WO2019042439A1 - 电池均衡系统、车辆、电池均衡方法及存储介质 - Google Patents

电池均衡系统、车辆、电池均衡方法及存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019042439A1
WO2019042439A1 PCT/CN2018/103683 CN2018103683W WO2019042439A1 WO 2019042439 A1 WO2019042439 A1 WO 2019042439A1 CN 2018103683 W CN2018103683 W CN 2018103683W WO 2019042439 A1 WO2019042439 A1 WO 2019042439A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
equalization
power supply
controller
supply branch
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/103683
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
罗红斌
王超
沈晓峰
曾求勇
Original Assignee
比亚迪股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 比亚迪股份有限公司 filed Critical 比亚迪股份有限公司
Priority to US16/642,718 priority Critical patent/US20200254902A1/en
Priority to EP18852139.7A priority patent/EP3675312B1/en
Publication of WO2019042439A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019042439A1/zh
Priority to US18/338,936 priority patent/US20230356626A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery pack equalization, and in particular to a battery equalization system, a vehicle, a battery equalization method, and a storage medium.
  • the power battery pack is an important part of it. Since the battery pack is formed by connecting a plurality of single cells in series, the difference between the cells in the battery pack gradually increases with the use of the battery, resulting in poor consistency between the battery cells. Due to the short board effect of the battery, the battery pack capacity cannot be fully utilized, resulting in a decrease in the overall capacity of the battery pack. Therefore, effective balancing management of the electric vehicle battery pack is beneficial to improve the consistency of each unit battery in the power battery pack, reduce the battery capacity loss, extend the battery life and the driving range of the electric vehicle. The meaning.
  • the battery information is collected during the charging and discharging process of the battery, whether the battery needs to be balanced, and the battery is equalized, and the equalization efficiency is low and the equalization time is long.
  • the purpose of the present application is to provide a battery equalization system, a vehicle, a battery equalization method, and a storage medium, which are used to solve the technical problem that the battery equalization system has low balance efficiency in the related art.
  • a battery equalization system including:
  • An equalization circuit for performing equalization processing on the single cells in the battery pack ;
  • a controller which is respectively connected to the collecting circuit and the equalizing circuit, and is configured to control the equalization when determining that a single battery in the battery pack needs to be turned on according to parameter information of the single battery in the battery pack
  • the circuit performs equalization processing on the single battery that needs to be turned on and equalized
  • the controller is configured to control the power supply branch to be connected to the power supply unit and the battery equalization system when the vehicle is in the OFF position and the single unit needs to be turned on, so that the power supply unit is The battery equalization system supplies power.
  • the power supply branch includes a first power supply branch and a second power supply branch;
  • the first power supply branch is connected to the power supply unit and the battery equalization system, and the first power supply branch is configured to supply power to the battery equalization system and the load of the whole vehicle except the battery equalization system;
  • the second power supply branch is connected to the power supply unit and the battery equalization system, and the second power supply branch is used to supply power to the battery equalization system;
  • the second power supply branch When the vehicle is in the OFF position and there is the unit battery that needs to be turned on, the second power supply branch is in an on state, and the first power supply branch is in an off state under the control of the vehicle body controller. .
  • the turning on and off of the first power supply branch and the second power supply branch are controlled by a switch.
  • the second power supply branch and the first power supply branch are respectively provided with a second switch and a first switch controlled by the vehicle body controller; the two sides of the second switch are respectively connected The power supply unit and the controller; one side of the first switch is connected to the power supply unit, and the other side of the first switch is connected to the controller and a load.
  • the second switch is controlled by the body controller; when the vehicle is in an OFF position and the unit cell needs to be turned on, the controller sends an equalization to the body controller Requesting to cause the body controller to control the second switch and the first switch to be in an on state and an off state, respectively.
  • the controller sends an equalization end request to the vehicle body controller, so that the The body controller controls the second switch to be in an open state.
  • the second switch is controlled by the controller; when the vehicle is in an OFF position and the unit cell needs to be turned on, the controller controls the second switch to be turned on, And after the second power supply branch is turned on, the vehicle body controller controls the first switch to be turned off.
  • the controller controls the second switch to be in an off state after the vehicle is in an OFF position and the equalization circuit ends the equalization process for the single cell that needs to be turned on.
  • the second switch is in an on state under the control of the controller or the body controller.
  • a third power supply branch is further included, one end of the third power supply branch is connected to the controller, and the other end of the third power supply branch is connected to the acquisition circuit and the equalization circuit.
  • the controller is respectively connected to the acquisition circuit and the equalization circuit corresponding to the same single cell through two channels.
  • the controller includes a control chip, and the control chip is respectively connected to an acquisition circuit and an equalization circuit corresponding to the same single cell through two pins, and the two pins are connected to the two channels.
  • the control chip is respectively connected to an acquisition circuit and an equalization circuit corresponding to the same single cell through two pins, and the two pins are connected to the two channels.
  • one of the two pins is connected to the equalization circuit through one of the two channels, and the other of the two pins is in the two channels.
  • Another channel is connected to the acquisition circuit.
  • the controller is connected to an acquisition circuit and an equalization circuit corresponding to the same single cell through a channel, and the acquisition circuit and the equalization circuit time-multiplex the channels.
  • the controller includes a control chip, and the control chip is connected to an acquisition circuit and an equalization circuit corresponding to the same single cell through a pin, and the pin passes through the channel and the equalization circuit and the The acquisition circuit is connected.
  • the controller is further configured to: when determining, according to the parameter information of the battery group, that a single battery in the battery pack needs to be turned on, obtain a target equalization time of the single battery that needs to be turned on, And controlling the equalization circuit to discharge the single cell that needs to be turned on according to the target equalization duration of the unit cell that needs to be turned on.
  • the application also provides a vehicle including the battery equalization system described above.
  • the present application also provides a battery equalization method for a vehicle having a battery, the vehicle including the battery equalization system described above, the battery equalization method comprising:
  • the equalization circuit is controlled by the controller to perform equalization processing on the single battery that needs to be turned on.
  • the battery equalization system further includes a first power supply branch connected to the power supply unit and the battery equalization system, and a second power supply branch connected to the power supply unit and the battery equalization system;
  • the controlling the power supply branch is connected to the power supply unit and the battery equalization system, including:
  • the first power supply branch is switched from an on state to an off state by the vehicle body controller.
  • controlling the second power supply branch is in an on state, including:
  • the second power supply branch is controlled to be in an on state by the vehicle body controller.
  • it also includes:
  • the second power supply branch is controlled to be in an off state by the vehicle body controller.
  • the power supply branch connected to the power supply unit and the battery equalization system is controlled
  • the conduction state enables the power supply unit to supply power to the battery equalization system when the vehicle is in the OFF state.
  • the controller can continue to control the equalization circuit to equalize the single-cell battery that needs to be balanced, thereby prolonging the battery equalization time.
  • the battery equalization effect is improved, and the technical problem of low balance efficiency of the battery equalization system in the related art is solved.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a battery equalization system, according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a power supply branch in a battery equalization system according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is another schematic diagram of a power supply branch in a battery equalization system according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is another block diagram of a battery equalization system, according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is another flowchart of a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is another flowchart of a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 8 is another flowchart of a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 9 is another flowchart of a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a block schematic diagram of a vehicle, according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a battery equalization system according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a power supply branch in a battery equalization system according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the battery equalization system is applied to a vehicle including a body controller 31 and a battery 33, the battery equalization system including an acquisition circuit 12, an equalization circuit 13, a controller 14, and a power supply branch.
  • the battery pack 11 is formed by connecting a plurality of single cells 111 in series, and the power supply unit may be a battery 33.
  • the battery 33 is a starter battery for powering the low voltage device of the vehicle.
  • the controller 14 is connected to the acquisition circuit 12 and the equalization circuit 13 of the same unit cell 111 in a one-to-one correspondence by two channels 120, 130, respectively.
