WO2019012370A1 - 撮像装置および電子機器 - Google Patents
撮像装置および電子機器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019012370A1 WO2019012370A1 PCT/IB2018/054915 IB2018054915W WO2019012370A1 WO 2019012370 A1 WO2019012370 A1 WO 2019012370A1 IB 2018054915 W IB2018054915 W IB 2018054915W WO 2019012370 A1 WO2019012370 A1 WO 2019012370A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/0256—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by the material
- H01L31/0264—Inorganic materials
- H01L31/0272—Selenium or tellurium
Definitions
- One embodiment of the present invention relates to an imaging device.
- one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above technical field.
- the technical field of one embodiment of the invention disclosed in the present specification and the like relates to an object, a method, or a method of manufacturing.
- one aspect of the present invention relates to a process, a machine, a manufacture, or a composition (composition of matter). Therefore, the technical field of one embodiment of the present invention disclosed in the present specification more specifically includes a semiconductor device, a display device, a liquid crystal display device, a light emitting device, a lighting device, a power storage device, a storage device, an imaging device, and the like.
- a driving method or a method of manufacturing them can be mentioned as an example.
- a semiconductor device refers to any device that can function by utilizing semiconductor characteristics.
- a transistor and a semiconductor circuit are one embodiment of a semiconductor device.
- the memory device, the display device, the imaging device, and the electronic device may include a semiconductor device.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an imaging device having a structure in which a transistor having an oxide semiconductor and having extremely low off-state current is used for a pixel circuit.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a technology for adding an arithmetic function to an imaging device.
- processing by software is used for conversion to a binary image, if processing by hardware can be performed, speeding up of the entire processing can be expected.
- analysis processing of image data is performed by converting analog data which is original data into digital data, but if complex data processing can be performed in the state of analog data, the time required for data conversion can be shortened. . In addition, the size of the circuit used for analysis can be reduced.
- an object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide an imaging device capable of performing image processing. Another object is to provide an imaging device capable of binarizing and outputting acquired image data. Alternatively, an object of the present invention is to provide an imaging device capable of performing analysis processing of acquired image data. Another object is to provide an imaging device capable of arithmetic processing of analog data.
- Another object is to provide an imaging device with low power consumption. Another object is to provide an imaging device that can perform high-sensitivity imaging. Alternatively, it is an object to provide a highly reliable imaging device. Alternatively, it is an object to provide a novel imaging device or the like. Another object is to provide a driving method of the imaging device. Another object is to provide a novel semiconductor device or the like.
- One embodiment of the present invention relates to an imaging device which can compress and output data acquired by pixels.
- the present invention relates to an imaging device capable of arithmetic processing of the compressed data.
- One embodiment of the present invention includes a photoelectric conversion element, a first transistor, a second transistor, and a first inverter circuit, and the first inverter circuit has a configuration of a CMOS circuit, and One electrode of the conversion element is electrically connected to one of the source or drain of the first transistor, and the other of the source or drain of the first transistor is electrically connected to one of the source or drain of the second transistor And one of the source and the drain of the second transistor is electrically connected to the input terminal of the first inverter circuit, and the first transistor and the second transistor form metal oxide in the channel formation region.
- the imaging device according to the first aspect is a transistor having
- a second inverter circuit is provided, the second inverter circuit has a CMOS circuit configuration, and an input terminal of the second inverter circuit is electrically connected to an output terminal of the first inverter circuit. It may be an imaging device in the form of 2.
- the semiconductor device further includes a third transistor, the gate of the third transistor is electrically connected to the output terminal of the first inverter circuit, and the source or drain of the third transistor One of them may be electrically connected to the input terminal of the first inverter circuit.
- the semiconductor device further includes a fourth transistor, the gate of the fourth transistor is electrically connected to the output terminal of the second inverter circuit, and one of the source and the drain of the fourth transistor is It may be electrically connected to the input terminal of the first inverter circuit.
- the semiconductor device further includes a first capacitive element, one electrode of the first capacitive element is electrically connected to the output terminal of the second inverter circuit, and the other of the first capacitive element is The electrode may be electrically connected to the input terminal of the first inverter circuit.
- the semiconductor device further includes a second capacitive element, one electrode of the second capacitive element is electrically connected to the output terminal of the first inverter circuit, and the other of the second capacitive element is The electrode may be electrically connected to the input terminal of the first inverter circuit.
- the semiconductor device further includes a fifth transistor, a sixth transistor, and a seventh transistor, and one of the source and the drain of the fifth transistor is a source or a drain of the first transistor.
- the transistor is electrically connected to the other, one of the source or the drain of the fifth transistor is electrically connected to the gate of the sixth transistor, and one of the source or the drain of the sixth transistor is the transistor of the seventh transistor.
- One of the source and the drain of the sixth transistor may be electrically connected to one of the source and the drain, and one of the source and the drain of the sixth transistor may be electrically connected to the gate of the fifth transistor.
- the sixth transistor, the fifth transistor, and the seventh transistor preferably have opposite polarities.
- the first form further includes an eighth transistor and a ninth transistor, and the other of the source and the drain of the eighth transistor is electrically connected to the other of the source and the drain of the first transistor. And one of the source or drain of the ninth transistor is electrically connected to one of the power supply terminals of the first inverter circuit, and one of the source or drain of the ninth transistor is connected to the gate of the eighth transistor It may be electrically connected.
- An n-ch transistor included in a CMOS circuit preferably includes a metal oxide in a channel formation region.
- the metal oxide preferably contains In, Zn, and M (M is Al, Ti, Ga, Sn, Y, Zr, La, Ce, Nd, or Hf).
- An n-ch transistor included in a CMOS circuit includes a first gate and a second gate, and the first gate and the second gate are provided at positions facing each other through the semiconductor layer. Is preferred.
- selenium or a compound containing selenium may be used.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is an imaging device including a plurality of blocks in which a pixel portion and a memory portion are provided, and the pixel portion has a function of acquiring first data by photoelectric conversion, and And the memory unit has a function of storing the third data, the second data, and the third data, and the product-sum operation And an imaging device having the following functions:
- the pixel portion includes a photoelectric conversion element, a first transistor, a second transistor, and an inverter circuit, and one electrode of the photoelectric conversion element is electrically connected to one of the source and the drain of the first transistor.
- the first transistor are electrically connected to one of the source or drain of the second transistor, and one of the source or drain of the second transistor is an input of the inverter circuit.
- the memory portion is electrically connected to the terminal, the memory portion includes a capacitor, a third transistor, and a fourth transistor, and one electrode of the capacitor is electrically connected to an output terminal of the inverter circuit.
- the other electrode of the capacitive element is electrically connected to one of the source and the drain of the third transistor, and the source or the drain of the third transistor is One-in can be a gate electrically connected Configurations of the fourth transistor.
- an imaging device capable of performing image processing can be provided.
- an imaging device capable of binarizing and outputting acquired image data can be provided.
- an imaging device capable of arithmetic processing of analog data can be provided.
- an imaging device with low power consumption can be provided.
- an imaging device capable of performing high-sensitivity imaging can be provided.
- a highly reliable imaging device can be provided.
- a novel imaging device or the like can be provided.
- a method of driving the imaging device can be provided.
- a novel semiconductor device or the like can be provided.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a pixel circuit.
- FIG. 6 illustrates an operation of a pixel circuit.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a pixel circuit and its operation.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a pixel circuit.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a pixel circuit and its operation.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a pixel circuit and its operation.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a pixel circuit and its operation.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a pixel circuit and its operation.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a pixel circuit and its operation.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a pixel circuit and its operation.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a pixel circuit.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a pixel circuit and its operation.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a pixel circuit and its operation.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a pixel circuit and its operation.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a pixel circuit and its operation.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a pixel circuit and its operation.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a
- FIG. 7 illustrates a pixel circuit and its operation.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a pixel circuit.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an imaging device. The figure explaining the structural example of a neural network.
- 5A and 5B illustrate a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- 5A to 5C illustrate an example of a configuration of a memory cell.
- 7 is a timing chart illustrating operation of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating connection of a pixel of an imaging device and a memory cell.
- 5A and 5B illustrate a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating connection of a pixel of an imaging device and a memory cell.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating connection of a pixel of an imaging device and a memory cell.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a pixel of an imaging device.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a pixel of an imaging device.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a pixel of an imaging device.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a pixel of an imaging device.
- Embodiment 1 In this embodiment, an imaging device which is one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
- One embodiment of the present invention is an imaging device including a pixel capable of binary output operation of an image signal.
- a signal corresponding to two values is output from the inverter circuit. Since the intermediate potential is hardly output, it can be said that the image data is compressed and output.
- the image is binarized by performing image processing with software, etc., and the reading accuracy is improved.
- image processing can be performed at high speed.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a pixel 11 a that can be used for the imaging device of one embodiment of the present invention.
- the pixel 11 a includes a photoelectric conversion element 101, a transistor 102, a transistor 103, an inverter circuit INV 1, and a capacitor 106.
- the inverter circuit INV1 has a configuration of a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuit, and includes an n-ch transistor 104 and a p-ch transistor 105. Note that the capacitor 106 may not be provided.
- CMOS complementary metal oxide semiconductor
- the gate of the transistor 104 and the gate of the transistor 105 are electrically connected and function as an input terminal. Further, one of the source or the drain of the transistor 104 and one of the source or the drain of the transistor 105 are electrically connected to each other and function as an output terminal.
- One electrode of the photoelectric conversion element 101 is electrically connected to one of the source and the drain of the transistor 102.
- the other of the source and the drain of the transistor 102 is electrically connected to one electrode of the capacitor 106.
- One electrode of the capacitor 106 is electrically connected to one of the source and the drain of the transistor 103.
- One of the source and the drain of the transistor 103 is electrically connected to the input terminal of the inverter circuit INV1. Note that one of the source and the drain of the transistor 103 may be electrically connected to one of the electrodes of the photoelectric conversion element 101.
- a point at which the other of the source and the drain of the transistor 102, one of the electrodes of the capacitor 106, one of the source and the drain of the transistor 103, and the input terminal of the inverter circuit INV1 is connected is a node FD.
- the other electrode of the photoelectric conversion element 101 is electrically connected to the wiring 121.
- the gate of the transistor 102 is electrically connected to the wiring 124.
- the other of the source and the drain of the transistor 103 is electrically connected to the wiring 122.
