Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
  • B21B15/00—Arrangements for performing additional metal-working operations specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
  • B21B15/0085—Joining ends of material to continuous strip, bar or sheet
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
  • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
  • B23K20/1205—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using translation movement
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
  • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
  • B23K20/129—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding specially adapted for particular articles or workpieces
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
  • B23K20/16—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating with interposition of special material to facilitate connection of the parts, e.g. material for absorbing or producing gas
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
  • B23K2101/16—Bands or sheets of indefinite length

Definitions

• the invention relates to an apparatus and a method for friction welding of warm metallic products such as pre-bands, hereinafter also referred to as bands, and / or slabs, in particular thin slabs, as they are manufactured in so-called CSP plants.
• Such CSP plants roll pre-cast thin slabs directly using the casting heat directly either in batch mode, in semi-continuous operation or in continuous operation directly to the hot strip.
• the rolling speed must be substantially matched to the casting speed of the upstream casting plant, either to allow direct use without cutting the cast thin slab or to use the finishing train in a business-wise meaningful way.
• DE 10 2009 037 278 A1 and EP 0 889 762 B1 is described by way of example, to pour a thin slab endlessly in a single-strand casting plant and then to roll down directly to the desired final thickness without interruption in a rolling train.
• the disadvantage here is that with the mass flow of the casting plant must also be rolled and therefore often sets a relatively low Endwalztemperatur and / or additionally the Vorband must be rehashed consuming within the rolling mill.
• the productivity of the overall system is economically comparatively low, since only one casting machine can be connected to the rolling train during continuous casting rolling, but the rolling train in principle allows a significantly higher mass flow than a single casting machine.
• the apparatus for friction welding of warm metallic products such as strips and / or slabs, in particular thin slabs
• a conveyor for at least two successively arranged belts and / or slabs and a pressing device for pressing the head of the trailing belt and / or the slab to the end of the leading strip and / or slab.
• the pressing device may have two clamping devices, which are designed for clamping or clamping the two band or slab ends to be joined. It should be noted that between the two contact surfaces a contour element, which is further down is described, may be provided. The wording "pressing” therefore does not necessarily imply direct contact between the two contact surfaces of the tapes or slabs to be joined, although this is the case according to certain embodiments.
• the pressing device has a release part and a so-called fixed part in order to fix the contact surfaces of the belts and / or slabs to each other, whereby the release part can be vibrated relative to the fixed part such that the two belts and / or slabs arranged one behind the other are under one another Influence of the friction energy between the contact surfaces are weldable.
• the friction energy can cause a plastic flow at the contact surfaces.
• two loose parts, without a fixed part can be provided for this purpose.
• the contact surfaces are such and / or oriented that at the beginning of the friction welding process, the contact surfaces have a point or line contact or contact along a reduced partial contact area, preferably less than 20% with respect to the entire associated contact area.
• the one-sided (the contact surface of only one slab is contoured) or two-sided (the contact surfaces of both slabs are contoured) Contouring is arranged so that immediately before welding a point or line contact or contact along a reduced partial contact area of preferably less than 20% the contact area results.
• a high surface contact occurs, if at another position or at another time, the said point or line contact or the contact along a reduced partial contact area is present.
• a high local pressure and a high local thermal energy input are achieved.
• any existing scale can be better displaced to the outside during the vibration movement.
• an increasingly flat contact between the contact surfaces is formed until, preferably, the entire contact surface comes to rest and after a final pressure a good friction-welded connection is achieved.
• the new connection method and the use of the inventive device for friction welding thus provide a fast, reliable and inexpensive connection technology.
• connection technology uses friction welding or vibration welding.
• the strips and / or slabs, in particular thin slabs and pre-strips are preferably at a temperature level of more than 900.degree. C. to more than 1,100 upstream of the finishing train ° C.
• the expert speaks here of hot products that are characterized
• Temperature T L iq U idus depends on the material or alloy, but is regularly higher than 900 ° C, especially around 1550 ° C, for the grades cast by CSP plants.
• the heating time of the surfaces and thus the connection time during friction welding itself reduced.