  • the controller 14 includes a control chip, and the control chip is respectively connected to the acquisition circuit 12 and the equalization circuit 13 corresponding to the same single cell 111 through two pins, and the two pins and the two channels 120 One-to-one correspondence, one of the two pins is connected to the equalization circuit 13 through the channel 130, and the other of the two pins passes through the channel 120 and the The acquisition circuit 12 is connected.
  • the collecting circuit 12 is configured to collect parameter information of the single battery 111 in the battery pack 11 , and send the collected parameter information of the battery pack to the controller 14 , the battery pack 11 .
  • the unit cells 111 in the one-to-one correspondence with the acquisition circuit 12.
  • the parameter information includes information such as a battery voltage and a temperature.
  • the controller 14 controls the channel 120 to collect the parameter information of the battery pack 11 by controlling the channel 120 to be turned on.
  • the equalization circuit 13 is configured to perform equalization processing on the single cells 111 in the battery pack 11.
  • the single cells 111 in the battery pack 11 are in one-to-one correspondence with the equalization circuit 13. .
  • the channel 130 between the equalization circuit 13 and the controller 14 is turned on, so that the equalization circuit 13 can The body battery 111 is subjected to equalization processing.
  • the controller 14 is configured to determine, when determining that a single battery 111 in the battery pack 11 needs to be turned on, according to parameter information of the single battery 111 in the battery pack 11
  • the channel 130 is turned on, and the equalization circuit 13 is controlled to perform equalization processing on the unit cells 111 that need to be equalized.
  • the battery pack 11 In order to cause the battery pack 11 to continue to discharge or charge (ie, the vehicle is in the OFF state), the battery pack 11 can continue to be equalized, and the controller 14 is used when the vehicle is in the OFF position and has When the balanced unit cell 111 needs to be turned on, the power supply branch is controlled to be connected to the power supply unit and the battery equalization system, so that the power supply unit supplies power to the battery equalization system.
  • the power supply unit is a battery 33
  • the power supply branch includes a first power supply branch 15 and a second power supply branch 16 .
  • One end of the first power supply branch 15 is connected to the battery 33, and the other end is connected to the controller 14 and the load 32 respectively;
  • one end of the second power supply branch 16 is connected to the battery 33, and the other end is connected to The controller 14.
  • the first power supply branch 15 is controlled by the vehicle body controller 31, and the second power supply branch 16 is controlled by the vehicle body controller 31 or the controller 14. In FIG. 2, the second power supply branch 16 is controlled by the body controller 31.
  • the first power supply branch 15 can be in an on state under the control of the vehicle body controller 31.
  • the battery 33 is powered by the first power supply branch 15 to the controller 14 to maintain the power required by the controller 14 to operate. Since the acquisition circuit 12 and the equalization circuit 13 are both connected to the controller 14, when the battery 33 is supplied to the controller 14, the battery 33 can also be supplied to the acquisition circuit 12 and the equalization circuit 13.
  • the vehicle body controller 31 when the vehicle is in the OFF position, the vehicle body controller 31 needs to send a de-energization notification signal to the first power supply branch 15 to control the controller 14 and the load. 32 power off.
  • the controller 14 determines that the single battery 111 in the battery pack 11 needs to be turned on according to the parameter information of the single battery 111 in the battery pack 11, then the controller The battery controller 31 can control the second power supply branch 16 to be in an on state. Further, the battery 33 can be powered by the second power supply branch 16 to the The controller 14 is configured to maintain the power required to operate the controller 14. After the second power supply branch 16 is turned on, the vehicle body controller 31 controls the first power supply branch 15 to be in an off state to power down the load 32 other than the battery equalization system.
  • the controller 14 determines that the single battery 111 in the battery pack 11 needs to be turned on according to the parameter information of the single battery 111 in the battery pack 11
  • the body controller 31 can control any one of the first power supply branch 15 and the second power supply branch 16 to be in an on state. Further, the battery 33 can be powered to the controller 14 to The power required to operate the controller 14 is maintained.
  • the controller 14 can pass the following.
  • the method determines the single-cell battery 111 that needs to be turned on:
  • the minimum voltage value among the voltage values of the single cells 111 in the battery pack 11 is used as a reference voltage value.
  • the unit cell 111 having a voltage difference greater than or equal to the preset voltage difference threshold is determined as It is described that the balanced unit cell 111 needs to be turned on.
  • the single-cell battery that needs to be turned on can be determined by other parameter information of the battery pack.
  • the battery equalization system adopts an active equalization method to equalize the single-cell battery, that is, When the unit cells that need to be turned on are charged, the maximum voltage value among the voltage values of the individual cells in the battery pack is used as a reference voltage value.
  • the controller 14 determines, when the single battery 111 in the battery pack 11 needs to be turned on, according to the parameter information of the single battery 111 in the battery pack 11, for example, according to the need to turn on the balanced single
  • the voltage value of the body battery 111 and the reference voltage value acquire the target equalization time length of the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on, and control the equalization circuit according to the target equalization time length of the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on. 13 equalizes the unit cells 111 that need to be turned on.
  • the controller 14 controls the equalization circuit 13 to perform equalization processing on the single-cell battery 111 that needs to be turned on according to the target equalization duration and the equalization duty ratio, where the equalization duty ratio is the required
  • the ratio of the equalization period of the balanced unit cell 111 to the unit period is turned on.
  • One unit period includes: the equalization period and the acquisition period. During the acquisition period, the acquisition circuit 12 collects parameter information of the battery pack 11; during the equalization period, the equalization circuit 13 equalizes the unit cells 111 in the battery pack 11 that need to be balanced. deal with.
  • the acquisition circuit 12 may determine a minimum voltage value among the voltage values of the individual cells 111 of the battery pack 11 as the reference voltage value, the pre-predetermined Let the voltage difference threshold be 5mV (or other value).
  • the controller 14 compares the minimum voltage value Vmin in each of the unit cells 111, and determines whether the difference between the voltage value of each of the unit cells 111 of the battery pack 11 and Vmin is less than 5 mV. If so, the equalization consistency of the battery pack 11 is good, and no equalization is required; if it is greater than 5 mV, the single cell 111 having a difference of more than 5 mV from Vmin is used as the single cell 111 that needs to be turned on.
  • the vehicle body controller 31 controls the second power supply branch 16 to be in an on state, and further, the battery 33 can be powered by the second power supply branch 16 The controller 14. Then, the controller 14 controls the equalization circuit 13 to discharge the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on. After the second power supply branch 16 is turned on, the vehicle body controller 31 controls the first power supply branch 15 to be in an off state to power down the load 32.
  • the controller 14 can continuously read the voltage information of the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on, and determine whether the voltage difference between Vmin and the unit cell is less than 5 mV. If yes, the discharge is stopped, and the equalization ends.
  • the vehicle body controller 31 controls the second power supply branch 16 to be in an off state to power off the controller 14; if it is still greater than 5 mV, continue to read cyclically.
  • the voltage information of the balanced unit cell 111 needs to be turned on until the voltage difference between Vmin and the unit cell is less than 5 mV, the discharge is stopped, the equalization ends, and the vehicle body controller 31 controls the second power supply branch 16 to be at The state is turned off to power down the controller 14.
  • the voltage value and the Vmin of the balanced unit cell 111 can be turned on according to the requirement, and the target equalization period of the unit cell 111 that needs to be balanced can be calculated. And after the start of the discharge, the discharge duration of the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on is counted, and when the difference between the charge duration of the unit cell 111 and the target equalization period is within a threshold range, the discharge is stopped. At the end of the equalization, the body controller 31 controls the second power supply branch 16 to be in an open state to power down the controller 14.
  • the present invention improves the electrical connection structure of the battery equalization system, and controls the second power supply branch as the backup power supply branch when the whole vehicle is in the OFF state and the single battery needs to be turned on in the battery pack.
  • the state of the battery allows the battery to be powered to the controller when the vehicle is in the OFF state. Further, the controller can continue to control the equalization circuit to equalize the single cell that needs to be balanced, thereby prolonging the battery equalization time and improving the battery.
