WO2019042440A1 - 电池均衡系统、车辆、电池均衡方法及存储介质 - Google Patents

电池均衡系统、车辆、电池均衡方法及存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019042440A1
WO2019042440A1 PCT/CN2018/103684 CN2018103684W WO2019042440A1 WO 2019042440 A1 WO2019042440 A1 WO 2019042440A1 CN 2018103684 W CN2018103684 W CN 2018103684W WO 2019042440 A1 WO2019042440 A1 WO 2019042440A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
equalization
battery
controller
circuit
turned
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Application number
PCT/CN2018/103684
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
罗红斌
王超
沈晓峰
王成志
曾求勇
Original Assignee
比亚迪股份有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 比亚迪股份有限公司 filed Critical 比亚迪股份有限公司
Priority to US16/642,816 priority Critical patent/US11571981B2/en
Priority to EP18851100.0A priority patent/EP3678276A4/en
Publication of WO2019042440A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019042440A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/62—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to charging parameters, e.g. current, voltage or electrical charge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/13—Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0018—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using separate charge circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • H02J7/0049—Detection of fully charged condition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery pack equalization, and in particular to a battery equalization system, a vehicle, a battery equalization method, and a storage medium.
  • battery packs are an important part of it. Since the battery pack is formed by connecting a plurality of single cells in series, the difference between the cells in the battery pack gradually increases with the use of the battery, resulting in poor consistency between the battery cells. Due to the short board effect of the battery, the battery pack capacity cannot be fully utilized, resulting in a decrease in the overall capacity of the battery pack. Therefore, effective balancing management of the battery pack of the electric vehicle is beneficial to improving the consistency of each unit battery in the battery pack, reducing the capacity loss of the battery, prolonging the service life of the battery and the driving range of the electric vehicle. significance.
  • the battery information is collected during the charging and discharging process of the battery to determine whether the battery needs to be balanced, and the battery is equalized, and the equalization efficiency is low and the equalization time is long.
  • the purpose of the present application is to provide a battery equalization system, a vehicle, a battery equalization method, and a storage medium, which are used to solve the technical problem that the battery equalization system has low balance efficiency in the related art.
  • a power supply circuit for a battery equalization system including:
  • An equalization circuit for performing equalization processing on the single cells in the battery pack ;
  • a controller connected to the collecting circuit and the equalizing circuit, configured to control the equalizing circuit when determining that a single battery in the battery pack needs to be turned on according to parameter information of the single battery in the battery pack Performing equalization processing on the single cells that need to be turned on and equalized;
  • a charging branch connected to the charging device and the battery pack for charging the battery pack
  • a first power supply branch connected to the charging device and the battery equalization system for supplying power to the battery equalization system
  • the controller controls the charging branch to be disconnected, and controls the first power supply branch to remain conductive, so that The equalization module performs equalization processing on the single cells that need to be turned on.
  • the charging branch is connected to a high voltage DC output end of the charging device, and the first power supply branch is connected to a low voltage DC output end of the charging device.
  • the first power supply branch is provided with a first switch controlled by the controller, and one side of the first switch is connected to a low voltage DC output end of the charging device, and the first switch The other side is connected to the controller.
  • a second power supply branch is further included, one end of the second power supply branch is connected to the controller, and the other end of the second power supply branch is connected to the acquisition circuit and the equalization circuit.
  • the second power supply branch is provided with a second switch controlled by the controller, and the second switch is kept in an on state under the control of the controller.
  • the second power supply branch is provided with a second switch controlled by the controller; when the equalization circuit performs equalization processing on the single battery that needs to be balanced, the second switch Switching from an on state to an off state under control of the controller to cause the battery pack to supply power to the equalization circuit and the acquisition circuit.
  • the controller periodically enters a sleep mode when the second switch is turned off; when the controller exits the sleep mode, the controller controls the second switch to be turned on, And obtaining the parameter information of the single battery in the battery pack and the remaining processing time of the equalization circuit for performing equalization processing on the single battery that needs to be turned on.
  • the controller is respectively connected to the acquisition circuit and the equalization circuit corresponding to the same single cell through two channels.
  • the controller includes a control chip, and the control chip is respectively connected to an acquisition circuit and an equalization circuit corresponding to the same single cell through two pins, and the two pins are connected to the two channels.
  • the control chip is respectively connected to an acquisition circuit and an equalization circuit corresponding to the same single cell through two pins, and the two pins are connected to the two channels.
  • one of the two pins is connected to the equalization circuit through one of the two channels, and the other of the two pins passes through the two channels Another channel is connected to the acquisition circuit.
  • the controller is connected to an acquisition circuit and an equalization circuit corresponding to the same single cell through a channel, and the acquisition circuit and the equalization circuit time-multiplex the channels.
  • the controller includes a control chip, and the control chip is connected to an acquisition circuit and an equalization circuit corresponding to the same single cell through a pin, and the pin passes through the channel and the equalization circuit and the The acquisition circuit is connected.
  • the controller is further configured to: when determining, according to the parameter information of the battery group, that a single battery in the battery pack needs to be turned on, obtain a target equalization time of the single battery that needs to be turned on, And controlling the equalization circuit to perform equalization processing on the single cell that needs to be turned on according to the target equalization duration of the unit cell that needs to be turned on.
  • the controller controls, according to the target equalization duration and the equalization duty ratio, the equalization circuit to perform equalization processing on the single-cell that needs to be turned on, and the equalization duty ratio is that the required balancing is required.
  • the application also provides a vehicle including the battery equalization system described above.
  • the present application also provides a battery equalization method for a vehicle including the battery equalization system described above, the method comprising:
  • the charging branch is controlled to be disconnected, and the first power supply branch is controlled to be turned on;
  • the equalization circuit is controlled by the controller to perform equalization processing on the single battery that needs to be turned on.
  • the battery equalization system is characterized by further comprising a second power supply branch, one end of the second power supply branch is connected to the controller, and the other end of the second power supply branch is connected The acquisition circuit and the equalization circuit;
  • the method also includes:
  • the method further includes:
  • the controller periodically enters a sleep mode
  • the controller controls the second power supply branch to be turned on to obtain parameter information of the single battery in the battery pack, and the equalization circuit still needs to be The remaining processing time for which the equalized single cell needs to be equalized is described.
  • the controller is connected to an acquisition circuit and an equalization circuit corresponding to the same single cell through a channel, and the acquisition circuit and the equalization circuit time-multiplex the channel;
  • Determining that a single battery in the battery pack needs to be turned on including:
  • the target equalization time and balance of the single battery that needs to be balanced are obtained by the controller.
  • a ratio of the equalization period to the unit period of the unit cell that needs to be turned on, and the unit period includes the equalization period and the acquisition period;
  • the controller controlling, by the controller, the equalization circuit to perform equalization processing on the single-cell that needs to be turned on, including:
  • the present application also provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the battery equalization method described above.
