CN105585223B - 一种淡水养殖废水深度处理回用系统及其方法 - Google Patents
一种淡水养殖废水深度处理回用系统及其方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105585223B CN105585223B CN201610111772.1A CN201610111772A CN105585223B CN 105585223 B CN105585223 B CN 105585223B CN 201610111772 A CN201610111772 A CN 201610111772A CN 105585223 B CN105585223 B CN 105585223B
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- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound 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- 235000001855 Portulaca oleracea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- CVTZKFWZDBJAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].N Chemical compound 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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 4
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Abstract
一种淡水养殖废水深度处理回用系统及其方法，属于环保技术领域，包括养殖塘，养殖塘出水口排放淡水养殖废水；沉沙集水池，沉沙集水池入水口通过管道与养殖塘出水口连接，沉沙集水池出水口连接生物强化流化池入水口；生物强化流化池，生物强化流化池出水口通过管道连接二级净化池入水口；生物强化流化池内置生物填料；二级净化池，种植吸污能力强的水生植物或景观植物或种植经济型水生蔬菜；二级净化池出水口通过管道与养殖塘入水口连接。该方法适用于各种规模化淡水养殖模式的废水深度处理，处理工艺简单高效，抗冲击能力强，净化效果好，设备投资小，自动运行，运行费用低。
Description
一种淡水养殖废水深度处理回用系统及其方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于环保技术领域，具体涉及为一种淡水养殖废水深度处理回用系统及其 方法。
背景技术
[0002] 改革开放以来，淡水养殖产业布局发生了重大变化，已逐渐成为我国当前农村经 济的主要增长点之一。近几年来，工厂化水产养殖业迅速发展，相对于传统的养殖方法，高 密度集约化养殖需要的土地相对较少，周期短，具有较大的经济优势。但是水产养殖业的大 力发展所带来的废水外排问题，对环境产生污染日益严重，不仅危及生态安全，还制约经济 发展，己成为人们普遍关注的社会问题。
[0003]淡水养殖呈现出规模化的趋势，养殖密度高，投饵量大，部分饲料因沉入水底难以 被摄食，饲料中的氮磷只有不到2〇%被同化，其他残剩饲料和养殖排泄物对水体产生严重破 坏，影响养殖产品品质，甚至成为病菌滋生的温床，导致大规模病害等，造成不必要的经济 损失。为此，养殖塘需定期换水，废水含有大量的氮、磷及有机物，如不经过处理直接外排， 就会污染周边水体，造成局部水域严重富营养化，使水体发臭，更严重则会引起浅水湖泊的 退化，使水资源减少。