  • the battery equalization effect solves the technical problem that the battery equalization system has low balance efficiency in the related art.
  • the second power supply branch 16 and the first power supply branch 15 are respectively provided with a second switch 162 and a first switch 151 controlled by the vehicle body controller 31.
  • the battery 33 and the controller 14 are respectively connected to two sides of the second switch 162; one side of the first switch 151 is connected to the battery 33, and the other side of the first switch 151 is respectively The controller 14 and the load 33 are connected.
  • the second switch 162 is controlled by the body controller 31.
  • the first switch 151 and the second switch 162 may be relay switches, and the body controller 31 controls the first switch 151 and the second switch 162 by outputting control signals.
  • the controller 31 transmits an equalization request to the vehicle body controller 31 when the vehicle is in the OFF position and there is the unit cell in which the equalization needs to be turned on.
  • the vehicle body controller 31 After receiving the equalization request, the vehicle body controller 31 outputs control signals to the first switch 151 and the second switch 162, respectively.
  • the second switch 162 is switched to an on state, that is, the second power supply branch 16 is in an on state; the first switch 151 is switched to be off after receiving the control signal.
  • the state, that is, the first power supply branch 15 is in an off state.
  • the controller 14 After the vehicle is in the OFF position and the equalization circuit 13 ends the equalization process for the unit battery that needs to be turned on, the controller 14 sends an equalization end request to the vehicle body controller 31, the vehicle body controller After receiving the equalization end request, the control signal is output to the second switch 162. After receiving the control signal, the second switch 162 is switched to the off state, that is, the second power supply branch 16 is in the off state, and the controller 14 is powered off.
  • the body controller 31 controls the second switch 162 to remain in an on state.
  • the equalization circuit 13 ends the equalization process for the single battery that needs to be turned on
  • the vehicle body controller 31 controls the second switch 162 to be disconnected, and all the high voltage devices of the vehicle are turned off. Both stopped working.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another power supply branch in a battery equalization system, according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the second switch 162 is controlled by the controller 14.
  • the controller 14 When the vehicle is in the OFF position and there is the single battery that needs to be turned on, the controller 14 outputs a control signal to the second switch 162, and the second switch 162 switches to the guide after receiving the control signal.
  • the pass state that is, the second power supply branch 16 is in an on state.
  • the vehicle body controller 31 controls the first switch 151 to be turned off.
  • the controller 14 controls the second switch 162 to be in an off state when the vehicle is in the OFF position and the equalization circuit 13 ends the equalization process for the unit cells that need to be turned on.
  • the controller 14 controls the second switch 162 to remain in an on state.
  • the controller 14 controls the second switch 162 to be disconnected, and all the high voltage devices of the vehicle are stop working.
  • the conduction and disconnection of the first power supply branch 15 and the second power supply branch 16 may also be controlled by a switch, which may be a single pole double throw switch.
  • the battery equalization system further includes a third power supply branch 17, one end of the third power supply branch 17 is connected to the controller 14, and the other end of the third power supply branch 17 is connected.
  • the third power supply branch 17 is maintained in an on state. Since the third power supply branch 17 is always in the on state, when the battery 33 is powered by the first power supply branch 15 or the second power supply branch 16 to the controller 14, it can also pass the third The power supply branch 17 supplies power to the acquisition circuit 12 and the equalization circuit 13.
  • a third switch 173 controlled by the controller 14 is disposed on the third power supply branch 17, and one side of the third switch 173 is connected to the controller 14, The other side of the third switch 173 is connected to the acquisition circuit 12 and the equalization circuit 13.
  • the third switch 173 is maintained in an on state under the control of the controller 14.
  • the third switch 173 is under the control of the controller 14.
  • the on state is switched to the off state to cause the battery pack 11 to supply power to the equalization circuit 13 and the acquisition circuit 12.
  • the controller 14 determines, according to the parameter information of the single battery 111 in the battery pack 11, that the single battery 111 in the battery pack 11 needs to be turned on and equalized, and the balance needs to be turned on.
  • an equalization command for instructing the unit cell 111 in the battery pack 11 that needs to be turned on equalization and the target equalization period of the unit cell 111 is transmitted to the equalization circuit 13.
  • the third switch 173 is switched from the on state to the off state under the control of the controller 14, that is, when the equalization circuit 13 turns on the balance for the need.
  • the controller 14 controls the third switch 173 to switch from the on state to the off state when the cell is subjected to the equalization process. Since the single battery 111 in the battery pack 11 is connected to the collecting circuit 12 and the equalizing circuit 13 in one-to-one correspondence, when the third switch 173 is disconnected, the working power of the collecting circuit 12 and the equalizing circuit 13 is from the battery. The unit cells 111 in the group 11 are powered, and the controller 14 performs normal operation.
  • the controller 14 after the third switch 173 is turned off, the controller 14 periodically enters a sleep mode in which the controller 14 is in a low power operation state. The period can be every 15s, 20s or other interval periods.
  • the controller 14 controls the third switch 173 to be turned on to obtain parameter information of the single battery 111 in the battery pack 11 and the equalization circuit 13
  • the remaining processing time of the equalization processing of the unit cells 111 that need to be turned on is required, and the controller 14 can adjust the equalization processing of the unit cells 111 that need to be turned on in real time.
  • FIG. 4 is another block diagram of a battery equalization system, according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the battery equalization system includes an acquisition circuit 12, an equalization circuit 13, a controller 14, a first power supply branch 15 and a second power supply branch 16, wherein the battery pack 11 It is formed by connecting a plurality of unit cells 111 in series.
  • the difference from the battery equalization system of FIG. 1 is that the controller 14 of the battery equalization system in FIG. 4 is connected to the acquisition circuit 12 and the equalization circuit 13 corresponding to the same unit cell 111 through a channel 140.
  • the controller 14 determines that the unit cells 111 do not need to be equalized, the controller 14 is connected to the corresponding acquisition circuit 12 through the channel 140; or, when the controller 14 determines that the unit cells 111 need to be performed During the equalization, the acquisition circuit 12 and the equalization circuit 13 of the single cell 111 are time-multiplexed with the channel 140, that is, the control module 14 is time-divisionally connected to the corresponding acquisition module 12 and the equalization module 13 through the channel 140.
  • the controller 14 includes a control chip that is connected to an acquisition circuit 12 and an equalization circuit 13 corresponding to the same single cell 111 through a pin through which the pin and the equalization circuit 13 pass. Connected to the acquisition circuit 12.
  • the controller 14 controls the equalization circuit 13 to perform equalization processing on the single-cell 111 that needs to be turned on according to the target equalization duration and the equalization duty ratio, and the equalization.
  • the duty ratio is the ratio of the equalization period to the unit period of the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on, and the unit period includes the equalization period and the acquisition period.
  • the equalization duty ratio may also be a ratio of the duration of the equalization circuit 13 occupying the channel 140 to the total duration occupied by the channel 140; wherein the total duration of the channel 140 is occupied.
  • the duration in which the equalization circuit 13 occupies the channel 140 and the duration in which the acquisition circuit 12 occupies the channel 140 are included.
  • the controller 14 connects the channel 140 to the acquisition circuit 12, and further controls the acquisition circuit 12 to collect parameter information of the battery pack 11;
  • the controller 14 is configured to acquire, when the single battery 111 in the battery pack 11 needs to be turned on and equalized according to the parameter information of the single battery 111 in the battery pack 11, acquire the single-cell battery 111 that needs to be turned on and equalized. a target equalization duration and an equalization duty ratio, and the channel 140 is connected to the equalization circuit 13 corresponding to the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on. Then, the controller 14 turns on the equalization unit according to the requirement.
  • the target equalization duration and the equalization duty ratio of the battery 111 control the equalization circuit 13 to conduct the connection of the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on and the generator 30 or the battery 33, that is, the controller 14 can
  • the on-time of the first switch 131 in FIG. 2 or the second switch 135 in FIG. 3 is controlled according to the target equalization duration and the equalization duty ratio.
