CN202026704U - 一种利用水生植物和em菌净化养殖水的养殖系统 - Google Patents
一种利用水生植物和em菌净化养殖水的养殖系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN202026704U CN202026704U CN2010206883142U CN201020688314U CN202026704U CN 202026704 U CN202026704 U CN 202026704U CN 2010206883142 U CN2010206883142 U CN 2010206883142U CN 201020688314 U CN201020688314 U CN 201020688314U CN 202026704 U CN202026704 U CN 202026704U
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- 240000001085 Trapa natans Species 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound 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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种利用水生植物和EM菌净化养殖水的养殖系统，包括依次循环相连通的养鱼池、沉淀吸收池、菌草共生池和砂滤床，所述养鱼池和沉淀吸收池通过铺设于两池底的排水管连通，所述养鱼池内的水通过所述排水管流入所述沉淀吸收池，并经过沉淀后进入菌草共生池净化后流入砂滤床进行过滤，最后由水泵抽入养殖水。本系统利用水生植物和EM菌净化养殖水，设置简单，流程简短，易于控制，净化效率高，成本低廉，减少了大型能耗设备的投入，是一种环境友好的高效生态循环水养鱼生产模式。
Description
一种利用水生植物和EM菌净化养殖水的养殖系统
技术领域
[0001] 本实用新型涉及一种渔业养殖系统，具体来说涉及一种利用水生植物和EM菌净化养殖水的养殖系统。
背景技术
[0002]目前，国内外均采用传统的设备型工厂化循环水养鱼系统，其投资额大、设备昂贵、运行能耗高，操作管理复杂、经济效益低，推广应用难。也有现代改进的养殖系统，在传统养鱼工厂的成套专用设备的基础上，减少了投资与能耗，适应于小型简单的养殖规模，但现有的养殖系统还存在以下的缺陷：不适用于大型规模化的鱼类生产养殖，动力设备较多、 能耗较高。
实用新型内容
[0003] 本实用新型的目的在于提供一种利用水生植物和EM菌净化养殖水的养殖系统， 本系统利用水生植物和EM菌净化养殖水，设置简单，流程简短，易于控制，净化效率高，成本低廉，减少了大型能耗设备的投入，是一种环境友好的高效生态循环水养鱼生产模式。
[0004] 本实用新型的目的可通过以下的技术措施来实现：
[0005] 一种利用水生植物和EM菌净化养殖水的养殖系统，包括依次循环相连通的养鱼池、沉淀吸收池、菌草共生池和砂滤床，所述养鱼池和沉淀吸收池通过铺设于两池底的排水管连通，所述养鱼池内的水通过所述排水管流入所述沉淀吸收池，并经过沉淀后进入菌草共生池净化后流入砂滤床进行过滤，最后由水泵抽入养殖水。
[0006] 所述养殖系统中的养鱼池和砂滤床之间还设有储水池，所述储水池储存多余的养殖水，并为所述养鱼池补充养殖水。
[0007] 所述沉淀吸收池中种植浮水植物凤眼莲，覆盖率为509Γ70%。
[0008] 所述沉淀吸收池的池水深度为2米以上。
[0009] 所述菌草共生池中每10天投放EM菌广2 kg,并种植沉水植物伊乐藻和菹草。
[0010] 所述菌草共生池的池水深度为1米至1. 5米。
[0011] 所述砂滤床中的滤料成分为孤的Si02、Al203的膨胀珍珠岩矿物质，砂滤床的厚度为60〜120cm，过水面积为8平方米。
[0012] 所述储水池的池水深度为12米以上。
[0013] 所述储水池中养殖河蟹、青虾和要求水质较瘦的鱼类。
[0014] 所述养殖池、沉淀吸收池、菌草共生池和储水池的池底面积比为50 ： 2 ： 1 ： 4〜 50 ： 2 ： 1 ： 8。
[0015] 本实用新型的利用水生植物和EM菌净化养殖水的养殖系统，相比现有技术来说具有如下优点：
[0016] 本实用新型的养殖系统采用了水生植物及菌类净化养殖尾水，提高了水处理效果，使得养殖尾水得以循环利用。本发明主要特征是在沉淀吸收池中种植浮水植物沉淀悬浮物同时去除水中溶解的营养物；菌草共生池投放EM菌并种植沉水植物，二次去除水中营养植物，并为水体加氧；后经砂滤床二次去除悬浮物净化水质；储水池可以用于净化水的二次分配，也可以用于养殖。本法明系统设置简单，流程简短，易于控制，净化效率高，成本低廉，利用水生植物及EM菌自身的代谢来进行净化水质，能有效改善养殖环境，减少生产投入。