[0004]养殖废水的处理模式发展到目前，从传统的依靠自然水体、土地、农田等的吸收消 纳能力进行处理，逐渐发展到物化加药处理，生化-过滤组合处理等模式，另外生态处理的 方式也在不断探索发展。公开为101041499的中国发明专利申请公开了一种序批式削减高 浓度废水氮、磷、C0D污染负荷的方法，其以氧化钙为主要水处理剂，以硫酸为吸收液，在一 定气液指空气与废水比条件下对养殖废水进行氮吹脱、磷与C0D等沉淀处理一定时间，削减 废水中的氮、磷、C0D等污染物负荷，处理操作繁琐，效率低，运行费用高。公开号为 202849213U的中国实用新型专利申请公开了 一种养殖废水高效处理系统，其所发明的是一 种沼气池、一级好氧-兼氧-好氧池组成的养殖废水处理系统，该系统需较长的停留时间，处 理效率低，当处理水量较大时，无法体现其适用性，且投资较高，控制运行复杂。公开号为 1〇253117從的中国发明专利申请公开了 一种太阳能生态复合净化塘处理养殖废水的组合 装置，该发明主要通过太阳能动水设备物理破坏藻类生存环境，结合生态浮床转移污染物 的方式，在构思上虽巧妙，但其投资较高，对于大面积的污染只起到局部效果，作用甚微。 [0005]因此寻找一种简单、经济和高效的淡水养殖废水深度处理和回用系统及其方法， 对于淡水养殖业的可持续发展显得尤为重要。
发明内容
[0006]本发明的目的在于克服上述提到的缺陷和不足，而提供一种淡水养殖废水深度处 理回用系统。
[0007]本发明的另有目的在于提供一种淡水养殖废水深度处理及回用方法。
[000S]本发明实现其目的采用的技术方案如下。
[0009] —种淡水养殖废水深度处理回用系统，包括：
[0010] 养殖塘，养殖淡水养殖品种，其设置有入水口和出水口；养殖塘出水口排放淡水养 殖废水；
[0011 ] 沉沙集水池，沉沙、调水、蓄水，其设置有入水口和出水口；沉沙集水池入水口通过 管道与养殖塘出水口连接，沉沙集水池出水口连接生物强化流化池入水口；
[0012]生物强化流化池，降解有机物，脱氮除鱗，其设置有入水口和出水口；生物强化流 化池出水口通过管道连接二级净化池入水口；生物强化流化池内置生物填料;二级净化池， 种植吸污能力强的水生植物或景观植物或种植经济型水生蔬菜，其设置有入水口和出水 口；二级净化池出水口通过管道与养殖塘入水口连接。
[0013] 所述淡水养殖废水为养殖淡水养殖品种所产生的废水;淡水养殖废水主要水质指 标为化学需氧量为50〜150mg/L，总氮为15〜100mg/L，氨氮为5〜50mg/L，总磷为1〜10mg/L，溶 解氧1〜10mg/L。
[0014] 所述生物强化流化池内置10%-50%体积的生物填料，生物填料为微生物附着生长 的环状填料、组合填料、弹性填料、软性填料、半软性填料、多孔球型填料的一种或几种。
[0015] 生物强化流化池入水口设置在反应池底部，通过脉冲进水的方式，使池内废水和 填料充分接触流化，填料局部呈现好氧/缺氧/厌氧的交替状态，去除污染物。
[0016] 所述沉沙集水池和生物强化流化池为一体设备，采用玻璃钢或碳钢材质。
[0017] 所述二级净化池种有:美人蕉、再力花、水生鸢尾、狐尾藻、菖蒲、芦苇、香蒲、浮萍、 睡莲或莲藕、菱白、慈姑、水序、菱角、荸莽、究实、蒲菜、苑菜、豆瓣菜、水芋、水蕹菜、京水菜 中一种或几种，同时辅助放养少量水生动物，深度处理水质，出水达到回用标准。
[0018] 使用上述的一种淡水养殖废水深度处理回用系统的方法，包括：
[0019] 步骤一，养殖塘中的淡水养殖废水从养殖塘出水口经过管道进入沉沙集水池入水 口，并在沉沙集水池中蓄水沉淀，去除大部分悬浮物，得到上清液；
[0020] 步骤二，沉沙集水池的上清液从沉沙集水池出水口以脉冲底部进水方式栗入生物 强化流化池中进行有机物的降解以及脱氮除磷后得到流化水，流化水达到《城镇污水处理 厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准；