• vibration and pressure make it very energy efficient at the joining plane and near the surface, usually within a range of ⁇ 50 mm (measured from the contact surface), which can be welded together required temperature generated.
• additional media such as welding agents, or other fasteners, such. As rivets, etc., be waived.
• the effort required for assembly is small compared to other known technologies. Steels with a higher carbon content, in which other bonding methods either fail or are particularly expensive, can also be welded together particularly well.
• the apparatus comprises contouring means arranged to process or condition one or both contact surfaces, preferably by cutting, milling, bending, pressing, deforming and / or (the "and / or” always refers to all Enumeration elements, encompassing all possible combinations), scarfing and / or controlled heating or cooling, such that at the beginning of the friction welding process between the contact surfaces there is a point or line contact or contact along a reduced part contact area, preferably less than 20%.
• a contour element such as a wire, wire mesh or profiled bar, can be brought between the contact surfaces, so that at the beginning of the friction welding process the contact surfaces with the contour element make a point or line contact or a contact along a reduced partial contact area. preferably less than 20%.
• the aim of the mechanical or thermal contouring is that the two adjacent contact surfaces are at an angle to each other, have different shapes or profiles, raised areas or depressions are present, so that at the beginning of welding a point orcomparativelynformige or partial area conditioning the above achieved type is achieved.
• the contouring can be performed in such a way that the bead is minimized during joining and / or the contour is optimized with regard to the stress distribution during subsequent rolling.
• the processing of the contact surface (s) can be carried out immediately before the connection device. Alternatively, the editing the contact surface (s) functionally and / or locally separated, so for example in front of a roller hearth furnace, performed.
• a contour element may be provided between the contact surfaces.
• the contour element may extend in the width direction and / or thickness direction of the slab (s).
• the contour element is fixed or clamped in front of the contact surface of the slab of the fixed side F.
• the contour element serves to create a dot or line touch or patch contact, thereby obtaining the technical effects set forth above.
• the contour element can be applied cold, but preferably preheated to slab temperature. Furthermore, the contour element is preferably applied without scale.
• the pressing device is arranged to be movable along at least part of the conveyor.
• a device is provided with which the joining of two successive bands and / or slabs can be implemented flexibly and optionally also in time with the promotion of the individual bands and / or slabs to the rolling train. Mobility of the pressing device is particularly preferably synchronized with the speed of the conveyor.
• the contouring means is an example of means for processing the end of the leading strip and / or the slab and / or the head of the trailing strip and / or the slab.
• machining means may comprise a die cutter arranged to simultaneously trim the end of the leading strip and / or the slab and the head of the trailing strip and / or the slab. This saves time. Furthermore, the contact surfaces are already aligned parallel and fit well in the subsequent connection process, in particular wedge-free, together.
• the device is preferably designed so that the scale before Friction welding is removed from the contact surfaces. This can be done, for example, by movement of the belt or slab ends vertically in the thickness direction and / or horizontally in the width direction to each other, preferably at low contact pressure and relatively large amplitude, whereby the scale can be scraped off or pushed away to a large extent.
• a large part of the scale can be laterally at the head sides immediately prior to assembly by mechanical brushing, milling, planing or filing, descaling the front surfaces by means of a water jet, cutting head and end or short-term compression of the slabs and / or bands in the head Remove the end area from the side or from the top with punches or pinch rolls or scaling-type edging rolls.
• the latter is particularly advantageous because at the same time the slab ends are directed and freed from any transverse bulges. Descaling by scarfing the contact surfaces or applying current between the two slab ends is also possible.
• the pressing device and / or the transport path in front of the pressing device on means for centering and / or aligning the belts and / or slabs on the conveyor said means are preferably at least partially provided within a roller hearth furnace.
• a roller hearth furnace By laying at least part of the centering work in the roller hearth furnace, space can be saved. Parts or the entirety of the furnace inner centering can be retracted in the roller hearth furnace and set out from this.
• the device has a device by which one or both contact surfaces of the slabs and / or bands - preferably in the region of the pressing device, between a device for processing the contact surfaces and the pressing device or substantially in the entire region of the connecting device - under inert gas or almost Vacuum or reducing gas may be set, wherein the device is preferably arranged in the latter case, that the area under a reducing gas having a hydrogen content of less than 30%, more preferably between greater than 0% and 10%, is maintained. This allows the contact surfaces of the slabs after the Cutting or processing are kept free of scale until the beginning of the friction welding process, if desired.
