WO2019024742A1 - 刀刃结构、髋螺钉及股骨骨折治疗装置 - Google Patents

刀刃结构、髋螺钉及股骨骨折治疗装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019024742A1
WO2019024742A1 PCT/CN2018/097061 CN2018097061W WO2019024742A1 WO 2019024742 A1 WO2019024742 A1 WO 2019024742A1 CN 2018097061 W CN2018097061 W CN 2018097061W WO 2019024742 A1 WO2019024742 A1 WO 2019024742A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sipe
hip screw
blade structure
blade
femoral
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PCT/CN2018/097061
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林志雄
龙强
江道海
王猛
范桂雄
刘崇兵
曾达
Original Assignee
大博医疗科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 大博医疗科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 大博医疗科技股份有限公司
Priority to US16/307,199 priority Critical patent/US20210228249A1/en
Priority to EP18842276.0A priority patent/EP3485832B1/en
Publication of WO2019024742A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019024742A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/8625—Shanks, i.e. parts contacting bone tissue
    • A61B17/8635—Tips of screws
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/74—Devices for the head or neck or trochanter of the femur
    • A61B17/742—Devices for the head or neck or trochanter of the femur having one or more longitudinal elements oriented along or parallel to the axis of the neck
    • A61B17/744—Devices for the head or neck or trochanter of the femur having one or more longitudinal elements oriented along or parallel to the axis of the neck the longitudinal elements coupled to an intramedullary nail
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/74—Devices for the head or neck or trochanter of the femur
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/72—Intramedullary pins, nails or other devices
    • A61B17/7233—Intramedullary pins, nails or other devices with special means of locking the nail to the bone
    • A61B17/725—Intramedullary pins, nails or other devices with special means of locking the nail to the bone with locking pins or screws of special form
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/8625—Shanks, i.e. parts contacting bone tissue
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7097—Stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant, e.g. balloon; devices for inserting or filling such implants
    • A61B17/7098—Stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant, e.g. balloon; devices for inserting or filling such implants wherein the implant is permeable or has openings, e.g. fenestrated screw
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/72—Intramedullary pins, nails or other devices
    • A61B17/7283—Intramedullary pins, nails or other devices with special cross-section of the nail
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B2017/564—Methods for bone or joint treatment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B2017/8655—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor with special features for locking in the bone

Definitions

  • the present application relates to medical devices, and more particularly to a blade structure, and a hip screw and femur fracture treatment device having the blade structure.
  • a femoral fracture is a disease in which part or all of the human thigh bone is broken due to trauma.
  • the so-called "a hundred days of injury and bones" the femur fracture is more difficult to recover, the fracture is very painful, the movement is inconvenient and the recovery period is longer.
  • the treatment of femoral fractures must follow the three basic principles of reduction, fixation, and functional exercise.
  • the reduction is to restore the fractured femoral fracture to its normal position or near normal position to restore the support of the femur.
  • a femoral fracture treatment device is usually used.
  • Femoral fractures usually occur in the femoral neck and knuckle regions.
  • the trochanteric and subcondylar femoral fractures are currently treated with an intramedullary nail having a transverse bore for receiving a bone fastener.
  • the intramedullary nail is assembled in the medullary cavity of the femur and acts to partially prevent the torsion of the fracture.
  • the hip screw penetrates the transverse bore of the intramedullary nail, passes through the neck of the femur and enters the femoral head. During this process, the hip screw generally rotatably enters the femoral head, and after installation, the intramedullary nail and the hip screw cannot rotate relative to each other.
  • a blade structure having a body having a central radiation symmetrical cross section, wherein each central radiation symmetrical portion of the blade structure defines at least one sipe and a blade formed at a top end of both side walls of the sipe, the blade edge The projection of the top falls inside the bottom of the slot.
  • the body has a cross section having a circular contour
  • the blade structure is distributed with at least one sipe and a blade formed at a top end of both side walls of the sipe, the sipe having a cross section by The cutting edge to the bottom of the groove forms a first circular arc whose center is located in a space defined by the sipe, and the two first circular arcs in the same sipe are located at a center of a cross section of the body The second arc connection at the center of the circle.