附图说明
[0017] 图1是本实用新型利用水生植物和EM菌净化养殖水的养殖系统的结构图。
[0018] 具体实施方式
[0019] 图1示出了本实用新型的利用水生植物和EM菌净化养殖水的养殖系统的结构，它包括依次循环相连通的养鱼池、沉淀吸收池、菌草共生池和砂滤床，所述养鱼池和沉淀吸收池通过铺设于两池底的排水管连通，所述养鱼池内的水通过所述排水管流入所述沉淀吸收池，并经过沉淀后进入菌草共生池净化后流入砂滤床进行过滤，最后由水泵抽入养殖水。
[0020] 其中生产养鱼池中的废水经沉淀吸收池、菌草共生池进行氮、磷等营养物去除，再经砂滤床去除悬浮物，得到净化的水注入储水池进行合理分配。
[0021] 沉淀吸收池水较深，水深在2米以上，其中种植了大量的浮水植物凤眼莲，覆盖面积为50%〜70%，吸收水体里的氮、磷的同时，也使浮游藻类不能进行光合作用，死亡后和悬浮颗粒一起沉淀，集沉淀和净化于一身。该沉淀吸收池能够去除水中溶解的营养物。
[0022] 接下来养殖水流入菌草共生池中，该池中种植沉水植物伊乐藻和菹草外，每10天按每亩1 -2 kg的量投放EM菌，最终菌的量为IO7-IO8 CFU。伊乐藻和菹草可以吸收水体和底泥中的氮、磷等营养盐生长，也可进一步沉淀悬浮物质，同时通过植物在水下的光合作用补充水体氧气，一些有害物质也可以在这个区域通过氧化而下降。EM菌能够降解NH4+-N、 H2S和一些有害物质，促进浮游生物生长，遏制有害菌蔓延，平衡养殖水体的微生态环境。该池的水位为广1. 5米，能够二次去除水中营养植物，并同时为水体加氧。
[0023] 接下来养殖水进入砂滤床，砂滤床中选用的滤料是一种主要成分为72%的Si02、 Al2O3的膨胀珍珠岩矿物质，滤料层的厚度达到6(Tl20 cm，过水面积达到8 m2。
[0024] 最后，经过净化后的养殖可以直接送入养鱼池中，也可以将多余的干净的养殖水送入储水池中储存，这个储水池的面积要可以设置大一些，水位在1.2米以上，可养殖少量河蟹、青虾和要求水质较瘦的鱼类，如鳜鱼。从菌草共生池泵出的水流经砂滤床进行悬浮物的过滤后，可直接灌到其他养殖池，也可以灌入这个区域。因菌草共生池面积不是很大，净化过的水外排则其他池塘需水时得不到供应，储水池是兼顾了水质净化和水面效益。
[0025] 试验估算，500亩的养殖区宜设20亩左右的沉淀吸收池，10亩左右的菌草共生池， 40〜80亩的储水池。如果500亩的示范区内有2个20亩的池塘出现水质恶化需要换水， 储备区的水位下降30〜40厘米就可以满足需要了，储备区水位在1. 2米以上（也是鳜鱼、 河蟹适宜生长的水深），降到80厘米基本不影响生长。
[0026] 本实用新型的实施方式不限于此，在本实用新型上述基本技术思想前提下，按照本领域的普通技术知识和惯用手段对本实用新型内容所做出其它多种形式的修改、替换或变更，均落在本实用新型权利保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1. 一种利用水生植物和EM菌净化养殖水的养殖系统，其特征在于：包括依次循环相连通的养鱼池、沉淀吸收池、菌草共生池和砂滤床，所述养鱼池和沉淀吸收池通过铺设于两池底的排水管连通。
2.根据权利要求1所述的养殖系统，其特征在于：所述养殖系统中的养鱼池和砂滤床之间还设有用于储存多余养殖水的储水池。
3.根据权利要求2所述的养殖系统，其特征在于：所述沉淀吸收池中种植有浮水植物凤眼莲，覆盖率为50%〜70%。
4.根据权利要求3所述的养殖系统，其特征在于：所述沉淀吸收池的池水深度为2米以上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的养殖系统，其特征在于：所述菌草共生池的池水深度为1米至1. 5米。
6.根据权利要求2所述的养殖系统，其特征在于：所述砂滤床的厚度为60〜120cm，过水面积为8平方米。
7.根据权利要求2所述的养殖系统，其特征在于：所述储水池的池水深度为1. 2米以上。
8.根据权利要求2所述的养殖系统，其特征在于：所述养殖池、沉淀吸收池、菌草共生池和储水池的池底面积比为50 ： 2 ： 1 ： 4〜50 ： 2 ： 1 ： 8。 2
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| CN102771427A (zh) * | 2012-07-31 | 2012-11-14 | 中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所 | 鳜鱼生态人工繁育方法 |
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