[0021] 步骤三，生物强化流化池的流化水从生物强化流化池出水口排入二级净化池，通 过种植吸污能力强的水生植物或景观植物或种植经济型水生蔬菜，经过深度处理后得到净 化水，净化水的水质达到《地表水环境质量标准》m〜iv类水标准；
[0022] 步骤四，二级净化池的净化水从泵入二级净化池出水口泵入养殖塘回用。
[0023] 步骤一中，所述淡水养殖废水的排水量根据季节呈现出高峰和低谷，在夏季或起 塘消毒时，排水量较大。
[0024] 步骤二中，生物强化流化池内置10%_50%体积的生物填料，入水口设置在生物强化 流化池底部，通过脉冲进水的方式，使池内废水和填料充分接触流化，实现填料局部的好 氧/缺氧/厌氧交替状态，促进硝化/反硝化作用，实现污染物的去除。
[0025]所述养殖塘的养殖废水根据高程自流入沉沙集水池，沉沙后通过栗打入生物强化 流化池，最后溢流进入二级净化池。
[0026] 本发明具有以下有益效果：
[0027] 1 •系统容积负荷高，抗冲击能力强;设备投资费用低，自动运行，运行费用低；因地 制宜，不同大小的设备可拼接，适用于各种不同规模的淡水养殖废水的处理；
[0028] 2.微生物活性较强，净化效果好，处理出水可达到《地表水环境质量标准》m〜iv类 水标准，实现回用，污染零排放；
[0029] 3 •二级净化塘中种植经济水生蔬菜，转移污染物，进行深度处理，同时可获得一定 的经济收益；
[0030] 4.工艺简单，无需曝气外加动力，采用脉冲底部射流进水的方式，使内部填料流 化，实现局部的好氧-缺氧-厌氧交替状态，同时通过投加专用高效微生物，实现污染物的高 效去除。
附图说明
[0031] 图1是本系统的结构示意图；
[0032] 图中：1_养殖塘、2-沉沙集水池、3-生物强化流化池、4-二级净化池。
具体实施方式
[0033]下面结合附图，对本发明作进一步详细说明，图中箭头表示水流方向。
[0034] 一种淡水养殖废水深度处理回用系统，包括：
[0035]养殖塘1，养殖鱼、虾、蟹中一种或几种，其设置有入水口和出水口。养殖塘丨出水口 排放淡水养殖废水。所述淡水养殖废水为鱼、虾、蟹、龟鳖等淡水养殖业一种或几种所产生 的废水，淡水养殖废水主要水质指标为化学需氧量为5〇〜l5〇mg/L，总氮为15〜100mg/L，氨氮 为5〜50mg/L，总磷为1〜10mg/L，溶解氧1〜10mg/L。
[0036]沉沙集水池2，沉沙、调水、蓄水;其设置有入水口和出水口。沉沙集水池2入水口通 过管道与养殖塘1出水口连接，沉沙集水池2出水口连接生物强化流化池3入水口；
[0037]生物强化流化池3，降解有机物，脱氮除磷，其设置有入水口和出水口；生物强化流 化池3出水口通过管道连接二级净化池4入水口；所述沉沙集水池2与生物强化流化池3之间 设置有泵;生物强化流化池3内置10%-50%体积的生物填料，生物填料为微生物附着生长的 环状填料、组合填料、弹性填料、软性填料、半软性填料、多孔球型填料中的一种或几种;生 物强化流化池3入水口设置在反应池底部，通过脉冲进水的方式，使池内废水和生物填料充 分接触流化，实现生物填料局部的好氧-缺氧-厌氧的交替状态，促进污染物的去除；
[0038]作为优选，所述沉沙集水池2和生物强化流化池3为一体设备，方便运输和安装，其 材质为玻璃钢或碳钢，沉沙集水池2作用为沉淀、蓄水和调水;生物强化流化池3作用为主体 生化反应器，承载生物填料。
[0039]二级净化池4,种植吸污能力强的水生植物或景观植物或种植经济型水生蔬菜，其 设置有入水口和出水口；二级净化池4出水口通过管道与养殖塘1入水口连接，实现回水。所 述二级净化池4种植美人蕉、再力花、水生鸢尾、狐尾藻、菖蒲、芦苇、香蒲、浮萍、睡莲或莲 藕、茭白、慈姑、水芹、菱角、荸荠、芡实、蒲菜、莼菜、豆瓣菜、水芋、水蕹菜、京水菜等，同时辅 助放养少量水生动物鱼、虾、螺等，实现深度处理，出水达到回用标准。
