WO2019019662A1 - 长茎葡萄蕨藻与鱼虾生态共养的方法及装置 - Google Patents

长茎葡萄蕨藻与鱼虾生态共养的方法及装置 Download PDF

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WO2019019662A1
WO2019019662A1 PCT/CN2018/079332 CN2018079332W WO2019019662A1 WO 2019019662 A1 WO2019019662 A1 WO 2019019662A1 CN 2018079332 W CN2018079332 W CN 2018079332W WO 2019019662 A1 WO2019019662 A1 WO 2019019662A1
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Prior art keywords
culture pond
water
shrimp
long
fish
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PCT/CN2018/079332
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵永贞
李强勇
陈秀荔
刘青云
洪传远
辛文仑
程远
陈晓汉
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广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院
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Publication of WO2019019662A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019019662A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
    • A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
    • A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
    • A01K63/045—Filters for aquaria
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/76—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/04—Disinfection
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/18—Removal of treatment agents after treatment
    • C02F2303/185—The treatment agent being halogen or a halogenated compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and relates to a method and a device for ecologically co-cultivating a long-stem grape fern and a fish and shrimp.
  • the nitrogen and phosphorus enriched in fish and shrimp culture wastewater can be absorbed by the long-stem grape fern, and the water quality of the fish and shrimp culture water is purified, and the sea water resources are improved.
  • the utilization rate will promote the increase of production and efficiency of fish and shrimp farming.
  • the nitrogen and phosphorus enriched in shrimp and fish culture wastewater provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of the long-stem grape, and avoid the use of artificial nutrients, reducing the cost of breeding the long-stem grape bran; Therefore, the ecological complement of algae, shrimp and fish culture is realized, which has extremely high economic and ecological value.
  • the present invention provides a method and a device for ecologically co-cultivating the long-stem grape fern and the fish and shrimp, thereby realizing the complementary and co-culture of the fern and the shrimp or the fish, thereby achieving the purpose of jointly increasing production and increasing efficiency.
  • a device for ecologically co-cultivating a long-stem grape fern with fish and shrimp characterized by: comprising a shrimp fish culture pond, a long stem grape fern algae culture pond, a sedimentation tank, a filter and a clean water storage tank; [0006] The water outlet of the shrimp fish culture pond is connected to the water inlet of the sedimentation tank;
  • the water outlet of the sedimentation tank is connected to the inlet of the filter
  • the water outlet of the filter is respectively connected to the water inlet of the long stem grape fern algae culture pond and the water inlet of the clear water storage tank through a three-way valve;
  • the water outlet of the clear water storage tank is connected to the water inlet of the long stem grape fern algae culture pond and the water inlet of the shrimp fish culture pond through a three-way valve;
  • the water outlet of the long stem grape fern culture pond is connected to the water inlet of the clear water storage pool and the water inlet of the shrimp fish culture pond through a three-way valve.
  • the above-mentioned shrimp fish culture pond is provided with a directional aerator and a microporous aerator; the directional aerator is arranged to be installed on the pool wall of the shrimp fish culture pond; The device is installed at the bottom of the shrimp fish culture pond.
  • the above-mentioned long stem grape fern algae culture pond is provided with an applicator and a filler, and the filler is located under the applicator; the filler is laid on the bottom of the long stem grape fern algae culture pond; Fillers include shell powder, coral stone, volcanic stone or other trace element slow release fillers.
  • the raw water is injected into the shrimp fish culture pond, the waste water in the shrimp fish culture pond is passed into the sedimentation tank, and the precipitated water is filtered through the filter; the smashing filter and the long stem grape fern
  • the connection of the algae culture pond is closed, and the connection between the filter and the clear water storage tank is closed, and the filtered water flows into the culture pond of the long-stem grape fern; the long-stem grape fern algae breeding pond and the shrimp fish breeding pond
  • the connection between the water flowing through the long stem grape fern culture pond flows into the shrimp fish culture pond to form a continuous circulating aquaculture; the filter is closed to the long stem grape fern algae breeding pond, and the same
  • the filter is connected to the clear water storage tank, and the filtered water flows directly into the clear water storage tank.
  • the water in the clear water storage tank can be flowed into the shrimp fish culture pond or the long stem grape fern algae culture pond as needed, thereby forming an intermittent cycle. Aquaculture.