- the gate of the transistor 103 is electrically connected to the wiring 125.
- the other of the source and the drain of the transistor 105 is electrically connected to, for example, a power supply line for supplying a high potential (VDD) or the like.
- the other electrode of the capacitive element 106 is electrically connected to a reference potential line such as a GND line, for example.
- the output terminal of the inverter circuit INV1 is electrically connected to the wiring 126.
- the other of the source and the drain of the transistor 104 is a low potential power supply terminal, and is electrically connected to the GND wiring or the low potential power supply line.
- the other of the source and the drain of the transistor 105 is a high potential power supply terminal and is electrically connected to the high potential power supply line.
- the wirings 121 and 122 can have a function as power supply lines.
- the potentials of the wirings 121 and 122 differ depending on the direction of connection of the photoelectric conversion element 101.
- the anode side of the photoelectric conversion element 101 is electrically connected to the transistor 102, and the node FD is reset to a low potential for operation, so the wiring 121 has a high potential (VDD),
- the wiring 122 is set to a low potential (VSS).
- the wirings 124 and 125 can function as signal lines for controlling conduction of each transistor.
- the wiring 126 can function as an output line. Note that the wiring 126 is preferably floating.
- a photodiode can be used as the photoelectric conversion element 101.
- an avalanche photodiode it is preferable to use an avalanche photodiode.
- the transistor 102 can have a function of controlling the potential of the node FD.
- the transistor 103 can have a function of initializing the potential of the node FD.
- the inverter circuit INV1 can have a function of outputting a binary signal to the wiring 126 in accordance with the potential of the node FD.
- a high voltage may be applied, and a transistor with high withstand voltage is preferably used as a transistor connected to the photoelectric conversion element 101.
- a transistor in which a metal oxide is used for a channel formation region hereinafter, an OS transistor
- an OS transistor is preferably applied to the transistor 102 and the transistor 103.
- the OS transistor also has extremely low off current.
- OS transistors for the transistors 102 and 103 the period in which charge can be held at the node FD can be extremely long. Therefore, it is possible to apply the global shutter method in which charge accumulation operation is simultaneously performed in all the pixels without complicating the circuit configuration and the operation method.
- the first gate and the second gate can be provided to sandwich the semiconductor layer.
- the threshold voltage of the transistor can be easily adjusted, and binary output operation described later can be controlled.
- the transistor 105 it is preferable to apply a transistor (hereinafter referred to as a Si transistor) in which silicon for which a p-ch transistor is easily manufactured is used for a channel formation region.
- a transistor hereinafter referred to as a Si transistor
- the present invention is not limited to the above, and any combination of an OS transistor and a Si transistor may be applied.
- all the transistors may be OS transistors or Si transistors.
- the potential of the wiring 125 is “L” in the period T2
- the potential of the node FD is increased according to the operation of the photoelectric conversion element 101 (accumulation operation).
- the transistor 105 is gradually turned off in the inverter circuit INV1, and the transistor 104 is gradually turned on. Therefore, the potential output to the wiring 126 gradually changes from "H” to "L".
- the potential of the wiring 124 is “L” in the period T3
- the potential of the node FD is held, and thus the potential output to the wiring 126 is fixed at “L”.
- the read operation may be performed after the period T3.
- the potential of the node FD is “H” or in the vicinity thereof in the pixel 11a, and “L” is output to the wiring 126 “L”.
- the potential of the node FD is at or near “L”, and “H” is output to the wiring 126.
- the inverter circuit INV1 In the operation of the inverter circuit INV1, there is a transient state in which both the transistor 104 and the transistor 105 are conductive. Therefore, a potential in the range illustrated by oblique lines may be output to the wiring 126 when the potential of the node FD is in the middle between “H” and “L” and in the vicinity thereof. However, since the output sharply changes in the vicinity of the logic threshold value of the inverter circuit INV1, the potential in the vicinity of the middle is hard to be output. Therefore, in a broad sense, it can be said that the pixel 11a is capable of binary output operation.
- the threshold voltage of the transistor 104 controls the threshold voltage of the transistor 104. For example, when the node FD and the first gate of the transistor 104 are connected, the threshold voltage can be shifted in the positive direction by applying a negative potential to the source potential to the second gate. By shifting the threshold voltage of the transistor 104 in the positive direction, the range of the potential of the node FD at which a transient state occurs can be narrowed, and the accuracy of binary output operation can be improved.
- each element such as a transistor constituting the pixel 11a may generate noise. However, if the noise added to the node FD is equal to or less than the logic threshold value of the inverter circuit INV1, the output does not appear.
- FIG. 3A is a diagram for explaining a pixel 11 b in which the direction of connection of the photoelectric conversion element 101 is opposite to that of the pixel 11 a.
- the cathode side of the photoelectric conversion element 101 is connected to one of the source and the drain of the transistor 102, and the potential of the node FD is reset to a high potential to operate. Therefore, the wiring 121 has a low potential (VSS) and the wiring 122 has a high potential (VDD).
- VSS low potential
- VDD high potential
- FIG. 3B is a timing chart illustrating the operation of the pixel 11b.
- the basic operation is the same as that of the pixel 11a, but the change in the potential of the node FD according to the operation of the photoelectric conversion element 101 is opposite to that of the pixel 11a. Therefore, in the bright state, the potential of the node FD is “L” or in the vicinity of the pixel 11 a, and “H” is output to the wiring 126. In the dark state, the potential of the node FD is at or near “H”, and “L” is output to the wiring 126.
- the transistor 104 and the transistor 105 of the inverter circuit INV1 become conductive, and the power consumption is increased by the through current. Further, since the potential of the node FD is maintained even after the read operation, the through current may continue to flow even when the imaging operation is not performed.
- the transistor 151 may be added to the configuration of the pixel 11a.
- the through current can be suppressed by providing the transistor 151 between the transistor 105 and the high potential power supply line and turning off the transistor 151 except during the imaging operation period.
- the structure can also be applied to the structure of other pixels described in this embodiment.
- the transistors 107, 108, and 109 may be added to the configuration of the pixel 11a.
- the gate of the transistor 107 is electrically connected to the other of the source and the drain of the transistor 102.
- One of the source or the drain of the transistor 107 is electrically connected to one of the source or the drain of the transistor 108, and the other of the source or the drain of the transistor 107 is electrically connected with, for example, a power supply line supplying high potential (VDD).
- VDD high potential
- Connected The other of the source and the drain of the transistor 108 is electrically connected to the wiring 128.
- One of the source and the drain of the transistor 109 is electrically connected to the other of the source and the drain of the transistor 102, and the other of the source and the drain is electrically connected to the input terminal of the inverter circuit INV1.
- the transistor 107 can operate as a source follower circuit that outputs the potential of the node FD.
- the transistor 108 can operate as a pixel selection transistor.
- the pixel 11 a is configured to output only binarized data, but with the above configuration, image data that is not binarized can be output to the wiring 128. Further, by controlling the conduction of the transistor 109, acquisition of image data to be binarized can be selectively performed. Note that the structure can also be applied to the structure of other pixels described in this embodiment.
- FIG. 5A is a diagram for explaining a pixel 12a which is a modification of the pixel 11a.
- the pixel 12a has a configuration in which a transistor 110 is added to the pixel 11a.
- the gate of the transistor 110 is electrically connected to the wiring 126.
- One of the source or the drain of the transistor 110 is electrically connected to the input terminal of the inverter circuit INV1, and the other of the source or the drain is electrically connected to the wiring 131.
- the transistor 110 is a p-ch type.
- the potential of the wiring 125 is “L” in the period T2
- the potential of the node FD is increased according to the operation of the photoelectric conversion element 101 (accumulation operation).
- the transistor 104 When the potential of the node FD reaches the threshold voltage of the transistor 104, the transistor 104 is turned on and the potential of the wiring 126 starts to decrease. Then, when the potential of the wiring 126 reaches the threshold voltage of the transistor 110, the transistor 110 is turned on, and the potential of the node FD is rapidly increased. These operations are repeated and the potential of node FD is rapidly saturated.
- the potential of the wiring 124 is “L” in the period T3
- the potential of the node FD is held, and thus the potential output to the wiring 126 is fixed at “L”.
- the read operation may be performed after the period T3.
- the pixel 12a In the period T2, the pixel 12a outputs “H” to the wiring 126 immediately before the transistor 110 is turned on (corresponding to a dark state). In addition, when the transistor 110 is turned on (corresponding to a bright state), “L” is output to the wiring 126.
- the transition until the transistor 110 is turned on (corresponding to a dark state) due to the potential change of the node FD includes a transient state. Therefore, when the potential of the node FD has a value in a specific range in the dark state, the potential in the range illustrated by oblique lines may be output. However, since the potential of the node FD rapidly rises due to the conduction of the transistor 110, the potential near the middle is not output, and “L” is output when the bright state is detected. Therefore, in a broad sense, it can be said that the pixel 12a is capable of binary output operation.
- the threshold voltage of the transistor 104 controls the threshold voltage of the transistor 104.
- the range of the potential of the node FD which corresponds to the dark state can be adjusted.
- the range of the potential of the node FD where the above transient occurs can be reduced.
- FIG. 6A is a diagram for explaining a pixel 12 b in which the direction of connection of the photoelectric conversion element 101 is the reverse of the pixel 12 a.
- the cathode side of the photoelectric conversion element 101 is connected to one of the source and the drain of the transistor 102, and the potential of the node FD is reset to a high potential to operate. Therefore, the wiring 121 has a low potential (VSS) and the wiring 122 has a high potential (VDD).
- the transistor 110 is an n-ch type. The other configuration is the same as that of the pixel 12a.
- FIG. 6B is a timing chart illustrating the operation of the pixel 12b.
- the basic operation is the same as that of the pixel 12a, but the change in the potential of the node FD according to the operation of the photoelectric conversion element 101 is opposite to that of the pixel 12a. Therefore, the pixel 12 b outputs “L” to the wiring 126 immediately before the transistor 110 is turned on (corresponding to a dark state). In addition, when the transistor 110 is turned on (corresponding to a bright state), “H” is output to the wiring 126.
- FIG. 7A is a view for explaining a pixel 13a which is a modification of the pixel 11a.
- the pixel 13a has a configuration in which an inverter circuit INV2 is added to the pixel 11a.
- the input terminal of the inverter circuit INV2 is electrically connected to the output terminal of the inverter circuit INV1.
