WO2019029022A1 - 分区升降成形式选择性激光熔化工作台 - Google Patents

分区升降成形式选择性激光熔化工作台 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019029022A1
WO2019029022A1 PCT/CN2017/108084 CN2017108084W WO2019029022A1 WO 2019029022 A1 WO2019029022 A1 WO 2019029022A1 CN 2017108084 W CN2017108084 W CN 2017108084W WO 2019029022 A1 WO2019029022 A1 WO 2019029022A1
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Prior art keywords
powder
forming
base
powder supply
abutment
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PCT/CN2017/108084
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张正文
张鹏
张凯飞
李忠华
毛忠发
戴京伟
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重庆大学
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Application filed by 重庆大学 filed Critical 重庆大学
Priority to US16/634,314 priority Critical patent/US11772326B2/en
Publication of WO2019029022A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019029022A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/22—Driving means
    • B22F12/222—Driving means for motion along a direction orthogonal to the plane of a layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/55—Two or more means for feeding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of selective laser melting technology, in particular to a zone selective lifting laser selective melting table.
  • Selective laser melting also known as SLM, is a technique in which metal powder is completely melted under the action of the heat of the laser beam and solidified by cooling. Under the action of high laser energy density, the metal powder is completely melted and cooled and cooled to achieve solid metallurgy welding.
  • the selective laser melting is through this process, and the layers are cumulatively formed into a three-dimensional entity.
  • the scanning system controls the laser beam to act on the powder in the area to be formed. After the scanning of one layer, the working platform will drop the distance after one layer and then the powder feeding system delivers a certain amount of powder. The rollers of the spreading system spread a thick layer of powder deposited on the formed layer. Then, the above two molding processes are repeated until all the slice layers of the three-dimensional CAD model are scanned.
  • the selective laser melting device is used for the laser sintering of the workpiece forming table, and the working table is mostly integrated, and the whole structure is lowered by the integral structure of the workbench, and the workpiece is sintered and formed, and the laser is melted based on selective laser.
  • the present invention provides a selective laser melting table for partitioning and lifting into a form, which can select a forming working area according to the size of the machined parts, reduce the amount of powder used, reduce the input cost of the powder, and reduce The generation of soot.
  • the partitioning and elevating form selective laser melting table of the present invention comprises at least a forming table for powdering and sintering of a workpiece, the forming table comprising a shaped inner abutment and a jacket on the forming inner abutment and radially inwardly from the inside to the outside.
  • the method further includes a powder supply station disposed on the outer side of the forming table along at least one side of the powder spreading direction for supplying powder, and the powder supply station includes a base for supplying the powder and a jacket on the base of the powder supply, and sequentially from the inside to the outside in the radial direction.
  • At least one outer base for powder supply arranged in the outer casing, the inner base for the powder and the outer base for each powder supply are arranged in a liftable manner, for the inner base of the powder or the outer base of the powder to be separately raised, or powdered
  • the outer abutment and the adjacent powder supply outer abutment or/and the powder supply inner abutment together may form a powder supply area corresponding to the area to be laid.
  • the forming inner abutment and the powder inner abutment are the same ones of a cylinder, a triangular prism, a cube or a rectangular parallelepiped, and each of the forming outer abutments and each of the powder supply outer abutments is respectively formed with the forming inner abutment and A hollow structure corresponding to the shape of the base in the powder supply.
  • At least one driving device for driving the respective lifting and lowering is respectively provided at the bottom of the forming inner base, each forming outer base, the powder supply base and each of the powder supply outer bases.
  • the powder supply table is two disposed on both sides of the powder forming direction of the divided forming table.
  • control system includes:
  • control unit is connected to the input unit for receiving a user input signal, determining and determining the to-be-paved area and the powder supply area according to the input signal, and controlling the driving device corresponding to the determined to-be-pulled area and the powder supply area jobs.
