WO2019027069A1 - Membrane renforcée d'électrolyte de pile à combustible et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Membrane renforcée d'électrolyte de pile à combustible et son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019027069A1
WO2019027069A1 PCT/KR2017/008400 KR2017008400W WO2019027069A1 WO 2019027069 A1 WO2019027069 A1 WO 2019027069A1 KR 2017008400 W KR2017008400 W KR 2017008400W WO 2019027069 A1 WO2019027069 A1 WO 2019027069A1
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Prior art keywords
electrolyte
fuel cell
membrane
porous support
uniaxial
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PCT/KR2017/008400
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
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이길목
양의석
양연화
한승원
정성기
권정오
정지홍
한명성
성기호
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(주)상아프론테크
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Priority to PCT/KR2017/008400 priority Critical patent/WO2019027069A1/fr
Publication of WO2019027069A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019027069A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
    • B29C55/10—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial
    • B29C55/12—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial biaxial
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
    • H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
    • H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
    • H01M8/1053—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends consisting of layers of polymers with at least one layer being ionically conductive
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
    • H01M8/1058—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties
    • H01M8/1062—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties characterised by the physical properties of the porous support, e.g. its porosity or thickness
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
    • H01M8/1067—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by their physical properties, e.g. porosity, ionic conductivity or thickness
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
    • H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fuel cell electrolyte-reinforced membrane, and more particularly, to an electrolyte-reinforced membrane for a fuel cell, wherein a porous support used for an electrolyte membrane for fuel cells is introduced into a specific support to greatly improve mechanical properties, A fuel cell including the same, and a method of manufacturing the same.
  • a fuel cell is a power generation system that converts chemical energy generated by electrochemically reacting fuel (hydrogen or methanol) and oxidizer (oxygen) directly into electrical energy. It is a next generation energy source with high energy efficiency and eco- Research and development. Fuel cells can be selectively used for high temperature and low temperature fuel cells according to application fields and are usually classified according to the kind of electrolyte. Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), molten carbonate An alkali fuel cell (AFC), a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC), and the like are being developed for low temperature applications.
  • SOFC Solid oxide fuel cell
  • AFC molten carbonate
  • AFC alkali fuel cell
  • PEMFC polymer electrolyte fuel cell
  • PEMFC proton exchange membrane fuel cell
  • DMFC direct methanol fuel cell
  • the unit cell structure of such a fuel cell has a structure in which an anode and a cathode are coated on both sides of an electrolyte membrane composed of a polymer material, Electrode Assembly, MEA).
  • This membrane-electrode assembly is composed of a reducing electrode, an oxidizing electrode, and an electrolyte membrane, that is, an ion conductive electrolyte membrane (for example, a hydrogen ion conductive electrolyte membrane), where electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen occurs.
  • the oxidizing electrode hydrogen or methanol, which is a fuel, is supplied to generate hydrogen ions and electrons. Hydrogen ions and electrons are generated in the oxidizing electrode, and hydrogen ions and oxygen that pass through the polymer electrolyte membrane are combined with each other in the reducing electrode. .
  • the electrode catalyst layer of the oxidized electrode and the reducing electrode is coated on both surfaces of the ion conductive electrolyte membrane, and the material forming the electrode catalyst layer is Pt (platinum) or Pt-Ru (platinum-ruthenium) Is supported on a carbon carrier.
  • the membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) which is considered to be a core component of the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell, uses an ion conductive electrolyte membrane and a platinum catalyst, Is considered to be the most important part to improve the performance and price competitiveness.
  • Conventional methods for preparing commonly used MEAs include preparing a paste by mixing a catalyst material with a hydrogen ion conductive binder, i.e., a fluorine-based Nafion Ionomer, and water and / or an alcohol solvent, This is coated on a carbon cloth or a carbon paper, which serves as a gas diffusion layer, as well as an electrode support for supporting the catalyst layer, and then dried and thermally fused to the hydrogen ion conductive electrolyte membrane.
  • a hydrogen ion conductive binder i.e., a fluorine-based Nafion Ionomer
  • water and / or an alcohol solvent This is coated on a carbon cloth or a carbon paper, which serves as a gas diffusion layer, as well as an electrode support for supporting the catalyst layer, and then dried and thermally fused to the hydrogen ion conductive electrolyte membrane.
  • Oxidation and reduction reaction of hydrogen and oxygen by the catalyst in the catalyst layer The transfer of electrons by the adherent carbon particles; Securing a passage for supplying hydrogen, oxygen and moisture and discharging a surplus gas after the reaction; And the movement of oxidized hydrogen ions must be simultaneously performed. Further, in order to improve the performance, it is necessary to reduce the activation polarization by increasing the area of the triple phase boundary where the feed fuel and the catalyst and the ion conductive polymer electrolyte membrane meet, and the interface between the catalyst layer and the electrolyte membrane, And the gas diffusion layer should be uniformly bonded to reduce ohmic polarization at the interface.
  • the interface between the catalyst layer and the electrolyte membrane and the interface bonding between the catalyst layer and the gas diffusion layer are weakened and separated from each other. Therefore, when the fuel cell is applied to the fuel cell, the performance of the fuel cell may deteriorate.
  • the present invention has been conceived in order to solve the problems described above. It is an object of the present invention to provide a porous support which is produced under specific conditions such as stretching ratio and stretching speed, ) In which the difference in physical properties between the fuel cell and the electrolyte membrane is minimized.