[004°] 一种淡水养殖废水深度处理回用方法，包括：
[0041]步骤一，养殖塘1中的淡水养殖废水从养殖塘1出水口经过管道进入沉沙集水池2 入水口，并在沉沙集水池2中蓄水沉淀，去除大部分悬浮物，得到上清液;所述淡水养殖废水 的排水量根据季节呈现出高峰和低谷，一般在夏季或起塘消毒时，排水量较大。
[0042]步骤二，沉沙集水池2的上清液从沉沙集水池2出水口以脉冲底部进水方式泵入生 物强化流化池3中进行有机物的降解以及脱氮除磷后得到流化水，流化水达到《城镇污水处 理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准;生物强化流化池3内置10%-50%体积的生物填料，入水口 设置在生物强化流化池3底部，通过脉冲进水的方式，使池内废水和填料充分接触流化，实 现填料局部的好氧-缺氧-厌氧交替状态，促进硝化/反硝化作用，实现污染物的去除;根据 淡水养殖废水的水质特征，无需曝气充氧，同时降低了能耗；
[0043]步骤三，生物强化流化池3的流化水从生物强化流化池3出水口排入二级净化池4， 通过种植吸污能力强的水生植物或景观植物或种植经济型水生蔬菜，经过深度处理后得到 净化水，净化水的水质达到《地表水环境质量标准》m〜iv类水标准；
[0044]步骤四，二级净化池4的净化水从二级净化池4出水口泵入养殖塘1回用。
[0045]示例:浙江湖州地区某个太湖蟹专业养殖园的湖蟹养殖废水处理工程，该处理工 程曰处理量最高为400m3，湖蟹养殖废水的水质状况为:C0Dcr70〜115mg/L，总氮20~25mg/L， 氨氮10〜15mg/L，总磷1〜3mg/L。该工程设备沉沙集水池2和生物强化流化池3为FRP—体设 备，采取地埋式处理，周边绿化。湖蟹养殖废水首先进入沉沙集水池2，沉砂及调水蓄水，有 效容积约为10m3。生物强化流化池3反应池规格为O 2 • 8m X 8.6m，池底布置进水管，通过脉 冲底部进水的方式，使内部的填料流化起来与养殖废水充分接触，在填料结构上由外向内 形成好氧/缺氧/厌氧的环境，完成硝化和反硝化过程，实现污染物的去除，出水达到《城镇 污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准。出水进入设备一侧的二级净化池4中，面积 1000m2,净化塘内种植美人蕉、再力花、水生鸢尾、狐尾藻、浮萍、睡莲、菱角等，同时后期辅 助放养少量鲢鱼、鳙鱼、河虾、螺等，完善整个净化系统，实现进一步的深度处理，水质经过 长期监测达到《地表水环境质量标准》m〜iv类水标准，回用于养殖塘。
[0046] 养殖塘1的养殖废水根据高程自流入沉沙集水池2,沉沙后通过泵打入生物强化流 化池3,最后溢流进入二级净化池4。整个系统根据养殖塘的排水，采取液位控制高开低停， 为自动控制系统，不需人为操作开关。一般沉沙集水池2根据悬浮物的量设置停留时间1〜 3h，、生物强化流化池3根据污染物的浓度设置停留时间2〜8h，一般最适温度为20〜37°C，温 度太低则微生物会降低活性或休眠，影响处理效果。水质的判断依据分段取样检测和调节 停留时间为准。
[0047]该方法适用于各种规模化淡水养殖模式的废水深度处理，处理工艺简单高效，抗 冲击能力强，净化效果好，设备投资小，自动运行，运行费用低，养殖废水经过处理后可回用 于养殖塘，带来显著的环境效益和经济效益等优点。
