WO2014190571A1 - 一种结合水产养殖及无土农业种植的系统 - Google Patents

一种结合水产养殖及无土农业种植的系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014190571A1
WO2014190571A1 PCT/CN2013/077576 CN2013077576W WO2014190571A1 WO 2014190571 A1 WO2014190571 A1 WO 2014190571A1 CN 2013077576 W CN2013077576 W CN 2013077576W WO 2014190571 A1 WO2014190571 A1 WO 2014190571A1
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Prior art keywords
aquaculture
water
unit
planting
soilless
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PCT/CN2013/077576
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张振家
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上海交通大学
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Publication of WO2014190571A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014190571A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/008—Control or steering systems not provided for elsewhere in subclass C02F
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
    • C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/74—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/78—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with ozone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C02F2101/166—Nitrites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/001—Upstream control, i.e. monitoring for predictive control
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/02—Temperature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/22—O2
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/24—CO2
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/40—Liquid flow rate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/04—Disinfection
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/60—Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the fields of aquaculture and agricultural technology, and in particular relates to a system combining aquaculture and soilless agricultural planting. Background technique
  • Prior art factory aquaculture or factory farming is a singular plant that can only produce aquaculture products or agricultural products.
  • the research and development of this technology is carried out by recycling the fecal solids and dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus substances produced in the aquaculture process through the water circulation by the roots of the plants, as fertilizers, and harvesting the crops for recycling and cultivation.
  • Chinese Patent No. 90100155 discloses a fish (shrimp) vegetable symbiosis system for raising fish, water surface and space three-dimensional soilless vegetables through water.
  • the implementation details of the system structure of the patent are relatively rough, especially in the middle of the culture pond.
  • Chinese Patent No. 99110087 discloses an aquatic plant and animal ecological cycle breeding system in which duckweed plants are planted in aquatic plant troughs and circulated with water in aquatic animal troughs.
  • the implementation details of the system structure of the patent are relatively rough, and the wastewater is It is not separated from waste residue and is limited to planting aquatic plants. There are also obvious defects in water quality control technology.
  • Chinese Patent No. 200810204130 discloses a photocatalytic-plant synergistic water purification method for fish water bodies, which is designed to discharge solid impurities from cultured tanks, treated with titanium dioxide-containing photocatalytic materials, and then It is used to cultivate plants, but its efficiency is not high. It is mainly used for low-concentration water treatment of municipal landscapes, rather than large-scale farming/planting, and the use of titanium dioxide-containing photocatalytic materials for large-scale breeding/planting industry promotion. It is too expensive.
  • Chinese Patent No. 200880123138 discloses a vegetable and fish symbiosis device, which includes the use of a condensing tube to collect the transpiration of the plant in addition to the conventional culture and culture unit, which is substantially inefficient and even has a meaning of ruining. .
  • Chinese Patent No. 200910037806 discloses an apparatus and an implementation method for efficiently recycling aquaculture, including a plant cultivation floating bed, a microbial culture intermediate layer, and a bottom layer resonance plate.
  • the plant cultivation amount in the patent is limited by the floating of the plant cultivation floating bed.
  • the water body area and the cultivation efficiency of its device structure are not high.
  • Chinese Patent No. 201010103123 discloses a method for removing organic particles and nutrients in closed-loop aquaculture water, mainly using non-mainstream agricultural plants such as algae or ryegrass, and the corresponding structure is only suitable for aquaculture water circulation of 10 The situation is around.
  • Chinese Patent No. 201010138335 discloses a double-layered fish-and-symbiotic symbiotic industrial recirculating aquaculture system, in which all the water produced by the culture is passed through a biofilter into a water culture device of a water-loving plant, and then the water quality is adjusted, and then the culture pond is recirculated.
  • the method of purifying water by plants is not efficient and cannot be suitable for high density and large scale production.
  • Chinese Patent No. 201120090260 discloses a zero-emission fish and vegetable alternate circulation device, which adopts a relatively common device structure and lacks details of implementation.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the above drawbacks of the prior art, fully strengthen the important functions of water treatment, make full use of space and resources, and provide a combination of aquaculture and soilless agricultural cultivation.
  • the technology together.
  • a system combining aquaculture and soilless agricultural planting comprising an aquaculture unit, a soilless planting unit and a water treatment unit, wherein the above units are connected by a water flow pipe.