- the output terminal of the inverter circuit INV2 is electrically connected to the wiring 126.
- the inverter circuit INV2 has a configuration similar to that of the inverter circuit INV1, and includes an n-ch transistor 111 and a p-ch transistor 112.
- a point at which the output terminal of the inverter circuit INV1 and the input terminal of the inverter circuit INV2 are connected is referred to as a node AD.
- the potential of the wiring 125 is “L” in the period T2
- the potential of the node FD is increased according to the operation of the photoelectric conversion element 101 (accumulation operation).
- the transistor 105 is gradually turned off in the inverter circuit INV1 and the transistor 104 is gradually turned on. Therefore, the potential output to the node AD is from “H” It gradually changes to "L".
- the inverter circuit INV2 inverts and outputs the potential of the node AD, the potential output to the wiring 126 gradually changes from “L” to "H".
- the potential of the wiring 124 is “L” in the period T3
- the potential of the node FD is held, and thus the potential output to the wiring 126 is fixed at “H”.
- the read operation may be performed after the period T3.
- the inverter circuits are connected in series in two stages, the operation is delayed, and the range of the potential of the node FD in which a transient state occurs in the inverter circuit INV2 can be reduced. Therefore, when the potential of the node FD is in the middle between “H” and “L” and in the vicinity thereof, a potential in the range illustrated by oblique lines may be output to the wiring 126, but the range may be smaller than the pixel 11a. Can.
- FIG. 8A is a diagram for explaining a pixel 14b in which the connection direction of the photoelectric conversion element 101 is the reverse of the pixel 13a.
- the cathode side of the photoelectric conversion element 101 is connected to one of the source and the drain of the transistor 102, and the potential of the node FD is reset to a high potential to operate. Therefore, the wiring 121 has a low potential (VSS) and the wiring 122 has a high potential (VDD).
- VSS low potential
- VDD high potential
- FIG. 8B is a timing chart illustrating the operation of the pixel 13b.
- the basic operation is the same as that of the pixel 13a, but the change in the potential of the node FD according to the operation of the photoelectric conversion element 101 is opposite to that of the pixel 13a. Therefore, the potential output to the wiring 126 is also opposite to that of the pixel 13a.
- FIG. 9A is a view for explaining a pixel 14a which is a modification of the pixel 12a and the pixel 13a.
- the pixel 14a has a configuration in which the elements of the pixel 12a and the pixel 13a are combined.
- the pixel 14a includes a transistor 110 and an inverter circuit INV2.
- the gate of the transistor 110 is electrically connected to the node AD. Note that in the configuration of the pixel 14a, the transistor 110 is p-ch.
- the potential of the wiring 125 is “L” in the period T2
- the potential of the node FD is increased according to the operation of the photoelectric conversion element 101 (accumulation operation).
- the transistor 104 When the potential of the node FD reaches the threshold voltage of the transistor 104, the transistor 104 conducts and the potential of the node AD starts to decrease. Then, when the potential of the node AD reaches the threshold voltage of the transistor 110, the transistor 110 is turned on, and the potential of the node FD is rapidly increased. These operations are repeated and the potential of node FD is rapidly saturated. Further, the potential of the node AD also rapidly changes from "H" to "L".
- the delay operation is performed at the initial stage of the potential change of the node AD, and the rapid inversion operation is performed at the rapid change of the potential of the node AD. Therefore, the potential output to the wiring 126 rapidly changes from "L" to "H".
- the potential of the wiring 124 is “L” in the period T3
- the potential of the node FD is held, and thus the potential output to the wiring 126 is fixed at “H”.
- the read operation may be performed after the period T3.
- the pixel 14a In the period T2, the pixel 14a outputs “L” to the wiring 126 immediately before the transistor 110 is turned on (corresponding to a dark state). In addition, when the transistor 110 is turned on (corresponding to a bright state), “H” is output to the wiring 126.
- the operation of the inverter circuit INV1 has a transient state as shown in the description of the pixel 12a.
- the inverter circuit INV2 does not operate at the initial stage of change of the potential of the node AD because it involves a delay, and inverts in response to a rapid change of the potential of the node AD. Therefore, the pixel 14a can perform a binary output operation of outputting "H" to the wiring 126 when a bright state is detected and outputting "L" to the wiring 126 when a dark state is detected.
- the transistor 110 in the pixel 14a may be replaced with an n-ch transistor, and the gate of the transistor 110 may be electrically connected to the wiring 126. .
- the pixel 15a can be operated in accordance with the timing chart shown in FIG. 9B, and a similar output can be obtained.
- FIG. 10A is a diagram for explaining a pixel 14 b in which the connection direction of the photoelectric conversion element 101 is the reverse of the pixel 14 a.
- the cathode side of the photoelectric conversion element 101 is connected to one of the source and the drain of the transistor 102, and the potential of the node FD is reset to a high potential to operate. Therefore, the wiring 121 has a low potential (VSS) and the wiring 122 has a high potential (VDD).
- the transistor 110 is an n-ch type. The other configuration is the same as the pixel 14a.
- FIG. 10B is a timing chart illustrating the operation of the pixel 12b.
- the basic operation is the same as that of the pixel 14a, but the change in the potential of the node FD according to the operation of the photoelectric conversion element 101 is opposite to that of the pixel 14a. Therefore, the pixel 14 b can perform a binary output operation of outputting “L” to the wiring 126 when a bright state is detected and outputting “H” to the wiring 126 when a dark state is detected.
- the transistor 110 in the pixel 14b may be replaced with a p-ch transistor, and the gate of the transistor 110 may be electrically connected to the wiring 126. .
- the pixel 15b can be operated according to the timing chart shown in FIG. 10B, and can obtain the same output.
- FIG. 12A is a view for explaining a pixel 16a which is a modification of the pixel 13a.
- the pixel 16a has a configuration in which a capacitor 114 is added to the pixel 13a.
- One electrode of the capacitor 114 is electrically connected to the wiring 126.
- the other electrode of the capacitive element 114 is electrically connected to the input terminal of the inverter circuit INV1.
- the potential of the wiring 125 is “L” in the period T2
- the potential of the node FD is increased according to the operation of the photoelectric conversion element 101 (accumulation operation).
- each of the inverter circuit INV1 and the inverter circuit INV2 operates, and the potential of the wiring 126 rises. Therefore, the potential of the node FD is further raised by the capacitive coupling of the capacitive element 114. These operations are repeated, and the potential of the node FD rapidly rises.
- the operation of the inverter circuit INV1 has a transient state as shown in the description of the pixel 12a.
- the inverter circuit INV2 causes a delay in operation at the initial stage of the change of the potential of the node AD, and inverts in response to the rapid change of the potential of the node AD. Therefore, the pixel 14a can perform a binary output operation of outputting "L” to the wiring 126 when a bright state is detected, and outputting "H" to the wiring 126 when a dark state is detected.
- FIG. 13A is a diagram for explaining a pixel 16 b in which the connection direction of the photoelectric conversion element 101 is the reverse of the pixel 16 a.
- the cathode side of the photoelectric conversion element 101 is connected to one of the source and the drain of the transistor 102, and the potential of the node FD is reset to a high potential to operate. Therefore, the wiring 121 has a low potential (VSS) and the wiring 122 has a high potential (VDD).
- VSS low potential
- VDD high potential
- FIG. 13B is a timing chart illustrating the operation of the pixel 16b.
- the basic operation is the same as that of the pixel 16a, but the change in the potential of the node FD according to the operation of the photoelectric conversion element 101 is opposite to that of the pixel 16a. Therefore, the pixel 16 b can perform a binary output operation of outputting “H” to the wiring 126 when detecting the bright state and outputting “L” to the wiring 126 when detecting the dark state.
- FIG. 14A is a diagram for explaining a pixel 17a which is a modification of the pixel 11a.
- the pixel 17a has a configuration in which transistors 115, 116, and 117 are added to the pixel 11a.
- the gate of the transistor 115 is electrically connected to the other of the source and the drain of the transistor 102.
- One of the source or the drain of the transistor 115 is electrically connected to one of the source or the drain of the transistor 116.
- One of the source or the drain of the transistor 116 is electrically connected to the gate of the transistor 117.
- One of the source or the drain of the transistor 117 is electrically connected to the other of the source or the drain of the transistor 102. Note that in the configuration of the pixel 17 a, the transistor 115 is an n-ch type, and the transistors 116 and 117 are p-ch types.
- a node HD is a point at which one of the source and the drain of the transistor 115, one of the source and the drain of the transistor 116, and the gate of the transistor 117 are connected.
- the other of the source and the drain of the transistor 115 is electrically connected to the wiring 136.
- the other of the source and the drain of the transistor 116 is electrically connected to the wiring 133.
- the gate of the transistor 116 is electrically connected to the wiring 135.
- the other of the source and the drain of the transistor 117 is electrically connected to the wiring 134.
- the wirings 133, 134, and 136 can function as power supply lines. In the configuration of the pixel 17a, the wirings 133 and 134 have high potential (VDD), and the wiring 136 has low potential (GND or the like).
- the wiring 135 can function as a signal line for controlling the operation of the transistor 116.
- the potential of the wiring 125 is “L” and the potential of the wiring 135 is “H” in the period T2
- the potential of the node FD is increased according to the operation of the photoelectric conversion element 101 (accumulation operation). Also, the node HD is held at high potential.
- the transistor 115 When the potential of the node FD reaches the threshold voltage of the transistor 115, the transistor 115 is turned on and the potential of the node HD starts to decrease. Then, when the potential of the node HD reaches the threshold voltage of the transistor 117, the transistor 117 is turned on, and the potential of the node FD is rapidly increased. These operations are repeated and the potential of node FD is rapidly saturated.
- the potential of the wiring 124 is “L” in the period T3
- the potential of the node FD is held, and thus the potential output to the wiring 126 is fixed at “L”.
- the read operation may be performed after the period T3.
- the pixel 17a In the period T2, the pixel 17a outputs “H” to the wiring 126 immediately before the transistor 115 is turned on (corresponding to a dark state). In addition, when the transistor 115 is turned on (corresponding to a bright state), “L” is output to the wiring 126.
- the inverter circuit INV1 causes a delay in operation at the initial stage of the change of the potential of the node FD, and inverts in response to a rapid change of the potential of the node FD, so that substantially no transient state occurs. Therefore, the pixel 17a can perform a binary output operation of outputting "L” to the wiring 126 when a bright state is detected, and outputting "H” to the wiring 126 when a dark state is detected.