  • the sipe is provided with three.
  • the sipe is a linear sipe that smoothly transitions with the outer surface of the blade structure body at the bottom end of the sipe.
  • the sipe is a helical sipe having a predetermined thread elevation.
  • the present application provides a hip screw comprising a blade portion and a joint portion, the blade portion comprising a blade edge structure as described above.
  • the hip screw is provided with a through hole extending along a center line thereof.
  • a plurality of circular holes are formed in the blade edge of the blade structure.
  • a plurality of penetrating circular holes are also formed at the bottom end of the sipe of the blade structure, and the circular holes open to the through holes.
  • the application also provides a femoral treatment device comprising a hip screw as described above.
  • a positioning groove is disposed on the connecting portion, and the positioning groove is disposed on a surface of the hip screw, and a longitudinal direction of the positioning groove is consistent with a length direction of the hip screw.
  • a plane parallel to the positioning groove and a front end of the connecting portion have a predetermined inclination angle.
  • the bottom surface of the positioning groove has a circular arc shape.
  • the present application realizes a stable combination of the structural body and the bone structure by designing a blade structure having a special shape, the blade edge is arranged at the top end of both side walls of the sipe, and the projection of the top end falls inside the groove bottom of the sipe, forming
  • the special structure with small opening and large internal cavity makes the hip screw with the knife-shaped structure more tightly coupled with the bone structure after being embedded in the bone structure, and does not easily rotate so as to make the fixed position unstable, and also makes the problem
  • the femoral fracture treatment device with such a knife-shaped hip screw is more durable in long-term use, ensuring normal healing of the bone.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a blade structure in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of a hip screw according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a hip screw in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a front elevational view of a hip screw in another embodiment of the present application.
  • the present application provides a blade structure 10, as shown in FIG. 1, the body of the blade structure 10 has a central radiation symmetric cross section, such a cross section may be a common circular, square, equilateral triangle, etc. It is an ellipse, a rectangle, and the like.
  • Each central radiation symmetrical portion of the blade structure 10 is distributed with at least one sipe 100 and a blade edge 200 formed at the top end of both side walls of the sipe 100, that is, the blade edge 200 is distributed at the edge of the sipe 100 and is concentrated on both sides of the sipe 100.
  • the top end of the wall, and the top end of the blade requires its projection to fall inside the bottom of the sipe groove, that is, a structure with a small opening and a large internal cavity.
  • the blade structure 10 provided by the present application is an embedded cutter structure which is applied to a hip screw and can meet the working requirements of the hip screw.
  • the ideal working state of the hip screw is embedded in the object, at least in the
  • the blade structure 10 can be kept stationary in the radial direction, that is, the rotation of the shaft is not caused by the external disturbance, and the blade structure has a small opening and a large internal cavity, so that after being embedded in the object, in the sipe 100 It will be filled with more object bodies, which will generate more resistance to the rotation of the tool and avoid its easy radial position change.
  • the body of the blade structure 10 has a circular contour cross section, and the cross-sectional contour shape of the sipe 100 is not a linear profile, that is, not all straight lines The edge of the profile or the angle formed by the straight edge.
  • the cross section of the blade structure 10 is formed by the blade 200 to the bottom of the groove, and the first arc 110 having a center in the space defined by the slot 100 is the same.
  • the two first circular arcs 110 in the sipe 100 are connected by a second circular arc 120 whose center is located at the center of the cross section of the body.
  • the cross section of the sipe 100 is connected by two first circular arcs 110 of a second circular arc 120.
  • the cross section of the sipe 100 is composed of two first circular arcs 110 and one second circular arc 120.
  • the second circular arcs 120 respectively connect two first circular arcs 110, and the two first circular arcs 110 correspond to
  • the center of the circle is on the same side of a certain line, and the center of the second arc 120 is on the other side of the line, and the center of the second arc 120 coincides with the center of the cross section of the blade structure, and two arcs The radius is different.