  • the aquaculture unit comprises an aquaculture pond and an aeration device and a water temperature controller connected to the pool, and the aquaculture unit can breed all aquatic products that can be cultured in the existing aquaculture industry.
  • the soilless planting unit comprises a soilless planting room and a plant nutrition controller and a planting room carbon dioxide concentration controller connected to the bed room, and the soilless planting unit can plant all plants capable of soilless cultivation including rice. .
  • the water treatment unit includes a nitrogen treatment device, an ultrafiltration membrane filtration device, and a disinfection device that are sequentially connected.
  • the aquaculture unit, the soilless planting unit and the water treatment unit are arranged on the flat ground to form a circulation through the flowing water connection in the water flow pipe.
  • the aquaculture unit, the soilless planting unit and the water treatment unit are longitudinally arranged and form a height difference, and can be implemented in a building, and the circulation is formed by the flow connection in the water flow pipe.
  • the water depth in the aquaculture pond is no different from that of similar aquaculture ponds.
  • the aeration device controls the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the aquaculture pond to be 8-12 mg/L or more, and the water temperature controller can perform temperature control according to the species to be cultured, and is suitable for different aquaculture species.
  • the difference between the soil planting unit and the similar soilless planting solar greenhouse is that it increases the adjustment of the carbon dioxide concentration in the indoor control.
  • the nitrogen treatment device processes a treatment device for ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and total nitrogen.
  • the water treatment unit adopts immobilized biotechnology, membrane treatment technology and ultraviolet excitation air to generate ozone, and performs ultraviolet irradiation and ozone oxidation disinfection on the water flowing through the water flow process.
  • aquatic products such as fish and shrimp can be produced at high yields all year round, and plants in the soilless planting room can also be planted and harvested year round under suitable warm water circulation.
  • the optimal conditions are adjusted by the plant nutrition controller and the planting indoor carbon dioxide concentration controller, so that the plants planted are not only high-yield but also the most abundant.
  • the planting room uses sunlight and artificial light to provide conditions for plant photosynthesis.
  • Aquaculture pond The fecal particulate matter contained in the effluent water is filtered by the plant roots in the plant growing bed and taken up as a fertilizer for absorption and utilization.
  • Dissolved organic matter, inorganic ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, and total nitrogen in the water flowing out of the soilless planting room are harmful to aquatic organisms (fish, shrimp, etc.) by subsequent ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, and total nitrogen.
  • the device and the ultrafiltration membrane filtration device and the sterilization device are removed, and the water flow is recycled to the aquaculture pond.
  • a pressure pump is provided on the water flow pipe to control the flow direction and flow rate of the water flow.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the present invention saves water and energy consumption, basically does not discharge sewage and consumes water, and the heat energy is fully utilized. Therefore, the present invention is suitable for implementation anywhere, and is not limited by geographical location and geographical conditions, and can be built at any place to provide local fresh aquatic products and vegetables and fruits.
  • the implementation facility of the present invention serves as an urban tourism agricultural charity to enhance the public's awareness and closeness to ecological agriculture. Breaking through the tradition, creating an urbanized combination of aquatic products and agriculture, so that the production of ingredients is really in the factory, no longer rely on the traditional land production model.
  • the present invention can be implemented in an area unsuitable for agriculture and aquaculture, and can solve the problem of non-staple food and even food production/supply in the region. It has a promoting effect on solving the food and population problems in poor climate, low land and poor areas in western China. If applied to areas with harsh climates, food needs and population problems, such as Africa, it can be more effective.
  • the present invention can combine the production place and the consumption place of aquatic products with fresh vegetables, reduce transportation cost/reduction of carbon emissions, and at the same time, can ensure food safety and food quality better by adopting a factory production mode.
  • non-food materials non-staple food
  • traditional meat porosity, pork, chicken, beef, etc.
  • the development of aquatic products to change the structure of traditional meat protein ingredients and increase the yield and variety of aquatic meat protein ingredients can not only alleviate or even solve the current problems, but also provide technical support for food safety.
  • the planting of the present invention adopts soilless planting, and thus has nothing to do with the soil quality of the local land. Production can be increased manually by any means.