- the threshold voltage of the transistor 115 by controlling the threshold voltage of the transistor 115, the potential of the node FD corresponding to the upper limit of the dark state can be determined. Therefore, as the transistor 115, an OS transistor whose threshold voltage can be easily adjusted by the second gate is preferably applied.
- FIG. 15A is a diagram for explaining a pixel 17 b in which the connection direction of the photoelectric conversion element 101 is the reverse of the pixel 17 a.
- the cathode side of the photoelectric conversion element 101 is connected to one of the source and the drain of the transistor 102, and the potential of the node FD is reset to a high potential to operate. Therefore, the wiring 121 has a low potential (VSS) and the wiring 122 has a high potential (VDD). Further, the wiring 136 is set to a high potential (VDD), and the wirings 133 and 134 are set to a low potential (VSS).
- the transistor 115 is a p-ch type, and the transistors 116 and 117 are n-ch types. The other configuration is the same as that of the pixel 17a.
- FIG. 15B is a timing chart illustrating the operation of the pixel 17b.
- the basic operation is the same as that of the pixel 17a, but the change in the potential of the node FD according to the operation of the photoelectric conversion element 101 is opposite to that of the pixel 17a. Therefore, the pixel 17 b can perform a binary output operation of outputting “H” to the wiring 126 when a bright state is detected and outputting “L” to the wiring 126 when a dark state is detected.
- the transistors 116 and 117 are n-ch transistors, an OS transistor can be applied. Therefore, the potential holding capability of the nodes FD and HD can be increased, and the operation can be stabilized.
- the transistor 117 is a p-ch type at the node FD, and a Si transistor is applied.
- the Si transistor has a relatively large leak current, and the potential of the node FD may change unnecessarily. Therefore, as illustrated in FIG. 16A, an n-ch transistor 120 may be provided between the node FD and the transistor 117.
- the OS transistor By applying the OS transistor to the transistor 120, change in the potential of the node FD due to the leak current of the transistor 117 can be suppressed.
- the transistor 120 may be provided between the node FD and the inverter circuit INV1.
- the transistor 120 may be provided between the node FD and the inverter circuit INV1.
- FIG. 17A is a block diagram illustrating an imaging device including a plurality of pixels of one embodiment of the present invention described above.
- the imaging device includes a pixel array 180, a circuit 170, a circuit 171, and a circuit 172.
- the pixel array 180 has circuits 160 arranged in a matrix.
- the transistor 152 is added to the pixels 11a to 17b described above or their modified examples. As illustrated in FIG. 17B, in the transistor 152, either the source or the drain may be electrically connected to the wiring 126 in each pixel. The other of the source and the drain of the transistor 152 is connected to the wiring 136, and the gate is electrically connected to the wiring 137.
- the transistor 152 has a function as a transistor for selecting a pixel, and outputs data to the wiring 136 from the pixel for which the selection signal is input to the wiring 137.
- the circuit 160 is electrically connected to the circuit 170 through the wiring 137, and the circuit 160 is electrically connected to the circuit 171 through the wiring 136.
- the circuit 170 can have a function as a row driver.
- the circuit 170 can use, for example, a decoder or a shift register.
- the circuit 170 can select a read row and can output a signal generated by the circuit 160 to the wiring 136.
- the circuit 171 can have a function as a reading circuit.
- the circuit 171 can include, for example, a comparator circuit. The signal potential input from the circuit 171 to the comparator circuit is compared with a constant potential serving as a reference, and “H” or “L” is output from the comparator circuit.
- the pixels 11 a to 13 b may output signals closer to the intermediate potential than “H” or “L”, but the operation of the circuit 171 can make those signals be ideal binary values. Note that since a binarized signal can be output to the pixels 14a to 17b, a latch circuit or the like may be used as the circuit 171.
- the circuit 172 can have a function as a column driver.
- the circuit 172 can use, for example, a decoder or a shift register.
- the readout column can be selected by the circuit 172, and the binary signal generated by the circuit 171 or the binary signal output from the circuit 160 can be output to the wiring 138.
- connection destination of the wiring 138 is not limited.
- a neural network, a storage device, a display device, a communication device or the like can be used as the connection destination.
- processing such as character recognition and shape recognition can be performed with high accuracy.
- Embodiment Mode 1 a structural example of a semiconductor device which can be used for a neural network which can be used for the application described in Embodiment Mode 1 will be described.
- the neural network NN can be configured by an input layer IL, an output layer OL, and an intermediate layer (hidden layer) HL.
- Each of the input layer IL, the output layer OL, and the intermediate layer HL has one or more neurons (units).
- the intermediate layer HL may be a single layer or two or more layers.
- a neural network having two or more intermediate layers HL can be called DNN (deep neural network), and learning using a deep neural network can also be called deep learning.
- Input data is input to each neuron in the input layer IL, an output signal of a neuron in the front or rear layer is input to each neuron in the intermediate layer HL, and an output from a neuron in the front layer is input to each neuron in the output layer OL A signal is input.
- Each neuron may be connected to all neurons in the previous and subsequent layers (total connection) or may be connected to some neurons.
- FIG. 18B shows an example of operation by a neuron.
- a neuron N and two neurons in the front layer outputting signals to the neuron N are shown.
- the output x 1 of the anterior layer neuron and the output x 2 of the anterior layer neuron are input to the neuron N.
- the operation by the neuron includes the operation of adding the product of the output of the anterior layer neuron and the weight, that is, the product-sum operation (x 1 w 1 + x 2 w 2 above ).
- This product-sum operation may be performed on software using a program or may be performed by hardware.
- a product-sum operation circuit can be used.
- a digital circuit or an analog circuit may be used as this product-sum operation circuit.
- an analog circuit is used for the product-sum operation circuit. Therefore, the processing speed can be improved and the power consumption can be reduced by reducing the circuit scale of the product-sum operation circuit or reducing the number of accesses to the memory.
- the product-sum operation circuit may be configured by a Si transistor or may be configured by an OS transistor.
- the OS transistor since the OS transistor has extremely small off-state current, the OS transistor is suitable as a transistor forming an analog memory of a product-sum operation circuit.
- the product-sum operation circuit may be configured using both a Si transistor and an OS transistor.
- FIG. 19 shows a configuration example of a semiconductor device MAC having a function of performing computation of a neural network.
- the semiconductor device MAC has a function of performing a product-sum operation of first data corresponding to coupling strength (weight) between neurons and second data corresponding to input data.
- each of the first data and the second data can be analog data or multivalued data (discrete data).
- the semiconductor device MAC has a function of converting data obtained by the product-sum operation using an activation function.
- the semiconductor device MAC includes a cell array CA, a current source circuit CS, a current mirror circuit CM, a circuit WDD, a circuit WLD, a circuit CLD, an offset circuit OFST, and an activation function circuit ACTV.
- Cell array CA has a plurality of memory cells MC and a plurality of memory cells MCref.
- a memory cell MC (MC [1,1] to [m, n]) of m rows and n columns (m, n is an integer of 1 or more) and m memory cells MCref (MCref) are shown.
- An example of a configuration having [1] to [m] is shown.
- Memory cell MC has a function of storing first data.
- the memory cell MCref has a function of storing reference data used for product-sum operation.
- the reference data can be analog data or multivalued data.
- the memory cell MC [i, j] (i is an integer of 1 to m and j is an integer of 1 to n) includes the wiring WL [i], the wiring RW [i], the wiring WD [j], and the wiring BL Connected with [j].
- the memory cell MCref [i] is connected to the wiring WL [i], the wiring RW [i], the wiring WDref, and the wiring BLref.
- the memory cell MC [i, j] to the wiring BL [j] the current flowing between denoted as I MC [i, j], the current flowing between the memory cell MCref [i] and the wiring BLref I MCref [ i] .
- FIG. 20 shows memory cells MC [1,1], [2,1] and memory cells MCref [1], [2] as representative examples, but the same applies to other memory cells MC and memory cells MCref.
- the configuration of can be used.
- Each of the memory cell MC and the memory cell MCref includes transistors Tr11 and Tr12 and a capacitive element C11.
- the transistors Tr11 and Tr12 are n-channel transistors is described.
- the gate of the transistor Tr11 is connected to the wiring WL, one of the source or drain is connected to the gate of the transistor Tr12 and the first electrode of the capacitive element C11, and the other is connected to the wiring WD It is done.
- One of the source and the drain of the transistor Tr12 is connected to the wiring BL, and the other of the source and the drain is connected to the wiring VR.
- the second electrode of the capacitive element C11 is connected to the wiring RW.
- the wiring VR is a wiring having a function of supplying a predetermined potential.
- a low power supply potential such as a ground potential
- a node connected to one of the source and the drain of the transistor Tr11, the gate of the transistor Tr12, and the first electrode of the capacitor C11 is a node NM.
- the nodes NM of the memory cells MC [1,1] and [2,1] are denoted as nodes NM [1,1] and [2,1], respectively.
- Memory cell MCref also has a configuration similar to that of memory cell MC. However, the memory cell MCref is connected to the wiring WDref instead of the wiring WD, and is connected to the wiring BLref instead of the wiring BL. In memory cells MCref [1] and [2], one of the source and the drain of transistor Tr11, the gate of transistor Tr12, and the node connected to the first electrode of capacitive element C11 are node NMref [1], respectively. And [2].
- the node NM and the node NMref function as holding nodes of the memory cell MC and the memory cell MCref, respectively.
- the node NM holds the first data
- the node NMref holds reference data.
- currents I MC [1 , 1] and I MC [2, 1] flow from the wiring BL [1] to the transistors Tr 12 of the memory cells MC [1, 1] and [2, 1], respectively.
- currents I MCref [1] and I MCref [2] flow from the wiring BLref to the transistors Tr12 of the memory cells MCref [1] and [2], respectively.
- the off-state current of the transistor Tr11 is preferably small. Therefore, it is preferable to use an OS transistor with extremely small off-state current as the transistor Tr11. Accordingly, fluctuation of the potential of the node NM or the node NMref can be suppressed, and the calculation accuracy can be improved. Further, the frequency of the operation of refreshing the potential of the node NM or the node NMref can be suppressed low, and power consumption can be reduced.
