the area far from is divided into areas A1 to A4, and each area advances as areas A1, A2, A3 and A4.
  • the foaming rate of the area may be reduced stepwise.
  • the effect of confining the electromagnetic wave is enhanced by relatively increasing the foaming ratio, and in the outer region far from the contact surface with the dielectric waveguide 10.
  • the rigidity of the cable can be increased by relatively reducing the foaming rate.
  • the surface of the dielectric waveguide 10 is covered with the foamed resin material 20.
  • the foamed resin material 20 contains a large amount of air, and the average refractive index is smaller than the refractive index of the dielectric waveguide 10. According to this configuration, even when another object such as a metal or a human body is in contact with the outer surface of the electromagnetic wave transmission cable 100, it is possible to maintain the electromagnetic wave confinement effect in the dielectric waveguide 10. Become.
  • the dielectric waveguide 10 is made of PTFE or e-PTFE. Since the expanded porous resin (e-PTFE) used in the present embodiment has a characteristic micro nodule and a fine fiber structure in the extending direction, a low refractive index medium (average Can act as a low rate medium).
  • e-PTFE expanded porous resin
  • the porosity (proportion of the porous portion in the resin) of the drawn porous resin can be selected between 30 and 90% according to the application, but in order to coat the outside with the foamed resin material 20 as in this embodiment, The refractive index difference with the foamed resin material 20 is required. In order to suppress the transmission loss of electromagnetic waves, a refractive index difference of at least about 0.01 is required, and the desirable porosity obtained therefrom is 70% or less. Therefore, the optimum range of the porosity of the stretched porous resin in the dielectric waveguide 10 of the present embodiment is 30 to 70%.
  • FIG. 8 is a view schematically showing the configuration of the electromagnetic wave transmission cable 200 of the present embodiment.
  • the electromagnetic wave transmission cable 200 includes a dielectric waveguide 10 made of a dielectric such as resin, a foamed resin material 20 covering the outer surface of the dielectric waveguide 10, and a metal film 30 coating the outer surface of the foamed resin material 20. And.
  • the dielectric waveguide 10 is a waveguide for transmitting the electromagnetic wave EW.
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the electromagnetic wave transmission cable 200 along the longitudinal direction. Similar to the dielectric waveguide 10 and the foamed resin material 20, the metal film 30 has a rotationally symmetric shape around the central axis CA. The metal film 30 extends in the longitudinal direction of the dielectric waveguide 10, and the outer surface of the foamed resin material 20 covering the dielectric waveguide 10 so as to surround the outer periphery of the foamed resin material 20 about the central axis CA. Is further coated.
  • FIG. 8 shows the case where the outer edge of the cross section of the metal film 30 in the direction perpendicular to the central axis CA is circular, it may be oval, elliptical, rectangular or the like.
  • the outer edge of the cross section of the metal film 30 may have the same shape as the outer edge of the cross section of the dielectric waveguide 10 or the foamed resin material 20, or may have a different shape. That is, the metal film 30 may have a shape that covers the foamed resin material 20.
  • the dielectric waveguide 10 of the present embodiment is made of e-PTFE (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene) which is expanded by drawing PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), which is a fluorocarbon resin, to have continuous porosity, and fixed by firing. It consists of The dielectric waveguide 10 has a refractive index of about 1.1 to 1.2, and has a diameter of about 0.6 mm (the diameter of the cross section in the direction perpendicular to the central axis CA) shorter than the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave EW .
  • e-PTFE expanded polytetrafluoroethylene
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • the foamed resin material 20 of the present embodiment is composed of expanded polystyrene with an expansion ratio of about 30 times (about 3% of the bulk density).
  • the foamed resin material 20 has a refractive index (a refractive index close to 1, for example, 1.016) lower than that of the dielectric waveguide 10.
  • the foamed resin material 20 can be obtained by, for example, inserting the dielectric waveguide 10 inside the foamed resin having a hollow shape, winding the foamed resin around the dielectric waveguide 10, or the like. It is formed on the outer peripheral surface.
  • the metal film 30 is made of, for example, a metal having a relatively high conductivity such as gold, silver, copper or the like.
  • the metal film 30 is formed on the outer surface of the foamed resin material 20 and has a thickness of about 1 ⁇ m or more.