  • the invention is characterized in that the water temperature of the culture pond is artificially controlled to ensure that the water temperature is suitable for the requirements of different culture types, and at the same time, the water of the organic solid particles having the cultured feces is recycled to the soilless planting bed, and the plant roots are utilized. Filtering and removing it to remove it and make it a fertilizer for plants; The decomposing organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and total nitrogen are removed by a water treatment system, and finally the water is recycled back to the culture pond. In the process, the warm water is always controlled.
  • the suitable water temperature not only satisfies the requirements of aquaculture, but also makes soilless planting can be carried out all the year round, and the soilless planting bed is set in a closed sun room, which can be beneficially adjusted manually.
  • Its internal carbon dioxide concentration prevents water evaporation and temperature loss, and has the advantages of water saving, energy saving, and planting without being affected by geographical environment and seasons.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
  • 1 is the aquaculture unit
  • 11 is the aquaculture tank
  • 12 is the aeration device
  • 13 is the water temperature controller
  • 2 is the soilless planting unit
  • 21 is the soilless planting room
  • 22 is the plant nutrition controller
  • 23 It is a planting room carbon dioxide concentration controller
  • 3 is a water treatment unit
  • 31 is a nitrogen treatment device
  • 32 is an ultrafiltration membrane filtration device
  • 33 is a disinfection device
  • 4 is a flow water pipeline.
  • a system combining aquaculture and soilless agricultural planting comprising an aquaculture unit 1, a soilless planting unit 2 and a water treatment unit 3, wherein the above units are connected by a water flow pipe 4.
  • the aquaculture unit 1 comprises an aquaculture pond 11 and an aeration unit 12 connected to the tank and a water temperature controller 13.
  • the aquaculture unit 1 can breed all aquatic products that can be cultured in the existing aquaculture industry.
  • the soilless planting unit 2 includes a soilless planting room 21 and a plant nutrition controller 22 connected to the bed room and a planting room carbon dioxide concentration controller 23, and the soilless planting unit 2 can plant all soilless cultivation including rice. plant.
  • the water treatment unit 3 is the most important unit of the present invention, and includes a nitrogen treatment device 31, an ultrafiltration membrane filtration device 32 and a disinfection device 33 which are sequentially connected, and the nitrogen treatment device 31 is for treating ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and total nitrogen. Processing device.
  • the dissolved oxygen concentration and temperature in the aquaculture pond 11 can be controlled to be above 8-12 mg/L and the optimum range by the aeration device 12 and the water temperature controller 13, so that aquatic products such as fish and shrimp can be used all year round. High yields are obtained, and plants in the soilless planting room 21 can also be planted and harvested all year round. According to the plant species to be planted, through the plant nutrition controller 22 and planting room carbon dioxide concentration control The controller 23 adjusts the optimum conditions so that the plant to be planted is not only high-yield but also the most abundant in application.
  • the planting room uses sunlight and artificial light to provide conditions for plant photosynthesis.
  • the fecal particulate matter contained in the effluent from the aquaculture pond is filtered by the plant roots in the planting bed and taken up as a fertilizer for absorption and utilization.
  • Substances that are harmful to aquatic organisms (fish, shrimp, etc.) such as dissolved organic matter, inorganic ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, and total nitrogen in the water flowing out of the soilless planting room are subjected to subsequent nitrogen treatment devices 31 and ultrafiltration membranes.
  • the filtering device 32 and the sterilizing device 33 are removed, and the water flow is recycled to the aquaculture pond 11.
  • a pressure pump is provided on the water flow conduit 4 to control the flow direction and flow rate of the water flow.
  • the present invention can be arranged on a flat ground to form a circulation through a flow connection in a water flow conduit or in a longitudinal direction and to form a height difference, which is formed by a flow connection in the water flow conduit.
  • the invention can be implemented on a flat surface.
  • the present invention is arranged in three functional units, and the aquaculture unit 1, the soilless planting unit 2, and the water treatment unit 3 can be flexibly arranged to facilitate mutual connection.
  • the working conditions of aquaculture unit 1, soilless planting unit 2 and water treatment unit 3 are different.
  • Aquaculture unit 1, soilless planting unit 2 belongs to the production workshop, and needs to be designed and managed according to their respective requirements and characteristics, to meet food production. Hygienic conditions and different epidemic prevention requirements for organisms and plants.
  • the water treatment unit 3 is a production support workshop to ensure reliable and stable operation.
  • the logistics and people flow of each district are both independent and organic.