  • a method for ecologically co-cultivating the long-stem grape fern and the fish and shrimp using the above-mentioned apparatus for ecologically co-cultivating the fern and the fish and the shrimp characterized in that: the following steps are mainly included:
  • Raw water treatment Introduce seawater, filter seawater through quartz sand, remove organic matter by foam separation method, and after multi-stage disinfection, adsorb activated toxic and harmful substances with activated carbon, and finally filter through 0.5um precision filter. After aeration, the water temperature is 20 ⁇ 35 °C, and the salinity is 28%. ⁇ 35%. , raw water with a pH of 7.8 ⁇ 8.4;
  • step (1) the raw water obtained in step (1) is injected into the shrimp fish culture pond; the wastewater in the shrimp fish culture pond is introduced into the sedimentation tank, and is deposited and deposited on the bottom of the tank through sedimentation.
  • the precipitated water is filtered through the filter; the filtered water flows into the long-stem grape fern algae culture pond; the stalked long-stem grape fern algae culture pond water outlet and shrimp fish culture pond
  • the connection of the water inlet is critical, and the water flowing through the long-stem grape fern culture pond flows into the shrimp fish culture pond to form a continuous circulating aquaculture; the connection between the filter outlet and the water inlet of the long-stem grape fern breeding pond is closed ⁇ Close, the filtered water flows directly into the clear water storage pool, and then the water in the clear water storage pool is pumped into the long-stem grape fern algae culture pond, and the connection between the water outlet of the long-stem grape fern algae culture pond and the water storage tank inlet is opened.
  • the multi-stage disinfection method described in the above step (1) is to first disinfect with ozone, then secondary disinfection with ultraviolet rays, and finally add oxidizing chlorine for disinfection, and after disinfection, remove residual with sodium thiosulfate. Oxidizing chlorine.
  • the distance between the top of the applicator and the water surface in the culture pond of the long stem grape fern has been maintained between 1 and 20 cm; the light culture intensity of the long stem grape fern culture pool is controlled at 3000 ⁇ 8000 1x, photoperiod Cultured in an environment of uninterrupted darkness for 12 hours after 12 hours of uninterrupted illumination.
  • the device of the invention is based on the different requirements of the culture environment of the long-stem grape, the shrimp, and the fish, and the separate breeding units are designed for different varieties, respectively, and the optimal breeding environment is provided respectively, and the same is provided.
  • Different farming units are organically coupled through facilities such as sedimentation tanks, filters, and clear water storage tanks to achieve ecological complementarity and co-culture of fern algae and shrimp or fish, and jointly increase production and increase efficiency.
  • the device of the invention can carry out batch and continuous culture according to different culture characteristics of shrimp or fish, has convenient operation, strong controllability and good practicability.
  • the method of the present invention fish, shrimp and other marine aquaculture wastewater for the growth of the long stem grape fern algae to provide nutrients, can absorb the nutrient nitrogen and phosphorus in the aquaculture wastewater through the long stem grape fern, etc., purification of fish and shrimp culture water
  • Water, energy saving, shrimp or fish, algae jointly increase production and efficiency, with high ecological value and economic value.
  • FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1 :
  • a device for ecologically co-cultivating a long-stem grape fern with fish and shrimp comprising a shrimp fish culture pond, a long stem grape fern algae pond, a sedimentation tank, a filter and a clean water storage tank;
  • the water outlet of the shrimp fish culture pond is connected with the water inlet of the sedimentation tank; the shrimp fish culture pond is provided with a directional aerator and a microporous aerator; the directional aerator is in the same direction Arranged and installed on the wall of the shrimp fish culture pond; the microporous aerator is installed in the center of the bottom of the shrimp fish culture pond;
  • the water outlet of the sedimentation tank is connected to the inlet of the filter
  • the water outlet of the filter is respectively connected to the water inlet of the long stem grape fern algae culture pond and the water inlet of the clear water storage tank through a three-way valve;
  • the water outlet of the clear water storage tank is connected to the water inlet of the long stem grape fern algae culture pond and the water inlet of the shrimp fish culture pond through a three-way valve;
  • the water outlet of the long stem grape fern culture pond is connected to the water inlet of the clear water storage pool and the water inlet of the shrimp fish culture pond through a three-way valve.
  • the long stem grape fern algae breeding pool is provided with an applicator and a filler The filler is located under the applicator; the filler is laid on the bottom of the pond of the long-stem grape fern culture; the filler comprises shell powder, coral stone, volcanic stone or other trace element sustained-release filler.
  • the raw water is injected into the shrimp fish culture pond, and the directional aerator and the microporous aerator are used for shrimp culture; the wastewater in the shrimp culture pond is introduced into the sedimentation tank, and is precipitated.
  • the water is filtered through the filter; the connection between the snoring filter and the long-stem grape fern pond is closed, and the connection between the filter and the clear water storage tank is closed, and the filtered water flows into the long-stem grape In the breeding pond; the connection between the long-stem grape fern algae breeding pond and the shrimp fish breeding pond, the water flowing through the long-stem grape fern algae breeding pond flows into the shrimp fish breeding pond, forming a continuous circulating aquaculture; The connection with the long-stem grape fern algae breeding pond, the connection between the snoring filter and the clear water storage tank, the filtered water flows directly into the clear water storage pool, and the water in the clear water storage tank can flow into the shrimp as needed.
