WO2019056762A1 - 一种利用黑水虻生物转化餐厨垃圾的方法 - Google Patents

一种利用黑水虻生物转化餐厨垃圾的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019056762A1
WO2019056762A1 PCT/CN2018/085965 CN2018085965W WO2019056762A1 WO 2019056762 A1 WO2019056762 A1 WO 2019056762A1 CN 2018085965 W CN2018085965 W CN 2018085965W WO 2019056762 A1 WO2019056762 A1 WO 2019056762A1
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black
mixture
kitchen waste
larvae
leeches
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PCT/CN2018/085965
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English (en)
French (fr)
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安新城
徐齐云
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广东省生物资源应用研究所
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Publication of WO2019056762A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019056762A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to a method for converting kitchen waste by using black water cockroaches.
  • Hermitia illucens is an insect of the genus Diptera, also known as the bright-spotted otter, which is distributed in most parts of the world's tropical and subtropical regions.
  • Many biological characteristics of black leeches are suitable for the conversion of kitchen waste, such as larvae camp rot, eating habits, large food intake, strong resistance, life history overlap and elasticity, and high nutritional value.
  • There are migration characteristics before the pupation so in the research field of converting kitchen waste into insect protein, black leeches quickly emerged from many dipteran insects and received extensive attention.
  • the method of multiple feeding is adopted, that is, the feeding is repeated every two or three days, many times.
  • the advantage of feeding is that the food waste of the kitchen waste is more adequately digested, the biomass of the larvae is accumulated more, and the remaining materials are more dry and easy to be screened, but the problem is that the multiple feedings not only increase the workload, but also make it difficult to automate the culture process of the black water. achieve.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for converting kitchen waste by using black water cockroaches, which can realize the one-time feeding of the kitchen waste can meet the growth needs of the black larvae larvae, and can greatly simplify the disposal method and improve. effectiveness.
  • the method for transforming kitchen waste by using black water scorpion organism comprises the following steps: adding auxiliary materials to the sorted and pulverized kitchen waste, adjusting relative humidity, obtaining a treatment material, adding EM bacteria, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture
  • the mixture is placed on a culture tray, and the 5 day old larvae of black water mash are added, and the larvae are kept at a temperature of 28° C.-32° C. and a relative humidity of 70%-90%. After the rearing, the mature larvae and residues of the black leeches are added. Material separation.
  • the method for converting kitchen waste by using black leeches comprises the steps of: adding auxiliary materials to the sorted and pulverized kitchen waste, the mass ratio of the kitchen waste to the auxiliary materials is 9:1, and adjusting the relative humidity to 80%, the treated material is obtained, and EM bacteria are added according to 1% to 3% of the total mass of the treated material, and the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture.
  • the mixture is spread on the culture tray, the thickness is 8-10 cm, and the mixture is added per kg of the mixture.
  • the amount of 0.02-0.04 kg of black pupa 5 day old larvae was added to the 5 day old larvae of black leeches, and the larvae were kept at a temperature of 28 ° C to 32 ° C and a relative humidity of 70% to 90%. After the rearing, the black leeches matured. The larvae and residual material are separated.
  • the larvae of the black otter will continue to lose water during the feeding process, and the larvae of the black otter must have a certain humidity guarantee.
  • the humidity is too high, which will lead to the lack of oxygen in the mixture and the difficulty of separation in the later stage.
  • the humidity is too low because of the black water.
  • Insufficient feeding of larvae leads to too much mixture; when the humidity of the mixture is 80%, it can ensure that the black pupa larvae feed for 6-8 days, and the humidity at the time of discharge is suitable for mature larvae and residual materials of black leeches. Separation.
  • Black otter is a temperature-changing animal, so it is very sensitive to temperature changes.
  • the method for converting kitchen waste by using black leeches comprises the steps of: adding auxiliary materials to the sorted and pulverized kitchen waste, the mass ratio of the kitchen waste to the auxiliary materials is 9:1, and adjusting the relative humidity to 80%, the treated material is obtained, and EM bacteria are added according to 1% of the total mass of the treated material, and the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture.
  • the mixture is spread on the culture tray, the thickness is 8 cm, and the culture tray size is 900 mm*500 mm*200 mm, each The culture tray was added with 25 kg of mixture and 0.5 kg of black pupa 5 day old larvae, and kept at a temperature of 28 ° C and a relative humidity of 80% for 6 days. After the rearing was completed, the culture trays raised to the 7th day were taken out and blackened. The mature larvae of the leech and the residual material are separated.
  • the excipient is bran or vinasse.