  • the invention can be implemented in a building building. According to the number of layers and the area of the building that can be used, the present invention is arranged on three floors according to three functional units, the aquaculture unit 1 can be arranged on the second floor or above, and the soilless planting unit 2 is preferably arranged in the sun room added to the roof.
  • the water treatment unit 3 can be arranged on the first floor. The units are connected and isolated from each other through the floors, and the vertical elevators carry out logistics and pedestrian traffic.
  • the first floor can also be used as a site for product processing, packaging, and raw material storage. In the above implementation process, the water flow is in a closed environment, and there is basically no waste water discharge and consumption, and the heat in the water is also fully utilized.
  • the water treatment unit 3 plays a key role in maintaining water quality stability.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Hydroponics (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种结合水产养殖及无土农业种植的系统，包括水产养殖单元、无土种植单元及水处理单元，上述各单元经水流管道连接，水产养殖单元包括水产养殖水池以及与水池连接的增氧装置和水温控制器；无土种植单元包括无土种植床室以及与床室连接的植物营养控制器及种植室二氧化碳浓度控制器，水处理单元包括依次连接的氮类处理装置、超滤膜过滤装置及消毒装置。与现有技术相比，本发明克服了现有技术在水质处理技术上和没有种植室控制二氧化碳浓度方面的缺陷，使养殖和种植的密度大幅度提高，空间、能量等资源得到最大化利用。本发明的实施不受地理位置、气候、土地贫瘠与否的限制，可以在任何地方实施。

Description

一种结合水产养殖及无土农业种植的系统
技术领域
本发明属于水产业与农业技术领域， 尤其是涉及一种结合水产养殖及无土 农业种植的系统。 背景技术
传统的水产业与农业分属于不同的领域。水产业的生产场地为水面，池塘、 水库、 湖泊、 河流、 海洋是其主要的生产场地； 农业的生产场地为土地， 水田、 旱田、 是其主要的生产场地。 这两种产业有一个共同点， 那就是都需要水， 水 是这两种产业的血液， 支配者这两种产业的命脉。 目前， 虽然发展出了工厂化 的水产业和农业， 但是引进水处理高新技术， 通过人工强化维持水质的方式， 将两者结合成一个相互融合的系统的技术尚没有出现。
现有技术的工厂化水产养殖或者工厂化的农业种植是一种单一化的工厂， 他只能生产水产养殖产品或者农业种植产品。 将水产养殖过程中产生的粪便类 固体及溶解性氮、 磷等物质， 通过水循环被植物的根系截留、 作为肥料吸收， 使农作物得到收获， 以此来进行循环种植和养殖，该技术的研发工作起歩较早。 例如， 中国专利 90100155号公开了鱼（虾）菜共生系统， 通过水中养鱼、 水面 和空间立体无土栽培蔬菜， 然而该专利的系统结构的实施细节比较粗略， 尤其 是"养殖水池中间有鱼粪收集井，收集井内的鱼粪及污水由污水泵抽吸向上浇入 最上层的栽培槽"， 导致养殖产生的废水和废渣不分离。存在着明显的水质控制 技术上的缺陷， 难以实用化。