  • the metal film 30 can be formed, for example, by a method of forming a metal film directly on the surface of the foamed resin material 20, or a sheet with a metal film having a metal film formed beforehand on the surface of a dielectric sheet. It is manufactured by the method of winding so that it may face the side of.
  • the outer peripheral portion of the metal film 30 is covered with a protective film (not shown) made of a dielectric or the like.
  • This protective film has only a protective function and does not contribute to electromagnetic wave transmission.
  • the metal film 30 is produced by a method of winding the metal film-covered sheet around the foamed resin material 20, the dielectric sheet can be used as a protective film as it is without peeling off.
  • the metal film 30 is formed to further cover the outer surface of the foamed resin material 20 covering the dielectric waveguide 10. The effect of the metal film 30 will be described with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11.
  • FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the diameter of the dielectric waveguide and the transmission loss according to the presence or absence of the outer coating.
  • the transmission loss decreases as the diameter of the dielectric waveguide becomes smaller (the dielectric waveguide becomes thinner), as shown by a broken line in FIG.
  • the outer coating is formed in the range where the diameter of the dielectric waveguide is more than a certain extent (about 0.7 mm to 1 mm in FIG. 10).
  • the transmission loss is lower as compared to the case where it is not provided (shown by a broken line), and the transmission loss decreases as the diameter of the dielectric waveguide becomes smaller.
  • the diameter of the dielectric waveguide becomes smaller than a certain value (0.6 mm)
  • the transmission loss is deteriorated to the extent that transmission can not be performed (shown as unmeasurable in FIG. 10).
  • FIG. 11 is a graph showing the relationship between the diameter of the dielectric waveguide and the effective refractive index according to the presence or absence of the outer coating.
  • the effective refractive index indicates the average refractive index of the medium contributing to the electromagnetic wave transmission, and is a parameter that characterizes the transmission state of the electromagnetic wave.
  • the effective refractive index is Asymptotically to the refractive index (1.016). This indicates that the propagation medium of the electromagnetic wave is changed from the dielectric to the foamed resin as the diameter of the dielectric waveguide becomes smaller. In transmission using a foamed resin as a propagation medium, confinement of electromagnetic waves is unstable, and eventually transmission can not be performed.
  • the effective refractive index does not gradually approach the refractive index of the foamed resin, and the diameter of the dielectric waveguide is small.
  • the effective refractive index also decreases as This indicates that the electromagnetic wave propagation medium is not changed to the foamed resin, and the electromagnetic wave is stably transmitted in the dielectric portion of the dielectric waveguide.
  • the outer coating of the dielectric waveguide 10 is a double structure of the foamed resin material 20 and the metal film 30, so that the transmission occurs when covered only with the foamed resin. Loss reduction can be suppressed. That is, when the dielectric waveguide is coated only with the foamed resin, the electromagnetic wave is below the lower limit of the transmission loss determined by the physical properties of the dielectric waveguide and the foamed resin (for example, the effective refractive index is less than the refractive index of the foamed resin) Can not be transmitted. However, by further covering the foamed resin material 20 with the metal film as in the present embodiment, it is possible to realize the transmission loss equal to or lower than the lower limit value (the lower limit value of the transmission loss in the case of covering only with the foamed resin). .
  • the metal film 30 functions as a shield against electromagnetic waves (noises) from the outside. Therefore, since the dielectric waveguide 10 is shielded from the outside, stable electromagnetic wave transmission becomes possible.
  • the thickness of the entire covering portion can be reduced, so that miniaturization can be achieved.
  • the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the one shown in the above example.
  • the material of the foamed resin material 20 is not limited to this, and it may be made of a foamed resin material having an average attenuation rate of 0.1 cm ⁇ 1 or less.
  • the foamed resin material 20 may be made of foamed polyurethane, foamed polyolefin, foamed polyolefin (foamed polyethylene, foamed polypropylene), foamed polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or the like. That is, the foamed resin material 20 may be made of foamed resin of the same material as the dielectric waveguide 10.