• the apparatus is preferably arranged between casting machines and a rolling train of a CSP plant and / or behind a furnace and designed for friction welding of the belts and / or slabs from the casting machines for feeding into the rolling train.
• tapes and / or slabs, in particular thin slabs, from at least two casting machines of a CSP plant are connected to a rolling train.
• the friction welding takes place in detail as follows:
• the pressing device preferably captures and fixes first the end of the pre-strip or the slab.
• This so-called fixed part F of the pressing device preferably follows the feeding speed of the belt or the slab into the rolling train.
• the trailing belt or slab is moved by means of the pressing device in front of the end of the leading slab or belt.
• the so-called loose side of the pressing device then fixes the end and moves the head of the lagging slab or strip against the end of the leading strip or slab.
• the Losseite the Andschreibvorraum is, after the head and end of the successive bands or slabs abut each other, with a simultaneously applied pressure, a force and / or a time-varying pressure or force curve in vibratory motion.
• the lot side is thus moved relative to the fixed side, so that as a result of the frictional energy at the contact surface, a surface heating of the two contact surfaces of the bands or slabs to be joined is formed.
• the applied pressure or the applied force can be calculated taking into account the assumed contact surface.
• the contact pressure in the level is chosen to be somewhat smaller than the yield strength of the material and controlled by a model.
• the oscillation frequency is preferably ⁇ 250 Hz and more preferably ⁇ 50 Hz.
• the vibration amplitude at the contact surfaces of the slab or the belt during the vibratory movement in the thickness direction ⁇ 80%, more preferably ⁇ 30%, the thickness of the product and / or in the width direction ⁇ 50mm, more preferably ⁇ 20mm.
• the pressure from the head opposite the end is maintained or a train between the head and the end is avoided until the welding process or the cooling process is completed at the joint.
• the ends are machined, preferably trimmed or completely cut off, or first trimmed and then contoured to give a clean abutment of the two joining ends, thereby also a simultaneous descaling occurs. This can be done for example by means of a punch scissors, which is preferably moved synchronously with the two slabs and / or belts, when the ends are cut.
• slab or belt hold downs may be placed in front of and behind the scissors punch to aid in the trimming or cutting process.
• the respective subsequent slabs or bands before entering the region of the apparatus for friction welding and / or before being cut at the ends aligned laterally so that they are positioned centrally and averaging just the leading slabs or ribbons.
• the clamping process removes temperature from the strip or slab surface.
• this band or slab region can be locally reheated again.
• the roller table rollers of the conveyor in the connecting path are preferably moved during the friction welding process partially from the effective range of the pressing device.
• thermal insulation in the transport area are pivoted or pushed to minimize the temperature loss of the belt or slab.
• the vibratory motion of the striker L on the loose side may be performed during the heating process in the width direction or alternatively in the thickness direction or in both directions following an elliptical trajectory and / or with a circular motion about the center of the slab or belt contact surface.
• both clamping devices of the pressing device can be moved relative to each other relatively vibrating at the head and end in a heating process.
• the pressing device has two loose sides, wherein the two ends, for example, in the thickness direction against each other can be moved oscillating to each other. In this way, the oscillation amplitude of the respective side can be reduced within the pressing device, whereby optionally vibrations transmitted to the environment can be reduced.
• the vibration application can be done mechanically by a crank drive or by hydraulic and servo valve technology or by electromagnetic drives.
• the head and the end of the slabs and / or bands to be joined together preferably have approximately the same temperature during the bonding process, a temperature difference of at most 50 ° C. being particularly preferred. This can be achieved by appropriate temperature control and flow rate within an upstream furnace, preferably a CSP furnace, cooling the warmer slab side, for example, with water or inductive heating in front of the connecting path and local heating of the colder end.
• the pressing device or at least parts thereof for example the jaws, preferably together with other units, such as a pair of scissors, rollers and / or insulating hoods, etc., advanced during the bonding process in the material transport direction of the conveyor and linearly guided.