- the transistor Tr12 is not particularly limited, and, for example, a Si transistor or an OS transistor can be used.
- an OS transistor is used as the transistor Tr12, the transistor Tr12 can be manufactured using the same manufacturing apparatus as the transistor Tr11, and the manufacturing cost can be suppressed.
- the transistor Tr12 may be an n-channel type or a p-channel type.
- the current source circuit CS is connected to the wirings BL [1] to [n] and the wiring BLref.
- the current source circuit CS has a function of supplying current to the wirings BL [1] to [n] and the wiring BLref.
- the current values supplied to the wirings BL [1] to [n] may be different from the current values supplied to the wiring BLref.
- the current supplied from the current source circuit CS to the wirings BL [1] to [n] is denoted as I C
- the current supplied from the current source circuit CS to the wiring BLref is denoted as I Cref .
- the current mirror circuit CM includes interconnects IL [1] to [n] and an interconnect ILref.
- the wirings IL [1] to [n] are connected to the wirings BL [1] to [n], respectively, and the wiring ILref is connected to the wiring BLref.
- connection points of the wirings IL [1] to [n] and the wirings BL [1] to [n] are denoted as nodes NP [1] to [n].
- a connection point between the wiring ILref and the wiring BLref is denoted as a node NPref.
- the current mirror circuit CM has a function of causing a current I CM according to the potential of the node NPref to flow through the wiring ILref, and a function of flowing this current I CM also into the wirings IL [1] to [n].
- Figure 19 is discharged current I CM from the wiring BLref to the wiring ILref
- wiring BL [1] to the wiring from the [n] IL [1] to [n] to the current I CM is an example to be discharged .
- currents flowing from the current mirror circuit CM to the cell array CA through the wirings BL [1] to [n] are denoted as I B [1] to [n].
- the current flowing from the current mirror circuit CM to the cell array CA via the wiring BLref is denoted as I Bref .
- the circuit WDD is connected to the wirings WD [1] to [n] and the wiring WDref.
- the circuit WDD has a function of supplying a potential corresponding to the first data stored in the memory cell MC to the wirings WD [1] to [n].
- the circuit WDD has a function of supplying a potential corresponding to reference data stored in the memory cell MCref to the wiring WDref.
- the circuit WLD is connected to the wirings WL [1] to [m].
- the circuit WLD has a function of supplying a signal for selecting a memory cell MC or a memory cell MCref to which data is written, to the wirings WL [1] to [m].
- the circuit CLD is connected to the wirings RW [1] to [m].
- the circuit CLD has a function of supplying a potential corresponding to the second data to the wirings RW [1] to [m].
- the offset circuit OFST is connected to the wirings BL [1] to [n] and the wirings OL [1] to [n].
- the offset circuit OFST detects the amount of current flowing from the wirings BL [1] to [n] to the offset circuit OFST and / or the amount of change in current flowing from the wirings BL [1] to [n] to the offset circuit OFST Have.
- the offset circuit OFST also has a function of outputting the detection result to the wirings OL [1] to [n].
- the offset circuit OFST may output a current corresponding to the detection result to the line OL, or may convert a current corresponding to the detection result to a voltage and output the voltage to the line OL.
- the currents flowing between the cell array CA and the offset circuit OFST are denoted by I ⁇ [1] to [n].
- the offset circuit OFST shown in FIG. 21 includes circuits OC [1] to [n].
- the circuits OC [1] to [n] each include a transistor Tr21, a transistor Tr22, a transistor Tr23, a capacitive element C21, and a resistive element R1.
- the connection relationship of each element is as shown in FIG.
- a node connected to the first electrode of the capacitive element C21 and the first terminal of the resistive element R1 is referred to as a node Na.
- a node connected to the second electrode of the capacitive element C21, one of the source and the drain of the transistor Tr21, and the gate of the transistor Tr22 is referred to as a node Nb.
- the wiring VrefL has a function of supplying a potential Vref
- the wiring VaL has a function of supplying a potential Va
- the wiring VbL has a function of supplying a potential Vb.
- the wiring VDDL has a function of supplying a potential VDD
- the wiring VSSL has a function of supplying a potential VSS.
- the wiring RST has a function of supplying a potential for controlling the conductive state of the transistor Tr21.
- a source follower circuit is configured by the transistor Tr22, the transistor Tr23, the wiring VDDL, the wiring VSSL, and the wiring VbL.
- the potential of the node Na changes to a potential corresponding to the second current and the resistance value of the resistor element R1.
- the transistor Tr21 since the transistor Tr21 is in the off state and the node Nb is in the floating state, the potential of the node Nb changes due to capacitive coupling with the change of the potential of the node Na.
- the change in the potential of the node Na is ⁇ V Na and the capacitive coupling coefficient is 1
- the potential of the node Nb is Va + ⁇ V Na .
- the threshold voltage of the transistor Tr22 is V th
- the potential Va + ⁇ V Na ⁇ V th is output from the wiring OL [1].
- Potential ⁇ V Na is determined according to the amount of change from the first current to the second current, resistance element R1, and potential Vref.
- the resistance element R1 and the potential Vref are known, the amount of change in current flowing from the potential ⁇ V Na to the wiring BL can be obtained.
- a signal corresponding to the amount of current detected by the offset circuit OFST and / or the amount of change in current is input to the activation function circuit ACTV through the wirings OL [1] to [n].
- the activation function circuit ACTV is connected to the wirings OL [1] to [n] and the wirings NIL [1] to [n].
- the activation function circuit ACTV has a function of performing an operation for converting a signal input from the offset circuit OFST in accordance with a previously defined activation function.
- a sigmoid function, a tanh function, a softmax function, a ReLU function, a threshold function or the like can be used.
- the signals converted by the activation function circuit ACTV are output to the wirings NIL [1] to [n] as output data.
- the product-sum operation of the first data and the second data can be performed using the above-described semiconductor device MAC.
- an operation example of the semiconductor device MAC when performing a product-sum operation will be described.
- FIG. 22 shows a timing chart of an operation example of the semiconductor device MAC.
- the wiring WL [1], the wiring WL [2], the wiring WD [1], the wiring WDref, the node NM [1,1], the node NM [2,1], and the node NMref [1] in FIG. The transition of the potential of the node NMref [2], the wiring RW [1], and the wiring RW [2], and the transition of the values of the current I B [1] -I ⁇ [1] and the current I Bref .
- the current I B [1] -I ⁇ [1] corresponds to the sum of the currents flowing from the wiring BL [1] to the memory cells MC [1, 1] and [2, 1].
- the memory cell MC [1,1] and the transistor Tr11 having a memory cell MCref [1] is turned on and node NM potential of [1,1] is V PR -V W [1,1], the node NMref The potential of [1] becomes VPR .
- the current I MC [1, 1], 0 flowing from the wiring BL [1] to the transistor Tr12 of the memory cell MC [1, 1] can be expressed by the following equation.
- k is a constant determined by the channel length, channel width, mobility, and the capacity of the gate insulating film of the transistor Tr12.
- V th is a threshold voltage of the transistor Tr12.
- the potential of the wiring WL [1] becomes low. Accordingly, the transistor Tr11 included in the memory cell MC [1,1] and the memory cell MCref [1] is turned off, and the potentials of the node NM [1,1] and the node NMref [1] are held.
- the transistor Tr11 As described above, it is preferable to use an OS transistor as the transistor Tr11. Thus, the leak current of the transistor Tr11 can be suppressed, and the potentials of the node NM [1,1] and the node NMref [1] can be accurately held.
- the potential of the wiring WL [2] becomes the high level
- the potential of the wiring WD [1] becomes V PR -V W [2,1] greater potential than the ground potential
- of the wiring WDref potential becomes the V PR greater potential than the ground potential.
- the potential V W [2, 1] is a potential corresponding to the first data stored in the memory cell MC [2, 1].
- the memory cell MC [2,1] and the transistor Tr11 having a memory cell MCref [2] are turned on, the node NM potential of [1,1] is V PR -V W [2,1], the node NMref The potential of [1] becomes VPR .
- the potential of the wiring WL [2] becomes low. Accordingly, the transistor Tr11 included in the memory cell MC [2,1] and the memory cell MCref [2] is turned off, and the potentials of the node NM [2,1] and the node NMref [2] are held.
- the first data is stored in the memory cells MC [1,1], [2,1], and the reference data is stored in the memory cells MCref [1], [2].
- the current from the current source circuit CS is supplied to the wiring BL [1]. Further, the current flowing through the wiring BL [1] is discharged to the current mirror circuit CM and the memory cells MC [1,1] and [2,1]. In addition, a current flows from the wiring BL [1] to the offset circuit OFST. Assuming that the current supplied from the current source circuit CS to the wiring BL [1] is I C, 0 and the current flowing from the wiring BL [1] to the offset circuit OFST is I ⁇ , 0 , the following equation is established.
- I C ⁇ I CM, 0 I MC [1,1], 0 + I MC [2,1], 0 + I ⁇ , 0 (E6)
- the potential of the wiring RW [1] is higher than the reference potential by V X [1] .
- the potential V X [1] is supplied to the capacitive element C11 of each of the memory cell MC [1,1] and the memory cell MCref [1], and the potential of the gate of the transistor Tr12 rises due to capacitive coupling.
- the potential V x [1] is a potential corresponding to the second data supplied to the memory cell MC [1, 1] and the memory cell MCref [1].
- the amount of change in the potential of the gate of the transistor Tr12 is a value obtained by multiplying the amount of change in the potential of the wiring RW by the capacitive coupling coefficient determined by the configuration of the memory cell.
- the capacitive coupling coefficient is calculated by the capacitance of the capacitive element C11, the gate capacitance of the transistor Tr12, the parasitic capacitance, and the like.
- the capacitive coupling coefficient is one.
- the potential V x may be determined in consideration of the capacitive coupling coefficient.
- V X [1] When potential V X [1] is supplied to capacitive element C11 of memory cell MC [1] and memory cell MCref [1], the potentials of nodes NN [1] and NMref [1] are V X [1], respectively . To rise.
- the current I MC [1, 1], 1 that flows from the wiring BL [1] to the transistor Tr12 of the memory cell MC [1, 1] at time T05 to T06 can be expressed by the following equation.
- the current flowing to the wiring BL [1] and the wiring BLref will be considered.