  • the charging device can be controlled by controlling the first power supply branch to be in an on state.
  • the controller is powered by the first power supply branch, and the controller can continue to control the equalization circuit to perform equalization processing on the single battery that needs to be turned on, thereby prolonging the battery equalization time, improving the battery equalization effect, and solving the related technology.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a battery equalization system, according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a power supply branch in a battery equalization system according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is another schematic diagram of a power supply branch in a battery equalization system according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is another block diagram of a battery equalization system, according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is another flowchart of a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is another flow chart of a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a battery equalization system according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a power supply branch in a battery equalization system according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the battery equalization system includes an acquisition circuit 12, an equalization circuit 13, a controller 14, a charging branch (not shown), a first power supply branch 15 and a second power supply branch. 17.
  • the charging branch is connected to the charging device 31 and the battery pack 11 for charging the battery pack 11; wherein the battery pack 11 is a power battery pack, which is composed of multiple
  • the body batteries 111 are connected in series to provide power for driving the entire vehicle.
  • the charging device 31 includes a low voltage DC output 311 and a high voltage DC output 312.
  • the charging device 31 may be an in-vehicle charger.
  • the in-vehicle charger When the in-vehicle charger is in a connected state with the charging post 32, the mains AC output by the charging post 32 passes through the in-vehicle charger and the device.
  • the charging branch charges the battery pack. When the battery pack is fully charged, the charging branch will be in an open state.
  • the controller 14 is connected to the acquisition circuit 12 and the equalization circuit 13 corresponding to the same unit cell 111 through two channels 120, 130, respectively.
  • the controller 14 includes a control chip, and the control chip is respectively connected to the acquisition circuit 12 and the equalization circuit 13 corresponding to the same single cell 111 through two pins, and the two pins and the two channels 120 One-to-one correspondence, one of the two pins is connected to the equalization circuit 13 through the channel 130, and the other of the two pins passes through the channel 120 and the The acquisition circuit 12 is connected.
  • the collecting circuit 12 is configured to collect parameter information of the single battery 111 in the battery pack 11 , and send the collected parameter information of the battery pack to the controller 14 , the battery pack 11 .
  • the unit cells 111 in the one-to-one correspondence with the acquisition circuit 12.
  • the parameter information includes information such as a battery voltage and a temperature.
  • the controller 14 controls the acquisition circuit 12 to collect parameter information of the battery pack 11 by turning on the channel 120.
  • the equalization circuit 13 is configured to perform equalization processing on the single cells 111 in the battery pack 11.
  • the single cells 111 in the battery pack 11 are in one-to-one correspondence with the equalization circuit 13. .
  • the channel 130 between the equalization circuit 13 and the controller 14 is turned on, so that the equalization circuit 13 can The body battery 111 is subjected to equalization processing.
  • the controller 14 is configured to determine, when the single battery 111 in the battery pack 11 needs to be turned on, according to the parameter information of the single battery 111 in the battery pack 11, The channel 130 is turned on, and the equalization circuit 13 is controlled to perform equalization processing on the unit cells 111 that need to be equalized.
  • the battery equalization system includes a first power supply branch 15, and the first power supply branch 15 One side is connected to the charging device 31, and the other side of the first power supply branch 15 is connected to the battery equalization system.
  • one side of the first power supply branch 15 is connected to the low voltage DC output 311 of the charging device 31, and the other side is connected to the controller 14.
  • the first power supply branch 15 is controlled by the controller 14.
  • the charging branch is in an off state, if the battery unit 11 has a single battery 111
  • the controller 14 controls the first power supply branch 15 to be kept turned on, at this time, the commercial alternating current output by the charging post 32 passes through the charging device 31 and the first power supply branch. 15 continues to power the controller 14 to maintain the power required to operate the controller 14. Since the acquisition circuit 12 and the equalization circuit 13 are both connected to the controller 14, the charging post 32 can also supply power to the acquisition circuit 12 and the equalization circuit 13 when the charging post 32 is powered to the controller 14.
  • the controller 14 determines the parameter according to the parameter information of the single battery 111 in the battery pack 11 When the single battery 111 in the battery pack 11 needs to be turned on, the controller 14 can also control the first power supply branch 15 to be in an on state. Further, the mains AC output by the charging post 32 passes through the charging device. 31. The first power supply branch 15 supplies power to the controller 14 to maintain power required by the controller 14 to operate.
  • the controller 14 can pass the following.
  • the method determines the single-cell battery 111 that needs to be turned on:
  • the minimum voltage value among the voltage values of the single cells 111 in the battery pack 11 is used as a reference voltage value.
  • the unit cell 111 having a voltage difference greater than or equal to the preset voltage difference threshold is determined as It is described that the balanced unit cell 111 needs to be turned on.
  • the single-cell battery that needs to be turned on can be determined by other parameter information of the battery pack.
  • the battery equalization system adopts an active equalization method to equalize the single-cell battery, that is, When the unit cells that need to be turned on are charged, the maximum voltage value among the voltage values of the individual cells in the battery pack is used as a reference voltage value.
  • the controller 14 determines, when the single battery 111 in the battery pack 11 needs to be turned on, according to the parameter information of the single battery 111 in the battery pack 11, for example, according to the need to turn on the balanced single
  • the voltage value of the body battery 111 and the reference voltage value acquire the target equalization time length of the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on, and control the equalization circuit according to the target equalization time length of the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on. 13 equalizes the unit cells 111 that need to be turned on.
  • the controller 14 controls the equalization circuit 13 to perform equalization processing on the single-cell battery 111 that needs to be turned on according to the target equalization duration and the equalization duty ratio, where the equalization duty ratio is the required
  • the ratio of the equalization period of the balanced unit cell 111 to the unit period is turned on.
  • One unit period includes: the equalization period and the acquisition period. During the acquisition period, the acquisition circuit 12 collects parameter information of the battery pack 11; during the equalization period, the equalization circuit 13 equalizes the unit cells 111 in the battery pack 11 that need to be balanced. deal with.
  • the minimum voltage value among the voltage values of the single cells 111 of the battery pack 11 may be used as the reference voltage value, and the preset voltage difference threshold may be 5mV (or other value).
  • the controller 14 compares the minimum voltage value Vmin in each of the unit cells 111, and determines whether the difference between the voltage value of each of the unit cells 111 of the battery pack 11 and Vmin is less than 5 mV. If so, the equalization consistency of the battery pack 11 is good, and no equalization is required; if it is greater than 5 mV, the single cell 111 having a difference of more than 5 mV from Vmin is used as the single cell 111 that needs to be turned on.
  • the controller 14 controls the first power supply branch 15 to be turned on, and further, by the charging post.
  • the output AC power of 32 continues to supply power to the controller 14 via the charging device 31 and the first power supply branch 15.
  • the controller 14 controls the equalization circuit 13 to discharge the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on.