  • the controller 14 determines an equalization period and an acquisition period according to the target equalization duration and the equalization duty ratio, where the sum of the equalization period and the collection period is equal to the channel 140 is The total length of time occupied; in the collecting period, the channel 140 is connected to the collecting circuit 12, so that the collecting circuit 12 collects parameter information of the battery pack 11; in the equalizing period, the channel The equalization circuit 13 that needs to perform equalization processing is connected to the 140, and the equalization circuit 13 is in an on state, so that the equalization circuit 13 performs equalization processing on the unit cells 111 in the battery pack 11 that need to be equalized.
  • the controller in the present application and the voltage sampling circuit and the equalization circuit of each unit cell are time-multiplexed one channel, the number of channels of the controller is reduced, thereby reducing the hardware cost; and due to battery sampling and equalization Separately, the equalization current does not affect the battery voltage, which improves the accuracy of the battery voltage sampling.
  • the present application also provides a vehicle 100, as shown in FIG. 10, which includes the battery equalization system 110 described above, wherein the specific manner in which the various circuits perform operations has been described in detail in the embodiment relating to the system, Do not elaborate on the explanation.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in FIG. 5, the battery equalization method is applied to a vehicle including the above battery equalization system, and the method includes the following steps.
  • Step S51 collecting parameter information of the single battery in the battery group by using the collecting circuit.
  • Step S52 when it is determined that a single battery in the battery pack needs to be balanced according to parameter information of the single battery in the battery pack, and the vehicle is in an OFF position, the power supply branch is controlled to be connected to the power supply unit and The battery equalization system causes the power supply unit to supply power to the battery equalization system.
  • Step S53 the equalizing circuit is controlled by the controller to perform equalization processing on the single battery that needs to be turned on.
  • the battery equalization system further includes a first power supply branch connected to the power supply unit and the battery equalization system, and a second power supply branch connected to the power supply unit and the battery equalization system;
  • the controlling the power supply branch is connected to the power supply unit and the battery equalization system, including:
  • the first power supply branch is switched from an on state to an off state by a vehicle body controller.
  • FIG. 6 is another flow chart of a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in Figure 6, the method includes the following steps.
  • Step S61 collecting parameter information of the single battery in the battery group by using the collecting circuit.
  • Step S62 when it is determined according to parameter information of the single battery in the battery pack that a single battery in the battery pack needs to be balanced, and the vehicle is in an OFF position, the controller is used to the vehicle body controller. Send an equalization request.
  • Step S63 after the vehicle body controller receives the equalization request, the second power supply branch is controlled to be in an on state by the vehicle body controller.
  • Step S64 after the second power supply branch is turned on, the first power supply branch is switched from the conductive state to the disconnected state by the vehicle body controller.
  • Step S65 the equalizing circuit is controlled by the controller to perform equalization processing on the single battery that needs to be turned on.
  • Step S66 confirming, by the controller, that the equalization circuit ends the equalization process for the single cell that needs to be turned on equalization.
  • Step S67 the equalization end request is sent to the vehicle body controller by the controller.
  • Step S68 after the vehicle body controller receives the equalization end request, the second power supply branch is controlled to be in an off state by the vehicle body controller.
  • FIG. 7 is another flow chart of a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in Figure 7, the method includes the following steps.
  • Step S71 collecting parameter information of the single battery in the battery group by using the collecting circuit.
  • Step S72 when it is determined that a single battery in the battery pack needs to be balanced according to parameter information of the single battery in the battery pack, and the vehicle is in an OFF position, the second power supply is controlled by the controller.
  • the branch is in a conducting state.
  • Step S73 after the second power supply branch is turned on, the first power supply branch is switched from the conductive state to the disconnected state by the vehicle body controller.
  • Step S74 the equalizing circuit is controlled by the controller to perform equalization processing on the single battery that needs to be turned on.
  • Step S75 confirming, by the controller, that the equalization circuit ends the equalization processing on the single battery that needs to be turned on.
  • Step S76 the second power supply branch is controlled to be in an off state by the controller.
  • the second switch is controlled to be in an on state.
  • FIG. 8 is another flow chart of a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the battery equalization system further includes a third power supply branch, one end of the third power supply branch is connected to the controller, and the other end of the third power supply branch is connected to the collection.
  • a circuit and the equalization circuit the method comprising the following steps.
  • Step S81 collecting parameter information of the single battery in the battery group by using the collecting circuit.
  • Step S82 controlling, according to the parameter information of the single battery in the battery group, that the single battery needs to be turned on in the battery pack, and the vehicle is in the OFF position, controlling the second power supply branch to be turned on. status.
  • Step S83 after the second power supply branch is turned on, the first power supply branch is switched from the conductive state to the disconnected state by the vehicle body controller.
  • Step S84 the equalizing circuit is controlled by the controller to perform equalization processing on the single battery that needs to be turned on.
  • Step S85 controlling, by the controller, the third power supply branch to switch from an on state to an off state, so that the battery pack supplies power to the equalization circuit and the acquisition circuit.
  • step S86 the controller periodically enters a sleep mode.
  • Step S87 when the controller exits the sleep mode, the third power supply branch is controlled to be turned on by the controller to obtain parameter information of the single battery in the battery group and the equalization circuit further The remaining processing time for the equalization processing of the single cells that need to be turned on equalization is required.
  • the third power supply branch is controlled to maintain an on state by the controller.
  • FIG. 9 is another flow chart of a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in FIG. 9, the controller is connected to an acquisition circuit and an equalization circuit corresponding to the same single cell through a channel, and the acquisition circuit and the equalization circuit time-multiplex the channel; the method includes the following steps.
  • Step S91 collecting parameter information of the single battery in the battery group by using the collecting circuit.
  • Step S92 when it is determined that a single battery in the battery pack needs to be turned on according to parameter information of the single battery in the battery pack, and the vehicle is in an OFF position, the power supply branch is connected to the power supply unit and The battery equalization system causes the power supply unit to supply power to the battery equalization system.
  • Step S93 obtaining, by the controller, a target equalization duration and an equalization duty ratio of the single battery that needs to be turned on, and the equalization duty ratio is an equalization period and a unit of the single battery that needs to be balanced. a ratio of periods, the unit period including the equalization period and an acquisition period.
  • Step S94 the controller controls the equalization circuit to perform equalization processing on the unit cells that need to be turned on according to the target equalization duration and the equalization duty ratio of the unit cells that need to be turned on.
  • the present application also provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the battery equalization method described above.