• other units such as a pair of scissors, rollers and / or insulating hoods, etc.
• drivers and / or lateral guide rollers are preferably provided at a predetermined distance from the connection point.
• the clamping by means of the pressing device can be carried out both on the top and bottom as well as alternatively on the side surfaces of the slabs and / or belts. Also a combined clamping on the side surfaces and locally in z. B. middle area at the top and bottom is possible.
• the bearing surface between the pressing device and the slab and / or the band can be performed as a full-surface edition or alternatively with raised forms to secure the clamping more secure.
• the hot side of the pressing device can be made of a heat-resistant steel or a heat-insulating or be implemented heat loss reducing material. Before clamping, these areas can also be descaled.
• the surface temperature is preferably measured at or close to the joint. From the measured maximum temperature, the temperature in the middle region of the joining surface is then preferably determined via a mathematical model, for example, depending on the slab or strip material, the thickness of the strip or the slab and / or the distance measuring point / joint. After reaching the required slab or strip temperature and taking into account the friction time at the corresponding temperature of the heating process is then preferably terminated by slowing down the vibration process. Subsequently, the two ends can be pressed against each other, whereby the actual connection process or welding takes place.
• the contact temperature or the time of the actual connection process can also be estimated as an alternative or in addition by calculating the frictional heat theoretically taking into account the mean relative velocity of the friction surfaces to each other, the average contact pressure, the amplitude or the average friction travel and the number of oscillations.
• the timing of the Reibsch notes and the activation of the above-mentioned facilities and set values (specific pressure, oscillation, relative velocity of the contact surfaces, oscillation times, contact times, etc.) also depending on the materials to be connected, inlet temperatures and product thicknesses can be specified and controlled by a process model ,
• the method according to the invention serves as the device for friction welding of warm metallic products.
• the technical effects, preferred Embodiments and contributions to the prior art described with respect to the device apply analogously to the method.
• Friction welding as described above is applicable not only to hot strip or hot slab but also to billets, beams, plates and so on.
• the friction welding preferably takes place in front of a rolling train, for example a conventional hot strip mill or a rolling train of a CSP plant, in particular in front of a finishing train.
• Figure 1 is a schematic side view of an apparatus for
• FIG. 2 is a schematic side and top view of a pressing device as part of a friction welding apparatus according to the embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of the pressing device as part of a device for friction welding of warm metallic products during the step of moving the contact surfaces relative to each other
• FIG. 4 is a schematic side view showing a detail of a pressing device in an enlarged manner
• FIG. 5 shows embodiments of contoured contact surfaces (FIGS
• Figure 6 is a schematic plan view of a portion of the device for
• Figure 7 is a schematic plan view of a portion of the device for
• Figure 1 shows a side view of a device 1 for friction welding, hereinafter also referred to as connecting means, warm metallic products, in particular thin slabs i, i + 1, which conveyed from several (not shown) casting a CSP plant to a (not shown) finishing train become.
• a plurality of thin slabs i, i + 1 conveyed by a conveyor 2 are connected to one another.
• the conveyor 2 has a roller table comprising a plurality of rollers 2a-2d.
• Both the end of the leading slab i and the head of the lagging thin slab i + 1 are cut within a means for processing, here a punching shear 3, on the one hand tinder to each other to remove opposite end faces and on the other hand to create contact surfaces of the thin slabs i, i + 1.
• the punching scissors 3 can be arranged so that the end of the slab i and the head of the slab i + 1 can be cut simultaneously. This saves time.
• the contact surfaces are already aligned parallel and fit well in the subsequent connection process, in particular wedge-free, together.
• this region is kept under a reducing gas having a hydrogen content of less than 30%, more preferably between greater than 0% and 10% hydrogen, depending on the type of protective gas, for example nitrogen or argon, with which it is mixed.
• a reducing gas having a hydrogen content of less than 30%, more preferably between greater than 0% and 10% hydrogen, depending on the type of protective gas, for example nitrogen or argon, with which it is mixed.
• the pressing device 6 has two clamping devices 6a, 6b which comprise a loose side L at the head of the trailing thin slab i + 1 and a fixed side F at the end of the leading thin slab i.