  • the controller 14 can continuously read the voltage information of the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on, and determine whether the voltage difference between Vmin and the unit cell is less than 5 mV. If yes, the discharge is stopped, the equalization ends, the controller 14 controls the first power supply branch 15 to be in an off state, so that the controller 14 is powered off; if it is still greater than 5 mV, the loop reading is continued. It is required to turn on the voltage information of the equalized single cell 111 until the voltage difference between Vmin and the single cell is less than 5 mV, the discharge is stopped, the equalization ends, and the controller 14 controls the first power supply branch 15 to be disconnected. State to power down the controller 14.
  • the controller 14 controls the first power supply branch 15 to be in an open state to power down the controller 14.
  • the present invention improves the electrical connection structure of the battery equalization system.
  • the charging device and the charging post are in a connected state, the battery pack is fully charged, and the battery cells in the battery pack need to be balanced, the first power supply is controlled.
  • the branch is in a conducting state, so that the charging post can be powered to the controller through the charging device and the first power supply branch. Further, the controller can continue to control the equalization circuit to equalize the single-cell battery that needs to be balanced, and prolong the
  • the battery equalization time improves the battery equalization effect and solves the technical problem that the battery equalization system has low balance efficiency in the related art.
  • the first power supply branch 15 is provided with a first switch 151 controlled by the controller 14.
  • the first switch 151 is connected to the low voltage DC output end 311, and the other side of the first switch 151 is connected to the controller 14.
  • the first switch 151 may be a relay switch, and the controller 14 controls the first switch 151 by outputting a control signal.
  • the controller 14 When the charging device 31 is in a connected state with the charging post 32, the battery 11 is fully charged, and the single battery 111 in the battery pack 11 needs to be turned on, the controller 14 outputs to the first switch 151.
  • the first switch 151 After the control signal is received, the first switch 151 is switched to an on state, that is, the first power supply branch 15 is in an on state. At this time, the mains AC output from the charging post 32 passes through the The charging device 31, and the first power supply branch 15, continue to supply power to the controller 14 to maintain the power required to operate the controller 14.
  • the controller 14 goes to the first A switch 151 outputs a control signal, and the first switch 151 switches to an off state after receiving the control signal, that is, the first power supply branch 15 is in an off state, and the controller 14 is powered off.
  • the controller 14 controls the first switch 151 to remain in an on state.
  • the charging device 31 is in a connected state with the charging post 32, the battery 11 is fully charged, and the equalization circuit 13 ends the equalization process for the single cell that needs to be equalized, the controller 14 controls the The first switch 151 is turned off.
  • the battery equalization system further includes a second power supply branch 17, one end of the second power supply branch 17 is connected to the controller 14, and the other end of the second power supply branch 17 is connected.
  • the second power supply branch 17 is maintained in an on state. Since the second power supply branch 17 is always in the on state, when the commercial alternating current output by the charging post 32 is supplied to the controller 14 through the charging device 31 and the first power supply branch 15, It is also possible to supply power to the acquisition circuit 12 and the equalization circuit 13 via the second supply branch 17.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another power supply branch in a battery equalization system, which is controlled by the controller 14 according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the second switch 173 has one side of the second switch 173 connected to the controller 14, and the other side of the second switch 173 is connected to the acquisition circuit 12 and the equalization circuit 13.
  • the second switch 173 is maintained in an on state under the control of the controller 14.
  • the second switch 173 is under the control of the controller 14.
  • the on state is switched to the off state to cause the battery pack 11 to supply power to the equalization circuit 13 and the acquisition circuit 12.
  • the controller 14 determines, according to the parameter information of the single battery 111 in the battery pack 11, that the single battery 111 in the battery pack 11 needs to be turned on and equalized, and the balance needs to be turned on.
  • an equalization command for instructing the unit cell 111 in the battery pack 11 that needs to be turned on equalization and the target equalization period of the unit cell 111 is transmitted to the equalization circuit 13.
  • the second switch 173 is switched from the on state to the off state under the control of the controller 14, that is, when the equalization circuit 13 turns on the balance for the need.
  • the controller 14 controls the second switch 173 to switch from the on state to the off state when the cell is subjected to the equalization process. Since the single battery 111 in the battery pack 11 is connected to the collecting circuit 12 and the equalizing circuit 13 in one-to-one correspondence, when the second switch 173 is disconnected, the operating power of the collecting circuit 12 and the equalizing circuit 13 is from the battery. The unit cells 111 in the group 11 are powered, and the controller 14 performs normal operation.
  • the controller 14 periodically enters a sleep mode in which the controller 14 is in a low power operation state.
  • the period can be every 15s, 20s or other interval periods.
  • the controller 14 controls the second switch 173 to be turned on to acquire parameter information of the single battery 111 in the battery pack 11 and the equalization circuit 13
  • the remaining processing time of the equalization processing of the unit cells 111 that need to be turned on is required, and the controller 14 can adjust the equalization processing of the unit cells 111 that need to be turned on in real time.
  • FIG. 4 is another block diagram of a battery equalization system, according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the battery equalization system includes an acquisition circuit 12, an equalization circuit 13, a controller 14, a charging branch, a first power supply branch 15, and a second power supply branch 17, wherein the battery
  • the group 11 is formed by connecting a plurality of unit cells 111 in series.
  • the difference from the battery equalization system of FIG. 1 is that the controller 14 of the battery equalization system in FIG. 4 is connected to the acquisition circuit 12 and the equalization circuit 13 corresponding to the same unit cell 111 through a channel 140.
  • the controller 14 determines that the unit cells 111 do not need to be equalized, the controller 14 is connected to the corresponding acquisition circuit 12 through the channel 140; or, when the controller 14 determines that the unit cells 111 need to be performed During the equalization, the acquisition circuit 12 and the equalization circuit 13 of the single cell 111 are time-multiplexed with the channel 140, that is, the control module 14 is time-divisionally connected to the corresponding acquisition module 12 and the equalization module 13 through the channel 140.
  • the controller 14 includes a control chip that is connected to an acquisition circuit 12 and an equalization circuit 13 corresponding to the same single cell 111 through a pin through which the pin and the equalization circuit 13 pass. Connected to the acquisition circuit 12.
  • the controller 14 controls the equalization circuit 13 to perform equalization processing on the single-cell 111 that needs to be turned on according to the target equalization duration and the equalization duty ratio, and the equalization.
  • the duty ratio is the ratio of the equalization period to the unit period of the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on, and the unit period includes the equalization period and the acquisition period.
  • the equalization duty ratio may also be a ratio of the duration of the equalization circuit 13 occupying the channel 140 to the total duration occupied by the channel 140; wherein the total duration of the channel 140 is occupied.
  • the duration in which the equalization circuit 13 occupies the channel 140 and the duration in which the acquisition circuit 12 occupies the channel 140 are included.