- the current I Cref is supplied from the current source circuit CS to the wiring BLref. Further, the current flowing through the wiring BLref is discharged to the current mirror circuit CM and the memory cells MCref [1] and [2]. Assuming that the current discharged from the wiring BLref to the current mirror circuit CM is I CM, 1 , the following equation is established.
- the current I C is supplied from the current source circuit CS to the wiring BL [1]. Further, the current flowing through the wiring BL [1] is discharged to the current mirror circuit CM and the memory cells MC [1,1] and [2,1]. Further, current flows from the wiring BL [1] to the offset circuit OFST. Assuming that the current flowing from the wiring BL [1] to the offset circuit OFST is I ⁇ , 1 , the following equation is established.
- I C ⁇ I CM, 1 I MC [1,1], 1 + I MC [2,1], 1 + I ⁇ , 1 (E10)
- the difference between the current I ⁇ , 0 and the current I ⁇ , 1 (difference current ⁇ I ⁇ ) can be expressed by the following equation from the equations (E1) to (E10).
- the differential current ⁇ I ⁇ takes a value corresponding to the product of the potentials V W [1, 1] and V X [1] .
- the potential of the wiring RW [1] becomes the ground potential, and the potentials of the node NM [1,1] and the node NMref [1] become similar to those at time T04 to T05.
- the potential of the wiring RW [1] becomes V X [1] larger than the reference potential
- the potential of the wiring RW [2] is V X [2] larger than the reference potential Supplied.
- potential V X [1] is supplied to capacitive element C11 of each of memory cell MC [1, 1] and memory cell MCref [1], and node NM [1, 1] and node NMref [ The potential of 1] rises by V X [1] .
- V X [2] is supplied to capacitive element C11 of each of memory cell MC [2, 1] and memory cell MCref [2], and node NM [2, 1] and node NMref [2 Each of the potentials of V ] [2] rises.
- the current I MC [2, 1], 1 flowing from the wiring BL [1] to the transistor Tr12 of the memory cell MC [2, 1] at time T07 to T08 can be expressed by the following equation.
- the current I MCref [2], 1 flowing from the wiring BLref to the transistor Tr12 of the memory cell MCref [2] can be expressed by the following equation.
- the current flowing to the wiring BL [1] and the wiring BLref will be considered.
- the current I Cref is supplied from the current source circuit CS to the wiring BLref. Further, the current flowing through the wiring BLref is discharged to the current mirror circuit CM and the memory cells MCref [1] and [2]. Assuming that the current discharged from the wiring BLref to the current mirror circuit CM is I CM, 2 , the following equation holds.
- the current I C is supplied from the current source circuit CS to the wiring BL [1]. Further, the current flowing through the wiring BL [1] is discharged to the current mirror circuit CM and the memory cells MC [1,1] and [2,1]. Further, current flows from the wiring BL [1] to the offset circuit OFST. Assuming that the current flowing from the wiring BL [1] to the offset circuit OFST is I ⁇ , 2 , the following equation is established.
- I C ⁇ I CM, 2 I MC [1,1], 1 + I MC [2,1], 1 + I ⁇ , 2 (E15)
- the difference between the current I ⁇ , 0 and the current I ⁇ , 2 (difference current ⁇ I ⁇ ) is expressed by the following equation from the equations (E1) to (E8) and the equations (E12) to (E15) be able to.
- the difference current ⁇ I ⁇ is obtained by adding the product of the potential V W [1, 1] and the potential V X [1] and the product of the potential V W [2, 1] and the potential V X [2]. It becomes a value according to the combined result.
- the differential current ⁇ I ⁇ input to the offset circuit OFST has the potential V X corresponding to the first data (weight) and the second data (input data And the value corresponding to the result of adding the product of the potential V W corresponding to. That is, by measuring the difference current ⁇ I ⁇ with the offset circuit OFST, it is possible to obtain the result of the product-sum operation of the first data and the second data.
- the differential current ⁇ I ⁇ when the number m of rows of the memory cell MC and the memory cell MCref is an arbitrary number can be expressed by the following equation.
- the number of product-sum operations to be executed in parallel can be increased.
- product-sum operation of the first data and the second data can be performed.
- a product-sum operation circuit can be configured with a small number of transistors. Therefore, the circuit scale of the semiconductor device MAC can be reduced.
- the number m of rows of memory cells MC corresponds to the number of input data supplied to one neuron
- the number n of columns of memory cells MC corresponds to the number of neurons Can.
- the number m of rows of memory cells MC is set to the number of input data supplied from the input layer IL (the number of neurons in the input layer IL)
- the number n of columns of memory cells MC is the neurons in the intermediate layer HL It can be set to the number of
- the structure of the neural network to which the semiconductor device MAC is applied is not particularly limited.
- the semiconductor device MAC can also be used for a convolutional neural network (CNN), a recursive neural network (RNN), an auto encoder, a Boltzmann machine (including a restricted Boltzmann machine), and the like.
- CNN convolutional neural network
- RNN recursive neural network
- auto encoder a Boltzmann machine (including a restricted Boltzmann machine), and the like.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram for explaining a pixel 161 having a configuration of the pixel 11a described in the first embodiment and a form of connection with the memory cell 20 corresponding to the memory cell MC. Note that the other pixels described in Embodiment 1 may be replaced with the pixel 11a.
- the pixel 11 a and the memory cell 20 have a configuration in which the wiring 126 and the wiring RW are connected. Therefore, when there are a plurality of pixels 161, it is possible to perform massively parallel processing in which processing is simultaneously performed on all pixels.
- the entire configuration for performing product-sum operation processing can be a configuration in which the circuit CLD is replaced with the pixel 11a in the configuration of the semiconductor device MAC shown in FIG. 19 as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 24 illustrates the minimum configuration of the pixel 161 [1] to be subjected to the calculation and the reference pixel 162 [ref].
- the number of pixels 161 to be calculated is not limited, and may be arranged in a matrix. Further, the reference pixels 162 may be provided for any number of rows of the pixels 161 in any column. Further, the current source circuit CS, the current mirror circuit CM, the circuit WDD, the circuit WLD, the offset circuit OFST, and the activation function circuit ACTV may be provided for each of the plurality of pixels 161.
- the reference pixel 162 [ref] can basically have the same configuration as the pixel 161, but it is preferable to operate the photoelectric conversion element in the dark state to generate reference data. Therefore, it is preferable to provide a light shielding film in the vicinity of at least the photoelectric conversion element included in the reference pixel 162 [ref].
- the Si transistor, the OS transistor, and the photoelectric conversion element included in the pixel 161 can be stacked by forming the layers 563, 562, and 561, respectively.
- FIG. 25A shows a circuit diagram for the sake of clarity, in actuality, the photoelectric conversion element, the Si transistor, and the OS transistor can be formed to have overlapping regions. Therefore, the pixel area can be reduced. Further, the photoelectric conversion element can be overlapped with almost the entire pixel region, and the aperture ratio of the light receiving portion can be increased.
- FIG. 25A shows an example in which the transistor 104 of the inverter circuit INV1 is formed of an OS transistor
- the transistor 104 may be formed of a Si transistor as shown in FIG. 25B.
- all n-ch transistors included in the pixel 161 may be OS transistors and provided in the layer 562.
- the capacitor 106 and the capacitor C11 may be provided in either of the layer 563 and the layer 562.
- both the pixel 11 a and the memory cell 20 can be formed by combining the OS transistor and the Si transistor, the number of manufacturing steps is not increased.
- the data output from the combination of the imaging device and the neural network described above can be used for inference of image analysis.
- the pixels of the imaging device generate various noises, even small noises may cause large changes in data values due to repeated product-sum operations, which adversely affects inference.
- correct inference can be made by learning using teacher data that faithfully reproduces these noises, it is difficult to obtain other than generating teacher data on a real machine, and inference can not be done correctly.
- each pixel can determine the binary value of white or black.
- an existing binary image containing no noise can be used as teacher data as long as it does not affect black-and-white determination (binary determination).
- FIG. 26A illustrates the configuration of pixels included in the imaging device.
- the pixel illustrated in FIG. 26A is an example of a stacked-layer structure of the layer 561, the layer 562, and the layer 563.
- the layer 561 includes the photoelectric conversion element 101.
- the photoelectric conversion element 101 can be a stack of a layer 565a, a layer 565b, and a layer 565c as illustrated in FIG. 26B.
- the photoelectric conversion element 101 illustrated in FIG. 26B is a pn junction photodiode, and for example, ap + -type semiconductor can be used for the layer 565a, an n-type semiconductor for the layer 565b, and an n + -type semiconductor for the layer 565c.
- ap + -type semiconductor may be used for the layer 565a
- a p-type semiconductor may be used for the layer 565b
- a p + -type semiconductor may be used for the layer 565c.
- a pin junction photodiode in which the layer 565b is an i-type semiconductor may be used.
- the pn junction photodiode or pin junction photodiode can be formed using single crystal silicon.
- the pin junction photodiode can be formed using a thin film of amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, or the like.
- the photoelectric conversion element 101 included in the layer 561 may be a stack of the layer 566a, the layer 566b, the layer 566c, and the layer 566d.
- the photoelectric conversion element 101 illustrated in FIG. 26C is an example of an avalanche photodiode, the layer 566a and the layer 566d correspond to electrodes, and the layers 566b and 566c correspond to a photoelectric conversion portion.
- the layer 566a is preferably a low-resistance metal layer or the like.
- a low-resistance metal layer or the like aluminum, titanium, tungsten, tantalum, silver or laminates thereof can be used.
- the layer 566 d is preferably a conductive layer having high transparency to visible light.
- indium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, indium-tin oxide, gallium-zinc oxide, indium-gallium-zinc oxide, or graphene can be used. Note that the layer 566 d may be omitted.
- the layers 566 b and 566 c of the photoelectric conversion portion can be configured as, for example, a pn junction photodiode in which a selenium-based material is used as a photoelectric conversion layer. It is preferable to use a selenium-based material which is a p-type semiconductor as the layer 566 b and a gallium oxide or the like which is an n-type semiconductor as the layer 566 c.
- a photoelectric conversion element using a selenium-based material has high external quantum efficiency with respect to visible light.
- amplification of the electron with respect to the light quantity to inject can be enlarged by utilizing avalanche multiplication.
- a selenium-based material has a high light absorption coefficient, it has a production advantage such as being able to form a photoelectric conversion layer as a thin film.
- the thin film of a selenium-based material can be formed by a vacuum evaporation method, a sputtering method, or the like.