[0048]本发明按照实施例进行了说明，在不脱离本原理的前提下，本装置还可以作出若 干变形和改进。应当指出，凡采用等同替换或等效变换等方式所获得的技术方案，均落在本 发明的保护范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种淡水养殖废水深度处理回用系统，包括： 养殖塘（1)，养殖淡水养殖品种，其设置有入水口和出水口；养殖塘(1)出水口排放淡水 养殖废水； 沉沙集水池(2)，沉沙、调水、蓄水，其设置有入水口和出水口；沉沙集水池(2)入水口通 过管道与养殖塘(1)出水口连接，沉沙集水池(2)出水口连接生物强化流化池(3)入水口； 生物强化流化池(3)，降解有机物，脱氮除磷，其设置有入水口和出水口；生物强化流化 池(3)出水口通过管道连接二级净化池(4)入水口；生物强化流化池(3)内置生物填料； 二级净化池(4)，种植吸污能力强的水生植物或景观植物或种植经济型水生蔬菜，其设 置有入水口和出水口；二级净化池(4)出水口通过管道与养殖塘(1)入水口连接； 所述淡水养殖废水为养殖淡水养殖品种所产生的废水;淡水养殖废水主要水质指标为 化学需氧量为50〜150mg/L，总氮为15〜100mg/L，氨氮为5〜50mg/L，总磷为1〜l〇mg/L，溶解氧1 〜10mg/L; 所述生物强化流化池(3)内置10%-50%体积的生物填料，生物填料为微生物附着生长的 环状填料、组合填料、弹性填料、软性填料、半软性填料、多孔球型填料的一种或几种； 生物强化流化池(3)入水口设置在反应池底部，通过脉冲进水的方式，使池内废水和填 料充分接触流化，填料局部呈现好氧/缺氧/厌氧的交替状态，去除污染物。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种淡水养殖废水深度处理回用系统，其特征在于，所述沉沙集 水池(2)和生物强化流化池(3)为一体设备，采用玻璃钢或碳钢材质。
3. 如权利要求1所述的一种淡水养殖废水深度处理回用系统，其特征在于，所述二级净 化池种有:美人蕉、再力花、水生鸢尾、狐尾藻、菖蒲、芦苇、香蒲、浮萍、睡莲或莲藕、茭白、慈 姑、水芹、菱角、荸荠、芡实、蒲菜、莼菜、豆瓣菜、水芋、水蕹菜、京水菜中一种或几种，同时辅 助放养少量水生动物，深度处理水质，出水达到回用标准。
4. 使用如权利要求1所述的一种淡水养殖废水深度处理回用系统的方法，包括： 步骤一，养殖塘（1)中的淡水养殖废水从养殖塘（1)出水口经过管道进入沉沙集水池 (2)入水口，并在沉沙集水池(2)中蓄水沉淀，去除大部分悬浮物，得到上清液； 步骤二，沉沙集水池(2)的上清液从沉沙集水池(2)出水口以脉冲底部进水方式泵入生 物强化流化池(3)中进行有机物的降解以及脱氮除磷后得到流化水，流化水达到《城镇污水 处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准； 步骤三，生物强化流化池（3)的流化水从生物强化流化池（3)出水口排入二级净化池 (4)，通过种植吸污能力强的水生植物或景观植物或种植经济型水生蔬菜，经过深度处理后 得到净化水，净化水的水质达到《地表水环境质量标准》m〜iv类水标准； 步骤四，二级净化池(4)的净化水从泵入二级净化池(4)出水口泵入养殖塘(1)回用。
5. 如权利要求4所述的一种淡水养殖废水深度处理回用方法，其特征在于，步骤一中， 所述淡水养殖废水的排水量根据季节呈现出高峰和低谷，在夏季或起塘消毒时，排水量较 大。
6.如权利要求4所述的一种淡水养殖废水深度处理回用方法，其特征在于，步骤二中， 生物强化流化池(3)内置1〇%_5〇%体积的生物填料，入水口设置在生物强化流化池(3)底部， 通过脉冲进水的方式，使池内废水和填料充分接触流化，实现填料局部的好氧/缺氧/厌氧 交替状态，促进硝化/反硝化作用，实现污染物的去除。
7.如权利要求4所述的一种淡水养殖废水深度处理回用方法，其特征在于，所述养殖塘 (1)的养殖废水根据高程自流入沉沙集水池(2)，沉沙后通过栗打入生物强化流化池(3)，最 后溢流进入二级净化池(4)。
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