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  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
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  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

一种电池均衡系统、车辆、电池均衡方法及存储介质。电池均衡系统包括：采集电路（12）；均衡电路（13）；控制器（14），连接于采集电路（12）和均衡电路（13）；以及供电支路，控制器（14）用于在车辆处于OFF档且有需要开启均衡的单体电池（111）时，控制供电支路连接于供电单元和电池均衡系统，使供电单元为电池均衡系统供电。

Description

电池均衡系统、车辆、电池均衡方法及存储介质
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为201710773473.9，申请日为2017年8月31日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池组均衡领域，具体地，涉及一种电池均衡系统、车辆、电池均衡方法及存储介质。
背景技术
在电动车辆中，动力电池组是其重要的组成部分。由于电池组是由多个单体电池串联连接而成，随着电池的使用，电池组中各单体间的差异性逐渐扩大，导致电池单体间一致性差。由于电池的短板效应，使电池组容量不能充分发挥，导致电池组的整体容量减少。因此，对电动车辆动力电池组进行有效的均衡管理，有利于提高动力电池组中各单体电池的一致性，减少电池的容量损失，延长电池的使用寿命及电动车辆续驶里程，具有十分重要的意义。
在相关均衡技术实际应用中，主要在电池充、放电过程中，采集电池信息，判电池是否需要开启均衡，并对电池进行均衡处理，其均衡效率较低，均衡时间较长。
发明内容
本申请的目的是提供一种电池均衡系统、车辆、电池均衡方法及存储介质，用于解决相关技术中电池均衡系统均衡效率较低的技术问题。
为了实现上述目的，本申请提供一种电池均衡系统，包括：
采集电路，用于采集电池组中单体电池的参数信息；
均衡电路，用于对所述电池组中的单体电池进行均衡处理；
控制器，分别连接于所述采集电路和所述均衡电路，用于在根据所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理；
供电支路，所述控制器用于在车辆处于OFF档且有所述需要开启均衡的单体电池时，控制所述供电支路连接于供电单元和所述电池均衡系统，使供电单元为所述电池均衡系统供电。
可选地，所述供电支路包括第一供电支路和第二供电支路；
所述第一供电支路连接于所述供电单元和所述电池均衡系统，所述第一供电支路用于为所述电池均衡系统和整车除所述电池均衡系统外的负载供电；
所述第二供电支路连接于所述供电单元和所述电池均衡系统，所述第二供电支路用于为所述电池均衡系统供电；
当所述车辆处于OFF档且有所述需要开启均衡的单体电池时，所述第二供电支路处于导通状态，所述第一供电支路在车身控制器的控制下处于断开状态。
可选地，所述第一供电支路和所述第二供电支路的导通和切断由开关控制。
可选地，所述第二供电支路和所述第一供电支路上分别设有第二开关和受控于所述车身控制器的第一开关；所述第二开关的两侧分别连接着所述供电单元和所述控制器；所述第一开关的一侧连接着所述供电单元，所述第一开关的另一侧连接着所述控制器和负载。
可选地，所述第二开关受控于所述车身控制器；当所述车辆处于OFF档且有所述需要开启均衡的单体电池时，所述控制器向所述车身控制器发送均衡请求，以使所述车身控制器控制所述第二开关和所述第一开关分别处于导通状态和断开状态。
可选地，当所述车辆处于OFF档且所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池结束均衡处理后，所述控制器向所述车身控制器发送均衡结束请求，以 使所述车身控制器控制所述第二开关处于断开状态。
可选地，所述第二开关受控于所述控制器；当所述车辆处于OFF档且有所述需要开启均衡的单体电池时，所述控制器控制所述第二开关导通，且在所述第二供电支路导通后，所述车身控制器控制所述第一开关断开。
可选地，当所述车辆处于OFF档且所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池结束均衡处理后，所述控制器控制所述第二开关处于断开状态。
可选地，所述车辆上电后，所述第二开关在所述控制器或所述车身控制器的控制下处于导通状态。
可选地，还包括第三供电支路，所述第三供电支路的一端连接于所述控制器，所述第三供电支路的另一端连接于所述采集电路和所述均衡电路。
可选地，所述控制器通过两个通道分别与对应于同一单体电池的采集电路和均衡电路连接。
可选地，所述控制器包括控制芯片，所述控制芯片通过两个引脚分别与对应于同一单体电池的采集电路和均衡电路连接，所述两个引脚与所述两个通道一一对应，所述两个引脚中的一个引脚通过所述两个通道中的一个通道与所述均衡电路连接，所述两个引脚中的另一引脚所述两个通道中的另一通道通过与所述采集电路连接。
可选地，所述控制器通过一个通道与对应于同一单体电池的采集电路和均衡电路连接，该采集电路和该均衡电路分时复用所述通道。
可选地，所述控制器包括控制芯片，所述控制芯片通过一个引脚与对应于同一单体电池的采集电路和均衡电路连接，所述引脚通过所述通道与所述均衡电路和所述采集电路连接。
可选地，所述控制器还用于在根据所述电池组的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，获取所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长，并按照所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行放电。
本申请还提供了一种车辆，包括上述的电池均衡系统。
本申请还提供了一种电池均衡方法，应用于具有蓄电池的车辆，所述车辆包括上述的电池均衡系统，所述电池均衡方法包括：
通过所述采集电路采集所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息；
在根据所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡、且所述车辆处于OFF档时，控制所述供电支路连接于供电单元和所述电池均衡系统，使供电单元为所述电池均衡系统供电；
通过所述控制器控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理。
所述电池均衡系统还包括连接于所述供电单元和所述电池均衡系统的第一供电支路、以及连接于所述供电单元和所述电池均衡系统第二供电支路；
所述控制所述供电支路连接于供电单元和所述电池均衡系统，包括：
控制所述第二供电支路处于导通状态；
在所述第二供电支路导通后，通过所述车身控制器将所述第一供电支路从导通状态切换为断开状态。
可选地，所述控制所述第二供电支路处于导通状态，包括：
通过所述控制器向车身控制器发送均衡请求；
在所述车身控制器接收到所述均衡请求后，通过所述车身控制器控制所述第二供电支路处于导通状态。
可选地，还包括：
通过所述控制器确认所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池结束均衡处理；
通过所述控制器向所述车身控制器发送均衡结束请求；
在所述车身控制器接收到所述均衡结束请求后，通过所述车身控制器控制所述第二供电支路处于断开状态。
本申请的实施例提供的技术方案可以包括以下有益效果：
通过对电池均衡系统的电气连接结构进行改进，在整车处于OFF档状态、且电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，通过控制连接于供电单元和所述电池均衡系统的供电支路处于导通状态，使得供电单元可以在整车处于OFF档状态下供电给电池均衡系统，进而，控制器能够继续控制均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理，延长了电池均衡时间，改善了电池均衡效果，解决了相关技术中电池均衡系统均衡效率较低的技术问题。
本申请的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本申请，但并不构成对本申请的限制。在附图中：
图1是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡系统的框图；
图2是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡系统中供电支路的示意图；
图3是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡系统中供电支路的另一示意图；
图4是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡系统的另一框图；
图5是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡方法的流程图；
图6是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡方法的另一流程图；
图7是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡方法的另一流程图；
图8是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡方法的另一流程图；
图9是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡方法的另一流程图；以及
图10是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种车辆的方框示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本申请的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本申请，并不用于限制本申请。
图1是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡系统的框图，图2是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡系统中供电支路的示意图。如图1和图2所示，所述电池均衡系统应用于包括车身控制器31和蓄电池33的车辆中，该电池均衡系统包括采集电路12、均衡电路13、控制器14以及供电支路。其中，电池组11是由多个单体电池111串联连接而成，所述供电单元可以为蓄电池33。该蓄电池33为启动电池，用于为整车低压器件供电。
在图1中，所述控制器14通过两个通道120、130分别一一对应地连接于同一单体电池111的采集电路12和均衡电路13。所述控制器14包括控制芯片，所述控制芯片通过两个引脚分别与对应于同一单体电池111的采集电路12和均衡电路13连接，所述两个引脚与所述两个通道120、130一一对应，所述两个引脚中的一个引脚通过所述通道130与所述均衡电路13连接，所述两个引脚中的另一引脚通过所述通道120与所述采集电路12连接。
如图1所示，所述采集电路12用于采集电池组11中单体电池111的参数信息，并向所述控制器14发送采集到的所述电池组的参数信息，所述电池组11中的单体电池111与采集电路12一一对应。其中，所述参数信息包括电池电压、温度等信息。所述控制器14通过控制所述通道120导通，进而控制所述述采集电路12采集电池组11的参数信息。