• the loose side L and the fixed side F each comprise at least one clamping jaw for gripping and clamping the slab i, i + 1.
• the entire pressing device 6 can be moved at least over a partial section of the conveyor 2.
• clamping devices 6a, 6b can be moved relative to one another such that on the one hand the end of the leading thin slab i can be brought into contact with the head of the trailing thin slab i + 1 and, on the other hand, a desired contact pressure or a desired contact pressure on the contact surface of the two thin slabs i, i + 1 can be applied.
• a desired contact pressure or a desired contact pressure on the contact surface of the two thin slabs i, i + 1 can be applied.
• the vibration required for the friction welding process can be applied to the head of the trailing thin slab i + 1.
• a number of insulating hoods 7 are provided to reduce the temperature of the hot thin slabs i, i + 1 preferably limited so that no further heating of the welded together thin slabs i, i + 1 before use in the (not shown) finish rolling mill is required.
• the pressing device 6 is provided with a deburring device 8 for removing compressed bars optionally produced during the friction welding process.
• the rolls of the conveying device 2 arranged in the region of the pressing device 6 can be moved away from the thin slabs i, i + 1 so as not to influence the action of the pressing device 6.
• all roller conveyor rollers of the conveyor 2 are vertically movable away from the thin slabs i, i + 1 in the area of the pressing device 6 which is movably arranged in the conveying direction.
• FIG. 2 (bottom) shows schematically a plan view of a pressure device 6 of a device for friction welding.
• FIG. 2 (top) schematically shows a side view along the section AA from FIG. 2 (bottom).
• the pressing device 6 has two clamping devices 6a, 6b, wherein the clamping device 6b is designed as a fixed part F of the leading slab i following and the clamping device 6a is assigned as a loose part of the subsequent slab i + 1.
• the clamping devices 6a, 6b can be moved toward one another in such a way that the contact surfaces of the slabs i, i + 1 can be laid on one another under a predetermined pressure or force.
• At least the lower saddles or jaws of the respective clamping devices 6a, 6b have in this embodiment for secure fixing of the slabs i, i + 1 raised projections 10, which are in contact with the underside of the slabs i, i + 1.
• the raised projections 10 preferably extend over the entire width of the clamping devices 6a, 6b, but at least over the entire width B of the slabs i, i + 1.
• Figure 3 shows schematically a plan view of the pressing device 6 as part of the apparatus for friction welding warm metallic products.
• Both the slab i and the slab i + 1 are held by the respective clamping devices 6a, 6b.
• the contact surfaces of the slabs i, i + 1 are designed, for example, complementary to one another. However, non-complementary geometries are possible and may be conducive to welding, as set forth below by way of particular embodiments.
• Vibrating movement in the width direction of the slab is applied to the clamping device 6a on the loose side by suitable means, whereby the movements of the head of the trailing thin slab i + 1, shown by arrows 9, are induced relative to the stationary end of the leading slab i.
• the movement of the slab i + 1 may follow a straight path in the width direction or a curved trajectory (corresponding to the end face shape) as shown here.
• the fixed side of the clamping device holds the slab end i in position with respect to the width direction.
• the friction welding of the slab i then takes place with the slab i + 1.
• the contact end of at least one of the two slabs i, i + 1 is vibrated under a defined contact pressure or a defined contact force, whereby the two ends are welded under a defined pressure or a defined force.
• the corresponding slab i + 1 itself is vibrated, and there is a direct contact of the two ends together.
• at least one contact surface is machined prior to the bonding process, such as mechanically machined (for example, milled or cut) or processed by melting (for example, flamed).
• the processing can be done by means of a crimping or punching shear and / or include deformation, such as bending, twisting, upsetting, pressing and / or squeezing.
• the machining can serve to contour one or both contact surfaces, as will be explained in more detail below.
• FIG. 4 is a schematic side view showing a detail of the pressing device 6 in an enlarged manner.
• the clamping devices 6a, 6b comprise clamping jaws which grip the slabs i, i + 1 to be welded.
• As clamping jaw leading edges 6a-1, 6b-1 of the clamping devices 6a, 6b those edges or surfaces of the jaws are referred to, which are facing each other in the gripping state.