- crystalline selenium such as single crystal selenium or polycrystalline selenium, amorphous selenium, a compound of copper, indium, selenium (CIS), or a compound of copper, indium, gallium, selenium (CIGS), etc. Can be used.
- the n-type semiconductor is preferably formed of a material having a wide band gap and a light transmitting property with respect to visible light.
- a material having a wide band gap and a light transmitting property with respect to visible light For example, zinc oxide, gallium oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, an oxide in which they are mixed, or the like can be used.
- these materials also function as a hole injection blocking layer and can also reduce dark current.
- the layer 562 can include an OS transistor. Specifically, the transistors 102, 103, and 104 in the pixels 11a to 17b can be provided in the layer 562.
- a metal oxide having an energy gap of 2 eV or more, preferably 2.5 eV or more, more preferably 3 eV or more can be used.
- an oxide semiconductor containing indium, or the like, for example, a CAC-OS described later can be used.
- the semiconductor layer is represented by, for example, an In-M-Zn-based oxide containing indium, zinc and M (a metal such as aluminum, titanium, gallium, germanium, yttrium, zirconium, lanthanum, cerium, tin, neodymium or hafnium). It can be a membrane.
- M a metal such as aluminum, titanium, gallium, germanium, yttrium, zirconium, lanthanum, cerium, tin, neodymium or hafnium.
- the oxide semiconductor forming the semiconductor layer is an In-M-Zn-based oxide
- the atomic ratio of metal elements in a sputtering target used for forming the In-M-Zn oxide is In ⁇ M, Zn It is preferable to satisfy ⁇ M.
- the atomic ratio of the semiconductor layer to be formed includes a variation of plus or minus 40% of the atomic ratio of the metal element contained in the sputtering target.
- an oxide semiconductor with low carrier density is used.
- the semiconductor layer has a carrier density of 1 ⁇ 10 17 / cm 3 or less, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 15 / cm 3 or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 13 / cm 3 or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 11 / cm 3 3 or less, more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 10 / cm 3, it is possible to use an oxide semiconductor of 1 ⁇ 10 -9 / cm 3 or more carrier density.
- Such an oxide semiconductor is referred to as a high purity intrinsic or substantially high purity intrinsic oxide semiconductor. Accordingly, the impurity concentration is low and the density of defect states is low, so that the oxide semiconductor can be said to be an oxide semiconductor having stable characteristics.
- composition is not limited to those described above, and a composition having an appropriate composition may be used in accordance with the semiconductor characteristics and electrical characteristics (field effect mobility, threshold voltage, and the like) of the required transistor.
- semiconductor characteristics and electrical characteristics field effect mobility, threshold voltage, and the like
- the concentration of silicon or carbon (the concentration obtained by secondary ion mass spectrometry) in the semiconductor layer is 2 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or less, preferably 2 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 3 or less.
- the concentration of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal (concentration obtained by secondary ion mass spectrometry) in the semiconductor layer is 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or less, preferably 2 ⁇ 10 16 atoms / cm 3 or less make it
- the nitrogen concentration (the concentration obtained by secondary ion mass spectrometry) in the semiconductor layer is preferably 5 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or less.
- the semiconductor layer may have, for example, a non-single crystal structure.
- the non-single crystal structure is, for example, a CAAC-OS (C-Axis Aligned Crystalline Oxide Semiconductor, or a C-Axis Aligned and AB-plane Anchored Crystalline Oxide Semiconductor) having a crystal oriented in the c-axis, a polycrystalline structure, A microcrystalline structure or an amorphous structure is included.
- the amorphous structure has the highest density of defect states
- CAAC-OS has the lowest density of defect states.
- the oxide semiconductor film having an amorphous structure has, for example, disordered atomic arrangement and no crystalline component.
- the oxide film having an amorphous structure has, for example, a completely amorphous structure and no crystal part.
- the semiconductor layer may be a mixed film having two or more of a region having an amorphous structure, a region having a microcrystalline structure, a region having a polycrystalline structure, a region having a CAAC-OS, and a region having a single crystal structure.
- the mixed film may have, for example, a single layer structure or a laminated structure including any two or more of the above-described regions.
- CAC Cloud-Aligned Composite
- the CAC-OS is, for example, a configuration of a material in which an element included in an oxide semiconductor is unevenly distributed in a size of 0.5 nm to 10 nm, preferably 1 nm to 2 nm, or in the vicinity thereof.
- an element included in an oxide semiconductor is unevenly distributed in a size of 0.5 nm to 10 nm, preferably 1 nm to 2 nm, or in the vicinity thereof.
- the oxide semiconductor one or more metal elements are unevenly distributed, and a region including the metal element has a size of 0.5 nm or more and 10 nm or less, preferably 1 nm or more and 2 nm or less
- the state of mixing in is also called mosaic or patch.
- the oxide semiconductor preferably contains at least indium.
- One or more selected from the above may be included.
- CAC-OS in the In-Ga-Zn oxide is an indium oxide (hereinafter referred to as InO).
- InO indium oxide
- X1 X1 is a real number greater than 0
- indium zinc oxide hereinafter, In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 (X2, Y2, and Z2 are real numbers greater than 0)
- GaO X3 X3 is a real number greater than 0)
- Ga X4 Zn Y4 O Z4 X4, Y4, and Z4 are real numbers greater than 0) to.
- the material becomes mosaic by separate into, mosaic InO X1 or in X2 Zn Y2 O Z2, is a configuration in which uniformly distributed in the film (hereinafter Also referred to as a cloud-like.)
- the CAC-OS is a complex oxide semiconductor having a structure in which a region in which GaO X3 is a main component and a region in which In X 2 Zn Y 2 O Z 2 or InO X 1 is a main component are mixed.
- the ratio of the atomic ratio of In to the element M in the first region is larger than the atomic ratio of In to the element M in the second region, It is assumed that the concentration of In is higher than that in the region 2.
- IGZO is a common name and may refer to one compound of In, Ga, Zn, and O. Representative examples are represented by InGaO 3 (ZnO) m1 (m1 is a natural number), or In (1 + x0) Ga ( 1-x0) O 3 (ZnO) m0 (-1 ⁇ x0 ⁇ 1, m0 is an arbitrary number) Crystalline compounds are mentioned.
- the crystalline compound has a single crystal structure, a polycrystalline structure, or a CAAC structure.
- the CAAC structure is a crystal structure in which a plurality of IGZO nanocrystals have c-axis orientation and are connected without orientation in the a-b plane.
- CAC-OS relates to the material configuration of an oxide semiconductor.
- the CAC-OS refers to a region observed in the form of nanoparticles mainly composed of Ga in a material configuration including In, Ga, Zn, and O, and nanoparticles composed mainly of In in some components.
- region observed in shape says the structure currently disperse
- CAC-OS does not include a stacked structure of two or more types of films different in composition. For example, a structure including two layers of a film containing In as a main component and a film containing Ga as a main component is not included.
- the CAC-OS may be a region observed in the form of nanoparticles mainly composed of the metal element, and a nano mainly composed of In as a main component.
- region observed in particle form says the structure currently each disperse
- the CAC-OS can be formed by, for example, a sputtering method under conditions in which the substrate is not intentionally heated.
- one or more selected from an inert gas (typically, argon), an oxygen gas, and a nitrogen gas may be used as a deposition gas.
- an inert gas typically, argon
- oxygen gas typically, oxygen gas
- a nitrogen gas may be used as a deposition gas.
- the flow rate ratio of the oxygen gas to the total flow rate of the film forming gas at the time of film formation is preferably as low as possible.
- the flow rate ratio of the oxygen gas is preferably 0% to less than 30%, .
- CAC-OS has a feature that a clear peak is not observed when it is measured using a ⁇ / 2 ⁇ scan by the Out-of-plane method, which is one of X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement methods. Have. That is, it can be understood from X-ray diffraction that the orientation in the a-b plane direction and the c-axis direction of the measurement region is not seen.
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- the CAC-OS has a ring-like high luminance region and a plurality of ring regions. A bright spot is observed. Therefore, it can be seen from the electron diffraction pattern that the crystal structure of the CAC-OS has an nc (nano-crystal) structure having no orientation in the planar direction and in the cross-sectional direction.
- GaO X3 is a main component by EDX mapping acquired using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX: Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) It can be confirmed that the region and the region containing In X 2 Zn Y 2 O Z 2 or In O X 1 as the main component have a structure in which the regions are localized and mixed.
- EDX Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- the CAC-OS has a structure different from the IGZO compound in which the metal element is uniformly distributed, and has different properties from the IGZO compound. That is, CAC-OS is phase-separated into a region in which GaO X3 or the like is a main component and a region in which In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 or InO X1 is a main component, and a region in which each element is a main component Has a mosaic-like structure.
- the region whose main component is In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 or InO X1 is a region whose conductivity is higher than the region whose main component is GaO X3 or the like. That is, when carriers flow in a region mainly containing In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 or InO X1 , conductivity as an oxide semiconductor is exhibited. Therefore, high field-effect mobility ( ⁇ ) can be realized by cloud-like distribution in a region of the oxide semiconductor of a region containing In X 2 Zn Y 2 O Z 2 or InO X 1 as a main component.
- the region in which GaO X3 or the like is a main component is a region in which the insulating property is higher than the region in which In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 or InO X1 is a main component. That is, by distributing a region containing GaO X 3 or the like as a main component in the oxide semiconductor, leakage current can be suppressed and favorable switching operation can be realized.
- CAC-OS when CAC-OS is used for a semiconductor element, the insulating property caused by GaO X3 and the like and the conductivity caused by In X 2 Zn Y 2 O Z 2 or InO X 1 act complementarily to achieve high results. On current (I on ) and high field effect mobility ( ⁇ ) can be realized.
- CAC-OS is suitable as a constituent material of various semiconductor devices.
- a silicon substrate can be used as the layer 563.
- the silicon substrate has a Si transistor or the like.
- a circuit for driving the pixel circuit, an image signal reading circuit, an image processing circuit, and the like can be provided using the Si transistor.
- the transistor 105 included in the pixels 11 a to 17 b and the other p-ch transistors and the transistor Tr 12 included in the memory cell MC can be provided in the layer 563.
- part or all of elements such as transistors included in the current source circuit CS, the current mirror circuit CM, the circuit WDD, the circuit WLD, the offset circuit OFST, the activation function circuit ACTV, and the like can be provided in the layer 563.