如图1和图2所示，所述均衡电路13用于对所述电池组11中的单体电池111进行均衡处理，所述电池组11中的单体电池111与均衡电路13一一对应。当所述电池组11中有需要均衡的单体电池111时，所述均衡电路13与所述控制器14之间的通道130导通，以使该均衡电路13能够对所述需要均衡的单体电池111进行均衡处理。
如图1和图2所示，所述控制器14用于在根据所述电池组11中单体电池111的参数信息确定所述电池组11中有单体电池111需要开启均衡时，控制对 应的通道130导通，并控制所述均衡电路13对所述需要均衡的单体电池111进行均衡处理。
为了使所述电池组11在停止放电或充电(即整车在OFF档状态下)时，依然能继续对所述电池组11进行均衡，所述控制器14用于在车辆处于OFF档且有所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111时，控制所述供电支路连接于供电单元和所述电池均衡系统，使供电单元为所述电池均衡系统供电。
请参考图2，所述供电单元为蓄电池33，所述供电支路包括第一供电支路15以及第二供电支路16。所述第一供电支路15的一端连接于所述蓄电池33，另一端分别连接于所述控制器14和负载32；第二供电支路16的一端连接于所述蓄电池33，另一端连接于所述控制器14。
其中，第一供电支路15受控于所述车身控制器31，第二供电支路16受控于所述车身控制器31或所述控制器14。在图2中，第二供电支路16受控于所述车身控制器31。所述电池组11在放电或充电过程中，即整车在非OFF档状态下，第一供电支路15可以在所述车身控制器31的控制下处于导通状态，此时，所述蓄电池33通过所述第一供电支路15供电给所述控制器14，以维持所述控制器14工作所需的电源。由于采集电路12和均衡电路13均连接于控制器14，所述蓄电池33供电给所述控制器14时，所述蓄电池33也可以供电给采集电路12和均衡电路13。
如图1和图2所示，当所述车辆处于OFF档时，所述车身控制器31需要给所述第一供电支路15发退电通知信号，以控制使所述控制器14和负载32下电。当所述车辆处于OFF档、所述控制器14在根据所述电池组11中单体电池111的参数信息确定所述电池组11中有单体电池111需要开启均衡时，则所述控制器14还不能下电，此时，所述车身控制器31可以控制所述第二供电支路16处于导通状态，进而，所述蓄电池33可以通过所述第二供电支路16供电给所述控制器14，以维持所述控制器14工作所需的电源。在所述第二供电支路16导通后，所述车身控制器31控制所述第一供电支路15处于断开状态，以 使除所述电池均衡系统外的负载32下电。
可选地，整车在非OFF档状态下，如果所述控制器14在根据所述电池组11中单体电池111的参数信息确定所述电池组11中有单体电池111需要开启均衡时，所述车身控制器31可以控制第一供电支路15和第二供电支路16中的任意一个供电支路处于导通状态，进而，所述蓄电池33可以供电给所述控制器14，以维持所述控制器14工作所需的电源。
如图1和图2所示，当所述电池均衡系统采用被动均衡方式对单体电池进行均衡处理，即对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行放电时，所述控制器14可以通过以下方式确定所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111：
首先，根据所述采集电路12采集到的所述电池组11中各单体电池111的电压值，将所述电池组11中各单体电池111的电压值中最小的电压值作为参考电压值；
然后，根据所述电池组11中各单体电池111的电压值与所述参考电压值之间的电压差值，将电压差值大于或等于预设电压差阈值的单体电池111确定为所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111。
当然，在其它的实施例中，也可以通过电池组的其它参数信息确定所述需要开启均衡的单体电池，比如，当所述电池均衡系统采用主动均衡方式对单体电池进行均衡处理，即对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行充电时，将所述电池组中各单体电池的电压值中最大的电压值作为参考电压值。
可选地，所述控制器14在根据所述电池组11中单体电池111的参数信息确定所述电池组11中有单体电池111需要开启均衡时，比如根据所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的电压值和所述参考电压值，获取所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的目标均衡时长，并按照所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的目标均衡时长控制所述均衡电路13对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111进行均衡处理。
进一步地，所述控制器14根据所述目标均衡时长和均衡占空比控制所述 均衡电路13对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111进行均衡处理，所述均衡占空比为所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的均衡时间段与单位周期的比值。一个单位周期包括：所述均衡时间段和采集时间段。在所述采集时间段，所述采集电路12采集所述电池组11的参数信息；在所述均衡时间段，所述均衡电路13对所述电池组11中需要均衡的单体电池111进行均衡处理。
举例来讲，如图1和图2所示，所述采集电路12可以将所述电池组11的各单体电池111的电压值中最小的电压值确定为所述参考电压值，所述预设电压差阈值可以为5mV(或者其它数值)。首先，所述控制器14经比较得到各单体电池111中最小电压值Vmin，并判定所述电池组11的各单体电池111的电压值与Vmin的差值是否小于5mV。如果是，则所述电池组11的均衡一致性很好，不需要均衡；如果大于5mV，则将与Vmin差值大于5mV的单体电池111作为需要开启均衡的单体电池111。此时，如果所述车辆处于OFF档，则所述车身控制器31控制所述第二供电支路16处于导通状态，进而，所述蓄电池33可以通过所述第二供电支路16供电给所述控制器14。然后，所述控制器14控制所述均衡电路13对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111进行放电。在所述第二供电支路16导通后，所述车身控制器31控制所述第一供电支路15处于断开状态，以使负载32下电。
在放电过程中，所述控制器14可以不断地读取所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的电压信息，并判断Vmin与该单体电池的电压差值是否小于5mV。如果是，则停止放电，均衡结束，所述车身控制器31控制所述第二供电支路16处于断开状态，以使所述控制器14下电；如果仍大于5mV，则继续循环读取所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的电压信息，直到Vmin与该单体电池的电压差值小于5mV，停止放电，均衡结束，所述车身控制器31控制所述第二供电支路16处于断开状态，以使所述控制器14下电。
其中，在确定所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111后，也可以根据所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的电压值和Vmin，计算所述需要开启均衡的单体电池 111的目标均衡时长，进而在放电开始后，统计对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的放电时长，当该单体电池111的充电时长与所述目标均衡时长的差值在阈值范围内时，停止放电，均衡结束，所述车身控制器31控制所述第二供电支路16处于断开状态，以使所述控制器14下电。
本申请通过对电池均衡系统的电气连接结构进行改进，在整车处于OFF档状态、且电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，通过控制作为备用供电支路的第二供电支路处于导通状态，使得蓄电池可以在整车处于OFF档状态下供电给控制器，进而，控制器能够继续控制均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理，延长了电池均衡时间，改善了电池均衡效果，解决了相关技术中电池均衡系统均衡效率较低的技术问题。
请参照图2，所述第二供电支路16和所述第一供电支路15上分别设有第二开关162和受控于所述车身控制器31的第一开关151。所述第二开关162的两侧分别连接着所述蓄电池33和所述控制器14；所述第一开关151的一侧连接着所述蓄电池33，所述第一开关151的另一侧分别连接所述控制器14和负载33。
在图2中，所述第二开关162受控于所述车身控制器31。其中，第一开关151和第二开关162可以为继电器开关，所述车身控制器31通过输出控制信号控制第一开关151和第二开关162。当所述车辆处于OFF档且有所述需要开启均衡的单体电池时，所述控制器31向所述车身控制器31发送均衡请求。所述车身控制器31在接收到均衡请求后，向第一开关151和第二开关162分别输出控制信号。所述第二开关162在接收到控制信号后，切换为导通状态，即所述第二供电支路16处于导通状态；所述第一开关151在接收到控制信号后，切换为断开状态，即所述第一供电支路15处于断开状态。
当所述车辆处于OFF档且所述均衡电路13对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池结束均衡处理后，所述控制器14向所述车身控制器31发送均衡结束请求，所述车身控制器31在接收到均衡结束请求后，向第二开关162输出控制信号。 所述第二开关162在接收到控制信号后，切换为断开状态，即所述第二供电支路16处于断开状态，所述控制器14下电。
可选地，所述车辆上电后，所述车身控制器31控制所述第二开关162一直保持导通状态。当所述车辆处于OFF档，且所述均衡电路13对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池结束均衡处理后，所述车身控制器31控制所述第二开关162断开，整车所有高压器件均停止工作。
图3是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡系统中另一供电支路的示意图。在图3中，所述第二开关162受控于所述控制器14。当所述车辆处于OFF档且有所述需要开启均衡的单体电池时，所述控制器14向第二开关162输出控制信号，所述第二开关162在接收到控制信号后，切换为导通状态，即所述第二供电支路16处于导通状态。在所述第二供电支路16导通后，所述车身控制器31控制所述第一开关151断开。
当所述车辆处于OFF档且所述均衡电路13对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池结束均衡处理后，所述控制器14控制所述第二开关162处于断开状态。
可选地，所述车辆上电后，所述控制器14控制所述第二开关162一直保持导通状态。当所述车辆处于OFF档，且所述均衡电路13对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池结束均衡处理后，所述控制器14控制所述第二开关162断开，整车所有高压器件均停止工作。