  • the controller 14 connects the channel 140 to the acquisition circuit 12, and further controls the acquisition circuit 12 to collect parameter information of the battery pack 11;
  • the controller 14 is configured to acquire, when the single battery 111 in the battery pack 11 needs to be turned on and equalized according to the parameter information of the single battery 111 in the battery pack 11, acquire the single-cell battery 111 that needs to be turned on and equalized. a target equalization duration and an equalization duty ratio, and the channel 140 is connected to the equalization circuit 13 corresponding to the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on. Then, the controller 14 turns on the equalization unit according to the requirement.
  • the target equalization duration and the equalization duty ratio of the battery 111 control the equalization circuit 13 to conduct the connection of the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on and the generator 30 or the battery 33, that is, the controller 14 can
  • the on-time of the first switch 131 in FIG. 2 or the second switch 135 in FIG. 3 is controlled according to the target equalization duration and the equalization duty ratio.
  • the controller 14 determines an equalization period and an acquisition period according to the target equalization duration and the equalization duty ratio, where the sum of the equalization period and the collection period is equal to the channel 140 is The total length of time occupied; in the collecting period, the channel 140 is connected to the collecting circuit 12, so that the collecting circuit 12 collects parameter information of the battery pack 11; in the equalizing period, the channel The equalization circuit 13 that needs to perform equalization processing is connected to the 140, and the equalization circuit 13 is in an on state, so that the equalization circuit 13 performs equalization processing on the unit cells 111 in the battery pack 11 that need to be equalized.
  • the controller in the present application and the voltage sampling circuit and the equalization circuit of each unit cell are time-multiplexed one channel, the number of channels of the controller is reduced, thereby reducing the hardware cost; and due to battery sampling and equalization Separate, the equalization current does not affect the battery voltage, which improves the accuracy of the battery voltage sampling.
  • sampling circuit and the equalization circuit described in the present application may be sampling circuits and equalization circuits commonly used in the art.
  • the present application also provides a vehicle, including the battery equalization system described above, wherein the specific manner in which the various circuits perform operations has been described in detail in the embodiments relating to the system and will not be described in detail herein.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in FIG. 5, the battery equalization method is applied to a vehicle including the above-described battery equalization system, and the method includes the following steps.
  • step S51 when the battery pack is fully charged, the parameter information of the single cells in the single battery in the battery pack is collected.
  • Step S52 when it is determined that a single battery needs to be turned on in the battery pack according to the parameter information of the single battery in the battery pack, the charging branch is controlled to be disconnected, and the first power supply branch is controlled to be maintained. Turn on.
  • Step S53 After the first power supply branch is turned on, the equalization circuit is controlled by the controller to perform equalization processing on the single battery that needs to be turned on.
  • FIG. 6 is another flow chart of a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the battery equalization system further includes a second power supply branch, one end of the second power supply branch is connected to the controller, and the other end of the second power supply branch is connected to the collection.
  • a circuit and the equalization circuit; the method may include the following steps.
  • step S61 when the battery pack is fully charged, the parameter information of the single cells in the single cells in the battery pack is collected.
  • Step S62 when it is determined that a single battery in the battery pack needs to be turned on according to parameter information of the single battery in the battery pack, control the charging branch to be disconnected, and control the first power supply branch to maintain Turn on.
  • Step S63 after the first power supply branch is turned on, the equalization circuit is controlled by the controller to perform equalization processing on the single battery that needs to be turned on.
  • Step S64 the controller controls the second power supply branch to switch from the on state to the off state, so that the battery pack supplies power to the equalization circuit and the acquisition circuit.
  • step S65 the controller periodically enters a sleep mode.