  • the present invention also provides a membrane-electrode assembly including the fuel cell electrolyte-reinforced membrane, and a fuel cell including the membrane-electrode assembly.
  • a fuel cell electrolyte-reinforced membrane including a first electrolyte layer formed on one side of a porous support and a first electrolyte layer formed on another side of the porous support, And a second electrolyte layer formed thereon.
  • the fuel cell electrolyte-reinforced membrane of the present invention can satisfy the following equation (1) when measuring according to ASTM D 822, the uniaxial direction modulus and the biaxial direction modulus difference.
  • the fuel cell electrolyte membrane of the present invention may have a uniaxial modulus of 80 MPa or more and a biaxial modulus of 80 MPa or more when measured according to ASTM D 822.
  • the fuel cell electrolyte-reinforced membrane of the present invention can satisfy the following Equation 2 in the uniaxial tensile strength and biaxial tensile strength difference when measured according to ASTM D 822.
  • the fuel cell electrolyte membrane of the present invention has a tensile strength in a uniaxial direction (longitudinal direction) of 50 MPa or more and a tensile strength in a biaxial direction (width direction) of 50 MPa or more.
  • the fuel cell electrolyte-reinforced membrane may have a weight coefficient of variation (CV1) of the following relational expression 1 of 20% or more.
  • the fuel cell electrolyte-reinforced membrane may have an average thickness of 1 ⁇ to 20 ⁇ , and the first electrolyte layer and the second electrolyte layer may independently have an average thickness of 1 ⁇ to 15 ⁇ have.
  • the porous support has a modulus in a uniaxial direction (longitudinal direction) of 40 MPa or more and a modulus in a biaxial direction (width direction) of 40 MPa or more when measured according to ASTM D 822 .
  • the porous support has a tensile strength in a uniaxial direction (longitudinal direction) of 40 MPa or more and a tensile strength in a biaxial direction (width direction) of 40 MPa or more, as measured according to ASTM D 882 have.
  • the uniaxial direction modulus and the biaxial direction modulus value can satisfy the following equation (3).
  • the porous support may have a stretching ratio in a uniaxial direction (longitudinal direction) of 3 to 10 times and a stretching ratio in a biaxial direction (width direction) of 15 to 50 times.
  • the porous support may have a uniaxial (longitudinal) stretching ratio of 6 to 9.5 times and a biaxial (width) stretching ratio of 25 to 45 times.
  • the porous support may have a uniaxial (longitudinal) stretching ratio of 6.2 to 9 times and a biaxial (widthwise) stretching ratio of 28 to 45 times.
  • the porous support has a stretching ratio (or aspect ratio) of 1: 3.00 to 8.5, preferably 1: 3.50 to 7.0, in a uniaxial (longitudinal) direction and a biaxial .
  • the porous support has an average pore size of 0.080 ⁇ to 0.20 ⁇ and an average porosity of 60% to 90%.
  • the porous support may be a PTFE porous support including polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of preparing the various types of fuel cell electrolyte-reinforced membranes described above, comprising the steps of: impregnating a porous support with a fluorine ionomer solution; And drying and heat treating the impregnated PTFE porous support.
  • the fluorine-based ionomer solution may further contain 0.05 to 5% by weight of hollow silica in the total weight of the solution.
  • the fluorine-based ionomer may include at least one selected from Nafion, Flemion, and Aciplex.
  • the porous support includes a first step of mixing a PTFE powder and a liquid lubricant to prepare a paste; 2) aging the paste; A third step of extruding and rolling the aged paste to produce an unflavicious tape; Drying the uncured tape, and then removing the liquid lubricant; 5) uniaxially stretching the untreated tape from which the lubricant has been removed; Biaxially stretching the uniaxially stretched untreated tape; And firing step (7).
  • the first-stage paste may contain 15 to 35 parts by weight of a lubricant based on 100 parts by weight of the PTFE powder.
  • the lubricant is a liquid lubricant, and various alcohols, ketones, esters and the like can be used in addition to hydrocarbon oils such as liquid paraffin, naphtha, white oil, toluene and xylene, At least one selected from liquid paraffin, naphtha and white oil can be used.
  • the aging of the two stages may be carried out at a temperature of 30 to 70 for 12 to 24 hours.
  • the three-step extrusion can be performed by compressing the aged paste in a compressor to produce a PTFE block, and then extruding the PTFE block under a pressure of 0.069 to 0.200 Ton / cm 2 .
  • the rolling in three stages can be carried out by calendering at an oil pressure of 5 to 10 MPa and at 50 to 100 ⁇ .
  • the drying process of four stages is a process for removing the lubricant, and drying can be performed at 100 ° C to 200 ° C while moving the untreated tape at a speed of 1 to 5 M / min.
  • the untreated tape from which the lubricant has been removed is stretched in the longitudinal direction to 3 to 10 times, preferably 6 to 9.5 times, more preferably 6.2 to 9 times Can be performed.
  • the five-step uniaxial stretching can be carried out at a stretching speed of 6 to 12 M / min under a stretching temperature of 260 ° C to 350 ° C.
  • the biaxial stretching in 6 stages is conducted by stretching uniaxially stretched untreated tapes 15 to 50 times, preferably 25 to 45 times, more preferably 28 to 45 times in the width direction Can be performed.