  • the driving device is a hydraulic cylinder
  • the control system further includes a hydraulic driving system controlled by the control unit and corresponding to each hydraulic cylinder, and each of the hydraulic driving systems includes:
  • a digital amplifier that is coupled to the control unit and converts motion parameter data transmitted from the control unit to an analog signal output
  • a proportional directional control valve connected to the digital amplifier and configured to receive an analog signal to control the direction of movement of the hydraulic cylinder and the flow rate of the hydraulic oil;
  • a displacement sensor is provided on the hydraulic cylinder for detecting the displacement information of the piston rod, and the signal output end of the displacement sensor is connected to the signal input end of the digital amplifier.
  • the partitioning of the present invention is a selective laser melting table, and the forming inner base and the forming outer base of the forming table are both movable and elevating structures, and the outer abutment jacket is disposed on the forming outer abutment
  • the outer side is at least one arranged in order from the inner side to the outer side in the radial direction, so that the integral forming table (ie, the forming inner base and all the forming outer bases) can together form an integral forming processing platform, when the parts are special shapes For parts (such as ring parts, etc.), depending on the model size of the part to be formed, the formed inner abutment may be lowered individually, or the single shaped outer abutment may be lowered separately, or the outer abutment and the adjacent shaped outer abutment or / Together with the forming inner abutment, it can form the area to be paved for the forming of the machined parts; since the area to be paved is caused by the descent, the powder
  • a sub-area lifting and forming workbench structure is formed, so that the non-processed area other than the to-be-powdered area formed by the whole forming table is no longer completely covered with powder, thereby being large Reducing the demand for the powder, the powder improves the efficiency and reduces the production of the cartridge device for forming the laser melting dust.
  • Figure 1 is a top plan view of the overall structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the working state of the invention when forming a thin-walled component of a small size
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the working state of the invention when forming a large-sized thin-walled component
  • FIG. 4 Schematic diagram of hydraulic drive system control.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of the overall structure of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the working state of the invention when forming a thin-walled component of a small size
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the working state of the thin-walled component of the present invention.
  • the partitioning of the embodiment is a selective laser melting table, comprising at least a forming table 1 for powdering and sintering of a workpiece, the forming table 1 comprising a shaped inner abutment 1-1 and a jacket on the forming inner base And forming at least one forming outer base 1-2 arranged in a radial direction from the inner side to the outer side, and the forming inner base 1-1 and each forming outer base 1-2 are respectively arranged in a movable manner
  • the base 1-1 or the formed outer base 1-2 is separately lowered, or the formed outer base 1-2 can be formed together with the adjacent formed outer base 1-2 or/and the formed inner base 1-1.
  • the workpiece to be laid in the laser-sintered workpiece 2; the table of the present embodiment can be used for solid parts, and can also be used for internal hollow thin-walled parts, wherein the shaped inner base 1-1 and the shaped outer abutment 1-2 is arranged in the radial direction in order, forming multiple structures in the radial direction from the inside out.
  • the base 1-2 is provided with three, of course, it may also be one, two or more than three integers, wherein the forming inner base 1-1 and each forming outer base 1-2 are both up and down
  • the inner layer can be lowered together with the adjacent forming outer base 1-2 to form the area to be laid 2, or the forming table 1 is integrally lowered to form the area to be laid 2, when used
  • the formed inner base 1-1 can be separately lowered to form a powder-laying area, or each formed outer base 1-2 is separately formed to be formed.
  • the powder-laying area 2 when the larger and thinner wall of the formed part model is thicker, the area to be laid can be formed by the common lowering of two or more adjacent forming outer bases 1-2, of course When the overall size of the molded part model is small but the thin wall is thick, it can also be formed by forming the inner base 1-1 and its adjacent formed outer base. 1-2 drops is formed to be co-dusting zone 2; summary, according to actual needs, select drop shaped outer region of the base station 1-2, 1-1 and the base molding.
  • the powder supply table 4 is disposed on the outer side of the forming table 1 at least one side of the powder spreading direction for supplying powder, and the powder supply table 4 includes the powder inner base 4-1 and the outer layer of the powder supply base.