  • Step S66 when the controller exits the sleep mode, the controller controls the second power supply branch to be turned on, to obtain parameter information of the single battery in the battery group, and the equalization circuit further The remaining processing time for the equalization processing of the single cells that need to be turned on equalization is required.
  • FIG. 7 is another flow chart of a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in FIG. 7, the controller is connected to an acquisition circuit and an equalization circuit corresponding to the same single cell through a channel, and the acquisition circuit and the equalization circuit time-multiplex the channel; the method may include the following steps.
  • step S71 when the battery pack is fully charged, the parameter information of the single cells in the single battery in the battery pack is collected.
  • Step S72 when it is determined that a single battery in the battery pack needs to be turned on equalization according to the parameter information of the single battery in the battery pack, obtain the target equalization time of the single battery that needs to be turned on by the controller. And an equalization duty ratio, wherein the equalization duty ratio is a ratio of a duration of the equalization circuit occupying the channel to a total duration of the channel being occupied.
  • Step S73 controlling the charging branch to be disconnected, and controlling the first power supply branch to be kept on.
  • Step S74 after the first power supply branch is turned on, the controller controls the equalization circuit to open the equalization by the controller according to the target equalization duration and the equalization duty ratio of the unit cells that need to be turned on.
  • the single cells are equalized.
  • the present application also provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the battery equalization method described above.

Abstract

一种电池均衡系统、车辆、电池均衡方法及存储介质。所述电池均衡系统包括：采集电路(12)；均衡电路(13)；控制器(14)；充电支路，连接于充电设备和电池组；以及第一供电支路(15)，与所述充电设备(31)和所述电池均衡系统连接，用于为所述电池均衡系统供电；当所述电池组(11)的电量充满以及电池组(11)中有单体电池(111)需要开启均衡时，所述控制器(14)控制所述充电支路断开，并控制所述第一供电支路(15)保持导通，使所述均衡模块为需要开启均衡的单体电池(111)进行均衡处理。通过对电池均衡系统的电气连接结构进行改进，延长了电池均衡时间，改善了电池均衡效果，解决了相关技术中电池均衡系统均衡效率较低的技术问题。

Description

电池均衡系统、车辆、电池均衡方法及存储介质
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为201710776104.5，申请日为2017年8月31日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池组均衡领域，具体地，涉及一种电池均衡系统、车辆、电池均衡方法及存储介质。
背景技术
在电动汽车中，电池组是其重要的组成部分。由于电池组是由多个单体电池串联连接而成，随着电池的使用，电池组中各单体间的差异性逐渐扩大，导致电池单体间一致性差。由于电池的短板效应，使电池组容量不能充分发挥，导致电池组的整体容量减少。因此，对电动汽车的电池组进行有效的均衡管理，有利于提高电池组中各单体电池的一致性，减少电池的容量损失，延长电池的使用寿命及电动汽车续驶里程，具有十分重要的意义。
在相关均衡技术实际应用中，主要在电池充、放电过程中，采集电池信息，判断电池是否需要开启均衡，并对电池进行均衡处理，其均衡效率较低，均衡时间较长。
发明内容
本申请的目的是提供一种电池均衡系统、车辆、电池均衡方法及存储介质，用于解决相关技术中电池均衡系统均衡效率较低的技术问题。
为了实现上述目的，本申请提供一种电池均衡系统的供电电路，包括：
采集电路，用于采集电池组中单体电池的参数信息；
均衡电路，用于对所述电池组中的单体电池进行均衡处理；
控制器，连接于所述采集电路和所述均衡电路，用于在根据所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理；
充电支路，连接于充电设备和所述电池组，用于为所述电池组充电；以及
第一供电支路，与所述充电设备和所述电池均衡系统连接，用于为所述电池均衡系统供电；
当所述电池组的电量充满且所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，所述控制器控制所述充电支路断开，并控制所述第一供电支路保持导通，使所述均衡模块为需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理。
可选地，所述充电支路连接所述充电设备的高压直流输出端，所述第一供电支路连接所述充电设备的低压直流输出端。
可选地，所述第一供电支路上设有受控于所述控制器的第一开关，所述第一开关的一侧连接着所述充电设备的低压直流输出端，所述第一开关的另一侧连接着所述控制器。
可选地，还包括第二供电支路，所述第二供电支路的一端连接于所述控制器，所述第二供电支路的另一端连接于所述采集电路和所述均衡电路。
可选地，所述第二供电支路上设有受控于所述控制器的第二开关，所述第二开关在所述控制器的控制下保持导通状态。
可选地，所述第二供电支路上设有受控于所述控制器的第二开关；当所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理时，所述第二开关在所述控制器的控制下从导通状态切换为断开状态，以使所述电池组给所述均衡电路和所述采集电路供电。
可选地，当所述第二开关断开后，所述控制器周期性地进入休眠模式；当所述控制器退出所述休眠模式时，所述控制器控制所述第二开关导通，以获取 所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息以及所述均衡电路还需对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理的剩余处理时长。
可选地，所述控制器通过两个通道分别与对应于同一单体电池的采集电路和均衡电路连接。
可选地，所述控制器包括控制芯片，所述控制芯片通过两个引脚分别与对应于同一单体电池的采集电路和均衡电路连接，所述两个引脚与所述两个通道一一对应，所述两个引脚中的一个引脚通过所述两个通道中的一个通道与所述均衡电路连接，所述两个引脚中的另一引脚通过所述两个通道中的另一通道与所述采集电路连接。
可选地，所述控制器通过一个通道与对应于同一单体电池的采集电路和均衡电路连接，该采集电路和该均衡电路分时复用所述通道。
可选地，所述控制器包括控制芯片，所述控制芯片通过一个引脚与对应于同一单体电池的采集电路和均衡电路连接，所述引脚通过所述通道与所述均衡电路和所述采集电路连接。
可选地，所述控制器还用于在根据所述电池组的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，获取所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长，并按照所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理。
可选地，所述控制器根据所述目标均衡时长和均衡占空比控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理，所述均衡占空比为所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的均衡时间段与单位周期的比值，所述单位周期包括所述均衡时间段和采集时间段。
本申请还提供了一种车辆，包括上述的电池均衡系统。
本申请还提供了一种电池均衡方法，应用于包括上述的电池均衡系统的车辆，该方法包括：
在电池组的电量充满时，采集电池组中单体电池中单体电池的参数信息；
在根据所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，控制所述充电支路断开，并控制所述第一供电支路保持导通；
在所述第一供电支路导通后，通过所述控制器控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理。
可选地，所述的电池均衡系统，其特征在于，还包括第二供电支路，所述第二供电支路的一端连接于所述控制器，所述第二供电支路的另一端连接于所述采集电路和所述均衡电路；
该方法还包括：
通过所述控制器控制所述第二供电支路从导通状态切换为断开状态，以使所述电池组给所述均衡电路和所述采集电路供电。
可选地，当所述第二供电支路断开后，该方法还包括：
所述控制器周期性地进入休眠模式；
当所述控制器退出所述休眠模式时，通过所述控制器控制所述第二供电支路导通，以获取所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息以及所述均衡电路还需对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理的剩余处理时长。
可选地，所述控制器通过一个通道与对应于同一单体电池的采集电路和均衡电路连接，该采集电路和该均衡电路分时复用所述通道；
所述确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡，包括：