  • the biaxial stretching in six steps can be performed at a stretching speed of 10 to 20 M / min under a stretching temperature of 150 to 260 ° C.
  • the firing in the seventh step may be performed at a temperature of 350 ° C to 450 ° C.
  • a method for preparing a fluorine-containing ionomer comprising the steps of: 8) impregnating a fluorine-based ionomer solution with a porous support prepared by performing a 7-step process; And drying and heat-treating the impregnated PTFE porous support.
  • the fluorine-based ionomer solution of the eight-step may further include at least one moisture absorbent selected from the group consisting of zeolite, titania, zirconia, and montmorillonite.
  • the drying in 9 steps is carried out at a temperature of 60 ° C to 100 ° C for 1 to 30 minutes, and the heat treatment may be carried out at a temperature of 100 ° C to 200 ° C for 1 minute to 5 minutes .
  • the volume of the closed pores of the heat-treated porous support in the step 9 may be 90 vol% or more with respect to the total pore volume.
  • Still another object of the present invention relates to a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA), which comprises the fuel cell electrolyte-reinforced membrane.
  • MEA membrane-electrode assembly
  • the membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) of the present invention comprises the fuel cell electrolyte-reinforced membrane; Anode (anode); And a cathode (cathode), wherein the oxidant electrode and the reducing electrode comprise a catalyst layer; A gas diffusion layer; And an electrode substrate.
  • It is still another object of the present invention to provide a fuel cell comprising: an electricity generating unit generating electricity through an electrochemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant; A fuel supply unit for supplying fuel to the electricity generation unit; And an oxidizing agent supply unit for supplying an oxidizing agent to the generating unit, wherein the electricity generating unit includes the membrane-electrode assembly and the separator.
  • the fuel cell includes a membrane-electrode assembly and a separator, and includes a first step of forming an electricity generating part generating electricity through an electrochemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant; A second step of forming a stack between the membrane electrode assemblies via a separator; Forming a fuel supply unit for supplying fuel to the electricity generating unit; And forming an oxidant supply unit for supplying the oxidant to the electricity generating unit.
  • the porous support for a fuel cell electrolyte reinforced membrane of the present invention ensures an optimal stretch ratio and elongation speed, and can be manufactured with a very low defective ratio, thereby being excellent in economy and commerciality, and securing excellent mechanical properties. As a result, Thereby improving the performance of the fuel cell by reducing the total thickness of the fuel cell electrolyte-reinforced membrane.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a fuel cell electrolyte-reinforced membrane according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a membrane-electrode assembly according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the fuel cell electrolyte-reinforced membrane of the present invention is simpler in structure than the conventional fuel cell electrolyte-reinforced membrane and can improve the interfacial property when bonded to an electrode.
  • it is an electrolyte reinforced membrane for a fuel cell that can be designed to have a thinner support and can prevent hydrogen ion transmission delay as the thickness of the electrolyte membrane becomes thinner, and can improve the performance of the fuel cell.
  • the fuel cell electrolyte-reinforced membrane of the present invention has an electrolyte membrane on the surface of the porous support. As shown in a schematic cross-sectional view in FIG. 1, the first electrolyte membrane 2 is formed on one side of the porous support 1 , And a second electrolyte layer (3) is formed on the other side of the support (1).
  • the uniaxial modulus and biaxial modulus difference of the electrolyte-reinforced membrane when measured according to ASTM D 822, can satisfy Equation 1 below.
  • the electrolyte reinforced membrane of the present invention may have a modulus in a uniaxial direction (longitudinal direction) of 80 MPa or more, preferably a uniaxial modulus in a range of 85 to 145 MPa Preferably, the uniaxial direction modulus is 95 to 140 MPa.
  • the modulus in the biaxial direction (width direction) is 80 MPa or more, preferably, the modulus in the biaxial direction (width direction) is 85 to 135 MPa, more preferably 95 to 135 MPa.
  • the uniaxial tensile strength and biaxial tensile strength difference of the electrolyte-reinforced membrane can satisfy the following equation (2).
  • the electrolyte-reinforced membrane of the present invention may have a tensile strength in a uniaxial direction (longitudinal direction) of 50 MPa or more and a tensile strength in a biaxial direction (width direction) of 50 MPa or more when measured according to ASTM D 822,
  • the uniaxial tensile strength may be 60 to 95 MPa, and more preferably the uniaxial tensile strength may be 66 to 90 MPa.
  • the biaxial tensile strength may be 50 Mpa or more, and preferably the biaxial tensile strength may be 60 to 92 Mpa, and more preferably, the biaxial tensile strength may be 65 to 88 Mpa.
  • the fuel cell electrolyte-reinforced membrane of the present invention comprises the steps of: impregnating a porous support with a fluorine ionomer solution; And drying and heat treating the impregnated PTFE porous support.
  • the fluorine-based ionomer solution may further include hollow silica, thereby improving the moisture absorption of the fluorine-based ionomer solution of the support and preventing the volume expansion of the PTFE porous support due to impregnation of the fluorine-based ionomer solution.
  • the fluorine-based ionomer may include at least one selected from Nafion, Flemion, and Aciplex, and more preferably Nafion.
  • the hollow silica may have a spherical shape and may have an average particle diameter of 10 to 300 nm, and more preferably 10 nm to 100 nm.