中国专利 99110087号公开了水生植物及动物生态循环养殖系统，在水生植 物槽中种植浮萍类植物， 与水生动物槽中的水进行循环， 然而该专利的系统结 构的实施细节比较粗略， 而且废水和废渣不分离， 限于种植水生植物。 也同样 存在着明显的水质控制技术上的缺陷。
中国专利 200810204130号公开了养鱼水体的光催化- 植物协同净水方法， 设计了过滤槽排放养殖的固体杂质， 利用含二氧化钛光催化材料处理， 然后再 用于培养植物， 然而其效率不高， 主要用于市政景观的低浓度水质处理， 而非 大规模的养殖 /种植业，而且其中使用的含二氧化钛光催化材料对于大规模的养 殖 /种植业推广来说， 也过于昂贵。
中国专利 200880123138号公开了蔬菜和鱼类共生设备，其中除了较常规的 养殖和培养单元之外， 还包括冷凝管的使用来收集植物蒸腾的水分， 这实质上 效率不高， 甚至有舍本逐末的意味。
中国专利 200910037806 号公开了可高效循环利用水产养殖的装置和实现 方法， 包括植物栽培浮床、 微生物培养中间层以及底层共振板， 然而该专利中 的植物栽培量受限于植物栽培浮床所能漂浮的水体面积， 其装置结构的养殖效 率也不高。
中国专利 201010103123 号公开了闭合循环养殖水体中有机颗粒和营养盐 的去除方法， 主要利用藻类或黑麦草等经济性不佳的非主流农业植物， 而且相 应结构也只适合养殖水日循环量在 10倍左右的情况。
中国专利 201010138335号公开了双层鱼菜共生型工厂化循环水养殖系统， 其中所有养殖产生的水均通过生物滤器进入喜水植物水培养装置， 然后进行水 质调配， 再回流养殖池， 这种单靠植物净化水质的方法的效率不佳， 不能适合 于高密度和大规模生产。
中国专利 201120090260号公开了零排放鱼菜互生循环装置，采用了较为普 通的装置结构， 而且缺乏实施的细节。
尽管有如此之多的技术， 但是这类设备始终未能在我国推广使用。 究其原 因， 本发明人长期研究发现主要有两条， 首先是缺乏实施细节， 例如收集、 排 污等设备一笔带过， 而现实中如果没有完善设计， 或者排污不充分导致水质劣 化， 或者排出过多水量而需要补充， 失去循环的本意； 其次， 无法有效平衡微 生物和植物对水体的不同净化作用； 再次， 也是更重要的， 生产效率不高， 投 入 /产出比过高， 失去了产业化推广的利润来源。 发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术的缺陷， 充分强化水处理的重要 功能， 充分利用空间和资源， 提供一种了可以将水产养殖与无土农业种植结合 在一起的技术。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现：
一种结合水产养殖及无土农业种植的系统， 包括水产养殖单元、 无土种植 单元及水处理单元， 上述各单元经水流管道连接，
所述的水产养殖单元包括水产养殖水池以及与水池连接的增氧装置和水温 控制器， 水产养殖单元可以养殖所有现有养殖业可以养殖的水产品。
所述的无土种植单元包括无土种植床室以及与床室连接的植物营养控制器 及种植室二氧化碳浓度控制器， 无土种植单元可以种植包括水稻在内的所有可 以进行无土栽培的植物。
所述的水处理单元包括依次连接的氮类处理装置、 超滤膜过滤装置及消毒 装置。
所述的水产养殖单元、 无土种植单元及水处理单元设置在平地上经水流管 道中的流水连接形成循环。
所述的水产养殖单元、 无土种植单元及水处理单元呈纵向设置并形成高度 差， 可以在一座楼房里实施， 经水流管道中的流水连接形成循环。
所述的水产养殖水池中的水深与同类水产养殖池没有区别。
所述的增氧装置控制水产养殖水池中溶解氧的浓度为 8-12mg/L以上，所述 的水温控制器可以根据所养殖的种类进行温度控制， 适合于不同的水产养殖种 所述的无土种植单元与同类的无土栽培种植阳光温室相比， 其区别是增加 了室内控制中二氧化碳浓度的调节。
所述的氮类处理装置处理氨氮、 亚硝酸氮及总氮的处理装置。
所述的水处理单元采用固定化生物技术、 膜处理技术和紫外激发空气生成 臭氧， 对水流流程流过的水体进行紫外照射与臭氧氧化消毒处理。