• the contact surfaces of the slabs i, i + 1 are thus located immediately before welding between the jaw leading edges 6a-1, 6b-1.
• the distance between the contact surfaces and the jaw leading edges 6a-1, 6b-1 is denoted by s.
• Figure 4 shows an arrangement in which the distance s with respect to the jaw leading edge 6a-1 is approximately equal to that known with respect to the jaws 6b-1, such a symmetrical arrangement is not necessarily required so long as a fast and reliable welding the two slabs i, i + 1 is possible.
• the slab ends are clamped as close as possible to the contact surfaces.
• the protruding slab portions between the jaw leading edges 6a-1, 6b-1 and the contact surfaces should be mined. So s is preferably smaller than the slab thickness.
• a suitable clamping value s 20mm or less can be used.
• the clamping length can be selected so that a pressure for the completion of the friction welding process is just possible.
• the distance between the contact surface of the vibrated slab i + 1 or the associated Clamping device 6a and the adjacent driving or straightening rollers 4 and / or the adjacent roller side guides be dimensioned so that on the one hand an unhindered vibration can take place and on the other hand the driving or straightening rollers 4 and / or the roller side guides the vibration to the rest of the slab i + 1 and to devices outside the connection device 1 attenuate.
• one, several or all rollers of the roller table can be lowered or moved to be decoupled during welding of the slab i + 1.
• the distance between the driving or straightening rollers 4 and the contact surface of the slab i + 1 is preferably nx slab width when initiated in the widthwise direction, where n> 2, and preferably at a vibration in the thickness direction mx slab thickness, where m> 15.
• the contact surfaces of the slabs i, i + 1 can be heated with an induction heater before the friction welding process.
• the frequency is preferably chosen so that a near-surface heating of the contact surfaces takes place.
• the surface temperature in the effective range of the induction heating or in the area of the contact surfaces can be measured to monitor the process.
• the contact forces and the force in the direction of movement ie substantially perpendicular to the contact pressure, for applying the friction energy during the bonding process. This should include acceleration forces be calculated out. If the determined frictional force, power, work and / or the friction value determined therefrom are within a defined process window, it can be assumed that the friction conditions are optimum and thus the friction-welded connection. Additionally or alternatively, the pressing path can be used for the evaluation and / or control of the friction-welded connection.
• the nature of the weld joint such as the shape of the bead on the surface in the area of the contact surfaces, can be checked. If the friction-welded connection is rated as insufficient, the final compression can be dispensed with, or the insufficiently connected slabs i, i + 1 can be separated with scissors (emergency shears) in front of the rolling train. Also, cutting away the connection area, i. a double cutting is feasible. The following slab is then rolled in a batch mode rather than an endless mode.
• FIG. 5 shows various embodiments of contoured contact surfaces.
• the representation of Figure 5a is similar to that of Figure 4, wherein from the side view, a convex curvature of the contact surfaces along the direction of the thickness D of the slabs i, i + 1 emerges.
• the curvature may be uniform, such as along a defined radius of curvature, or irregular. Due to the convex curvature, at the beginning of the friction welding process between the contact surfaces, a point or line contact or a contact occurs along a reduced partial contact surface. Depending on the shape of curvature, the contact surfaces may make contact at one point, one line, multiple points or multiple lines. Contouring along a cutting plane parallel to the slab plane is shown in FIG. 5c.
• the slab i has, for example, a flat contact surface, which comes into contact with a corrugated contact surface of the slab i + 1. This also causes a point or line contact.
• An irregular contouring by a deformed contact surface of the slab i is shown in FIG. 5b. It should be noted that various contouring shapes can be combined. In particular, it is possible a Contouring along the width direction of the slab (s) i, i + 1 to combine with a contouring along the thickness direction.
• the faces of the slabs i, i + 1 to be welded together are referred to collectively as contact surfaces, even if they are only partially in contact with each other at the beginning of the welding, for instance in a point or line or along a partial contact surface.
• the indication of a partial contact surface refers to the entire associated end face, which more and more comes into contact with the opposite end face during friction welding until, finally, essentially the entire end face is friction weldable.