  • EM bacteria are microbial agents that are publicly available in the prior art. EM bacteria are added to the treatment material, including lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus, etc. The main function is that when the black water larvae feed on the upper part of the mixture, the bottom mixture can be subjected to anaerobic fermentation to prevent spoilage, and at the same time, the EM bacteria itself It can also antagonize other pathogenic microorganisms and provide protection for the growth and development of black leeches.
  • the mixture is put into a culture tray, the culture tray area is 0.4-0.5 m 2 , the height is 15-20 cm, and each culture tray is added with 25 kg mixture and 0.5-1.0 kg black water ⁇ 5 day old larva, mixture
  • the thickness is 8-10 cm.
  • the thickness of the mixture should not be too thick, and the black pupa larvae feed from top to bottom. If the thickness is too large, the larvae of the black leeches are incompletely treated due to lack of oxygen and do not feed the mixture of the bottom layer.
  • the thickness of the mixture is 8cm, the treatment effect is best.
  • Black larvae with many larvae and less mixed materials will lead to dysplasia of black pupa larvae, while black pupa larvae are less, and more mixed materials lead to material remaining and incomplete treatment.
  • the quality relationship between black pupa larvae and mixture is : 0.5 kg of 5 day old larvae corresponding to 25 kg of mixture (relative humidity of 80%), the treatment effect is best.
  • the culture tray has a specification of 900 mm*500 mm*200 mm.
  • the 5 day old larvae of the black otter are reared for 6-8 days, and after the rearing is completed, the mature larvae of the black leeches and the residual materials are separated. Further, the 5 day old larvae of the black otter are reared for 6 days, and after the rearing is completed, the mature larvae and the residual materials of the black leeches are separated, and the one-time feeding does not ensure that the larvae of the black leeches can reach the maximum biomass. Value, combined with a variety of factors, using 6 days for a treatment cycle can be optimal: the material is fully fed, the humidity is suitable for separation, the biomass is about 90%, the larva is active and the weight is neat.
  • the invention has the following advantages: providing an improved method for converting kitchen waste by using black water cockroaches, which can realize the one-time feeding of the kitchen waste can meet the growth needs of the black larvae larvae It can greatly simplify the disposal method and improve efficiency.
  • An improved method for converting kitchen waste by using blackwater cockroaches comprising the steps of: sorting and pulverizing kitchen waste into a blender through a conveying device, adding bran to the blender, quality of kitchen waste and bran
  • the ratio is 9:1
  • the relative humidity is adjusted to 80%
  • the treated material is obtained
  • EM bacteria are added according to 1% of the total mass of the treated material
  • the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain the mixture
  • the mixture is put into the culture tray, and the culture tray size is 900 mm*500 mm*200 mm.
  • Each feeding tray was sequentially added with 25 kg of mixture and 0.5 kg of black pupa 5 day old larvae.
  • the thickness of the mixture was 8 cm.
  • the mixture was kept at a temperature of 28 ° C and a relative humidity of 80%, and was kept for 6 days. On the 7th day, the culture tray was taken out, and the mixture in the culture tray was separated by a vibrating sieve to obtain mature larvae and residual materials of black leeches; one cycle of kitchen waste was processed.
  • An improved method for converting kitchen waste by using black water mites comprising the steps of: sorting and pulverizing kitchen waste into a mixer through a conveying device, adding bran to the mixer, mass ratio of kitchen waste and distiller's grains For 9:1, adjust the relative humidity to 80%, get the treated material, add EM bacteria according to 3% of the total mass of the treated material, mix and mix to obtain the mixture, and put the mixture into the culture tray.
  • the culture tray size is 900mm*500mm*200mm.
  • Each feeding tray was sequentially added with 25 kg of mixture and 0.5 kg of black pupa 5-day-old larvae.
  • the thickness of the mixture was 8 cm.
  • the mixture was kept at a temperature of 28 ° C and a relative humidity of 80%, and was kept for 8 days.
  • the 9-day culture tray was taken out, and the mixture in the culture tray was separated by vibrating screen to obtain the mature larvae and residual materials of the black leeks with larger biomass; one cycle of the kitchen waste was processed.
  • An improved method for converting kitchen waste by using blackwater cockroaches comprising the steps of: sorting and pulverizing kitchen waste into a blender through a conveying device, adding distiller's grains, mass ratio of kitchen waste to bran to the blender For 9:1, adjust the relative humidity to 80%, obtain the treated material, add EM bacteria to 1% of the total mass of the treated material, mix and mix to obtain the mixture, and put the mixture into the culture tray.
  • the area of the culture tray is 0.4m 2 , the height For 15cm, 25kg mixture and 0.5kg blackwater larvae of 5th instar larvae were added to each culture tray in turn.