  • the first arc 110 can directly intersect the circular contour of the blade structure 10, forming an arcuate tip at the intersection that faces the circular contour of the blade structure 10 (may also not intersect, through the circle
  • the shape contour is provided with an opening in the first circular arc to form a curved tip end, and thus a structure in which the opening is small and the inner cavity is large is formed as a whole.
  • Such a cross-sectional distribution can satisfy the requirement of making the hollow area of the cross-section as large as possible. When the hollow area of the cross-section is large, the interference of the hip screw to the intra-bone material can be minimized.
  • the hip screw 20 provided by the present application, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, includes a blade portion 21 and a connecting portion 22, wherein the blade portion 21 adopts a blade structure 10 as described above, and the hip screw 20 is used for being placed in a human body.
  • the bones it has the characteristics of being stable and not easy to rotate after implanting the bone, ensuring that the healing of the bone is less interfered by external forces.
  • the number of sipe 100 distributed on the blade structure 10 is three, and in particular, three sipe 100 of the same shape may be evenly distributed along the center of the blade structure 10. This design enables each sipe 100 to have a cavity area as large as possible, and also minimizes the use of the blade structure 10.
  • the sipe 100 is a linear sipe 100, and the sipe 100 smoothly transitions with the outer surface of the body of the blade structure 10 at the bottom end of the sipe 100. Due to the special cross-sectional shape, the blade structure 10 having the linear sipe 100 is more easily embedded in the object from a linear direction. Thus, as shown in Figure 2, the use of a hip screw 20 having a linear sipe 100 blade structure 10 has the advantage of being easier to implant into the bone and more stable after implantation.
  • the sipe 100 is a spiral sipe 100 (not shown) having a predetermined thread elevation angle. If the spiral groove 100 is used, the stability embedded in the object is higher, and it is not easy to loosen from the axial direction or the radial direction.
  • the helical structure facilitates axial advancement, so tools with helical sipe can avoid the use of additional tools and can be easily embedded into objects by their own rotation.
  • a through hole 24 is provided in the center of the hip screw 20, that is, the hip screw 20 is provided with a through hole penetrating along the center line thereof. 24, in the middle of the hip screw 20 can pass the guide pin, the guide pin plays a guiding role in the implantation process of the hip screw 20, and facilitates the operation.
  • a plurality of penetrating circular holes 23 are provided in the blade 200 of the hip screw 20, and these circular holes 23 can reduce the weight of the hip screw 20 on the one hand, so that it is maintained.
  • the structure is more compact and lighter.
  • the intra-bone material separated by the blade 200 can be circulated through the circular hole 23 to reduce the disturbance to the material in the bone.
  • the bottom end of the sipe 100 of the blade structure 10 of the hip screw 20 is also provided with a plurality of penetrating circular holes 23, and the circular holes 23 lead to the middle of the hip screw 20.
  • These round holes 23 are bone cement holes which are mainly used in the case of osteoporosis in the elderly, through which the bone cement is injected into the femur to enhance the stability of the hip screw 20.
  • the present application also provides a femoral treatment device comprising an intramedullary nail and a hip screw, such a mating structure known to those skilled in the art, and the hip included in the femoral treatment device provided by the present application
  • the screw is the hip screw 20 described above.
  • the connecting portion 22 of the hip screw 20 is provided with a positioning groove 25 which is provided on the surface of the hip screw 20, and the longitudinal direction of the positioning groove 25 coincides with the longitudinal direction of the hip screw 20.
  • the hip screw 20 is coupled to the intramedullary nail through a transverse hole in the intramedullary nail to form the main structure of the femoral treatment device, so that a plug that matches the positioning groove 25 will be provided on the intramedullary nail.
  • the plug abuts in the positioning groove 25 to achieve the effect of fixing the hip screw 20 relative to the intramedullary nail. Since the specific structure of the intramedullary nail is not the focus of the present application, it will not be described in detail.