通过控制水产养殖水池中的温度和溶解氧的浓度， 使鱼、 虾等水产品可以 一年四季得到高产， 同时无土种植床室内的植物也可以适宜的温水循环下常年 种植和收获。 根据所种植的植物种类不同， 通过植物营养控制器和种植室内二 氧化碳浓度控制器调节最佳的条件， 使所种植的植物不仅高产而且应用达到最 丰富。 种植床室利用阳光和人工光来为植物的光合作用提供条件。 水产养殖池 流出水中所含有的粪便类颗粒物在植物种植床中被植物根系所过滤截留并作为 肥料加以吸收利用。从无土种植床室流出的水中的溶解性有机物、无机性氨氮、 亚硝酸氮以及总氮等对水生生物 （鱼、 虾等） 产生危害的物质被后续的氨氮、 亚硝酸氮、 总氮处理装置和超滤膜过滤装置以及消毒装置除去， 水流再循环到 水产养殖池。
水流管道上设置压力泵控制水流的流向和流速。
与现有技术相比， 本发明具有以下优点：
( 1 )本发明节约水和能源消耗， 基本不排放污水和消耗水， 而且热能得到 充分利用。 因此， 本发明适合于任何地方实施， 不受地理位置和地理条件限制， 在任何地方都可以建厂生产， 为当地提供常年鲜活的水产品和蔬菜瓜果。
(2 )本发明的实施设施作为城市观光农业施舍，增进市民对生态农业的认 识和亲近感。 突破传统， 创造出城镇化的水产及农业结合模式， 使食材生产真 正歩入工厂化， 不再依赖传统土地的生产模式。
( 3 )本发明可以在不适合农业和水产业的地区实施，可以解决该地区的副 食甚至粮食生产 /供应问题。对于解决我国西部等气候差、土地少且贫瘠地区的 粮食与人口问题有促进效果。 如果应用于非洲等气候恶劣、 粮食需求与人口问 题突出的地区， 则可以有更大效果。
(4 )本发明可以使水产品与新鲜蔬菜的生产地与消费地结合在一起，减少 运输成本 /减少碳排放， 同时由于采用了工厂化生产模式， 可以更好地保证食品 安全和食品质量。 在当今非粮食材 （副食） 比例逐渐占到全部食物一半以上， 并且传统肉类 （猪肉、 鸡肉、 牛肉、 等） 的产量难以再提高， 而且食品安全风 问题险频发的时代，采用新的技术发展水产品来改变传统肉类蛋白食材的结构， 增加水产肉类蛋白食材的产量和种类， 不仅可以缓解甚至解决目前的问题， 更 是可以为保障食品安全提供技术保障。
( 5 )本发明的种植采用无土种植， 因此与当地的土地土质无关。在任何地 方都可以通过人工来提高产量。
总之， 本发明的特点， 是对养殖池的水温进行人为控制， 保证水温适合于 不同养殖种类的要求， 并同时把还有养殖粪便的有机固体颗粒的水循环到无土 种植床， 利用植物根系的过滤截留作用将其去除， 并使其成为植物的肥料； 溶 解性的有机物、 氨氮、 亚硝酸氮和总氮再经过水处理系统加以去除， 最后再使 水流循环回到养殖池。 在此过程中始终对温水进行了控制， 适宜的水温不仅满 足了水产养殖的要求， 也使无土种植可以常年进行， 并且无土种植床设在密闭 的阳光房内， 它既可以有利人工调节其内部的二氧化碳浓度， 又可以防止水分 蒸发和温度散失， 具有节水、 节能， 种植不受地理环境和季节影响的优势。 附图说明
图 1为本发明的结构示意图。
图中， 1为水产养殖单元、 11为水产养殖水池、 12为增氧装置、 13为水温 控制器、 2 为无土种植单元、 21 为无土种植床室、 22 为植物营养控制器、 23 为种植室二氧化碳浓度控制器、 3为水处理单元、 31为氮类处理装置、 32为超 滤膜过滤装置、 33为消毒装置、 4为流水管道。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例
一种结合水产养殖及无土农业种植的系统， 其结构如图 1所示， 包括水产 养殖单元 1、 无土种植单元 2及水处理单元 3， 上述各单元经水流管道 4连接。 水产养殖单元 1包括水产养殖水池 11以及与水池连接的增氧装置 12和水温控 制器 13， 水产养殖单元 1可以养殖所有现有养殖业可以养殖的水产品。 无土种 植单元 2包括无土种植床室 21以及与床室连接的植物营养控制器 22及种植室 二氧化碳浓度控制器 23，无土种植单元 2可以种植包括水稻在内的所有可以进 行无土栽培的植物。 水处理单元 3是本发明的最重要单元， 它包括依次连接的 氮类处理装置 31、超滤膜过滤装置 32及消毒装置 33，氮类处理装置 31为处理 氨氮、 亚硝酸氮及总氮的处理装置。