  • at least one powder supply external base 4-2 arranged in a jacket from the inside to the outside in the radial direction, for the powder base abutment 4-1 and each powder supply external base Tables 4-2 are all arranged in a liftable manner for the powder base 4-1 or the powder supply base 4-2 to rise separately, or the powder external base 4-2 and the adjacent powder supply base 4 -2 or / and the powder base 4-1 can be raised together to form a powder supply area 5 corresponding to the area to be laid 2; similar to the principle of the forming table 1, for the powder base 4-1 and
  • the powder supply outer base 4-2 also constitutes a multiple structure arranged in a radial direction in the order of the outer casing, and the innermost powder supply outer base 4-2 and the powder supply inner base 4-1 and the adjacent powder supply.
  • the outer base 4-2 is closely arranged, and the powder inner base 4-1 and the powder outer base 4-2 are both vertically movable up and down, wherein, in the embodiment, the powder is supplied.
  • the outer base 4-2 is provided with three, of course, it may also be one, two or more than three integers; also according to the size of the model of the part to be processed, the powder inner base 4-1 and the powder supply base
  • the stage 4-2 is selectively raised to constitute different sizes and accommodates the powder supply areas 5 of different sizes, and in the actual processing, the powder supply area 5 forms a one-to-one correspondence with the areas to be laid.
  • the inner base 1-1 and the inner base 4-1 of the powder supply are the same one of a cylinder, a triangular prism, a square or a rectangular parallelepiped, and each of the formed outer bases 1-2 and each is provided.
  • the powder outer base 4-2 is a hollow structure corresponding to the shape of the forming inner base 1-1 and the powder inner base 4-1, respectively; in the present embodiment, the inner base 1-1 and the powder supply are formed.
  • the inner base 4-1 is a solid cylindrical structure, wherein the diameter of the shaped inner base 1-1 is less than or equal to the diameter of the base 4-1 in the powder supply, and the outer base 1-2 and the powder are formed.
  • the outer base 4-2 is a ring-shaped hollow structure, and the upper and lower lifting of the forming inner base 1-1, the powder inner base 4-1, the forming outer base 1-2 and the powder supply outer base 4-2 are both Guided by adjacent abutments.
  • each outer base 4-2 At least one of the inner base 1-1, the outer outer base 1-2, the inner base 4-1, and the bottom of each outer base 4-2 are respectively provided.
  • the stage 1-2 and the powder supply base 4-2 are respectively provided with two elongated hydraulic cylinders which are radially symmetric.
  • the powder supply table 4 is two disposed on both sides of the split forming table 1 in the powder spreading direction; that is, one powder supply table 4 is disposed on both sides of the forming table 1 to facilitate use on both sides.
  • the scraper 7 scrapes the powder into the area 2 to be laid.
  • control system includes:
  • An input unit 9 for inputting size data of a workpiece model to be formed may be an industrial computer, or other input device for receiving user input data;
  • control unit 10 the control unit is connected to the input unit 9 for receiving a user input signal, determining and determining the area to be paved 2 and the powder supply area 5 according to the input signal, and controlling and determining the area to be laid 2 and the powder supply area 5
  • the corresponding driving device 6 works;
  • the control unit is a programmable controller, usually a single chip microcomputer, and the control unit receives the input data of the user and converts it into the motion parameter of the corresponding driving device, and the specific conversion process is realized by the prior art, This does not involve improvements in this section.
  • the driving device is a hydraulic cylinder
  • the control system further includes a hydraulic driving system controlled by the control unit and corresponding to each hydraulic cylinder, and each of the hydraulic driving systems includes:
  • a digital amplifier 11 connected to the control unit and converting the motion parameter data transmitted from the control unit into an analog signal output;
  • a proportional directional control valve 12 connected to the digital amplifier and configured to receive an analog signal to control the direction of movement of the hydraulic cylinder and the flow rate of the hydraulic oil;
  • a displacement sensor 13 disposed on the hydraulic cylinder for detecting displacement information of the piston rod, wherein a signal output end of the displacement sensor is connected to a signal input end of the digital amplifier;
  • Each hydraulic drive system includes a digital amplifier, a displacement sensor and a proportional reversing valve.
  • the digital amplifier is an integrated structure.
  • Each hydraulic drive system is connected to the control unit through a respective digital amplifier.
  • the input unit 9 is based on the user.