  • the positioning groove 25 since it is a groove formed on the curved surface, there must be a plane defined by the longitudinal direction and the width direction of the positioning groove 25, which is parallel to the positioning groove 25, as a preferred solution, the plane
  • the end surface 26 of the top end of the connecting portion 22 is at a predetermined inclination angle ⁇ , that is, when the hip screw 20 is in the assembled position, the tip end surface 26 can be nearly parallel or parallel with the intramedullary nail axis, such an arrangement that the femoral fracture treatment device is more matched.
  • the natural skeletal structure of the human body also makes the structure of the femoral fracture treatment device more streamlined.
  • the bottom surface of the positioning groove 25 may be provided in various shapes, for example, may be arranged in a rectangular shape, a triangular shape or a circular arc shape, and is preferably arranged in a circular arc shape, because the circular arc-shaped bottom surface enables the plug body and positioning on the intramedullary nail.
  • the abutting contact area of the groove 25 is larger, so that the connection structure of the two is more stable.
  • appropriate rounded corners are provided on the edges of the positioning groove 25, and rounded corners are provided to make the positioning groove 25 easier to interface with a mating structure such as a plug.

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Abstract

一种刀刃结构(10)，本体为具有中心辐射对称的横截面，刀刃结构(10)上每一个中心辐射对称的部分分布至少一个刀槽(100)和形成于刀槽(100)两侧壁顶端的刀刃(200)，刀刃(200)的顶端的投影落在刀槽(100)的槽底的内部。该刀刃结构(10)不会轻易发生转动以产生固定位置不稳定的问题。还公开了一种具有该刀刃结构(10)的髋螺钉(20)和股骨骨折治疗装置。髋螺钉(20)在长期使用过程中定位更持久，确保骨骼的正常愈合。

Description

刀刃结构、髋螺钉及股骨骨折治疗装置 技术领域
本申请涉及医疗器械，特别涉及一种刀刃结构，以及具有该刀刃结构的髋螺钉和股骨骨折治疗装置。
背景技术