  • the method for ecologically co-cultivating the long-stem grape fern and the fish and shrimp using the apparatus for ecologically co-cultivating the fern and the fish and shrimp as described in Example 1 mainly comprises the following steps:
  • Raw water treatment Introduce seawater, filter seawater through quartz sand, remove organic matter by foam separation, disinfect with ozone, then disinfect with ultraviolet light, and finally add oxidizing chlorine for disinfection. After disinfection, the residual oxidizing chlorine is removed with sodium thiosulfate; after multi-stage disinfection, the activated carbon is used to adsorb toxic and harmful substances, and finally filtered and aerated with 0.5um precision filter to obtain water temperature of 20 ⁇ 25°C. , salinity is 28%. ⁇ 32%. , raw water with a pH of 7.8 ⁇ 8.0;
  • step (1) the raw water obtained in step (1) is injected into the shrimp fish culture pond; the wastewater in the shrimp fish culture pond is introduced into the sedimentation tank, and is deposited and deposited at the bottom of the tank through sedimentation. After the waste, such as feces and residual baits, the precipitated water is filtered through the filter; the outlet of the sputum filter is connected to the inlet of the long-stem grape fern culture pond, and the filter outlet is closed at the same time.
  • connection of the inlet of the clear water storage pool is critical, and the filtered water flows into the pond of the long-stem grape fern algae;
  • the water outlet of the fern algae culture pond is connected to the inlet of the shrimp fish culture pond, and the water flowing through the long stem grape fern culture pond flows into the shrimp fish culture pond to form continuous circulating aquaculture.
  • the method for ecologically co-cultivating the Phyllostachys pubescens and the fish and shrimp using the apparatus for ecologically co-cultivating the Phyllostachys pubescens and the fish and shrimp as described in Example 1 mainly comprises the following steps:
  • Raw water treatment Introduce seawater, filter seawater through quartz sand, remove organic matter by foam separation method, disinfect with ozone, then disinfect with ultraviolet light, and finally add oxidizing chlorine for disinfection. After disinfection, the residual oxidizing chlorine is removed by sodium thiosulfate; after multi-stage disinfection, the activated carbon is used to adsorb toxic and harmful substances, and finally filtered and aerated by 0.5um precision filter to obtain water temperature of 25 ⁇ 30°C. , the salinity is 30%. ⁇ 32%. , raw water with a pH of 8.0 ⁇ 8.2;
  • step (1) the raw water obtained in step (1) is injected into the shrimp fish culture pond; the wastewater in the shrimp fish culture pond is introduced into the sedimentation tank, and is deposited and deposited on the bottom of the tank through sedimentation. After the waste, such as feces and residual baits, the precipitated water is filtered through the filter; the connection between the filter outlet and the inlet of the long-stem grape fern pond is shut off, and the filter outlet and clean water are saved.
  • connection of the pool inlet is closed, and the filtered water flows directly into the clear water storage tank; the water in the clear water storage tank is pumped into the long-stem grape fern algae culture pond, and the water outlet and clear water of the long-stem grape fern algae culture pond are smashed.
  • the connection of the inlet of the savings pool is closed, and the connection between the outlet of the long-stem grape fern algae culture pond and the inlet of the shrimp fish culture pond is closed, and the water flowing through the long-stem grape fern culture pond is returned to the clear water storage pool.
  • the water circulation from the clear water storage pond to the long stem grape fern algae culture pond is formed; when the water quality in the clear water storage pool water body meets the water quality standard of the shrimp culture, the water outlet of the clear water storage tank is closed
  • the connection of the water inlet of the long-stem grape fern algae culture pond is the same as that of the water inlet of the clear water storage pool and the inlet of the shrimp fish culture pond.
  • the water in the clear water storage pool is injected into the shrimp fish culture pond, forming a Intermittent recirculating aquaculture.
  • the method of ecological co-cultivation of fish and shrimp mainly includes the following steps:
  • Raw water treatment Introduce seawater, filter seawater through quartz sand, remove organic matter by foam separation method, disinfect with ozone, then disinfect with ultraviolet light, and finally add oxidizing chlorine for disinfection. After disinfection, the residual oxidizing chlorine is removed with sodium thiosulfate; after multi-stage disinfection, the activated carbon is used to adsorb toxic and harmful substances, and finally filtered and aerated with 0.5um precision filter to obtain water temperature of 30 ⁇ 35°C. , the salinity is 32%. ⁇ 35%. , raw water with a pH of 8.2 ⁇ 8.4;
  • connection of the pool inlet is closed, and the filtered water flows directly into the clear water storage tank; the water in the clear water storage tank is pumped into the long-stem grape fern algae culture pond, and the water outlet and clear water of the long-stem grape fern algae culture pond are smashed.