  • the thickness of the mixture was 8cm.
  • the mixture was kept at a temperature of 28 °C and a relative humidity of 70% for 6 days.
  • the culture trays raised to the 7th day were taken out, and the mixture materials in the culture trays were separated by vibrating screen to obtain mature larvae and residual materials of black leeches respectively; one cycle of kitchen waste was processed.
  • An improved method for converting kitchen waste by using black water mites comprising the steps of: sorting and pulverizing kitchen waste into a mixer through a conveying device, adding distiller's grains to the mixer, and the mass ratio of the kitchen waste to the distiller's grains is 9:1, adjust the relative humidity to 80%, get the treated material, add EM bacteria according to 3% of the total mass of the treated material, mix and mix to obtain the mixture, put the mixture into the culture tray, the area of the culture plate is 0.5m 2 , the height is 20cm, 25kg mixture and 1.0kg blackwater larvae of 5th instar larvae were added to each culture tray in turn. The thickness of the mixture was 10cm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

一种利用黑水虻生物转化餐厨垃圾的工艺，包括以下步骤：在经分拣和粉碎的餐厨垃圾中加入辅料，调节相对湿度，得到处理料，加入EM菌，混合均匀得到混合料，将混合料铺在养殖盘上，加入黑水虻5日龄幼虫，在温度28℃-32℃、相对湿度70％-90％条件下饲养，饲养完成后，将黑水虻成熟幼虫和残余物料分离。

Description

一种利用黑水虻生物转化餐厨垃圾的方法 技术领域：
本发明属于环保技术领域，具体涉及一种利用黑水虻生物转化餐厨垃圾的方法。
背景技术：
黑水虻(Hermitia illucens)是双翅目水虻科扁角水虻属的一种昆虫，又称亮斑扁角水虻，在全球热带和亚热带的大部分地区都有分布。黑水虻的许多生物学特性都很适合用于餐厨垃圾的转化，例如幼虫营腐食性，食性杂，食量大，抗逆性强，生活史重叠且弹性很大，预蛹营养价值高，在化蛹前有迁移特性等，因此，在餐厨垃圾转化为昆虫蛋白的研究领域，黑水虻很快就从众多的双翅目昆虫中脱颖而出，受到了广泛的关注。
由于黑水虻幼虫的消化速度快、取食量大，因此在现有餐厨垃圾的生物转化工艺中，都是采用多次投料的方式，即每两天或三天投一次料，多次投料的好处是餐厨垃圾的取食消化比较充分、幼虫生物量积累较大、余料较为干燥容易筛分，但问题在于多次投料不仅增加了工作量，而且使得黑水虻自动化养殖工艺难以实现。
发明内容：
本发明的目的是提供一种利用黑水虻生物转化餐厨垃圾的方法，可以实现餐厨垃圾的一次性投料既能满足黑水虻幼虫的生长需要，又能极大的简化处置方法、提高效率。
本发明的利用黑水虻生物转化餐厨垃圾的方法，包括以下步骤：在经分拣和粉碎的餐厨垃圾中加入辅料，调节相对湿度，得到处理料，加入EM菌，混合均匀得到混合料，将混合料铺在养殖盘上，加入黑水虻5日龄幼虫，在温度28℃-32℃、相对湿度70％-90％条件下饲养，饲养完成后，将黑水虻成熟幼虫和残余物料分离。