在医学意义上，股骨骨折是一种由于外伤致使人体大腿骨部分或全部断裂的疾病。所谓“伤筋动骨一百天”，股骨骨折更是难以恢复，骨折让人十分痛苦，行动不便且恢复期较长。治疗股骨骨折需遵循复位、固定、功能锻炼这三项基本原则，其中复位是将骨折后发生移位的股骨断端重新恢复其正常位置或接近正常位置，以重新恢复股骨的支撑作用。为使矫正复位后的骨架结构进行位置保持，通常会使用股骨骨折治疗装置。
股骨骨折通常发生在股骨颈和转节区域中。通常，转节和次转节股骨骨折当前用髓内钉来治疗，该髓内钉具有用于容纳骨紧固件的横向钻孔。髓内钉被装配在股骨的髓腔中，可起到部分防止骨折断端扭转的作用，髋螺钉穿过髓内钉的横向钻孔、经过股骨的颈部并进入到股骨头部中，在此过程中髋螺钉一般是可旋转地进入到股骨头部中，而在安装到位后，髓内钉与髋螺钉不可以相互转动。为了实现这一要求，一般采用在髓内钉内设置定位螺栓，定位穿过横孔的髋螺钉，以防止髓内钉和髋螺钉的相对移动或转动，或者将髋螺钉设置为非圆形状防止其转动，但是这些措施仍然不能完全控制骨折断端的旋转、横向微动等问题，又由于在使用过程中长期受外力作用而使定位部分逐渐扭转松脱，易导致髋螺钉发生转动和轴向偏移，使骨骼愈合过程迟延。
发明内容
基于此，有必要针对上述提到的髋螺钉在长期使用过程中位置不稳定的问题，提供一种刀刃结构，以及具有该刀刃结构的髋螺钉，并相应提供一种 包括此种结构髋螺钉的股骨骨折治疗装置。
一种刀刃结构，其本体具有中心辐射对称的横截面，所述刀刃结构上每一个中心辐射对称的部分开设至少一个刀槽和形成于所述刀槽两侧壁顶端的刀刃，所述刀刃的顶端的投影落在所述刀槽槽底的内部。
在其中一个实施例中，其本体为具有圆形轮廓的横截面，所述刀刃结构上分布至少一个刀槽和形成于所述刀槽两侧壁顶端的刀刃，所述刀槽的横截面由所述刀刃至槽底形成以圆心位于所述刀槽所限定的空间内的第一圆弧，同一个所述刀槽内的两个所述第一圆弧以圆心位于所述本体的横截面圆心处的第二圆弧连接。
在其中一个实施例中，所述刀槽设有三个。
在其中一个实施例中，所述刀槽为直线型刀槽，所述刀槽在所述刀槽的底端处与所述刀刃结构本体的外表面平滑过渡。
在其中一个实施例中，所述刀槽为具有预定螺纹升角的螺旋型刀槽。
本申请提供了一种髋螺钉，包括刀刃部和连接部，所述刀刃部包括如上任一所述的刀刃结构。
在其中一个实施例中，所述髋螺钉设有沿其中心线贯穿的通孔。
进一步的，在刀刃结构的刀刃上设有若干贯穿的圆孔。
进一步的，在所述刀刃结构的刀槽底端也设有若干贯穿的圆孔，所述圆孔通向所述通孔。
本申请还提供了一种股骨治疗装置，所述股骨治疗装置含有如上任一所述的髋螺钉。
在其中一个实施例中，在所述连接部上设置有定位槽，所述定位槽设置在所述髋螺钉的表面，定位槽的长度方向与所述髋螺钉长度方向一致。
进一步的，同所述定位槽平行的平面与所述连接部顶端的端面呈预定倾斜角。
在其中一个实施例中，所述定位槽的底面为圆弧形。
本申请通过设计具有特殊外形的刀刃结构来实现结构本体与骨质结构的稳固结合，该刀刃结构将刀刃设置于刀槽两侧壁顶端，而顶端的投影落在刀槽槽底的内部，形成开口小而内腔大的特殊结构，使得具有该刀型结构的髋螺钉在嵌入骨质结构之后与骨质结构结合更紧密，不会轻易发生转动以至于 使固定位置不稳定的问题，也使具有此种刀型结构髋螺钉的股骨骨折治疗装置在长期使用过程中定位更持久，确保骨骼的正常愈合。
附图说明
图1为本申请一实施例中刀刃结构横截面示意图；
图2为本申请一实施例中髋螺钉的主视图；
图3为本申请一实施例中髋螺钉的剖视图；
图4为本申请另一实施例中髋螺钉的主视图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和示例性实施例对本申请作进一步地描述，其中附图中相同的标号全部指的是相同的部件。此外，如果已知技术的详细描述对于示出本申请的特征是不必要的，则将其省略。