  • the input model data issues an instruction, and the control unit passes the data processing to transmit the motion parameters of each hydraulic drive system to the digital amplifier of the corresponding hydraulic drive system, and the digital amplifier performs data conversion on the received motion parameter data, and the corresponding analog signal is It is sent to the proportional reversing valve.
  • the proportional reversing valve controls the direction of the hydraulic cylinder and the hydraulic oil flow.
  • the displacement sensor feeds the position information of the piston rod to the digital amplifier to form a closed loop control.
  • the working table is a multi-circular lifting lifting table
  • the powder table 4 is filled with powder
  • the forming table 1 is formed on the laser galvanometer 8
  • the powder supply table 4 moves upward to supply powder
  • the forming table 1 descends one layer.
  • the scraper 7 spreads the powder from the powder supply table 4 onto the forming table 1, and the lifting and lowering of the forming table 1 and the powder supply table 4 is driven by a hydraulic cylinder, and the movement of the table is guided by the cooperation between the circular abutments.
  • the laser galvanometer 8 system can scan the entire range of the forming table 1 from the forming inner base 1-1 to the outermost forming outer base 1-2, when processing a circular ring
  • the powder supply table 4 and the hydraulic cylinder corresponding to the inner base 4-1 are driven to drive the inner base 4-1.
  • the powder is added downward, and after the start of the processing, the powder is supplied to the base 4-1 area for powder supply, and the formed inner base 1-1 is lowered by a layer thickness under the driving of the corresponding hydraulic cylinder, and the scraper 7 is moved to be supplied.
  • the powder in the 4-1 region of the powder base is spread into the region of the forming inner base 1-1, and the laser galvanometer 8 system selectively irradiates the sintered powder. After the sintering of one layer, the scraper 7 is reset, and the powder is continuously scraped.