通过增氧装置 12和水温控制器 13可以把水产养殖水池 11中的溶解氧浓度 和温度分别控制在 8-12mg/L以上和最适宜的范围内，这样鱼、虾等水产品可以 一年四季得到高产， 同时无土种植床室 21内的植物也可以常年种植和收获。根 据所种植的植物种类不同，通过植物营养控制器 22和种植室内二氧化碳浓度控 制器 23调节最佳的条件，使所种植的植物不仅高产而且应用达到最丰富。种植 床室利用阳光和人工光来为植物的光合作用提供条件。 水产养殖池流出水中所 含有的粪便类颗粒物在植物种植床中被植物根系所过滤截留并作为肥料加以吸 收利用。 从无土种植床室流出的水中的溶解性有机物、 无机性氨氮、 亚硝酸氮 以及总氮等对水生生物（鱼、 虾等）产生危害的物质被后续的氮类处理装置 31 和超滤膜过滤装置 32 以及消毒装置 33 除去， 水流再循环到水产养殖水池 11 中。 水流管道 4上设置压力泵控制水流的流向和流速。
本发明可以设置在平地上经水流管道中的流水连接形成循环或者是呈纵向 设置并形成高度差， 经水流管道中的流水连接形成循环。
在平地上的实施方法
如果不受土地面积限制， 本发明可以在平地上实施。 根据可以使用的平地 面积及形状， 将本发明按三个功能单元分区布置， 水产养殖单元 1、 无土种植 单元 2及水处理单元 3可以灵活布置， 以利于相互衔接。 水产养殖单元 1、 无 土种植单元 2及水处理单元 3的工作条件不同， 水产养殖单元 1、 无土种植单 元 2属于生产车间， 需要根据各自的要求和特点进行设计和管理， 要满足食品 生产的卫生条件和生物、植物的不同防疫要求。水处理单元 3为生产保障车间， 要保证可靠、稳定的运行。各个分区的物流及人流既有独立性又有有机衔接性。
在楼房中的实施方法
如果土地面积受限制， 本发明可以在一座楼房建筑物内实施。 根据可以使 用的楼房的层数以及面积， 将本发明按三个功能单元分楼层布置， 水产养殖单 元 1可以布置在二楼以上， 无土种植单元 2最好布置在楼顶增加的阳光室内， 水处理单元 3可以布置在一楼。 各个单元通过楼层相互联系和隔离， 通过竖向 电梯进行物流和人流交通。一楼还可以作为产品加工、包装， 原料储存的场地。 在上述实施过程中， 水流处在一个密闭的环境里， 基本无废水排放和消耗， 水 中的热量也得到充分的利用。 水处理单元 3起到了维持水质稳定的关键作用。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种结合水产养殖及无土农业种植的系统， 其特征在于， 该装置包括水 产养殖单元、 无土种植单元及水处理单元， 上述各单元经水流管道连接， 所述的水产养殖单元包括水产养殖水池以及与水池连接的增氧装置和水温 控制器；
所述的无土种植单元包括无土种植床室以及与床室连接的植物营养控制器 及种植室二氧化碳浓度控制器，
所述的水处理单元包括依次连接的氮类处理装置、 超滤膜过滤装置及消毒 装置。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的一种结合水产养殖及无土农业种植的系统，其特 征在于， 所述的水产养殖单元、 无土种植单元及水处理单元设置在平地上经水 流管道中的流水连接形成循环。
3.根据权利要求 1所述的一种结合水产养殖及无土农业种植的系统，其特 征在于， 所述的水产养殖单元、 无土种植单元及水处理单元呈纵向设置并形成 高度差， 经水流管道中的流水连接形成循环。
4.根据权利要求 1所述的一种结合水产养殖及无土农业种植的系统，其特 征在于， 所述的增氧装置控制水产养殖水池中溶解氧的浓度为 8-12mg/L， 所述 的水温控制器可以根据所养殖的种类进行温度控制， 适合于不同的水产养殖种
5.根据权利要求 1所述的一种结合水产养殖及无土农业种植的系统，其特 征在于， 所述的氮类处理装置处理氨氮、 亚硝酸氮及总氮的处理装置。
6.根据权利要求 1所述的一种结合水产养殖及无土农业种植的系统，其特 征在于， 所述的水处理单元采用固定化生物技术、 膜处理技术和紫外激发空气 生成臭氧， 对水流流程流过的水体进行紫外照射与臭氧结合的消毒处理。
8.根据权利要求 1所述的一种结合水产养殖及无土农业种植的系统，其特 征在于， 水流管道上设置压力泵控制水流的流向和流速。
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CN109247281A (zh) * 2018-10-19 2019-01-22 安徽农业大学 一种稻田-养殖塘共作结合水产养殖系统以及养殖方法
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