  • the connection of the inlet of the savings pool is closed, and the connection between the outlet of the long-stem grape fern algae culture pond and the inlet of the shrimp fish culture pond is closed, and the water flowing through the long-stem grape fern culture pond is returned to the clear water storage pool.
  • the water circulation from the clear water storage pond to the long stem grape fern algae culture pond is formed; when the water quality in the clear water storage pool water body meets the water quality standard of the shrimp culture, the long stem grape fern algae culture is closed
  • the connection between the water outlet and the water inlet of the clear water storage pond is at the same time.
  • the water supply port of the long stem grape fern algae culture pond and the inlet of the shrimp fish culture pond are connected, and the water in the clear water storage pool is injected into the shrimp fish culture pond. , formed a batch of circulating aquaculture.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)

Abstract

公开了一种长茎葡萄蕨藻与鱼虾生态共养的装置及方法。长茎葡萄蕨藻与鱼虾生态共养的装置包括虾鱼养殖池、长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池、沉淀池、过滤器和清水储蓄池；虾鱼养殖池的出水口与沉淀池的进水口连接；沉淀池的出水口与过滤器的进口连接；过滤器的出口通过三通阀与长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池的进水口和清水储蓄池的进水口分别连接；清水储蓄池的出水口通过三通阀与长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池的进水口和虾鱼养殖池的进水口分别连接；长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池的出水口通过三通阀与清水储蓄池的进水口和虾鱼养殖池的进水口分别连接。长茎葡萄蕨藻与鱼虾生态共养方法实现蕨藻和虾或鱼生态互补共养，达到共同增产增效的目的。

Description

发明名称：长茎葡萄蕨藻与鱼虾生态共养的方法及装置 技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于水产养殖领域， 涉及一种长茎葡萄蕨藻与鱼虾生态共养的方法及装 置。
背景技术
[0002] 虾、 鱼和藻类养殖是我国海水养殖的支柱产业。 在陆基海水虾鱼养殖中， 水体 中过量的氮、 磷富集， 尤其是氨氮和亚硝氮累积常引起虾、 鱼中毒死亡， 是导 致养殖失败的主因， 养殖废水的排放也是海域海水富营养化的主要污染源之一 。 长茎葡萄蕨藻是隶属绿藻门蕨藻科的一种营养丰富的食用绿藻， 具有较高的 经济价值， 该藻具有较强的氮、 磷吸收能力， 且适合陆基养殖。 建立虾藻、 鱼 藻或虾、 鱼和藻生态共养模式， 即可通过长茎葡萄蕨藻吸收鱼虾养殖废水中富 集的氮、 磷， 净化了鱼虾养殖水体水质， 提高了海水资源的利用率， 促进鱼虾 养殖的增产增效。 另一方面， 虾、 鱼养殖废水中富集的氮、 磷又为长茎葡萄蕨 藻的生长提供了充足的营养， 避免了人工营养盐的使用， 降低了长茎葡萄蕨藻 的养殖成本； 从而实现藻、 虾、 鱼养殖生态互补， 具有极高的经济和生态价值 。 目前， 生产中尚无通过长茎葡萄蕨藻净化鱼虾养殖水体水质， 进行藻、 虾、 鱼生态互补养殖的报道和实例。
技术问题
[0003] 本发明提供了一种长茎葡萄蕨藻与鱼虾生态共养的方法及装置， 从而实现蕨藻 和虾或鱼生态互补共养， 达到共同增产增效的目的。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0004] 本发明的技术方案如下：
[0005] 一种长茎葡萄蕨藻与鱼虾生态共养的装置， 其特征在于： 包括虾鱼养殖池、 长 茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池、 沉淀池、 过滤器和清水储蓄池； [0006] 所述的虾鱼养殖池的出水口与沉淀池的进水口连接；
[0007] 所述的沉淀池的出水口与过滤器的进口连接；
[0008] 所述的过滤器的出水口通过三通阀与长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池的进水口和清水储蓄 池的进水口分别连接；
[0009] 所述的清水储蓄池的出水口通过三通阀与长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池的进水口和虾鱼 养殖池的进水口分别连接；