  • the particle diameter means the diameter when the shape of the hollow silica is spherical, and the maximum distance of the straight line from one point to another point on the surface of the hollow silica when it is not spherical.
  • the average particle diameter of the hollow silica is less than 10 nm, absorption capacity of the fluorine-based ionomer solution may be limited as the capacity to support the fluorine-based ionomer solution is reduced.
  • the average diameter exceeds 300 nm, The amount of the hollow silica impregnated in the pores may be limited.
  • the hollow portion of the hollow silica is a space for supporting the fluorine ionomer solution adsorbed and moved through the shell portion.
  • the hollow portion may have a hollow diameter of 5 nm to 100 nm, more preferably 5 nm to 50 nm . If the hollow diameter is less than 5 nm, the amount of the supported fluorine ionomer solution may be reduced. If the diameter exceeds 100 nm, the particle diameter of the hollow silica may exceed the desired range or cause collapse of the shell part. Based on 100 parts by weight of the fluorine-based ionomer solution, 0.05 to 5 parts by weight, and more preferably 1 to 3 parts by weight, of hollow silica.
  • the amount of hollow silica is less than 0.05 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the fluorine-containing ionomer solution, the impregnation effect of the fluorine-based ionomer solution may be insufficient. If the amount exceeds 5 parts by weight, the ratio of the closed pores in the porous support increases, When applied to an electrode assembly, the current flow rate may be lowered.
  • the fluorine-based ionomer solution may further include at least one moisture absorbent selected from zeolite, titania, zirconia, and montmorillonite.
  • the PTFE porous support impregnated with the fluorine-based ionomer solution is taken out and dried at 60 to 100 ° C. for 1 to 30 minutes.
  • the heat treatment is performed at 100 ° C. to 200 ° C. for 1 to 5 minutes . If the temperature of the drying step is less than 60 ° C, the liquid-repellency of the fluorinated ionomer solution impregnated into the porous support may be deteriorated. When the temperature exceeds 100 ° C, the electrolyte membrane and / The adhesion with the electrode may be deteriorated.
  • the heat treatment temperature is less than 100 ° C or less than 1 minute in the heat treatment step, the liquid reflux of the fluorinated ionomer solution impregnated in the porous support may deteriorate. If the temperature exceeds 200 ° C or the heat treatment time is 5 minutes The adhesion to the electrolyte membrane may be deteriorated when the support is adhered to the electrolyte membrane.
  • the porous support in the heat-treated electrolyte-reinforced membrane may have a volume of occluded pores of 90% by volume or more based on the total pore volume.
  • porous support used for preparing the electrolyte-reinforced membrane of the present invention can be produced by the following method.
  • the porous support may include a first step of mixing and stirring a PTFE powder and a lubricant to prepare a paste; 2) aging the paste; A third step of extruding and rolling the aged paste to produce an unflavicious tape; Drying the uncured tape, and then removing the liquid lubricant; 5) uniaxially stretching the untreated tape from which the lubricant has been removed; Biaxially stretching the uniaxially stretched untreated tape; And firing step (7).
  • the paste may contain 15 to 35 parts by weight, preferably 15 to 30 parts by weight, more preferably 15 to 25 parts by weight of a lubricant based on 100 parts by weight of the PTFE powder. If the amount of the lubricant is less than 15 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the PTFE fine powder, the porosity may be lowered when the PTFE porous support is formed by the biaxial stretching process described below. If the amount is more than 35 parts by weight, The strength of the support can be weakened.
  • the average particle diameter of the PTFE powder is 300 ⁇ to 800 ⁇ . But it is not limited thereto.
  • the lubricant may be any of various alcohols, ketones, esters, etc., in addition to hydrocarbon oils such as liquid paraffin, naphtha, white oil, toluene, and xylene as the liquid lubricant, preferably selected from liquid paraffin, naphtha and white oil One or more species can be used.
  • the paste can be aged at a temperature of 30 to 70 for 12 to 24 hours, preferably aged at a temperature of 35 to 60 for 16 to 20 hours can do.
  • the aging temperature is less than 35 ° C or the aging time is less than 12 hours, the lubricant coating on the surface of the PTFE powder becomes non-uniform, which may limit the stretching uniformity of the PTFE sheet to be described below. If the aging temperature exceeds 70 ° C or the aging time exceeds 24 hours, the pore size of the support after the biaxial stretching process may become too small due to the evaporation of the lubricant.
  • the aged paste is compressed in a compressor to produce a PTFE block, and then the PTFE block is pressurized at a pressure of 0.069 to 0.200 Ton / cm 2 , preferably at a pressure of 0.090 to 0.175 Ton / cm 2 And then extruding it by pressure.
  • the pressure-extruding pressure is 0.069 Ton / cm 2
  • the strength of the support may be weakened due to the increase of the pore size of the support, and if it exceeds 0.200 Ton / cm 2 , there may be a problem that the pore size of the support after the biaxial stretching process becomes small.
  • the rolling in the third step can be carried out by calendering at an oil pressure of 5 to 10 MPa and at 50 ° C to 100 ° C. At this time, if the hydraulic pressure is less than 5 MPa, the pore size of the support becomes large and the strength of the support may be weakened, and if it exceeds 10 MPa, the support pore size may be reduced.
  • the four-step drying can be carried out by a general drying method used in the art.