在其它的实施例中，所述第一供电支路15和所述第二供电支路16的导通和切断也可以由开关控制，该开关可以是单刀双掷开关。
如图2所示，所述电池均衡系统还包括第三供电支路17，所述第三供电支路17的一端连接于所述控制器14，所述第三供电支路17的另一端连接于所述采集电路12和所述均衡电路13。在图2中，所述第三供电支路17保持着导通状态。由于所述第三供电支路17一直保持着导通状态，所以当所述蓄电池33通过第一供电支路15或者第二供电支路16供电给所述控制器14时，也可以通过第三供电支路17供电给所述采集电路12和所述均衡电路13。
如图3所示，所述第三供电支路17上设有受控于所述控制器14的第三开关173，所述第三开关173的一侧连接于所述控制器14，所述第三开关173的另一侧连接于所述采集电路12和所述均衡电路13。所述第三开关173在所述控制器14的控制下保持导通状态。
可选地，如图1和图3所示，当所述均衡电路13对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理时，所述第三开关173在所述控制器14的控制下从导通状态切换为断开状态，以使所述电池组11给所述均衡电路13和所述采集电路12供电。
如图1和图3所示，所述控制器14在根据所述电池组11中单体电池111的参数信息确定所述电池组11中有单体电池111需要开启均衡以及所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的目标均衡时长后，向所述均衡电路13发送用于指示所述电池组11中需要开启均衡的单体电池111、以及该单体电池111的目标均衡时长的均衡指令。当所述均衡电路13接收到均衡指令后，所述第三开关173在所述控制器14的控制下从导通状态切换为断开状态，即当所述均衡电路13对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理时，所述控制器14控制所述第三开关173从导通状态切换为断开状态。由于所述电池组11中的单体电池111与采集电路12和均衡电路13均一一对应连接，当所述第三开关173断开后，采集电路12和均衡电路13的工作电源则从电池组11中的单体电池111取电，而控制器14则进行正常工作。
请继续参照图1和图3，当所述第三开关173断开后，所述控制器14周期性地进入休眠模式，在所述休眠模式下，所述控制器14处于低功耗运行状态，周期可以是每隔15s、20s或者其它间隔时间段。当所述控制器14退出所述休眠模式时，所述控制器14控制所述第三开关173导通，以获取所述电池组11中单体电池111的参数信息以及所述均衡电路13还需对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111进行均衡处理的剩余处理时长，进而所述控制器14可以实时调整对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的均衡处理。
图4是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡系统的另一框图。如图4、图3和图2所示，所述电池均衡系统包括采集电路12、均衡电路13、控制器14、第一供电支路15以及第二供电支路16，其中所述电池组11是由多个单体电池111串联连接而成。与图1中的电池均衡系统的区别在于，在图4中电池均衡系统的所述控制器14通过一个通道140与对应于同一单体电池111的采集电路12和均衡电路13连接。
当所述控制器14确定单体电池111不需要进行均衡时，所述控制器14通过所述通道140与对应的采集电路12连接；或者，当所述控制器14确定单体电池111需要进行均衡时，该单体电池111对应的采集电路12和均衡电路13分时复用通道140，即所述控制模块14通过所述通道140分时连接于对应的采集模块12和均衡模块13。所述控制器14包括控制芯片，所述控制芯片通过一个引脚与对应于同一单体电池111的采集电路12和均衡电路13连接，所述引脚通过所述通道140与所述均衡电路13和所述采集电路12连接。
可选地，如图4所示，所述控制器14根据所述目标均衡时长和均衡占空比控制所述均衡电路13对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111进行均衡处理，所述均衡占空比为所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的均衡时间段与单位周期的比值，所述单位周期包括所述均衡时间段和采集时间段。在图4中，所述均衡占空比也可以为所述均衡电路13占用所述通道140的时长与所述通道140被占用的总时长之比；其中，所述通道140被占用的总时长包括所述均衡电路13占用所述通道140的时长以及所述采集电路12占用所述通道140的时长。
如图4、图3和图2所示，首先，所述控制器14将通道140联通于所述采集电路12，进而可以控制所述述采集电路12采集电池组11的参数信息；接着，所述控制器14用于在根据所述电池组11中单体电池111的参数信息确定所述电池组11中有单体电池111需要开启均衡时，获取所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的目标均衡时长和均衡占空比，并将所述通道140联通于所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111所对应的均衡电路13；然后，所述控制器14按照所述需 要开启均衡的单体电池111的目标均衡时长和均衡占空比控制该均衡电路13将所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111与所述发电机30或所述蓄电池33的连接导通，即所述控制器14可以按照该目标均衡时长和均衡占空比控制图2中的第一开关131或图3中的第二开关135的导通时间。
可选地，所述控制器14根据所述目标均衡时长和所述均衡占空比确定均衡时间段和采集时间段，所述均衡时间段和所述采集时间段之和等于所述通道140被占用的总时长；在所述采集时间段，所述通道140连通所述采集电路12，以使所述采集电路12采集所述电池组11的参数信息；在所述均衡时间段，所述通道140连通需要进行均衡处理的均衡电路13，且该均衡电路13处于导通状态，以使所述均衡电路13对所述电池组11中需要均衡的单体电池111进行均衡处理。
由于本申请中的控制器与每一节单体电池的电压采样电路和均衡电路分时复用一个通道，减少了对控制器的通道数量要求，进而降低了硬件成本；并且由于电池采样和均衡分开进行，均衡电流不会影响电池电压，从而提高了响电池电压采样的精度。
本申请还提供了一种车辆100，如图10所示，其包括上述的电池均衡系统110，其中各个电路执行操作的具体方式已经在有关该系统的实施例中进行了详细描述，此处将不做详细阐述说明。
图5是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡方法的流程图。如图5所示，所述电池均衡方法应用于包上述电池均衡系统的车辆，该方法包括以下步骤。
步骤S51，通过所述采集电路采集所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息。
步骤S52，在根据所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡、且所述车辆处于OFF档时，控制所述供电支路连接于供电单元和所述电池均衡系统，使供电单元为所述电池均衡系统供电。
步骤S53，通过所述控制器控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体 电池进行均衡处理。
可选地，所述电池均衡系统还包括连接于所述供电单元和所述电池均衡系统的第一供电支路、以及连接于所述供电单元和所述电池均衡系统第二供电支路；
所述控制所述供电支路连接于供电单元和所述电池均衡系统，包括：
控制所述第二供电支路处于导通状态；
在所述第二供电支路导通后，通过车身控制器将所述第一供电支路从导通状态切换为断开状态。
图6是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡方法的另一流程图。如图6所示，该方法包括以下步骤。
步骤S61，通过所述采集电路采集所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息。
步骤S62，在根据所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡、且所述车辆处于OFF档时，通过所述控制器向所述车身控制器发送均衡请求。
步骤S63，在所述车身控制器接收到所述均衡请求后，通过所述车身控制器控制所述第二供电支路处于导通状态。
步骤S64，在所述第二供电支路导通后，通过所述车身控制器将所述第一供电支路从导通状态切换为断开状态。
步骤S65，通过所述控制器控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理。
步骤S66，通过所述控制器确认所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池结束均衡处理。
步骤S67，通过所述控制器向所述车身控制器发送均衡结束请求。
步骤S68，在所述车身控制器接收到所述均衡结束请求后，通过所述车身控制器控制所述第二供电支路处于断开状态。
图7是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡方法的另一流程图。如图 7所示，该方法包括以下步骤。
步骤S71，通过所述采集电路采集所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息。
步骤S72，在根据所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡、且所述车辆处于OFF档时，通过所述控制器控制所述第二供电支路处于导通状态。
步骤S73，在所述第二供电支路导通后，通过所述车身控制器将所述第一供电支路从导通状态切换为断开状态。
步骤S74，通过所述控制器控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理。
步骤S75，通过所述控制器确认所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池结束均衡处理。
步骤S76，通过所述控制器控制所述第二供电支路处于断开状态。
可选地，在所述车辆上电后，控制所述第二开关处于导通状态。
图8是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡方法的另一流程图。如图8所示，所述电池均衡系统还包括第三供电支路，所述第三供电支路的一端连接于所述控制器，所述第三供电支路的另一端连接于所述采集电路和所述均衡电路；该方法包括以下步骤。
步骤S81，通过所述采集电路采集所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息。
步骤S82，在根据所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡、且所述车辆处于OFF档时，控制所述第二供电支路处于导通状态。
步骤S83，在所述第二供电支路导通后，通过所述车身控制器将所述第一供电支路从导通状态切换为断开状态。
步骤S84，通过所述控制器控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理。