优选地，利用黑水虻生物转化餐厨垃圾的方法，包括以下步骤：在经分拣和 粉碎的餐厨垃圾中加入辅料，餐厨垃圾和辅料的质量比为9:1，调节相对湿度至80％，得到处理料，按处理料总质量的1％～3％加入EM菌，混合均匀得到混合料，将混合料铺在养殖盘上，厚度为8-10cm，按每千克混合料中加入0.02-0.04千克黑水虻5日龄幼虫的量加入黑水虻5日龄幼虫，在温度28℃-32℃、相对湿度70％-90％条件下饲养，饲养完成后，将黑水虻成熟幼虫和残余物料分离。
黑水虻幼虫在取食过程中会不断散失水分，而黑水虻幼虫取食必须有一定的湿度保证，湿度太高会导致混合料缺氧以及后期的分离困难，而湿度太低因为黑水虻幼虫取食不充分而导致混合料剩余太多；混合料的湿度为80％时，可保证黑水虻幼虫采食6-8天后，出料时的湿度适宜黑水虻成熟幼虫和残余物料分离。黑水虻是变温动物，因此对温度变化非常敏感，温度过低会导致黑水虻幼虫的取食变缓、而温度过高会刺激黑水虻幼虫产生一系列行为反应(聚堆或浮于物料上层等)；28℃是最佳的黑水虻幼虫取食温度，不仅生长速度快，且生物积累量多、死亡率低。
优选地，利用黑水虻生物转化餐厨垃圾的方法，包括以下步骤：在经分拣和粉碎的餐厨垃圾中加入辅料，餐厨垃圾和辅料的质量比为9:1，调节相对湿度至80％，得到处理料，按处理料总质量的1％加入EM菌，混合均匀得到混合料，将混合料铺在养殖盘上，厚度为8cm，养殖盘规格为900mm*500mm*200mm，每个养殖盘加入25千克混合料和0.5千克黑水虻5日龄幼虫，在温度28℃、相对湿度80％条件下饲养6天，饲养完成后，将饲养至第7天的养殖盘取出，将黑水虻成熟幼虫和残余物料分离。
优选地，所述的辅料为麸皮或酒糟。
EM菌是现有技术中公开销售的菌剂。在处理料中加入EM菌，其包括乳酸菌和芽孢杆菌等，主要功能是当黑水虻幼虫在混合料上部取食时，底部的混合料能够进行厌氧发酵，防止腐败，同时，EM菌本身也能拮抗其他病原微生物，为黑水虻的生长发育提供保护。
优选地，将所述混合料投入养殖盘，养殖盘面积0.4-0.5m 2、高度15-20cm，每个养殖盘加入25千克混合料和0.5-1.0千克黑水虻5日龄幼虫，混合料的厚度为8-10cm。混合料铺的厚度不能太厚，黑水虻幼虫从上至下取食，如果厚度过大，黑水虻幼虫由于氧气缺乏不去采食底层的混合料而造成处理不彻底，在本发 明中，混合料厚度为8cm时，处理效果最佳。黑水虻幼虫多、混合料少的情况会导致黑水虻幼虫发育不良，而黑水虻幼虫少、混合料多则导致物料剩余，处理不彻底；黑水虻幼虫与混合料的质量关系为：0.5千克5日龄幼虫对应25千克混合料(相对湿度为80％)时，处理效果最佳。
优选地，所述的养殖盘规格为900mm*500mm*200mm。
优选地，将所述的黑水虻5日龄幼虫饲养6-8天，饲养完成后，将黑水虻成熟幼虫和残余物料分离。进一步的，将所述的黑水虻5日龄幼虫饲养6天，饲养完成后，将黑水虻成熟幼虫和残余物料分离，采用一次性投料并不能保证黑水虻幼虫能够达到生物量的最大值，综合多种因素，采用6天为一个处理周期可实现最优：物料被充分取食、湿度适宜分离、生物量实现90％左右、幼虫活跃且体重整齐。
与现有的技术相比，本发明的具有以下优点：提供一种利用黑水虻生物转化餐厨垃圾的改进方法，可以实现餐厨垃圾的一次性投料既能满足黑水虻幼虫的生长需要，又能极大的简化处置方法、提高效率。
具体实施方式：
以下实施例是对本发明的进一步说明，而不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1：
一种利用黑水虻生物转化餐厨垃圾的改进方法，包括以下步骤：将经分拣和粉碎的餐厨垃圾通过输送装置进入搅拌机，向搅拌机中加入麸皮，餐厨垃圾和麸皮的质量比为9:1，调节相对湿度至80％，得到处理料，按处理料总质量的1％加入EM菌，混合均匀得到混合料，将混合料投入养殖盘，养殖盘规格900mm*500mm*200mm，每个养殖盘中依次加入25千克混合料和0.5千克黑水虻5日龄幼虫，混合料的厚度为8cm，在温度28℃、相对湿度80％条件下饲养，饲养6天，将饲养至第7天的养殖盘取出，养殖盘中的混合物料经震动筛分离，分别获得黑水虻成熟幼虫和残余物料；一个周期的餐厨垃圾处理完毕。
实施例2：
一种利用黑水虻生物转化餐厨垃圾的改进方法，包括以下步骤：将经分拣和 粉碎的餐厨垃圾通过输送装置进入搅拌机，向搅拌机中加入麸皮，餐厨垃圾和酒糟的质量比为9:1，调节相对湿度至80％，得到处理料，按处理料总质量的3％加入EM菌，混合均匀得到混合料，将混合料投入养殖盘，养殖盘规格900mm*500mm*200mm，每个养殖盘中依次加入25千克混合料和0.5千克黑水虻5日龄幼虫，混合料的厚度为8cm，在温度28℃、相对湿度80％条件下饲养，饲养8天，将饲养至第9天的养殖盘取出，养殖盘中的混合物料经震动筛分离，分别获得生物量更大的黑水虻成熟幼虫和残余物料；一个周期的餐厨垃圾处理完毕。
实施例3：