  • the unfired tape produced by rolling is heated at a temperature of 100 ° C to 200 ° C at a rate of 1 to 5 M / min Conveying at a speed of 2 to 4 M / min, preferably at a temperature of 140 to 190 deg. C, while being conveyed to a conveyor belt.
  • the drying temperature is less than 100 ° C. or the drying rate is more than 5 M / min, bubbles may be generated during the drawing process due to the evaporation of the lubricant.
  • the drying temperature is more than 200 ° C., min, the stiffness of the dried tape increases, and slip may occur during the drawing process.
  • the uniaxial stretching in the five steps is a step of stretching the untreated tape in which the lubricant is removed in the longitudinal direction, and uniaxial stretching is performed using the speed difference between the rollers when the tape is fed through the rollers.
  • the untreated tape from which the lubricant has been removed is stretched in the longitudinal direction by 3 to 10 times, preferably by 6 to 9.5 times, more preferably by 6.2 to 9 times, further preferably by 6.3 to 8.2 times It is better to do it.
  • the uniaxial stretching ratio is less than 3 times, sufficient mechanical properties can not be secured. If the uniaxial stretching ratio exceeds 10 times, the mechanical properties may be rather reduced and the pores of the support may become too large.
  • the uniaxial stretching is carried out at a stretching temperature of 260 to 350 ⁇ ⁇ and a stretching speed of 6 to 12 M / min, preferably a stretching temperature of 270 to 330 ⁇ ⁇ and a stretching speed of 8 to 11.5 M / min
  • a stretching temperature of 260 to 350 ⁇ ⁇ and a stretching speed of 6 to 12 M / min preferably a stretching temperature of 270 to 330 ⁇ ⁇ and a stretching speed of 8 to 11.5 M / min
  • heat applied to the dry sheet is increased to cause a firing section
  • the uniaxial stretching temperature Exceeds 350 ⁇ ⁇ or the stretching speed exceeds 12 M / min slip may occur during the uniaxial stretching process, resulting in a problem that the thickness uniformity is lowered.
  • the biaxial stretching is carried out in the width direction (direction perpendicular to uniaxial stretching) of the uniaxially stretched untreated tape, and stretching can be performed in a state in which the end is fixed, have.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and stretching can be carried out according to a stretching method commonly used in the art.
  • the biaxial stretching can be performed at a stretching rate of 15 to 50 times in the width direction, preferably 25 to 45 times, more preferably 28 to 45 times, still more preferably 29 to 42 times, If the biaxial stretching ratio is 15 times or less, sufficient mechanical properties may not be secured. If the biaxial stretching ratio is more than 50 times, the mechanical properties are not improved and the uniformity of physical properties in the longitudinal direction and / Therefore, it is preferable that the stretching is performed within the above range.
  • the biaxial stretching is carried out at a stretching speed of 10 to 20 M / min under a stretching temperature of 150 to 260 ⁇ , preferably at a stretching speed of 11 to 18 M / min under a stretching temperature of 200 to 250 ⁇ If the biaxial stretching temperature is less than 150 ° C or the stretching speed is less than 10 M / min, there may be a problem that the stretch uniformity in the transverse direction is lowered. If the biaxial stretching temperature exceeds 260 ° C If the stretching speed exceeds 20 M / min, there may be a problem that the untreated section occurs and the physical properties are lowered.
  • the calcination in step 7 is carried out at a temperature of 350 ° C to 450 ° C, preferably 350 ° C to 450 ° C, while moving the stretched porous support on the conveyor belt at a speed of 10 to 18 M / min, preferably 13 to 17 M / It is possible to carry out the heat treatment at a temperature of 380 ° C to 440 ° C, more preferably 400 ° C to 435 ° C, thereby fixing the stretching ratio and improving the strength.
  • the firing temperature is less than 350 ° C., the strength of the porous support may be lowered. If the firing temperature is higher than 450 ° C., the fibril number may be decreased due to the underfatibility.
  • the porous support for a fuel cell electrolyte membrane of the present invention manufactured by performing the 7-step process has a stretching ratio (or aspect ratio) in a uniaxial (longitudinal) direction and a biaxial (width) direction of 1: 3.00 to 8.5, May be 1: 3.50 to 7.0, more preferably 1: 4.00 to 5.50, still more preferably 1: 4.20 to 5.00, and the uniaxial and biaxial stretch ratios (or aspect ratios) It is preferable from the viewpoints of high mechanical properties, securing the optimum pore size of the support, and ensuring proper current flowability.
  • the prepared porous support may have an average pore size of 0.080 ⁇ to 0.200 ⁇ , preferably 0.090 ⁇ to 0.180 ⁇ , more preferably 0.095 ⁇ to 0.150 ⁇ , still more preferably 0.100 to 0.140 ⁇ .
  • the porous support of the present invention may have an average porosity of 60% to 90%, more preferably 70% to 85%.
  • the average pore size of the porous support is less than 0.080 mu m or the porosity is less than 60%
  • impregnation of the electrolyte in the support may be limited when the electrolyte is impregnated to prepare an electrolyte membrane using the support. If the average pore size exceeds 0.200 m or the porosity exceeds 90%, the porous support structure may be deformed when impregnated with the electrolyte, and the life of the product may be deteriorated due to deterioration of dimensional stability.
  • the porous support produced by the above method may have an average thickness of 5 ⁇ to 25 ⁇ , preferably an average thickness of 5 ⁇ to 20 ⁇ , and more preferably 10 ⁇ to 20 ⁇ .