• the one-sided (the contact surface of only one slab is contoured) or two-sided (the contact surfaces of both slabs are contoured) Contouring is arranged so that immediately before welding a point or line contact or contact along a reduced partial contact area of preferably less than 20% the contact area results.
• a high surface contact occurs, if at another position or at another time, the said point or line contact or the contact along a reduced partial contact area is present.
• a high local pressure and a high local thermal energy input are achieved.
• any existing scale during the vibrational motion can be better displaced to the outside.
• a contouring device for processing the contact surface (s) may be provided on the transport path.
• the machining can be done mechanically, for example by milling or deforming the corresponding contact surface.
• the contouring can be done for example by means of a press, a stuffer, a pair of scissors, a bending device or a roll stand.
• a melting technical processing such as a contouring by scarfing possible.
• the aim of the contouring is that the two adjacent contact surfaces are at an angle to each other, have different shapes or profiles, raised points or depressions are present, so that at the beginning of welding a point or line-shaped or partial surface contact of the type described above is achieved ,
• the processing of the contact surface (s) can in this case be carried out immediately in front of the connecting device 1.
• the processing of the contact surface (s) can be carried out functionally and / or locally, for example in front of a roller hearth furnace.
• a contour element 1 1 in order to enable a spot or line-shaped welding even in the case of non-contoured contact surfaces, alternatively or in addition to the embodiments set forth above, a contour element 1 1, as shown in Figure 5d, be provided between the contact surfaces.
• the contour element 1 1 is preferably a wire, wire mesh or profiled bar.
• the wire or profile bar may extend in the width direction and / or thickness direction of the slab (n) i, i + 1.
• the contour element 1 1 is fixed or clamped in front of or at the contact surface of the slab i of the fixed side F.
• the contour element 1 1 is used to create a point or line contact or surface contact, preferably less than 20% relative to the total contact surface, whereby the above technical effects are achieved.
• the slabs i, i + 1 must be aligned relative to each other prior to welding. Such an alignment can take place in the region of the roller table, which precedes the connecting device 1. If the connection device 1 is positioned immediately behind a roller hearth furnace, as for example in a CSP plant, the alignment or centering of the slabs i, i + 1 is more difficult.
• at least one centering device 12a is provided at least partially within a roller hearth furnace 13 and another centering device 12b behind and outside the roller hearth furnace 13 to temporarily guide, center, and center the slab i + 1 just before joining / or align.
• the centering devices 12a, 12b may for this purpose comprise rollers whose positions are adjustable by means of movement.
• the adjustment of the rollers can be done for example hydraulically and / or electrically.
• the furnace inner centering device 12a can be partially or completely retracted into the roller hearth furnace 13 and arranged to be extendable therefrom.
• the centering device 12a when it is moved into the roller hearth furnace 13, not cooled to exclude water pollution of the roller hearth furnace 13.
• the residence time of the centering device 12a, in particular of the rollers with the associated movement organs, in the roller hearth furnace is preferably short, for example less than 20 seconds, in order to prevent overheating.
• a cooling of the centering device 12a, in particular of the rollers, roller guides, etc., can take place during a longer centering pause outside the roller hearth furnace 13, for example by means of water and / or air.
• the friction welding apparatus allows switching between an endless mode and a batch mode.
• Continuous rolling for example in the manufacture of thin ribbons, may be temporary, while producing less critical ribbons or slabs i, i + 1 in the batch mode.
• a movable, insulated roller table is provided, which can be pushed into the main transport line as required.
• a part 13a of the roller hearth furnace 13 can be provided to be movable, as shown in FIG.
• the movable part 13a of the Roller hearth furnace 13 can be driven out of or into the main transport line to service this or the connecting device 1.
• This principle of transverse displacement can also be realized for other components, such as the connection device 1 itself.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
• Metal Rolling (AREA)

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• 2017
  • 2017-08-10 DE DE102017213986.2A patent/DE102017213986A1/de active Pending
• 2018
  • 2018-08-10 WO PCT/EP2018/071793 patent/WO2019030392A1/de active Search and Examination
  • 2018-08-10 JP JP2020506942A patent/JP6997859B2/ja active Active
  • 2018-08-10 EP EP18755777.2A patent/EP3664943A1/de active Pending

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