  • Forming the thin-walled member body; when the shape of the thin-walled part is in the range of a shaped outer base 1-2 of the forming table 1, the position of the powder supply table 4 and the forming outer base 1-2 before processing The corresponding powder supply external abutment 4-2 is lowered and powder is added, and after the start of processing, the outer base 4-2 of the powder supply has been lowered.
  • the formed outer base 1-2 is synchronously lowered by one layer thickness, and the scraper 7 is moved to spread the powder of the outer base 4-2 to the falling region of the formed outer base 1-2, the laser galvanometer The system selectively irradiates the sintered powder. After the layer is sintered, the blade 7 is reset, the powder is continuously scraped, and the skin is thinned.
  • the principle of forming the workpiece by the remaining forming outer base 1-2 and the forming outer base 1-2 and the adjacent forming outer base 1-2 or/and the forming inner base 1-1 is the same as described above.
  • the powder supply table 4 and the sub-area lifting and forming table 1 can be divided and lowered according to the size of the thin-walled parts to be formed to form parts to be formed of different sizes. , greatly reducing the demand for powder and improving the efficiency of powder use.

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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

一种分区升降成形式选择性激光熔化工作台，至少包括用于铺粉并将工件烧结成形的成形台（1），成形台（1）包括成形内基台（1-1）和外套于成形内基台（1-1）并沿径向自内向外依次外套排列设置的至少一个成形外基台（1-2），成形内基台（1-1）和所述每一成形外基台（1-2）均以可升降的方式设置，成形内基台（1-1）或所述成形外基台（1-2）可单独下降、或者成形外基台（1-2）与相邻成形外基台或/和成形内基台（1-1）共同下降形成用于激光烧结成形工件的待铺粉区域（2）。该工作台可根据待成形薄壁零件的尺寸，分区域升降供粉台、分区域升降成形台，以形成适用不同尺寸大小的待成形零件，大大减少了粉末的需求量，提高了粉末使用效率。

Description

分区升降成形式选择性激光熔化工作台 技术领域
本发明涉及选择性激光熔化技术领域，特别涉及一种分区升降成形式选择性激光熔化工作台。
背景技术
选择性激光熔化，又称SLM，是利用金属粉末在激光束的热作用下完全熔化、经冷却凝固而成型的一种技术。在高激光能量密度作用下，金属粉末完全熔化，经散热冷却后实现与固体金属冶金焊合成型，选择性激光熔化正是通过此过程，层层累积成型出三维实体。根据成型件三维CAD模型的分层切片信息，扫描系统控制激光束作用于待成型区域内的粉末，一层扫描完毕后，工作平台会下降一个层后的距离接着送粉系统输送一定量的粉末，铺粉系统的辊子铺展一层厚的粉末沉积于已成型层之上。然后，重复上述两个成型过程，直至所有三维CAD模型的切片层全部扫描完毕。