  • the porous support prepared by this method can satisfy the following equation (3) in the uniaxial direction modulus and biaxial direction modulus value.
  • the porous support may have a modulus in a uniaxial direction (longitudinal direction) of 40 MPa or more, preferably a uniaxial modulus of 50 MPa or more, more preferably, The uniaxial direction modulus may be 52 to 70 MPa.
  • the modulus in the biaxial direction (width direction) may be 40 MPa or more, preferably, the modulus in the biaxial direction (width direction) may be 45 MPa or more, more preferably 45 to 72 MPa.
  • the porous support used in the present invention may have a tensile strength in a uniaxial direction (longitudinal direction) of 40 MPa or more and a tensile strength in a biaxial direction (width direction) of 40 MPa or more, as measured according to ASTM D882, ,
  • the uniaxial tensile strength may be 50 MPa or more, and more preferably the uniaxial tensile strength may be 54 to 67 MPa.
  • the biaxial tensile strength is 45 Mpa or more, and more preferably the biaxial tensile strength is 48 to 68 Mpa.
  • the membrane-electrode assembly includes the steps of manufacturing the above-described fuel cell electrolyte-enhanced membrane 10, as shown in the sectional view schematically shown in FIG. 2, 22, 22 '), the gas diffusion layers 21, 21', and the electrode substrate 23, 23 '.
  • the membrane-electrode assembly includes an oxidizing electrode 20 and a reducing electrode 20 'positioned opposite to each other with a fuel cell electrolyte reinforcing film 10 therebetween do.
  • the oxidation electrode 20 and the reduction electrode 20 ' include gas diffusion layers 21 and 21', catalyst layers 22 and 22 ', and electrode substrates 23 and 23', respectively.
  • the oxidation electrode 20 may include a gas diffusion layer 21 and an oxidation catalyst layer 22.
  • the gas diffusion layer 21 may be provided to prevent rapid diffusion of fuel injected into the fuel cell and to prevent deterioration of ion conductivity.
  • the gas diffusion layer 21 can control the diffusion rate of the fuel through heat treatment or electrochemical treatment.
  • the gas diffusion layer 21 may be carbon fiber or carbon paper.
  • the fuel may be a liquid fuel such as a formic acid solution, methanol, formaldehyde, or ethanol.
  • the oxidation catalyst layer 22 may include a conductive support and an ion conductive binder (not shown) as a layer into which the catalyst is introduced.
  • the oxidation catalyst layer 22 may include a main catalyst attached to the conductive support.
  • the conductive support may be carbon black
  • the ion conductive binder may be a Nafion ionomer or a sulfonated polymer.
  • the main catalyst may be a metal catalyst, and may be, for example, platinum (Pt).
  • the oxidation catalyst layer 22 can be formed by an electroplating method, a spray method, a painting method, a doctor blade method, or a transfer method.
  • the reduction electrode 20 ' may include a gas diffusion layer 21' and a reduction catalyst layer 22 '.
  • the gas diffusion layer 21 ' may be provided to prevent abrupt diffusion of gas injected into the reducing electrode 20' and to uniformly disperse the gas injected into the reducing electrode 20 '.
  • the gas diffusion layer may be (21 ') carbon paper or carbon fiber.
  • the reduction catalyst layer 22 ' may include a conductive support and an ion conductive binder (not shown) as a layer into which the catalyst is introduced.
  • the reduction catalyst layer 22 ' may include a main catalyst attached to the conductive support.
  • the conductive support may be carbon black
  • the ion conductive binder may be a Nafion ionomer or a sulfonated polymer.
  • the main catalyst may be a metal catalyst, for example, platinum (Pt).
  • the membrane-electrode assembly may be formed by disposing the oxidation electrode 20, the composite electrolyte membrane 10 for a fuel cell, and the reduction electrode 20 ', respectively, and then pressing them together at a high temperature and a high pressure.
  • the bonding of the electrodes 20 and 20 'to both surfaces of the composite electrolyte membrane 10 for a fuel cell may be performed by first applying a gas diffusion layer forming material to one surface of the fuel cell electrolyte reinforced membrane 10 to form gas diffusion layers 21, 21 '). ≪ / RTI >
  • the gas diffusion layers 21 and 21 ' serve as current conductors between the composite electrolyte membrane 10 for a fuel cell and the catalyst layers 22 and 22', and serve as passages for gas as a reactant and water as a product. Accordingly, the gas diffusion layers 21 and 21 'may have a porous structure with a porosity of 20% to 90% so that the gas can pass through.
  • the thickness of the gas diffusion layers 21, 21 ' may be suitably adopted as needed, and may be, for example, 100 ⁇ m to 400 ⁇ m. When the thickness of the gas diffusion layers 21 and 21 'is 100 ⁇ m or less, the electrical contact resistance between the catalyst layer and the electrode substrate becomes large, and the structure may become unstable due to compression. In addition, when the thickness of the gas diffusion layers 21 and 21 'exceeds 400 ⁇ , it may become difficult to move the reactant gas.
  • the gas diffusion layers 21 and 21 ' may include a carbon-based material and a fluororesin.
  • catalyst layers 22 and 22 ' are formed on the gas diffusion layers 21 and 21'.
  • the catalyst layers 22 and 22 ' may be formed by applying a catalyst layer forming material on the gas diffusion layers 21 and 21'.