在根据所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，通过所述控制器获取所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长和均衡占空比，所述均衡占空比为所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的均衡时间段与单位周期的比值，所述单位周期包括所述均衡时间段和采集时间段；
所述通过所述控制器控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理，包括：
通过所述控制器按照所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长和均衡占空比控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理。
本申请还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序指令，该程序指令被处理器执行时实现上述的电池均衡方法。
本申请的实施例提供的技术方案可以包括以下有益效果：
通过对电池均衡系统的电气连接结构进行改进，在充电设备电池组的电量充满、且电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，通过控制第一供电支路处于导通状态，使得充电设备可以通过第一供电支路供电给控制器，进而，控制器能够继续控制均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理，延长了电池均衡时间，改善了电池均衡效果，解决了相关技术中电池均衡系统均衡效率较低的技术问题。
本申请的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本申请，但并不构成对本申请的限制。在附图中：
图1是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡系统的框图；
图2是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡系统中供电支路的示意图；
图3是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡系统中供电支路的另一示意图；
图4是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡系统的另一框图；
图5是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡方法的流程图；
图6是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡方法的另一流程图；以及
图7是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡方法的另一流程图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本申请的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是，此 处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本申请，并不用于限制本申请。
图1是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡系统的框图，图2是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡系统中供电支路的示意图。如图1和图2所示，所述电池均衡系统包括采集电路12、均衡电路13、控制器14、充电支路(图中未示出)、第一供电支路15以及第二供电支路17。
如图1和图2所示，所述充电支路连接于充电设备31和所述电池组11，用于为所述电池组11充电；其中电池组11为动力电池组，是由多个单体电池111串联连接而成，用于为整车提供动力驱动。所述充电设备31包括低压直流输出端311和高压直流输出端312。
为了给所述电池组11充电，所述充电支路的一侧连接于所述充电设备31的高压直流输出端312，所述充电支路的另一侧连接于所述电池组11。如图2所示，所述充电设备31可以是车载充电机，当所述车载充电机与充电桩32处于连接状态，则由充电桩32输出的市电交流电经过所述车载充电机、以及所述充电支路向电池组充电。当所述电池组的电量充满时，所述充电支路则会处于断开状态。
在图1中，所述控制器14通过两个通道120、130分别与对应于同一单体电池111的采集电路12和均衡电路13连接。所述控制器14包括控制芯片，所述控制芯片通过两个引脚分别与对应于同一单体电池111的采集电路12和均衡电路13连接，所述两个引脚与所述两个通道120、130一一对应，所述两个引脚中的一个引脚通过所述通道130与所述均衡电路13连接，所述两个引脚中的另一引脚通过所述通道120与所述采集电路12连接。
如图1所示，所述采集电路12用于采集电池组11中单体电池111的参数信息，并向所述控制器14发送采集到的所述电池组的参数信息，所述电池组11中的单体电池111与采集电路12一一对应。其中，所述参数信息包括电池电压、温度等信息。所述控制器14通过将通道120导通，进而控制所述述采集电路12采集电池组11的参数信息。
如图1和图2所示，所述均衡电路13用于对所述电池组11中的单体电池111进行均衡处理，所述电池组11中的单体电池111与均衡电路13一一对应。当所述电池组11中有需要均衡的单体电池111时，所述均衡电路13与所述控制器14之间的通道130导通，以使该均衡电路13能够对所述需要均衡的单体电池111进行均衡处理。
如图1和图2所示，所述控制器14用于在根据所述电池组11中单体电池111的参数信息确定所述电池组11中有单体电池111需要开启均衡时，将对应的通道130导通，并控制所述均衡电路13对所述需要均衡的单体电池111进行均衡处理。
当所述电池组11停止充电时，所述充电支路则会处于断开状态，如果此时所述电池组11中有单体电池111需要开启均衡，则没有电源维持所述电池均衡系统进行均衡处理。为了使所述电池组11在停止充电时，依然能继续对所述电池组11进行均衡，请参考图2，所述电池均衡系统包括第一供电支路15，所述第一供电支路15的一侧连接于所述充电设备31，所述第一供电支路15的另一侧连接于所述电池均衡系统。在图2中，所述第一供电支路15的一侧连接于所述充电设备31的低压直流输出端311，另一侧连接于所述控制器14。
如图1和图2所示，所述第一供电支路15受控于所述控制器14。当所述充电设备31与充电桩32处于连接状态、且所述电池组11的电量充满时，所述充电支路则会处于断开状态，如果所述电池组11中有单体电池111需要开启均衡时，由于所述控制器14控制所述第一供电支路15保持导通，此时，由充电桩32输出的市电交流电经过所述充电设备31、以及所述第一供电支路15继续向所述控制器14供电，以维持所述控制器14工作所需的电源。由于采集电路12和均衡电路13均连接于控制器14，当所述充电桩32供电给所述控制器14时，所述充电桩32也可以供电给采集电路12和均衡电路13。
可选地，当所述充电设备31与充电桩32处于连接状态、所述电池组11正在充电时，如果所述控制器14在根据所述电池组11中单体电池111的参数 信息确定所述电池组11中有单体电池111需要开启均衡时，所述控制器14也可以控制第一供电支路15处于导通状态，进而，由充电桩32输出的市电交流电经过所述充电设备31、以及所述第一供电支路15向所述控制器14供电，以维持所述控制器14工作所需的电源。
如图1和图2所示，当所述电池均衡系统采用被动均衡方式对单体电池进行均衡处理，即对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行放电时，所述控制器14可以通过以下方式确定所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111：
首先，根据所述采集电路12采集到的所述电池组11中各单体电池111的电压值，将所述电池组11中各单体电池111的电压值中最小的电压值作为参考电压值；
然后，根据所述电池组11中各单体电池111的电压值与所述参考电压值之间的电压差值，将电压差值大于或等于预设电压差阈值的单体电池111确定为所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111。
当然，在其它的实施例中，也可以通过电池组的其它参数信息确定所述需要开启均衡的单体电池，比如，当所述电池均衡系统采用主动均衡方式对单体电池进行均衡处理，即对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行充电时，将所述电池组中各单体电池的电压值中最大的电压值作为参考电压值。
可选地，所述控制器14在根据所述电池组11中单体电池111的参数信息确定所述电池组11中有单体电池111需要开启均衡时，比如根据所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的电压值和所述参考电压值，获取所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的目标均衡时长，并按照所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的目标均衡时长控制所述均衡电路13对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111进行均衡处理。
进一步地，所述控制器14根据所述目标均衡时长和均衡占空比控制所述均衡电路13对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111进行均衡处理，所述均衡占空比为所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的均衡时间段与单位周期的比值。一个 单位周期包括：所述均衡时间段和采集时间段。在所述采集时间段，所述采集电路12采集所述电池组11的参数信息；在所述均衡时间段，所述均衡电路13对所述电池组11中需要均衡的单体电池111进行均衡处理。
举例来讲，如图1和图2所示，可以将所述电池组11的各单体电池111的电压值中最小的电压值作为所述参考电压值，所述预设电压差阈值可以为5mV(或者其它数值)。首先，所述控制器14经比较得到各单体电池111中最小电压值Vmin，并判定所述电池组11的各单体电池111的电压值与Vmin的差值是否小于5mV。如果是，则所述电池组11的均衡一致性很好，不需要均衡；如果大于5mV，则将与Vmin差值大于5mV的单体电池111作为需要开启均衡的单体电池111。此时，如果所述充电设备31与充电桩32处于连接状态且所述电池组11的电量充满时，则所述控制器14控制所述第一供电支路15导通，进而，由充电桩32输出的市电交流电经过所述充电设备31、以及所述第一供电支路15继续向所述控制器14供电。然后，所述控制器14控制所述均衡电路13对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111进行放电。
在放电过程中，所述控制器14可以不断读取所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的电压信息，并判断Vmin与该单体电池的电压差值是否小于5mV。如果是，则停止放电，均衡结束，所述控制器14控制所述第一供电支路15处于断开状态，以使所述控制器14下电；如果仍大于5mV，则继续循环读取所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的电压信息，直到Vmin与该单体电池的电压差值小于5mV，停止放电，均衡结束，所述控制器14控制所述第一供电支路15处于断开状态，以使所述控制器14下电。