现有技术中，选择性激光熔化设备用于激光烧结成形工件的工作台多为一体式结构，通过一体式结构工作台的整体下降进行铺粉，并进行工件烧结成形，而基于选择性激光熔化逐层加工的工艺特点，在一体式升降成形工作台上，无论是成形多大尺寸的薄壁零件，粉末最终都要填满整个成形工作台下降的高度，因此，在工件烧结成形过程中就需要使用大量的粉末，粉末虽然可回收使用，但是也造成大量的粉末，并含有烟尘，不但降低了粉末的质量，粉末成本投入大，而且激光系统对粉尘的敏感性极强，粉尘度过高很容易造成较大的伤害。
因此，需要对现有的选择性激光熔化的工作台进行改进，使其可根据加工零件的尺寸，分区域选择成形工作区域，减少粉末的使用量，以降低粉末的投入成本，并减少烟尘的产生。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供一种分区升降成形式选择性激光熔化工作台，其可根据加工零件的尺寸，分区域选择成形工作区域，减少粉末的使用量，以降低粉末的投入成本，并减少烟尘的产生。
本发明的分区升降成形式选择性激光熔化工作台，至少包括用于铺粉并工件烧结成形的成形台，成形台包括成形内基台和外套于成形内基台并沿径向自内向外依次外套排列设置的至少一个成形外基台，成形内基台和每一成形外基台均以可升降的方式设置，成形内基台或成形外基台单独下降、或者成形外基台与相邻成形外基台或/和成形内基台共同下降均可形成用于激光烧结成形工件的待铺粉区域。
进一步，还包括设置在成形台沿铺粉方向至少一侧外侧并用于供粉的供粉台，供粉台包括供粉内基台和外套于供粉内基台并沿径向自内向外依次外套排列设置的至少一个供粉外基台，供粉内基台和每一供粉外基台均以可升降的方式设置，供粉内基台或供粉外基台单独上升、或者供粉外基台与相邻供粉外基台或/和供粉内基台共同上升均可形成用于与待铺粉区域相对应的供粉区域。
进一步，成形内基台和供粉内基台为圆柱体、三棱柱、正方体或长方体中相同的一种，每一成形外基台和每一供粉外基台分别为与成形内基台和供粉内基台形状一一对应的空心结构。
进一步，成形内基台、每一成形外基台、供粉内基台和每一供粉外基台的底部分别设置有至少一个用于驱动其各自升降的驱动装置。
进一步，供粉台为分列成形台在铺粉方向两侧设置的两个。
进一步，还包括控制系统，控制系统包括：
输入单元，用于输入待成形工件模型的尺寸数据；
控制单元，控制单元与输入单元连接用于接收用户输入信号，根据输入信号判断并确定待铺粉区域和供粉区域，并控制与已确定的待铺粉区域和供粉区域相对应的驱动装置工作。
进一步，驱动装置为液压油缸，所述控制系统还包括由控制单元控制并对应每一液压油缸设置一组的液压驱动系统，每一所述液压驱动系统包括：
与控制单元连接并将自控制单元传输的运动参数数据转换为模拟信号输出的数字放大器；
与数字放大器连接并用于接收模拟信号对液压油缸的运动方向和液压油流量进行控制的比例换向阀；
设置在液压油缸上用于检测活塞杆位移信息的位移传感器，位移传感器的信号输出端与数字放大器的信号输入端相连接。
本发明的有益效果：本发明的分区升降成形式选择性激光熔化工作台，成形台的成形内基台和成形外基台均为可升降结构，由于成形外基台外套设置于成形外基台外侧并为沿径向自内向外依次排列设置的至少一个，这样，整体的成形台(即成形内基台和所有成形外基台)可共同形成一个整体的成形加工平台，当零件为特形零件(如环形零件等)时，可根据待成形零件的模型尺寸需要将成形内基台单独下降、或将单一的成形外基台单独下降、或成形外基台与相邻成形外基台或/和成形内基台共同下降，均可形成用于加工零件成形的待铺粉区域；由于待铺粉区域是由下降造成的，这样在铺粉时，粉末在刮刀的作用下仅落入待铺粉区域内，形成分区域升降成形工作台结构，这样就使得成形台整体除形成的待铺粉区域之外的非加工区域不再全面覆盖粉末，从而大大减少了粉末的需求量，提高了粉末的使用效率，且减少了激光熔化设备成形仓内粉尘的产生。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
图1为本发明整体结构俯视示意图；
图2为本发明在成形较小尺寸薄壁零件时的工作状态示意图；
图3为本发明在成形较大尺寸薄壁零件时的工作状态示意图；
图4液压驱动系统控制原理图。
具体实施方式
图1为本发明整体结构俯视示意图，图2为本发明在成形较小尺寸薄壁零件时的工作状态示意图，图3为本发明在成形较大尺寸薄壁零件时的工作状态示意图，如图所示：本实施例的分区升降成形式选择性激光熔化工作台，至少包括用于铺粉并工件烧结成形的成形台1，成形台1包括成形内基台1-1和外套于成形内基台并沿径向自内向外依次外套排列设置的至少一个成形外基台1-2，成形内基台1-1和每一成形外基台1-2均以可升降的方式设置，成形内基台1-1或成形外基台1-2单独下降、或者成形外基台1-2与相邻成形外基台1-2或/和成形内基台1-1共同下降均可形成用于激光烧结成形工件的待铺粉区域2；本实施例的工作台可使用于实体的零件，也可使用于内部中空的薄壁零件，其中，成形内基台1-1和成形外基台1-2为沿径向依次外套设置，在径向上自内而外形成多重结构，并最内端的成形外基台1-2与成形内基台1-1、相邻之间的成