[0010] 所述的长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池的出水口通过三通阀与清水储蓄池的进水口和虾鱼 养殖池的进水口分别连接。
[0011] 以上所述的虾鱼养殖池内设有定向增氧器和微孔增氧器； 所述的定向增氧器排 列安装在虾鱼养殖池的池壁上； 所述的微孔增氧器安装在虾鱼养殖池的底部。
[0012] 以上所述的长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池内设有附着器和填充物， 填充物位于附着器的 下方； 所述的填充物铺设于长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池的池底； 所述的填充物包括贝 壳粉、 珊瑚石、 火山石或其他微量元素缓释性填料。
[0013] 使用吋， 养殖原水注入到虾鱼养殖池中， 虾鱼养殖池里的废水通入到沉淀池中 ， 经过沉淀的水再通过过滤器进行过滤； 打幵过滤器与长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池的 连接幵关， 同吋关闭过滤器与清水储蓄池中的连接幵关， 过滤后的水流入长茎 葡萄蕨藻养殖池内； 打幵长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池与虾鱼养殖池的连接幵关， 流经 长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池的水流入虾鱼养殖池内， 形成了连续式循环水养殖； 关闭 过滤器与长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池的连接幵关， 同吋打幵过滤器与清水储蓄池中的 连接幵关， 过滤后的水直接流入清水储蓄池中， 清水储蓄池内的水根据需要可 以流入虾鱼养殖池或长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池内， 从而形成间歇式循环水养殖。
[0014] 一种利用以上所述的长茎葡萄蕨藻与鱼虾生态共养的装置的长茎葡萄蕨藻与鱼 虾生态共养的方法， 其特征在于： 主要包括以下步骤：
[0015] (1) 养殖原水处理： 引入海水， 将海水通过石英砂过滤， 再通过泡沫分离法 去除有机质， 经过多级消毒后， 再用活性炭吸附有毒有害物质， 最后经过 0.5um 精密过滤器过滤和增氧后得到水温 20~35°C， 盐度为 28%。~35%。， pH值 7.8~8.4的 养殖原水；
[0016] (2) 种植养殖： 将虾或鱼投放于虾鱼养殖池内； 将长茎葡萄蕨藻固定在长茎 葡萄蕨藻养殖池的附着器内；
[0017] (3) 养殖水循环净化处理： 将步骤 （1) 得到的养殖原水注入到虾鱼养殖池中 ； 虾鱼养殖池里的废水通入到沉淀池中， 经过沉淀排出沉积在池底的粪便、 残 饵等养殖废物后， 经过沉淀的水再通过过滤器中进行过滤； 过滤后的水流入长 茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池内； 打幵长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池出水口与虾鱼养殖池进水口的 连接幵关， 流经长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池的水流入虾鱼养殖池内， 形成了连续式循 环水养殖； 关闭过滤器出水口与长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池进水口的连接幵关， 过滤 后的水直接流入清水储蓄池中， 再将清水储蓄池的水抽入到长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖 池内， 打幵长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池出水口与清水储蓄池进水口的连接幵关， 同吋 关闭长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池出水口与虾鱼养殖池进水口的连接幵关， 流经长茎葡 萄蕨藻养殖池的水再回流入清水储蓄池中， 形成从清水储蓄池到长茎葡萄蕨藻 养殖池的水循环； 当清水储蓄池水体中的水质符合虾鱼养殖水质标准吋， 关闭 清水储蓄池出水口与长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池进水口的连接幵关， 同吋打幵清水储 蓄池出水口与虾鱼养殖池进水口的连接幵关， 或者关闭长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池出 水口与清水储蓄池进水口的连接幵关， 同吋打幵长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池出水口与 虾鱼养殖池进水口的连接幵关， 将清水储蓄池中的水注入虾鱼养殖池， 形成了 间歇式循环水养殖。
[0018] 以上步骤 （1) 所述的多级消毒的方法为先用臭氧进行消毒， 然后再用紫外线 进行二次消毒， 最后加入氧化性氯进行消毒， 消毒结束后用硫代硫酸钠去除残 余的氧化性氯.。
[0019] 以上所述的长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池内的附着器的顶部与水面距离保持在 l~20cm 之间； 长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池置于光照强度控制在 3000~8000 1x， 光照周期为不间 断光照 12h后不间断黑暗 12h的环境中培养。
[0020] 本发明具有的优点及有益效果如下：