一种利用黑水虻生物转化餐厨垃圾的改进方法，包括以下步骤：将经分拣和粉碎的餐厨垃圾通过输送装置进入搅拌机，向搅拌机中加入酒糟，餐厨垃圾和麸皮的质量比为9:1，调节相对湿度至80％，得到处理料，按处理料总质量的1％加入EM菌，混合均匀得到混合料，将混合料投入养殖盘，养殖盘面积为0.4m 2，高度为15cm，每个养殖盘中依次加入25千克混合料和0.5千克黑水虻5日龄幼虫，混合料的厚度为8cm，在温度28℃、相对湿度70％条件下饲养，饲养6天，将饲养至第7天的养殖盘取出，养殖盘中的混合物料经震动筛分离，分别获得黑水虻成熟幼虫和残余物料；一个周期的餐厨垃圾处理完毕。
实施例4：
一种利用黑水虻生物转化餐厨垃圾的改进方法，包括以下步骤：将经分拣和粉碎的餐厨垃圾通过输送装置进入搅拌机，向搅拌机中加入酒糟，餐厨垃圾和酒糟的质量比为9:1，调节相对湿度至80％，得到处理料，按处理料总质量的3％加入EM菌，混合均匀得到混合料，将混合料投入养殖盘，养殖盘面积为0.5m 2，高度为20cm，每个养殖盘中依次加入25千克混合料和1.0千克黑水虻5日龄幼虫，混合料的厚度为10cm，在温度32℃、相对湿度90％条件下饲养，饲养8天，将饲养至第9天的养殖盘取出，养殖盘中的混合物料经震动筛分离，分别获得生物量更大的黑水虻成熟幼虫和残余物料；一个周期的餐厨垃圾处理完毕。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种利用黑水虻生物转化餐厨垃圾的工艺，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：在经分拣和粉碎的餐厨垃圾中加入辅料，调节相对湿度，得到处理料，加入EM菌，混合均匀得到混合料，将混合料铺在养殖盘上，加入黑水虻5日龄幼虫，在温度28℃-32℃、相对湿度70％-90％条件下饲养，饲养完成后，将黑水虻成熟幼虫和残余物料分离。
  2. 一种利用黑水虻生物转化餐厨垃圾的工艺，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：在经分拣和粉碎的餐厨垃圾中加入辅料，餐厨垃圾和辅料的质量比为9:1，调节相对湿度至80％，得到处理料，按处理料总质量的1％-3％加入EM菌，混合均匀得到混合料，将混合料铺在养殖盘上，厚度为8-10cm，按每千克混合料中加入0.02-0.04千克黑水虻5日龄幼虫的量加入黑水虻5日龄幼虫，在温度28℃-32℃、相对湿度70％-90％条件下饲养，饲养完成后，将黑水虻成熟幼虫和残余物料分离。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的利用黑水虻生物转化餐厨垃圾的工艺，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：在经分拣和粉碎的餐厨垃圾中加入辅料，餐厨垃圾和辅料的质量比为9:1，调节相对湿度至80％，得到处理料，按处理料总质量的1％加入EM菌，混合均匀得到混合料，将混合料铺在养殖盘上，厚度为8cm，养殖盘规格为900mm*500mm*200mm，每个养殖盘加入25千克混合料和0.5千克黑水虻5日龄幼虫，在温度28℃、相对湿度80％条件下饲养6天，饲养完成后，将饲养至第7天的养殖盘取出，将黑水虻成熟幼虫和残余物料分离。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述的利用黑水虻生物转化餐厨垃圾的工艺，其特征在于，所述的辅料为麸皮或酒糟。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的利用黑水虻生物转化餐厨垃圾的工艺，其特征在于，将所述混合料投入养殖盘，养殖盘面积0.4-0.5m 2、高度15-20cm，每个养殖盘加入25千克混合料和0.5-1.0千克黑水虻5日龄幼虫，混合料的厚度为8-10cm。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的利用黑水虻生物转化餐厨垃圾的工艺，其特征在于，所述的养殖盘规格为900mm*500mm*200mm。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述的利用黑水虻生物转化餐厨垃圾的工艺，其特征在于，将所述的黑水虻5日龄幼虫饲养6-8天，饲养完成后，将黑水虻成熟幼虫和残余物料分离。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的利用黑水虻生物转化餐厨垃圾的工艺，其特征在于，将所述的黑水虻5日龄幼虫饲养6天，饲养完成后，将黑水虻成熟幼虫和残余物料分离。
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