形外基台1-2之间的均为紧贴设置，在本实施例中，成形外基台1-2设置三个，当然其也可一个、两个或大于三个的整数个，其中，成形内基台1-1和每一成形外基台1-2均为可上下升降设置；当使用于实体的零件时，可通过内基体与相邻的成形外基台1-2共同下降形成待铺粉区域2，或成形台1整体下降形成待铺粉区域2，当使用于内中空的环形薄壁零件烧结成形时，根据待成形零件3模型的大小尺寸需要，成形内基台1-1可单独下降形成铺粉区域，或者每一成形外基台1-2单独下降形成待铺粉区域2，当成形零件模型的较大且薄壁较厚时，可通过两个或多于两个的相邻的成形外基台1-2的共同下降形成待铺粉区域2，当然，成形零件模型的整体尺寸较小但薄壁较厚时，也可通过成形内基台1-1与其相邻的成形外基台1-2共同下降形成待铺粉区域2；总之，根据实际需要，选择成形内基台1-1与成形外基台1-2的下降区域。
本实施例中，还包括设置在成形台1沿铺粉方向至少一侧外侧并用于供粉的供粉台4，供粉台4包括供粉内基台4-1和外套于供粉内基台并沿径向自内向外依次外套排列设置的至少一个供粉外基台4-2，供粉内基台4-1和每一供粉外基 台4-2均以可升降的方式设置，供粉内基台4-1或供粉外基台4-2单独上升、或者供粉外基台4-2与相邻供粉外基台4-2或/和供粉内基台4-1共同上升均可形成用于与待铺粉区域2相对应的供粉区域5；与成形台1原理相仿，供粉内基台4-1与供粉外基台4-2同样构成沿径向依次外套排列设置的多重结构，并最内端的供粉外基台4-2与供粉内基台4-1、相邻之间的供粉外基台4-2之间的均为紧贴设置，且供粉内基台4-1和供粉外基台4-2均为可上下升降设置，其中，在本实施例中，供粉外基台4-2设置三个，当然，其也可一个、两个或大于三个的整数个；同样根据待加工零件的模型的尺寸，供粉内基台4-1和供粉外基台4-2进行选择上升以组成不同大小并适应不同尺寸的供粉区域5，且在实际加工过程中，供粉区域5与待铺粉区域2形成一一对应关系。
本实施例中，成形内基台1-1和供粉内基台4-1为圆柱体、三棱柱、正方体或长方体中相同的一种，每一成形外基台1-2和每一供粉外基台4-2分别为与成形内基台1-1和供粉内基台4-1形状一一对应的空心结构；在本实施例中，成形内基台1-1和供粉内基台4-1均为实心的圆柱体结构，其中，成形内基台1-1的直径大小小于或等于供粉内基台4-1直径尺寸，成形外基台1-2和供粉外基台4-2均为环形的空心结构，成形内基台1-1、供粉内基台4-1、成形外基台1-2和供粉外基台4-2的上下升降均以相邻的基台为导向。
本实施例中，成形内基台1-1、每一成形外基台1-2、供粉内基台4-1和每一供粉外基台4-2的底部分别设置有至少一个用于驱动其各自升降的驱动装置6；驱动装置6为伸长液压缸，对应成形内基台1-1和供粉内基台4-1各设置一个伸长液压缸，对应每一成形外基台1-2和供粉外基台4-2分别设置两个呈径向对称的伸长液压缸。
本实施例中，供粉台4为分列成形台1在铺粉方向两侧设置的两个；即在成形台1的两侧各设置一个供粉台4，以方便在两侧均可使用刮刀7将粉末刮至待铺粉区域2内。
本实施例中，还包括控制系统，控制系统包括：
输入单元9，用于输入待成形工件模型的尺寸数据；输入单元9可为工业电脑，或其他用于接收用户输入数据的输入装置；
控制单元10，控制单元与输入单元9连接用于接收用户输入信号，根据输入信号判断并确定待铺粉区域2和供粉区域5，并控制与已确定的待铺粉区域2和供粉区域5相对应的驱动装置6工作；控制单元为可编程控制器，通常为单片机，控制单元接收用户的输入数据并将其转换为对应驱动装置的运动参数，具体转换过程通过现有技术实现，在此不涉及该部分的改进。
本实施例中，驱动装置为液压油缸，所述控制系统还包括由控制单元控制并对应每一液压油缸设置一组的液压驱动系统，每一所述液压驱动系统包括：
与控制单元连接并将自控制单元传输的运动参数数据转换为模拟信号输出的数字放大器11；
与数字放大器连接并用于接收模拟信号对液压油缸的运动方向和液压油流量进行控制的比例换向阀12；
设置在液压油缸上用于检测活塞杆位移信息的位移传感器13，所述位移传感器的信号输出端与所述数字放大器的信号输入端相连接；
其中，每一液压驱动系统都包括有数字放大器、位移传感器和比例换向阀，数字放大器为集成式结构，每一液压驱动系统通过各自的数字放大器与控制单元进行数据连接，输入单元9根据用户输入的模型数据发出指令，控制单元经过数据处理，将控制各个液压驱动系统的运动参数传送给对应液压驱动系统的数字放大器，数字放大器对接收到的运动参数数据进行数据转换，将相应的模拟信号输送给比例换向阀，比例换向阀对液压油缸进行方向和液压油流量的控制，位移传感器将活塞杆的位置信息进行反馈至数字放大器，从而形成闭环控制。
以加工圆环形薄壁零件为例，对本发明的工作台的工作原理进行说明：工作台为多重圆环形升降工作台，供粉台4加装粉末，成形台1成形在激光振镜8的作用下成形零件，加工过程中，供粉台4向上运动供粉，成形台1下降一个层 厚，刮刀7将粉末从供粉台4铺展到成形台1上，成形台1和供粉台4的升降由液压缸驱动，工作台移动导向依靠各圆环形基台之间的配合。