其中，在确定所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111后，也可以根据所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的电压值和Vmin，计算所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的目标均衡时长，进而在放电开始后，统计对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的放电时长，当该单体电池111的放电时长与所述目标均衡时长的差值在阈值范围内时，停止放电，均衡结束，所述控制器14控制所述第一供电支路 15处于断开状态，以使所述控制器14下电。
本申请通过对电池均衡系统的电气连接结构进行改进，在充电设备与充电桩处于连接状态、所述电池组的电量充满、且电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，通过控制第一供电支路处于导通状态，使得充电桩可以通过充电设备、第一供电支路供电给控制器，进而，控制器能够继续控制均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理，延长了电池均衡时间，改善了电池均衡效果，解决了相关技术中电池均衡系统均衡效率较低的技术问题。
请参照图2，所述第一供电支路15上设有受控于所述控制器14的第一开关151。其中，所述第一开关151的一侧连接着所述低压直流输出端311，所述第一开关151的另一侧连接着所述控制器14。
可选地，所述第一开关151可以为继电器开关，所述控制器14通过输出控制信号控制第一开关151。当所述充电设备31与充电桩32处于连接状态、所述电池组11的电量充满以及所述电池组11中有单体电池111需要开启均衡时，所述控制器14向第一开关151输出控制信号，所述第一开关151在接收到控制信号后，切换为导通状态，即所述第一供电支路15处于导通状态，此时，由充电桩32输出的市电交流电经过所述充电设备31、以及所述第一供电支路15继续向所述控制器14供电，以维持所述控制器14工作所需的电源。
当所述充电设备31与充电桩32处于连接状态、所述电池组11的电量充满以及所述均衡电路13对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池结束均衡处理后，所述控制器14向第一开关151输出控制信号，所述第一开关151在接收到控制信号后，切换为断开状态，即所述第一供电支路15处于断开状态，所述控制器14下电。
可选地，所述车辆上电后，所述控制器14控制所述第一开关151一直保持导通状态。当所述充电设备31与充电桩32处于连接状态、所述电池组11的电量充满以及所述均衡电路13对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池结束均衡处理后，所述控制器14控制所述第一开关151断开。
如图2所示，所述电池均衡系统还包括第二供电支路17，所述第二供电支 路17的一端连接于所述控制器14，所述第二供电支路17的另一端连接于所述采集电路12和所述均衡电路13。在图2中，所述第二供电支路17保持着导通状态。由于所述第二供电支路17一直保持着导通状态，所以当所述充电桩32输出的市电交流电通过所述充电设备31、第一供电支路15供电给所述控制器14时，也可以通过第二供电支路17供电给所述采集电路12和所述均衡电路13。
如图3所示，图3是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡系统中另一供电支路的示意图，所述第二供电支路17上设有受控于所述控制器14的第二开关173，所述第二开关173的一侧连接于所述控制器14，所述第二开关173的另一侧连接于所述采集电路12和所述均衡电路13。所述第二开关173在所述控制器14的控制下保持导通状态。
可选地，如图1和图3所示，当所述均衡电路13对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理时，所述第二开关173在所述控制器14的控制下从导通状态切换为断开状态，以使所述电池组11给所述均衡电路13和所述采集电路12供电。
如图1和图3所示，所述控制器14在根据所述电池组11中单体电池111的参数信息确定所述电池组11中有单体电池111需要开启均衡以及所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的目标均衡时长后，向所述均衡电路13发送用于指示所述电池组11中需要开启均衡的单体电池111、以及该单体电池111的目标均衡时长的均衡指令。当所述均衡电路13接收到均衡指令后，所述第二开关173在所述控制器14的控制下从导通状态切换为断开状态，即当所述均衡电路13对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理时，所述控制器14控制所述第二开关173从导通状态切换为断开状态。由于所述电池组11中的单体电池111与采集电路12和均衡电路13均一一对应连接，当所述第二开关173断开后，采集电路12和均衡电路13的工作电源则从电池组11中的单体电池111取电，而控制器14则进行正常工作。
请继续参照图1和图3，当所述第二开关173断开后，所述控制器14周期 性地进入休眠模式，在所述休眠模式下，所述控制器14处于低功耗运行状态，周期可以是每隔15s、20s或者其它间隔时间段。当所述控制器14退出所述休眠模式时，所述控制器14控制所述第二开关173导通，以获取所述电池组11中单体电池111的参数信息以及所述均衡电路13还需对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111进行均衡处理的剩余处理时长，进而所述控制器14可以实时调整对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的均衡处理。
图4是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡系统的另一框图。如图4、图3和图2所示，所述电池均衡系统包括采集电路12、均衡电路13、控制器14、充电支路、第一供电支路15以及第二供电支路17，其中电池组11是由多个单体电池111串联连接而成。与图1中的电池均衡系统的区别在于，在图4中电池均衡系统的所述控制器14通过一个通道140与对应于同一单体电池111的采集电路12和均衡电路13连接。
当所述控制器14确定单体电池111不需要进行均衡时，所述控制器14通过所述通道140与对应的采集电路12连接；或者，当所述控制器14确定单体电池111需要进行均衡时，该单体电池111对应的采集电路12和均衡电路13分时复用通道140，即所述控制模块14通过所述通道140分时连接于对应的采集模块12和均衡模块13。所述控制器14包括控制芯片，所述控制芯片通过一个引脚与对应于同一单体电池111的采集电路12和均衡电路13连接，所述引脚通过所述通道140与所述均衡电路13和所述采集电路12连接。
可选地，如图4所示，所述控制器14根据所述目标均衡时长和均衡占空比控制所述均衡电路13对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111进行均衡处理，所述均衡占空比为所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的均衡时间段与单位周期的比值，所述单位周期包括所述均衡时间段和采集时间段。在图4中，所述均衡占空比也可以为所述均衡电路13占用所述通道140的时长与所述通道140被占用的总时长之比；其中，所述通道140被占用的总时长包括所述均衡电路13占用所述通道140的时长以及所述采集电路12占用所述通道140的时长。
如图4、图3和图2所示，首先，所述控制器14将通道140联通于所述采集电路12，进而可以控制所述述采集电路12采集电池组11的参数信息；接着，所述控制器14用于在根据所述电池组11中单体电池111的参数信息确定所述电池组11中有单体电池111需要开启均衡时，获取所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的目标均衡时长和均衡占空比，并将所述通道140联通于所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111所对应的均衡电路13；然后，所述控制器14按照所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的目标均衡时长和均衡占空比控制该均衡电路13将所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111与所述发电机30或所述蓄电池33的连接导通，即所述控制器14可以按照该目标均衡时长和均衡占空比控制图2中的第一开关131或图3中的第二开关135的导通时间。
可选地，所述控制器14根据所述目标均衡时长和所述均衡占空比确定均衡时间段和采集时间段，所述均衡时间段和所述采集时间段之和等于所述通道140被占用的总时长；在所述采集时间段，所述通道140连通所述采集电路12，以使所述采集电路12采集所述电池组11的参数信息；在所述均衡时间段，所述通道140连通需要进行均衡处理的均衡电路13，且该均衡电路13处于导通状态，以使所述均衡电路13对所述电池组11中需要均衡的单体电池111进行均衡处理。
由于本申请中的控制器与每一节单体电池的电压采样电路和均衡电路分时复用一个通道，减少了对控制器的通道数量要求，进而降低了硬件成本；并且由于电池采样和均衡分开进行，均衡电流不会影响电池电压，从而提高了电池电压采样的精度。
本申请中所述采样电路和均衡电路可以为本领域中常用的采样电路和均衡电路。
本申请还提供了一种车辆，包括上述的电池均衡系统，其中各个电路执行操作的具体方式已经在有关该系统的实施例中进行了详细描述，此处将不做详细阐述说明。
图5是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡方法的流程图。如图5所示，所述电池均衡方法应用于包括上述的电池均衡系统的车辆，该方法包括以下步骤。
步骤S51，在电池组的电量充满时，采集电池组中单体电池中单体电池的参数信息。
步骤S52，在根据所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，控制所述充电支路断开，并控制所述第一供电支路保持导通。
步骤S53，在所述第一供电支路导通后，通过所述控制器控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理。
图6是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡方法的另一流程图。如图6所示，所述电池均衡系统还包括第二供电支路，所述第二供电支路的一端连接于所述控制器，所述第二供电支路的另一端连接于所述采集电路和所述均衡电路；该方法可以包括以下步骤。
步骤S61，在电池组的电量充满时，采集电池组中单体电池中单体电池的参数信息。
步骤S62，在根据所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，控制所述充电支路断开，并控制所述第一供电支路保持导通。
步骤S63，在所述第一供电支路导通后，通过所述控制器控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理。
步骤S64，通过所述控制器控制所述第二供电支路从导通状态切换为断开状态，以使所述电池组给所述均衡电路和所述采集电路供电。