步骤S85，通过所述控制器控制所述第三供电支路从导通状态切换为断开 状态，以使所述电池组给所述均衡电路和所述采集电路供电。
步骤S86，所述控制器周期性地进入休眠模式。
步骤S87，当所述控制器退出所述休眠模式时，通过所述控制器控制所述第三供电支路导通，以获取所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息以及所述均衡电路还需对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理的剩余处理时长。
可选地，当所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理时，通过所述控制器控制所述第三供电支路保持导通状态。
图9是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡方法的另一流程图。如图9所示，所述控制器通过一个通道与对应于同一单体电池的采集电路和均衡电路连接，该采集电路和该均衡电路分时复用所述通道；该方法包括以下步骤。
步骤S91，通过所述采集电路采集所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息。
步骤S92，在根据所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡、且所述车辆处于OFF档时，控制所述供电支路连接于供电单元和所述电池均衡系统，使供电单元为所述电池均衡系统供电。
步骤S93，通过所述控制器获取所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长和均衡占空比，所述均衡占空比为所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的均衡时间段与单位周期的比值，所述单位周期包括所述均衡时间段和采集时间段。
步骤S94，所述控制器按照所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长和均衡占空比控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理。
关于上述实施例中的电池均衡方法，其中各个步骤的具体方式已经在有关该电池均衡系统的实施例中进行了详细描述，此处将不做详细阐述说明。
本申请还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序指令，该程序指令被处理器执行时实现上述的电池均衡方法。
以上结合附图详细描述了本申请的优选实施方式，但是，本申请并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节，在本申请的技术构思范围内，可以对本申请的技术方案进行多种简单变型，这些简单变型均属于本申请的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是，在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征，在不矛盾的情况下，可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合。为了避免不必要的重复，本申请对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外，本申请的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合，只要其不违背本申请的思想，其同样应当视为本申请所公开的内容。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种电池均衡系统，其特征在于，包括：
    采集电路，用于采集电池组中单体电池的参数信息；
    均衡电路，用于对所述电池组中的单体电池进行均衡处理；
    控制器，分别连接于所述采集电路和所述均衡电路，用于在根据所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理；
    供电支路，所述控制器用于在车辆处于OFF档且有所述需要开启均衡的单体电池时，控制所述供电支路连接于供电单元和所述电池均衡系统，使供电单元为所述电池均衡系统供电。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池均衡系统，其特征在于，所述供电支路包括第一供电支路和第二供电支路；
    所述第一供电支路连接于所述供电单元和所述电池均衡系统，所述第一供电支路用于为所述电池均衡系统和整车除所述电池均衡系统外的负载供电；
    所述第二供电支路连接于所述供电单元和所述电池均衡系统，所述第二供电支路用于为所述电池均衡系统供电；
    当所述车辆处于OFF档且有所述需要开启均衡的单体电池时，所述第二供电支路处于导通状态，所述第一供电支路在车身控制器的控制下处于断开状态。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池均衡系统，其特征在于，所述第一供电支路和所述第二供电支路的导通和切断由开关控制。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的电池均衡系统，其特征在于，所述第二供电支路和所述第一供电支路上分别设有第二开关和受控于所述车身控制器的 第一开关；所述第二开关的两侧分别连接着所述供电单元和所述控制器；所述第一开关的一侧连接着所述供电单元，所述第一开关的另一侧连接着所述控制器和负载。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池均衡系统，其特征在于，所述第二开关受控于所述车身控制器；当所述车辆处于OFF档且有所述需要开启均衡的单体电池时，所述控制器向所述车身控制器发送均衡请求，以使所述车身控制器控制所述第二开关和所述第一开关分别处于导通状态和断开状态。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池均衡系统，其特征在于，当所述车辆处于OFF档且所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池结束均衡处理后，所述控制器向所述车身控制器发送均衡结束请求，以使所述车身控制器控制所述第二开关处于断开状态。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的电池均衡系统，其特征在于，所述第二开关受控于所述控制器；当所述车辆处于OFF档且有所述需要开启均衡的单体电池时，所述控制器控制所述第二开关导通，且在所述第二供电支路导通后，所述车身控制器控制所述第一开关断开。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池均衡系统，其特征在于，当所述车辆处于OFF档且所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池结束均衡处理后，所述控制器控制所述第二开关处于断开状态。
  9. 根据权利要求4所述的电池均衡系统，其特征在于，所述车辆上电后，所述第二开关在所述控制器或所述车身控制器的控制下处于导通状态。
  10. 根据权利要求2-9所述的电池均衡系统，其特征在于，还包括第三供电支路，所述第三供电支路的一端连接于所述控制器，所述第三供电支路的另一端连接于所述采集电路和所述均衡电路。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任意一项所述的电池均衡系统，其特征在于，所述控制器通过两个通道分别与对应于同一单体电池的采集电路和均衡电路 连接。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池均衡系统，其特征在于，所述控制器包括控制芯片，所述控制芯片通过两个引脚分别与对应于同一单体电池的采集电路和均衡电路连接，所述两个引脚与所述两个通道一一对应，所述两个引脚中的一个引脚通过所述两个通道中的一个通道与所述均衡电路连接，所述两个引脚中的另一引脚通过所述两个通道中的另一通道与所述采集电路连接。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12任意一项所述的电池均衡系统，其特征在于，所述控制器通过一个通道与对应于同一单体电池的采集电路和均衡电路连接，该采集电路和该均衡电路分时复用所述通道。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池均衡系统，其特征在于，所述控制器包括控制芯片，所述控制芯片通过一个引脚与对应于同一单体电池的采集电路和均衡电路连接，所述引脚通过所述通道与所述均衡电路和所述采集电路连接。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14任意一项所述的电池均衡系统，其特征在于，所述控制器还用于在根据所述电池组的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，获取所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长，并按照所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行放电。
  16. 一种车辆，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-15中任一项所述的电池均衡系统。
  17. 一种电池均衡方法，其特征在于，应用于包括权利要求1所述的电池均衡系统的车辆，所述电池均衡方法包括：
    通过所述采集电路采集所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息；
    在根据所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电 池需要开启均衡、且所述车辆处于OFF档时，控制所述供电支路连接于供电单元和所述电池均衡系统，使供电单元为所述电池均衡系统供电；
    通过所述控制器控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于，所述电池均衡系统还包括连接于所述供电单元和所述电池均衡系统的第一供电支路、以及连接于所述供电单元和所述电池均衡系统第二供电支路；
    所述控制所述供电支路连接于供电单元和所述电池均衡系统，包括：
    控制所述第二供电支路处于导通状态；
    在所述第二供电支路导通后，通过车身控制器将所述第一供电支路从导通状态切换为断开状态。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，所述控制所述第二供电支路处于导通状态，包括：
    通过所述控制器向车身控制器发送均衡请求；
    在所述车身控制器接收到所述均衡请求后，通过所述车身控制器控制所述第二供电支路处于导通状态。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    通过所述控制器确认所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池结束均衡处理；
    通过所述控制器向所述车身控制器发送均衡结束请求；
    在所述车身控制器接收到所述均衡结束请求后，通过所述车身控制器控制所述第二供电支路处于断开状态。
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