当加工不同尺寸大小的圆形薄壁零件时，激光振镜8系统可扫描成形台1自成形内基台1-1至最外部成形外基台1-2的整体范围，当加工圆环形薄壁零件的形状尺寸在成形内基台1-1区域范围内时，加工之前，供粉台4与供粉内基台4-1相对应设置的液压缸驱动供粉内基台4-1下降加装粉末，加工开始后，供粉内基台4-1区域上升供粉，成形内基台1-1在其对应设置的液压缸的驱动下下降一个层厚，刮刀7移动，将供粉内基台4-1区域的粉末铺展到成形内基台1-1的区域内，激光振镜8系统选择性照射烧结粉末，烧结完一层之后，刮刀7复位，继续刮粉，如此反复，成形薄壁件实体；当加工薄壁零件的形状尺寸在成形台1的一个成形外基台1-2区域范围内时，加工之前供粉台4与成形外基台1-2区域位置相对应的供粉外基台4-2下降加装粉末，加工开始后，已下降的供粉外基台4-2区域上升供粉，成形外基台1-2同步下降一个层厚，刮刀7移动，将供粉外基台4-2区域的粉末铺展到成形外基台1-2的下降区域内，激光振镜8系统选择性照射烧结粉末，烧结完一层之后，刮刀7复位，继续刮粉，如此反复，成形薄壁件实体。同理，其余成形外基台1-2、以及成形外基台1-2与相邻成形外基台1-2或/和成形内基台1-1区域成形工件的原理与上述相同。
通过本发明的分区升降成形式选择性激光熔化工作台可根据待成形薄壁零件的尺寸，分区域升降供粉台4、分区域升降成形台1，以形成适用不同尺寸大小的待成形零件3，大大减少了粉末的需求量，并提高了粉末使用效率。
最后说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种分区升降成形式选择性激光熔化工作台，其特征在于：至少包括用于铺粉并工件烧结成形的成形台，所述成形台包括成形内基台和外套于成形内基台并沿径向自内向外依次外套排列设置的至少一个成形外基台，所述成形内基台和所述每一成形外基台均以可升降的方式设置，所述成形内基台或所述成形外基台单独下降、或者成形外基台与相邻成形外基台或/和成形内基台共同下降均可形成用于激光烧结成形工件的待铺粉区域。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的分区升降成形式选择性激光熔化工作台，其特征在于：还包括设置在成形台沿铺粉方向至少一侧外侧并用于供粉的供粉台，所述供粉台包括供粉内基台和外套于供粉内基台并沿径向自内向外依次外套排列设置的至少一个供粉外基台，所述供粉内基台和所述每一供粉外基台均以可升降的方式设置，所述供粉内基台或所述供粉外基台单独上升、或者供粉外基台与相邻供粉外基台或/和供粉内基台共同上升均可形成用于与待铺粉区域相对应的供粉区域。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的分区升降成形式选择性激光熔化工作台，其特征在于：所述成形内基台和所述供粉内基台为圆柱体、三棱柱、正方体或长方体中相同的一种，每一所述成形外基台和每一所述供粉外基台分别为与成形内基台和供粉内基台形状一一对应的空心结构。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的分区升降成形式选择性激光熔化工作台，其特征在于：所述成形内基台、每一所述成形外基台、所述供粉内基台和每一所述供粉外基台的底部分别设置有至少一个用于驱动其各自升降的驱动装置。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一权利要求所述的分区升降成形式选择性激光熔化工作台，其特征在于：所述供粉台为分列所述成形台在铺粉方向两侧设置的两个。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的分区升降成形式选择性激光熔化工作台，其特征在于：还包括控制系统，所述控制系统包括：
    输入单元，用于输入待成形工件模型的尺寸数据；
    控制单元，控制单元与输入单元连接用于接收用户输入信号，根据输入信号判断并确定待铺粉区域和供粉区域，并控制与已确定的待铺粉区域和供粉区域相对应的驱动装置工作。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的分区升降成形式选择性激光熔化工作台，其特征在于：所述驱动装置为液压油缸，所述控制系统还包括由控制单元控制并对应每一液压油缸设置一组的液压驱动系统，每一所述液压驱动系统包括：
    与控制单元连接并将自控制单元传输的运动参数数据转换为模拟信号输出的数字放大器；
    与数字放大器连接并用于接收模拟信号对液压油缸的运动方向和液压油流量进行控制的比例换向阀；
    设置在液压油缸上用于检测活塞杆位移信息的位移传感器，所述位移传感器的信号输出端与所述数字放大器的信号输入端相连接。
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