  • the catalyst layer forming material may be a metal catalyst or a metal catalyst supported on a carbon-based support.
  • the metal catalyst at least one selected from the group consisting of platinum, ruthenium, platinum-ruthenium alloy, platinum-osmium alloy, platinum-palladium alloy, and platinum-transition metal alloy may be used.
  • the carbon-based support include graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, denka black, keehan black, activated carbon, mesoporous carbon, carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber, carbon nanohorn, Wire, fullerene, and super P, for example.
  • the electrode substrate 23 and 23 ' may be made of a conductive material selected from the group consisting of carbon paper, carbon cloth, and carbon felt.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and a cathode electrode material applicable to a polymer electrolyte fuel cell All of the anode electrode materials are usable.
  • the electrode substrate may be formed by a conventional deposition method and the catalyst layers 22 and 22 'may be formed on the electrode substrates 23 and 23', and then the catalyst layers 22 and 22 'may be formed on the gas diffusion layers 21 and 21' (22, 22 ') and the gas diffusion layers (21, 21') are in contact with each other.
  • the fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention includes at least one electricity generating unit for generating electric energy through oxidation reaction of the fuel and oxidizing agent, and a fuel supply unit for supplying the fuel to the electricity generating unit. And an oxidant space portion for supplying an oxidant to the electricity generating portion.
  • the membrane-electrode assembly may include one or more electrodes, and a separator for supplying fuel and an oxidant to both ends of the membrane-electrode assembly is disposed to constitute an electricity generating unit. At least one of these electricity generating units may be gathered to form a stack.
  • the arrangement or the manufacturing method of the fuel cell can be variously applied to a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, so that it can be applied variously with reference to the prior art.
  • the paste was allowed to stand at 50 DEG C for 18 hours to be aged, and then compressed using a molding jig to prepare a PTFE block.
  • the PTFE block was put into an extrusion die, and then subjected to pressure extrusion under a pressure of about 0.10 Ton / cm 2 .
  • the untreated tape was transferred to the conveyor belt at a speed of 3 M / min while being heated by 180 ° C to be dried to remove the lubricant.
  • the untreated tape from which the lubricant was removed was subjected to uniaxial stretching (longitudinal stretching) at 6.7 times under the conditions of a stretching temperature of 280 ⁇ ⁇ and a stretching speed of 10 M / min.
  • uniaxially stretched untreated tapes were subjected to biaxial stretching (stretching in the transverse direction) at a draw temperature of 250 DEG C and a stretching speed of 10 M / min at 31 times to prepare porous supports.
  • the uniaxially and biaxially oriented porous supports were fired on the conveyor belt at a rate of 15 M / min at a temperature of 420 DEG C to prepare a PTFE porous support having an average thickness of 13.6 mu m and an average pore size of 0.112 mu m.
  • Example 2 ⁇ Example 3 and Comparative Example 1 ⁇ Comparative Example 2
  • Example 4 Example 6 and Comparative Example 3 ⁇ Comparative Example 6
  • Examples 4 to 6 and Comparative Examples 3 to 6 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the PTFE porous support was prepared by varying the temperature during the uniaxial stretching or the temperature during biaxial stretching, Respectively.
  • Example 7 Example 10 and Comparative Example 7 ⁇ Comparative Example 10
  • the PTFE porous support was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the stretching speed in the uniaxial stretching or the stretching speed in the biaxial stretching was changed as shown in Table 1 to obtain Examples 7 to 10 and Comparative Example 7 Respectively.
  • the PTFE porous support was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that uniaxial and biaxial orientation was performed under the same conditions as in Table 1 below.
  • Example 1 420 280 250 10 10 6.7 31 1: 4.63 13.6 ⁇
  • Example 2 440 280 250 10 10 6.7 31 1: 4.63 11.8 ⁇
  • Example 3 380 280 250 10 10 6.7 31 1: 4.63 17.1 ⁇
  • Example 4 420 260 250 10 10 6.7 31 1: 4.63 15.9 ⁇
  • Example 5 420 330 250 10 10 6.7 31 1: 4.63 12.9 ⁇
  • Example 6 420 280 260 10 10 6.7 31 1: 4.63 13.7 ⁇
  • Example 7 420 280 250 8 10 6.7 31 1: 4.63 13.6 ⁇
  • Example 8 420 280 250 11.5 10 6.7 31 1: 4.63 13.6 ⁇
  • Example 9 420 280 250 11.5 10 6.7 31 1: 4.63 13.6 ⁇
  • Example 9 420 280 250 11.5 10 6.7 31 1: 4.63 13.6 ⁇
  • Example 9 420 280 250 11.5 10 6.7 31 1: 4.63 13.6 ⁇
  • Example 9 420 280 250
  • the average pore size and porosity were measured according to ASTM F316-03, the pressure was 0 to 70 psi, the solvent was galwick, and the dry up / wet up method was used (capillary flow meter, capillary flow porometer).
  • the tensile strength and the modulus were measured using a universal tester under the conditions of a test speed of 500 mm / min and an initial grip distance of 500 mm after making a straight specimen (width 10 mm, length 100 mm) according to the ASTM D 882 method. test machine.