本申请提供了一种刀刃结构10，如图1所示，刀刃结构10的本体为具有中心辐射对称的横截面，这样的横截面可以是常见的圆形、正方形、等边三角形等，也可以是椭圆形、矩形等。刀刃结构10上每一个中心辐射对称的部分分布至少一个刀槽100和形成于刀槽100两侧壁顶端的刀刃200，即刀刃200分布在刀槽100的边沿，并且集中于刀槽100两侧壁的顶端，而刀刃的顶端要求其投影落在刀槽槽底的内部，也即形成口小而内腔大的结构。本申请提供的刀刃结构10是一种嵌入型的刀具结构，这种刀具结构应用于髋螺钉，能够满足髋螺钉的工作要求，髋螺钉的理想工作状态是嵌入在物体中静止不动，至少在刀刃结构10的径向上能够保持静止，即不会因为轻易受外界干扰而产生饶轴的转动，而该刀刃结构具有开口小而内腔大的结构，因此在嵌入物体后，在刀槽100中会充满更多物体本体，能够对刀具的转动产生更大的阻力，避免其轻易出现径向的位置变动。
这种口小内腔大的结构有很多，作为一个优选的方案，刀刃结构10的本体具有圆形轮廓的横截面，而刀槽100的横截面轮廓形状并非直线型轮廓，即并非全部由直线型的边或由直线型的边形成的角组成，具体的，刀刃结构10的横截面由刀刃200至槽底形成以圆心位于刀槽100所限定的空间内的第一圆弧110，同一个刀槽100内的两个第一圆弧110以圆心位于本体的横截 面圆心处的第二圆弧120连接，刀槽100的截面由一个第二圆弧120连接的两个第一圆弧110构成，即刀槽100的横截面由两个第一圆弧110和一个第二圆弧120构成，由第二圆弧120分别连接两个第一圆弧110，两个第一圆弧110对应的圆心都在某一直线的同侧，而第二圆弧120对应的圆心在该直线的另一侧，且第二圆弧120对应的圆心与刀刃结构横截面的圆心重合，两种圆弧的半径不同。由于刀刃结构10本身是圆形轮廓，第一圆弧110可直接与刀刃结构10的圆形轮廓相交，在相交处形成朝向刀刃结构10圆形轮廓内的弧形尖端(也可不相交，通过圆形轮廓向第一圆弧内设置开口形成具有弧形的尖端)，因而整体形成一种开口小而内腔大的结构。如此的截面分布能够满足使截面上镂空面积尽量大的要求，当截面上镂空面积较大时，就能尽量减小髋螺钉对骨内物质的干扰。
本申请提供的髋螺钉20，如图1和图2所示，包括刀刃部21和连接部22，其中的刀刃部21采用如上所述的刀刃结构10，该髋螺钉20是用作置入人体骨头当中的，因而具有在植入骨头之后稳定不易转动的特点，确保骨头的愈合更少受到外力干扰。作为一个优选的方案，在刀刃结构10上分布的刀槽100的数量为三个，具体可以是三个相同形状的刀槽100沿刀刃结构10的中心均匀分布。如此设计能够使得每个刀槽100做到内腔面积尽量大，也使得刀刃结构10用料尽量少。
作为一个优选的方案，刀槽100为直线型刀槽100，而刀槽100在所述刀槽100的底端处与刀刃结构10本体的外表面平滑过渡。由于具有特殊的横截面形状，具有直线型刀槽100的刀刃结构10从直线方向更容易嵌入物体当中。因此，如图2所示，采用具有直线型刀槽100刀刃结构10的髋螺钉20具有植入骨头中更容易，而植入后更稳定的特点。
作为另一个优选的方案，刀槽100为具有预定螺纹升角的螺旋型刀槽100(图中未示出)。如果采用螺旋型槽100，嵌入到物体当中的稳定性就更高，无论从轴向还是从径向都不易松脱。此外，螺旋结构有助于轴向推进，因此，具有螺旋型刀槽的刀具可避免使用额外的工具，依靠自身的旋转即可便利地嵌入到物体当中。
在本申请提供的髋螺钉20方案中，优选的，如图1和图3所示，在髋螺 钉20的中心设有通孔24，即髋螺钉20上设有沿其中心线贯穿的通孔24，使得在髋螺钉20中间可通过导针，该导针起到在髋螺钉20植入过程中产生导向作用，方便手术操作。
作为一个优选的方案，如图1和图3所示，在髋螺钉20的刀刃200上设有若干贯穿的圆孔23，这些圆孔23一方面能够减轻髋螺钉20的重量，使其在保持结构稳固的前提下更加轻便，另一方面可以使得被刀刃200分开的骨内物质通过圆孔23交流，降低对骨内物质的扰动。
作为一个进一步优选的方案，如图1和图4所示，髋螺钉20的刀刃结构10的刀槽100底端也设有若干贯穿的圆孔23，而这些圆孔23通向髋螺钉20中间的通孔24。这些圆孔23为骨水泥孔，主要用在老年人骨质疏松情况下，通过这些圆孔23将骨水泥注入到股骨中，增强髋螺钉20的稳定性。
相应地，本申请还提供了一种股骨治疗装置，该股骨治疗装置包括有髓内钉和髋螺钉，此种配合结构本领域技术人员能够知晓，而本申请提供的股骨治疗装置所包括的髋螺钉为前文所述的髋螺钉20。并且在其中一个方案中，髋螺钉20的连接部22上设置有定位槽25，该定位槽25设置在髋螺钉20的表面，定位槽25的长度方向与髋螺钉20的长度方向一致。通常情况下，髋螺钉20通过髓内钉上的横孔与髓内钉配合连接以形成股骨治疗装置的主要结构，因此将会在髓内钉上设置与定位槽25相匹配的栓体，该栓体抵靠在定位槽25中以实现髋螺钉20相对髓内钉位置固定的效果，因为髓内钉的具体结构并非本申请的侧重点，所以不作详细说明。