[0021] 1、 本发明装置是根据长茎葡萄蕨藻和虾、 鱼对养殖环境的不同要求， 针对性 的为不同品种设计单独的养殖单元， 分别为其提供最适养殖环境， 同吋又通过 沉淀池、 过滤器、 清水储蓄池等设施设备将不同的养殖单元有机耦合， 实现蕨 藻和虾或鱼生态互补共养， 共同增产增效。 [0022] 2、 本发明装置可以根据虾或鱼的不同养殖特点进行间歇式和连续式培养， 操 作方便， 可控性强， 具有很好的实用性。
[0023] 3、 本发明方法以鱼、 虾等海水养殖的废水为长茎葡萄蕨藻生长提供营养， 即 可通过长茎葡萄蕨藻吸收养殖废水中富营养的氮磷等， 净化鱼虾养殖用水， 实 现鱼、 虾海水养殖废水的再循环利用， 又可省去长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖中人工营养 盐配置和添加的环节， 节耗增效， 实现虾或鱼、 藻生态互补共养， 节水， 节能 ， 虾或鱼、 藻共同增产增效， 具有较高的生态价值和经济价值。
发明的有益效果
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0024] 图 1为本发明方法的工艺流程图。
本发明的实施方式
[0025] 下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
[0026] 实施例 1 :
[0027] 一种长茎葡萄蕨藻与鱼虾生态共养的装置， 包括虾鱼养殖池、 长茎葡萄蕨藻养 殖池、 沉淀池、 过滤器和清水储蓄池；
[0028] 所述的虾鱼养殖池的出水口与沉淀池的进水口连接； 所述的虾鱼养殖池内设有 定向增氧器和微孔增氧器； 所述的定向增氧器同方向排列安装在虾鱼养殖池的 池壁上； 所述的微孔增氧器安装在虾鱼养殖池的底部中央；
[0029] 所述的沉淀池的出水口与过滤器的进口连接；
[0030] 所述的过滤器的出水口通过三通阀与长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池的进水口和清水储蓄 池的进水口分别连接；
[0031] 所述的清水储蓄池的出水口通过三通阀与长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池的进水口和虾鱼 养殖池的进水口分别连接；
[0032] 所述的长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池的出水口通过三通阀与清水储蓄池的进水口和虾鱼 养殖池的进水口分别连接。 所述的长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池内设有附着器和填充物 ， 填充物位于附着器的下方； 所述的填充物铺设于长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池的池底 ； 所述的填充物包括贝壳粉、 珊瑚石、 火山石或其他微量元素缓释性填料。
[0033] 使用吋， 养殖原水注入到虾鱼养殖池中， 打幵定向增氧器和微孔增氧器进行虾 鱼培育； 虾鱼养殖池里的废水通入到沉淀池中， 经过沉淀的水再通过过滤器进 行过滤； 打幵过滤器与长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池的连接幵关， 同吋关闭过滤器与清 水储蓄池中的连接幵关， 过滤后的水流入长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池内； 打幵长茎葡 萄蕨藻养殖池与虾鱼养殖池的连接幵关， 流经长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池的水流入虾 鱼养殖池内， 形成了连续式循环水养殖； 关闭过滤器与长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池的 连接幵关， 同吋打幵过滤器与清水储蓄池中的连接幵关， 过滤后的水直接流入 清水储蓄池中， 清水储蓄池内的水根据需要可以流入虾鱼养殖池或长茎葡萄蕨 藻养殖池内， 从而形成间歇式循环水养殖。
[0034] 实施例 2:
[0035] 利用如实施例 1所述的长茎葡萄蕨藻与鱼虾生态共养的装置的长茎葡萄蕨藻与 鱼虾生态共养的方法， 主要包括以下步骤：
[0036] ( 1) 养殖原水处理： 引入海水， 将海水通过石英砂过滤， 再通过泡沫分离法 去除有机质， 先用臭氧进行消毒， 然后再用紫外线进行二次消毒， 最后加入氧 化性氯进行消毒， 消毒结束后用硫代硫酸钠去除残余的氧化性氯； 经过多级消 毒处理后， 再用活性炭吸附有毒有害物质， 最后经过 0.5um精密过滤器过滤和增 氧后得到水温 20~25°C， 盐度为 28%。~32%。， pH值 7.8~8.0的养殖原水；
[0037] (2) 种植养殖： 将虾或鱼投放于虾鱼养殖池内； 将长茎葡萄蕨藻固定在长茎 葡萄蕨藻养殖池的附着器内； 所述的长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池内的附着器的顶部与 水面距离保持在 2~8cm之间； 长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池置于光照强度控制在 3000~500 0 lx， 光照周期为不间断光照 12h后不间断黑暗 12h的环境中培养；
[0038] (3) 养殖水循环净化处理： 将步骤 （1) 得到的养殖原水注入到虾鱼养殖池中 ； 虾鱼养殖池里的废水通入到沉淀池中， 经过沉淀排出沉积在池底的粪便、 残 饵等养殖废物后， 经过沉淀的水再通过过滤器中进行过滤； 打幵过滤器出水口 与长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池进水口的连接幵关， 同吋关闭过滤器出水口与清水储蓄 池进水口的连接幵关， 过滤后的水流入长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池内； 打幵长茎葡萄 蕨藻养殖池的出水口与虾鱼养殖池的进水口的连接幵关， 流经长茎葡萄蕨藻养 殖池的水流入虾鱼养殖池内， 形成了连续式循环水养殖。
[0039] 实施例 3:
[0040] 利用如实施例 1所述的长茎葡萄蕨藻与鱼虾生态共养的装置的长茎葡萄蕨藻与 鱼虾生态共养的方法， 主要包括以下步骤：
[0041] ( 1) 养殖原水处理： 引入海水， 将海水通过石英砂过滤， 再通过泡沫分离法 去除有机质， 先用臭氧进行消毒， 然后再用紫外线进行二次消毒， 最后加入氧 化性氯进行消毒， 消毒结束后用硫代硫酸钠去除残余的氧化性氯； 经过多级消 毒处理后， 再用活性炭吸附有毒有害物质， 最后经过 0.5um精密过滤器过滤和增 氧后得到水温 25~30°C， 盐度为 30%。~32%。， pH值 8.0~8.2的养殖原水；
[0042] (2) 种植养殖： 将虾或鱼投放于虾鱼养殖池内； 将长茎葡萄蕨藻固定在长茎 葡萄蕨藻养殖池的附着器内； 所述的长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池内的附着器的顶部与 水面距离保持在 8~15cm之间； 长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池置于光照强度控制在 5000 60 00 lx， 光照周期为不间断光照 12h后不间断黑暗 12h的环境中培养；
[0043] (3) 养殖水循环净化处理： 将步骤 （1) 得到的养殖原水注入到虾鱼养殖池中 ； 虾鱼养殖池里的废水通入到沉淀池中， 经过沉淀排出沉积在池底的粪便、 残 饵等养殖废物后， 经过沉淀的水再通过过滤器中进行过滤； 关闭过滤器出水口 与长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池进水口的连接幵关， 打幵过滤器出水口与清水储蓄池进 水口的连接幵关， 过滤后的水直接流入清水储蓄池中； 再将清水储蓄池的水抽 入到长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池内， 打幵长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池出水口与清水储蓄池进 水口的连接幵关， 同吋关闭长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池出水口与虾鱼养殖池进水口的 连接幵关， 流经长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池的水再回流入清水储蓄池中， 形成从清水 储蓄池到长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池的水循环； 当清水储蓄池水体中的水质符合虾鱼 养殖水质标准吋， 关闭清水储蓄池出水口与长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池进水口的连接 幵关， 同吋打幵清水储蓄池出水口与虾鱼养殖池进水口的连接幵关， 将清水储 蓄池中的水注入虾鱼养殖池， 形成了间歇式循环水养殖。
[0044] 实施例 4:
[0045] 利用如实施例 1所述的长茎葡萄蕨藻与鱼虾生态共养的装置的长茎葡萄蕨藻与 鱼虾生态共养的方法， 主要包括以下步骤：
[0046] ( 1) 养殖原水处理： 引入海水， 将海水通过石英砂过滤， 再通过泡沫分离法 去除有机质， 先用臭氧进行消毒， 然后再用紫外线进行二次消毒， 最后加入氧 化性氯进行消毒， 消毒结束后用硫代硫酸钠去除残余的氧化性氯； 经过多级消 毒处理后， 再用活性炭吸附有毒有害物质， 最后经过 0.5um精密过滤器过滤和增 氧后得到水温 30~35°C， 盐度为 32%。~35%。， pH值 8.2~8.4的养殖原水；
[0047] (2) 种植养殖： 将虾或鱼投放于虾鱼养殖池内； 将长茎葡萄蕨藻固定在长茎 葡萄蕨藻养殖池的附着器内； 所述的长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池内的附着器的顶部与 水面距离保持在 15~20cm之间； 长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池置于光照强度控制在 6000~8 000 lx， 光照周期为不间断光照 12h后不间断黑暗 12h的环境中培养；
[0048] (3) 养殖水循环净化处理： 将步骤 （1) 得到的养殖原水注入到虾鱼养殖池中 ； 虾鱼养殖池里的废水通入到沉淀池中， 经过沉淀排出沉积在池底的粪便、 残 饵等养殖废物后， 经过沉淀的水再通过过滤器中进行过滤； 关闭过滤器出水口 与长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池进水口的连接幵关， 打幵过滤器出水口与清水储蓄池进 水口的连接幵关， 过滤后的水直接流入清水储蓄池中； 再将清水储蓄池的水抽 入到长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池内， 打幵长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池出水口与清水储蓄池进 水口的连接幵关， 同吋关闭长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池出水口与虾鱼养殖池进水口的 连接幵关， 流经长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池的水再回流入清水储蓄池中， 形成从清水 储蓄池到长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池的水循环； 当清水储蓄池水体中的水质符合虾鱼 养殖水质标准吋， 关闭长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池出水口与清水储蓄池进水口的连接 幵关， 同吋打幵长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池出水口与虾鱼养殖池进水口的连接幵关， 将清水储蓄池中的水注入虾鱼养殖池， 形成了间歇式循环水养殖。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种长茎葡萄蕨藻与鱼虾生态共养的装置， 其特征在于： 包括虾鱼养 殖池、 长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池、 沉淀池、 过滤器和清水储蓄池； 所述的虾鱼养殖池的出水口与沉淀池的进水口连接；