  • Example 1 0.121 71.3
  • Example 2 0.149 79.1
  • Example 3 0.091 63.6
  • Example 4 0.150 70.2
  • Example 5 0.143 78.3
  • Example 6 0.130 74.2
  • Example 7 0.145 78.1
  • Example 8 0.117 70.9
  • Example 9 0.095 68.3
  • Example 10 0.090 63.1
  • Example 11 0.140 77.4
  • Example 12 0.147 79.9
  • Example 13 0.188 76.5
  • Example 14 0.107 68.7
  • Example 15 0.151 79.6
  • Example 16 0.125 75.0
  • Example 17 0.151 78.3
  • Comparative Example 1 0.072 56.1 Comparative Example 2 0.255 91.6 Comparative Example 3 0.073 58.3
  • Comparative Example 4 0.213 88.1 Comparative Example 5 0.071 53.5 Comparative Example 6 0.229 88.2 Comparative Example 7 0.223 87.1 Comparative Example 8 0.076 54.3 Comparative Example 9 0.216 89.6 Comparative Example 10 0.076 54.3 Comparative Example
  • Nafion which is a fluorine-based ionomer
  • Example 2 the porous support prepared in Example 1 was impregnated with the Nafion solution, taken out, put in a vacuum oven, and dried at 80 DEG C for 10 minutes. Next, heat treatment was performed at 160 ⁇ ⁇ for 3 minutes to prepare a porous support impregnated with an electrolyte having a thickness of 15 ⁇ ⁇ .
  • the porous support impregnated with electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 1 except that the kinds of supports were changed as shown in Table 4 below.
  • An electrolyte-reinforced membrane was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 1 except that the electrolyte-reinforced membranes were prepared by different porous supports as shown in Table 5 to prepare electrolyte membranes having a three-layer structure including a PTFE porous support layer.
  • an electrolyte reinforced membrane having a three-layer structure as shown in Fig. 1 was prepared by using the conventional PTFE porous support (monoaxial stretching ratio 2.5 times, biaxial stretching ratio 10 times, manufacturer: Sawafron Tech).
  • the tensile strength and modulus of the electrolyte membrane thus prepared were measured according to ASTM D 822, and the results are shown in Table 5 below.
  • the uniaxial and biaxial tensile strength deviations were 20% or less, and the uniaxial and biaxial modulus deviations were 30% or less.
  • the PTFE porous support prepared by the method of the present invention has not only good mechanical properties but also excellent electrolyte impregnation amount in the inside of the support.
  • porous support 2 first electrolyte layer 3: second electrolyte layer
  • Fuel cell electrolyte strengthening film 21 Gas diffusion layer 22: Catalyst layer
  • electrode substrate 20 electrode

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Abstract

La présente invention porte sur une membrane renforcée d'électrolyte de pile à combustible, un ensemble membrane-électrode la comprenant et une pile à combustible, et plus précisément, sur une invention qui peut réaliser un matériau de pile à combustible et une pile à combustible présentant une performance améliorée en réalisant une membrane renforcée d'électrolyte de pile à combustible comprenant, depuis la vue de la section transversale de la membrane renforcée d'électrolyte, une première couche d'électrolyte formée sur une surface latérale d'un support poreux ; et une deuxième couche d'électrolyte formée sur l'autre surface latérale. En introduisant le support poreux présentant des propriétés mécaniques améliorées en étant fabriqué dans des conditions particulières de type ratio d'étirement et vitesse d'étirement, les propriétés mécaniques de la membrane renforcée d'électrolyte peuvent être grandement améliorées, et la différence de propriétés mécaniques entre une première direction axiale (direction de la longueur) et une deuxième direction axiale (direction de l'épaisseur) peut être minimisée.
PCT/KR2017/008400 2017-08-03 2017-08-03 Membrane renforcée d'électrolyte de pile à combustible et son procédé de fabrication WO2019027069A1 (fr)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005310485A (ja) * 2004-04-20 2005-11-04 Nitto Denko Corp 電解質膜および固体高分子型燃料電池
KR20080047574A (ko) * 2005-09-26 2008-05-29 고어 엔터프라이즈 홀딩즈, 인코포레이티드 고체 고분자 전해질 및 그의 제조 방법
KR101494289B1 (ko) * 2014-08-20 2015-02-17 전남대학교산학협력단 고분자전해질 다공성복합막, 상기 다공성복합막 제조방법 및 상기 다공성복합막을 포함하는 에너지저장장치
JP2015128060A (ja) * 2013-11-29 2015-07-09 旭化成イーマテリアルズ株式会社 高分子電解質膜
KR20170040018A (ko) * 2015-10-02 2017-04-12 김성철 연료전지용 ptfe 전해질막의 제조방법

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005310485A (ja) * 2004-04-20 2005-11-04 Nitto Denko Corp 電解質膜および固体高分子型燃料電池
KR20080047574A (ko) * 2005-09-26 2008-05-29 고어 엔터프라이즈 홀딩즈, 인코포레이티드 고체 고분자 전해질 및 그의 제조 방법
JP2015128060A (ja) * 2013-11-29 2015-07-09 旭化成イーマテリアルズ株式会社 高分子電解質膜
KR101494289B1 (ko) * 2014-08-20 2015-02-17 전남대학교산학협력단 고분자전해질 다공성복합막, 상기 다공성복합막 제조방법 및 상기 다공성복합막을 포함하는 에너지저장장치
KR20170040018A (ko) * 2015-10-02 2017-04-12 김성철 연료전지용 ptfe 전해질막의 제조방법

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