  • the dielectric waveguide 10 As a material for forming the dielectric waveguide 10, an example is used in which e-PTFE obtained by further stretching and forming a PTFE material to give continuous porosity, and further sintering and fixing it.
  • e-PTFE obtained by further stretching and forming a PTFE material to give continuous porosity
  • sintering and fixing it.
  • such materials do not necessarily have to be sintered and fixed because they have low loss transmission performance even before sintering and fixing. That is, the dielectric waveguide 10 may be made of a dielectric material having expanded porosity.
  • the foamed resin material 20 is made of foamed polystyrene and the refractive index to an electromagnetic wave of 0.1 to 0.5 THz is about 1.1 has been described as an example.
  • the average refractive index of the foamed resin material 20 is not limited to this. It is desirable that the foaming rate of the foamed resin material 20 is high because a low refractive index produces a confinement effect of electromagnetic waves, but if the foaming rate is too high, it becomes too soft and difficult to handle. Therefore, it is desirable that the foamed resin material 20 is foamed to such an extent that the average refractive index in the bulk state is less than 1.2.
  • the dielectric waveguide 10 may be formed to have a diameter equal to or less than the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave EW, preferably equal to or less than a half wavelength.
  • the dielectric waveguide 10 is covered with the foamed resin material 20, and the outer surface of the foamed resin material 20 is covered with the metal film 30.
  • air may be sandwiched between the dielectric waveguide 10 and the metal film 30 instead of the foamed resin material 20.
  • the foamed resin material 20 may not be uniformly provided between the dielectric waveguide 10 and the metal film 30, but the foamed resin material 20 may be partially provided. According to such a configuration, it is possible to make the average refractive index close to one.
  • the metal film 30 may be patterned to partially cover the outer surface of the foamed resin material 20 as long as the distance is equal to or less than the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave EW.
  • the patterning of the metal film may be configured, for example, by a method of winding a metal thin wire or a method of covering a net like a mesh shield.
  • the patterning of the metal film may be configured by forming a wire grid or a metamaterial structure using a mask at the time of film formation.
  • the second embodiment by adjusting the structures and materials of the dielectric waveguide 10 and the metal film 30, it is possible to reduce the necessary thickness of the foamed resin material 20.
  • the metal film 30 is made of metal such as gold, silver or copper.
  • the metal film 30 may be made of aluminum or alloy.
  • a dielectric film may be used in place of the metal film 30 as an outer film for covering the foamed resin material 20. For example, if the dielectric film has a refractive index of about 1.4 or more, the refractive index difference at the interface can be sufficiently secured.
  • the electromagnetic wave transmission cable of this embodiment is, for example, a cable for large capacity high speed information communication for in-vehicle use as a substitute for a car information harness such as a car, a data center for large capacity communication required for large capacity communication, etc. It can be used as a cable.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un câble de transmission d'ondes électromagnétiques comprenant : un ou plusieurs guides d'ondes diélectriques qui sont formés d'un corps diélectrique et transmettent des ondes électromagnétiques ; et un matériau de mousse de résine qui est disposé le long de la direction longitudinale de l'un ou plusieurs guides d'ondes diélectriques et recouvre les surfaces circonférentielles externes de l'un ou plusieurs guides d'ondes diélectriques.
PCT/JP2018/035000 2017-10-02 2018-09-21 Câble de transmission d'ondes électromagnétiques WO2019069712A1 (fr)

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JP2017192623 2017-10-02

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113851806A (zh) * 2021-09-07 2021-12-28 珠海汉胜科技股份有限公司 一种介质波导及其制作方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5875301A (ja) * 1982-07-09 1983-05-07 Junkosha Co Ltd 伝送線路
JP2007235630A (ja) * 2006-03-01 2007-09-13 Nippon Tungsten Co Ltd 電磁波伝送線路およびアンテナ
WO2016182667A1 (fr) * 2015-05-14 2016-11-17 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Guide d'ondes ayant une matière non conductrice et procédés de son utilisation

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5875301A (ja) * 1982-07-09 1983-05-07 Junkosha Co Ltd 伝送線路
JP2007235630A (ja) * 2006-03-01 2007-09-13 Nippon Tungsten Co Ltd 電磁波伝送線路およびアンテナ
WO2016182667A1 (fr) * 2015-05-14 2016-11-17 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Guide d'ondes ayant une matière non conductrice et procédés de son utilisation

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113851806A (zh) * 2021-09-07 2021-12-28 珠海汉胜科技股份有限公司 一种介质波导及其制作方法

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