所述的沉淀池的出水口与过滤器的进口连接；
所述的过滤器的出水口通过三通阀与长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池的进水口和 清水储蓄池的进水口分别连接；
所述的清水储蓄池的出水口通过三通阀与长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池的进水 口和虾鱼养殖池的进水口分别连接；
所述的长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池的出水口通过三通阀与清水储蓄池的进水 口和虾鱼养殖池的进水口分别连接。
[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 1所述的长茎葡萄蕨藻与鱼虾生态共养的装置， 其特征 在于： 所述的虾鱼养殖池内设有定向增氧器和微孔增氧器； 所述的定 向增氧器排列安装在虾鱼养殖池的池壁上； 所述的微孔增氧器安装在 虾鱼养殖池的底部。
[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 1所述的长茎葡萄蕨藻与鱼虾生态共养的装置， 其特征 在于： 所述的长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池内设有附着器和填充物， 填充物位 于附着器的下方； 所述的填充物铺设于长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池的池底； 所述的填充物包括贝壳粉、 珊瑚石、 火山石或其他微量元素缓释性填 料。
[权利要求 4] 一种利用以上任一所述的长茎葡萄蕨藻与鱼虾生态共养的装置的长茎 葡萄蕨藻与鱼虾生态共养的方法， 其特征在于： 主要包括以下步骤：
(1) 养殖原水处理： 引入海水， 将海水通过石英砂过滤， 再通过泡 沫分离法去除有机质， 经过多级消毒后， 再用活性炭吸附有毒有害物 质， 最后经过 0.5um精密过滤器过滤和增氧后得到水温 20~35°C， 盐度 为 28%。~35%。， pH值 7.8~8.4的养殖原水；
(2) 种植养殖： 将虾或鱼投放于虾鱼养殖池内； 将长茎葡萄蕨藻固 定在长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池的附着器内； (3) 养殖水循环净化处理： 将步骤 （1) 得到的养殖原水注入到虾鱼 养殖池中； 虾鱼养殖池里的废水通入到沉淀池中， 经过沉淀排出沉积 在池底的粪便、 残饵等养殖废物后， 经过沉淀的水再通过过滤器中进 行过滤； 过滤后的水流入长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池内； 打幵长茎葡萄蕨藻 养殖池出水口与虾鱼养殖池进水口的连接幵关， 流经长茎葡萄蕨藻养 殖池的水流入虾鱼养殖池内， 形成了连续式循环水养殖； 关闭过滤器 出水口与长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池进水口的连接幵关， 过滤后的水直接流 入清水储蓄池中， 再将清水储蓄池的水抽入到长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池内 ， 打幵长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池出水口与清水储蓄池进水口的连接幵关， 同吋关闭长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池出水口与虾鱼养殖池进水口的连接幵关 ， 流经长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池的水再回流入清水储蓄池中， 形成从清水 储蓄池到长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池的水循环； 当清水储蓄池水体中的水质 符合虾鱼养殖水质标准吋， 关闭清水储蓄池出水口与长茎葡萄蕨藻养 殖池进水口的连接幵关， 同吋打幵清水储蓄池出水口与虾鱼养殖池进 水口的连接幵关， 或者关闭长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池出水口与清水储蓄池 进水口的连接幵关， 同吋打幵长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池出水口与虾鱼养殖 池进水口的连接幵关， 将清水储蓄池中的水注入虾鱼养殖池， 形成了 间歇式循环水养殖。
[权利要求 5] 根据权利要求 5所述的长茎葡萄蕨藻与鱼虾生态共养的方法， 其特征 在于： 步骤 （1) 所述的多级消毒的方法为先用臭氧进行消毒， 然后 再用紫外线进行二次消毒， 最后加入氧化性氯进行消毒， 消毒结束后 用硫代硫酸钠去除残余的氧化性氯.。
[权利要求 6] 根据权利要求 5所述的一种长茎葡萄蕨藻与鱼虾生态共养的方法， 其 特征在于： 所述的长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池内的附着器的顶部与水面距离 保持在 l~20cm之间； 长茎葡萄蕨藻养殖池置于光照强度控制在 3000~ 8000 lx, 光照周期为不间断光照 12h后不间断黑暗 12h的环境中培养。
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