对于定位槽25，由于其是一个在曲面上开设的槽体，必然存在一个由定位槽25的长度方向和宽度方向确定的平面，该平面同定位槽25平行，作为一个优选的方案，该平面与连接部22顶端的端面26呈预定倾斜角θ，也即当髋螺钉20处于装配位置时，其顶端端面26能够与髓内钉轴线接近平行或者平行，这样的设置使得股骨骨折治疗装置更加匹配人体的天然骨骼结构，也使得股骨骨折治疗装置的结构更加精简。另外，定位槽25的底面可以设置为多种形状，例如可以设置为矩形、三角形或者圆弧形，优选设置为圆弧形，因为圆弧形底面使得在髓内钉上设置的栓体与定位槽25的抵靠接触面积更大，令二者的连接结构更加稳定。进一步优选的，在定位槽25的各边沿上设 置适当的圆角，设置圆角使定位槽25更容易与匹配结构如栓体对接。
虽然上面已经示出了本申请的一些示例性实施例，但是本领域的技术人员将理解，在不脱离本申请的原理或精神的情况下，可以对这些示例性实施例做出改变，本申请的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种刀刃结构，其特征在于，其本体具有中心辐射对称的横截面，所述刀刃结构上每一个中心辐射对称的部分开设至少一个刀槽和形成于所述刀槽两侧壁顶端的刀刃，所述刀刃的顶端的投影落在所述刀槽槽底的内部。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的刀刃结构，其特征在于，其本体为具有圆形轮廓的横截面，所述刀槽的横截面由所述刀刃至槽底形成以圆心位于所述刀槽所限定的空间内的第一圆弧，同一个所述刀槽内的两个所述第一圆弧以圆心位于所述本体的横截面圆心处的第二圆弧连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的刀刃结构，其特征在于，所述刀槽设有三个。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的刀刃结构，其特征在于，所述刀槽为直线型刀槽，所述刀槽在所述刀槽的底端处与所述刀刃结构本体的外表面平滑过渡。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的刀刃结构，其特征在于，所述刀槽为具有预定螺纹升角的螺旋型刀槽。
  6. 一种髋螺钉，其特征在于，包括刀刃部和连接部，所述刀刃部包括如权利要求1～5任一所述的刀刃结构。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的髋螺钉，其特征在于，所述髋螺钉设有沿其中心线贯穿的通孔。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的髋螺钉，其特征在于，在刀刃结构的刀刃上设有若干贯穿的圆孔。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的髋螺钉，其特征在于，在所述刀刃结构的刀槽底端也设有若干贯穿的圆孔，所述圆孔通向所述通孔。
  10. 一种股骨治疗装置，其特征在于，所述股骨治疗装置含有如权利要求6～9任一所述的髋螺钉。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的股骨治疗装置，其特征在于，在所述连接部上设置有定位槽，所述定位槽设置在所述髋螺钉的表面，定位槽的长度方向与所述髋螺钉长度方向一致。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的股骨治疗装置，其特征在于，同所述定位槽平行的平面与所述连接部顶端的端面呈预定倾斜角。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的股骨治疗装置，其特征在于，所述定位槽的底面为圆弧形。
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