步骤S65，所述控制器周期性地进入休眠模式。
步骤S66，当所述控制器退出所述休眠模式时，通过所述控制器控制所述第二供电支路导通，以获取所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息以及所述均衡电 路还需对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理的剩余处理时长。
图7是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡方法的另一流程图。如图7所示，所述控制器通过一个通道与对应于同一单体电池的采集电路和均衡电路连接，该采集电路和该均衡电路分时复用所述通道；该方法可以包括以下步骤。
步骤S71，在电池组的电量充满时，采集电池组中单体电池中单体电池的参数信息。
步骤S72，在根据所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，通过所述控制器获取所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长和均衡占空比，所述均衡占空比为所述均衡电路占用所述通道的时长与所述通道被占用的总时长之比。
步骤S73，控制所述充电支路断开，并控制所述第一供电支路保持导通。
步骤S74，在所述第一供电支路导通后，通过所述控制器按照所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长和均衡占空比控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理。
关于上述实施例中的电池均衡方法，其中各个步骤的具体方式已经在有关该电池均衡系统的实施例中进行了详细描述，此处将不做详细阐述说明。
本申请还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序指令，该程序指令被处理器执行时实现上述的电池均衡方法。
以上结合附图详细描述了本申请的优选实施方式，但是，本申请并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节，在本申请的技术构思范围内，可以对本申请的技术方案进行多种简单变型，这些简单变型均属于本申请的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是，在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征，在不矛盾的情况下，可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合。为了避免不必要的重复，本申请对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外，本申请的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合，只要其不 违背本申请的思想，其同样应当视为本申请所公开的内容。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种电池均衡系统，其特征在于，包括：
    采集电路，用于采集电池组中单体电池的参数信息；
    均衡电路，用于对所述电池组中的单体电池进行均衡处理；
    控制器，连接于所述采集电路和所述均衡电路，用于在根据所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理；
    充电支路，连接于充电设备和所述电池组，用于为所述电池组充电；以及
    第一供电支路，与所述充电设备和所述电池均衡系统连接，用于为所述电池均衡系统供电；
    当所述电池组的电量充满且所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，所述控制器控制所述充电支路断开，并控制所述第一供电支路保持导通，使所述均衡模块为需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池均衡系统，其特征在于，所述充电支路连接所述充电设备的高压直流输出端，所述第一供电支路连接所述充电设备的低压直流输出端。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池均衡系统，其特征在于，所述第一供电支路上设有受控于所述控制器的第一开关，所述第一开关的一侧连接着所述充电设备的低压直流输出端，所述第一开关的另一侧连接着所述控制器。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的电池均衡系统，其特征在于，还包括第二供电支路，所述第二供电支路的一端连接于所述控制器，所述第二供电支路的另一端连接于所述采集电路和所述均衡电路。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池均衡系统，其特征在于，所述第二供电支路上设有受控于所述控制器的第二开关，所述第二开关在所述控制器的控制下保持导通状态。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的电池均衡系统，其特征在于，所述第二供电支路上设有受控于所述控制器的第二开关；当所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理时，所述第二开关在所述控制器的控制下从导通状态切换为断开状态，以使所述电池组给所述均衡电路和所述采集电路供电。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池均衡系统，其特征在于，当所述第二开关断开后，所述控制器周期性地进入休眠模式；当所述控制器退出所述休眠模式时，所述控制器控制所述第二开关导通，以获取所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息以及所述均衡电路还需对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理的剩余处理时长。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任意一项所述的电池均衡系统，其特征在于，所述控制器通过两个通道分别与对应于同一单体电池的采集电路和均衡电路连接。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池均衡系统，其特征在于，所述控制器包括控制芯片，所述控制芯片通过两个引脚分别与对应于同一单体电池的采集电路和均衡电路连接，所述两个引脚与所述两个通道一一对应，所述两个引脚中的一个引脚通过所述两个通道中的一个通道与所述均衡电路连接，所述两个引脚中的另一引脚通过所述两个通道中的另一通道与所述采集电路连接。
  10. 根据权利要求1至7中任意一项所述的电池均衡系统，其特征在于，所述控制器通过一个通道与对应于同一单体电池的采集电路和均衡电路连接，该采集电路和该均衡电路分时复用所述通道。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池均衡系统，其特征在于，所述控制器包括控制芯片，所述控制芯片通过一个引脚与对应于同一单体电池的采集电路和均衡电路连接，所述引脚通过所述通道与所述均衡电路和所述采集电路连接。
  12. 根据权利要求1至13中任意一项所述的电池均衡系统，其特征在于，所述控制器还用于在根据所述电池组的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，获取所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长，并按照 所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池均衡系统，其特征在于，所述控制器根据所述目标均衡时长和均衡占空比控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理，所述均衡占空比为所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的均衡时间段与单位周期的比值，所述单位周期包括所述均衡时间段和采集时间段。
  14. 一种车辆，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-13中任一项所述的电池均衡系统。
  15. 一种电池均衡方法，其特征在于，应用于包括权利要求1所述的电池均衡系统的车辆，该方法包括：
    在电池组的电量充满时，采集电池组中单体电池中单体电池的参数信息；
    在根据所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，控制所述充电支路断开，并控制所述第一供电支路保持导通；
    通过所述控制器控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，所述电池均衡系统还包括第二供电支路，所述第二供电支路的一端连接于所述控制器，所述第二供电支路的另一端连接于所述采集电路和所述均衡电路；
    该方法还包括：
    通过所述控制器控制所述第二供电支路从导通状态切换为断开状态，以使所述电池组给所述均衡电路和所述采集电路供电。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，当所述第二供电支路断开后，该方法还包括：
    所述控制器周期性地进入休眠模式；
    当所述控制器退出所述休眠模式时，通过所述控制器控制所述第二供电支路导通，以获取所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息以及所述均衡电路还需对所 述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理的剩余处理时长。
  18. 根据权利要求15至17中任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述控制器通过一个通道与对应于同一单体电池的采集电路和均衡电路连接，该采集电路和该均衡电路分时复用所述通道；
    所述确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡，包括：
    在根据所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，通过所述控制器获取所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长和均衡占空比，所述均衡占空比为所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的均衡时间段与单位周期的比值，所述单位周期包括所述均衡时间段和采集时间段；
    所述通过所述控制器控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理，包括：
    通过所述控制器按照所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长和均衡占空比控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理。
  19. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序指令，其特征在于，该程序指令被处理器执行时实现权利要求15-18中任意一项所述的电池均衡方法。
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