- the elements forming the pixel circuit and the peripheral circuit can be dispersed in a plurality of layers, and the elements or the element and the peripheral circuit can be provided so as to overlap with each other. It can be made smaller.
- FIG. 27A is a view for explaining an example of the cross section of the pixel shown in FIG.
- the layer 561 includes, as the photoelectric conversion element 101, a pn junction photodiode in which silicon is used as a photoelectric conversion layer.
- the layer 562 includes an OS transistor, and in FIG. 27A, the transistor 102 of the pixel 11a is illustrated.
- the layer 563 includes a Si transistor.
- FIG. 27A illustrates an n-ch transistor 104 and a p-ch transistor 105 which constitute the inverter circuit INV1 of the pixel 11a.
- the layer 565a can be a p + -type region
- the layer 565b can be an n-type region
- the layer 565c can be an n + -type region.
- a region 536 for connecting the power supply line and the layer 565c is provided in the layer 565b.
- region 536 can be a p + -type region.
- the OS transistor is a self-aligned structure, but as shown in FIG. 28A, the OS transistor may be a non-self-aligned top gate transistor.
- the transistor 102 is illustrated as having a back gate 535 (second gate), but may have a configuration without the back gate 535.
- the back gate 535 may be electrically connected to the front gate (first gate) of a transistor provided opposite to the back gate 535.
- the back gate 535 may be supplied with a fixed potential different from that of the front gate.
- the Si transistor is a planar type having a channel formation region in a silicon substrate 540.
- a fin is formed on the silicon substrate 540. It may be configured to have a semiconductor layer of a type. 28C corresponds to a cross section in the channel length direction, and FIG. 28D corresponds to a cross section in the channel width direction.
- the transistor may be a transistor including a semiconductor layer 545 of a silicon thin film.
- the semiconductor layer 545 can be, for example, single crystal silicon (SOI (Silicon on Insulator)) formed over the insulating layer 546 over the silicon substrate 540.
- SOI Silicon on Insulator
- An insulating layer 543 having a function of preventing diffusion of hydrogen is provided between the region where the OS transistor is formed and the region where the Si transistor is formed. Hydrogen in the insulating layer provided in the vicinity of the channel formation region of the Si transistor terminates dangling bonds of silicon. On the other hand, hydrogen in the insulating layer provided in the vicinity of the channel formation region of the OS transistor is one of the factors generating carriers in the oxide semiconductor layer.
- the insulating layer 543 can improve the reliability of the Si transistor by confining hydrogen in one of the layers. Further, by suppressing the diffusion of hydrogen from one layer to the other layer, the reliability of the OS transistor can also be improved.
- the insulating layer 543 for example, aluminum oxide, aluminum oxynitride, gallium oxide, gallium oxide, yttrium oxide, yttrium oxide, hafnium oxide, hafnium oxide, yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ), or the like can be used.
- aluminum oxide, aluminum oxynitride, gallium oxide, gallium oxide, yttrium oxide, yttrium oxide, hafnium oxide, hafnium oxide, yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ), or the like can be used.
- FIG. 27A illustrates a configuration example in which electrical connection between an element included in the layer 561 and an element included in the layer 562 is obtained by a bonding technique.
- the layer 561 is provided with an insulating layer 542, a conductive layer 533, and a conductive layer 534.
- the conductive layer 533 and the conductive layer 534 each have a region embedded in the insulating layer 542.
- the conductive layer 533 is electrically connected to the layer 565a.
- the conductive layer 534 is electrically connected to the region 536.
- the surfaces of the insulating layer 542, the conductive layer 533, and the conductive layer 534 are planarized so that the heights thereof coincide with each other.
- the layer 562 is provided with an insulating layer 541, a conductive layer 531, and a conductive layer 532.
- the conductive layer 531 and the conductive layer 532 each have a region embedded in the insulating layer 541.
- the conductive layer 531 is electrically connected to the power supply line.
- the conductive layer 532 is electrically connected to the source or the drain of the transistor 102.
- the surfaces of the insulating layer 541, the conductive layer 531, and the conductive layer 532 are planarized so that the heights thereof coincide with each other.
- the conductive layer 531 and the conductive layer 533 be metal elements whose main components are the same.
- the conductive layer 532 and the conductive layer 534 preferably each include the same metal element as the main component.
- the insulating layer 541 and the insulating layer 542 preferably include the same components.
- Cu, Al, Sn, Zn, W, Ag, Pt, Au, or the like can be used for the conductive layers 531 532 533 534.
- Cu, Al, W or Au is used because of ease of bonding.
- silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, titanium nitride, or the like can be used for the insulating layers 541 and 542.
- the same metal material described above is preferably used for each of the combination of the conductive layer 531 and the conductive layer 533 and the combination of the conductive layer 532 and the conductive layer 534.
- the same insulating material described above is preferably used in each of the insulating layer 541 and the insulating layer 542. With this structure, bonding can be performed with the boundary between the layer 561 and the layer 562 as a bonding position.
- connection of the combination of the conductive layer 531 and the conductive layer 533 and the combination of the conductive layer 532 and the conductive layer 534 can be obtained.
- a connection having mechanical strength between the insulating layer 541 and the insulating layer 542 can be obtained.
- a surface activation bonding method in which the oxide film on the surface, the adsorption layer of impurities and the like are removed by sputtering or the like and the cleaned and activated surfaces are brought into contact with each other.
- a diffusion bonding method of bonding surfaces to each other by using temperature and pressure in combination can be used. In both cases, bonding at the atomic level occurs, so that not only electrical but also mechanically excellent bonding can be obtained.
- the surfaces treated with hydrophilic treatment with oxygen plasma etc. are brought into contact with each other for temporary bonding, and the hydrophilicity is to perform main bonding by dehydration by heat treatment.
- a bonding method or the like can be used.
- Hydrophilic bonding also results in bonding at the atomic level, so that mechanically superior bonding can be obtained.
- an insulating layer and a metal layer are mixed in each bonding surface, and thus, for example, a surface activation bonding method and a hydrophilic bonding method may be performed in combination.
- the surface may be cleaned, the surface of the metal layer may be treated to prevent oxidation, and then the surface may be subjected to hydrophilic treatment for bonding.
- the surface of the metal layer may be made of a non-oxidizable metal such as Au and subjected to hydrophilic treatment.
- FIG. 27B is a cross-sectional view of a case where a pn junction photodiode having a selenium-based material as a photoelectric conversion layer is used for the layer 561 of the pixel shown in FIG. It has a layer 566a as one electrode, layers 566b and 566c as a photoelectric conversion layer, and a layer 566d as the other electrode.
- the layer 561 can be formed directly on the layer 562.
- the layer 566a is electrically connected to the source or the drain of the transistor 102.
- the layer 566 d is electrically connected to the power supply line through the conductive layer 537.
- FIG. 29A is a perspective view illustrating an example in which a color filter or the like is added to a pixel of the imaging device of one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 29A cross sections of a plurality of pixels are also illustrated.
- An insulating layer 580 is formed over the layer 561 in which the photoelectric conversion element 101 is formed.
- the insulating layer 580 can be formed using a silicon oxide film or the like which has high transparency to visible light.
- a silicon nitride film may be stacked as a passivation film.
- a dielectric film such as hafnium oxide may be laminated as an antireflective film.
- a light shielding layer 581 may be formed on the insulating layer 580.
- the light shielding layer 581 has a function of preventing color mixing of light passing through the upper color filter.
- a metal layer such as aluminum or tungsten can be used.
- the metal layer and a dielectric film having a function as an antireflective film may be stacked.
- An organic resin layer 582 can be provided over the insulating layer 580 and the light shielding layer 581 as a planarization film.
- color filters 583 (color filters 583a, 583b, 583c) are formed for each pixel.
- a color image is assigned by assigning colors such as R (red), G (green), B (blue), Y (yellow), C (cyan), M (magenta) to the color filters 583a, 583b, 583c. You can get
- an insulating layer 586 or the like which transmits light with respect to visible light can be provided.
- an optical conversion layer 585 may be used instead of the color filter 583.
- an infrared imaging device can be obtained by using, as the optical conversion layer 585, a filter that blocks light having a wavelength of visible light or less.
- a filter that blocks light of a wavelength less than or equal to the near infrared light is used as the optical conversion layer 585, a far infrared light imaging device can be obtained.
- an ultraviolet imaging device can be obtained.
- a color filter corresponding to visible light may be combined with a filter corresponding to infrared light or ultraviolet light. In such a configuration, features obtained from combinations of data of different wavelengths can be detected.
- an imaging device can be obtained that obtains an image that visualizes the intensity of radiation used for an X-ray imaging device or the like.
- radiation such as X-rays transmitted through an object
- light fluorescent light
- the photoelectric conversion element 101 the imaging device having the configuration may be used as a radiation detector or the like.
- the scintillator contains a substance that absorbs the energy and emits visible light or ultraviolet light when irradiated with radiation such as X-rays or gamma rays.
- Gd 2 O 2 S Tb
- Gd 2 O 2 S Pr
- Gd 2 O 2 S Eu
- BaFCl Eu
- distributed to resin or ceramics can be used.
- a microlens array 584 may be provided on the color filter 583. Light passing through the individual lenses of the microlens array 584 passes through the color filters 583 immediately below and is emitted to the photoelectric conversion element 101. Further, a microlens array 584 may be provided on the optical conversion layer 585 shown in FIG. 29B).
- the configuration of the imaging device can be used for the image sensor chip.
- FIG. 30A1 is an external perspective view of the top side of the package containing the image sensor chip.
- the package includes a package substrate 610 for fixing the image sensor chip 650, a cover glass 620, and an adhesive 630 for bonding the two.
- FIG. 30A2 is an external perspective view of the lower surface side of the package.
- a BGA Bit Grid Array
- solder balls are bumps 640
- LGA Land Grid Array
- PGA Peripheral Component Interconnect Express
- FIG. 30A3 is a perspective view of the package illustrated with the cover glass 420 and a part of the adhesive 630 omitted.
- An electrode pad 660 is formed on the package substrate 410, and the electrode pad 660 and the bump 640 are electrically connected through through holes.
- the electrode pad 660 is electrically connected to the image sensor chip 650 by a wire 670.
- FIG. 30B1 is an external perspective view of the upper surface side of the camera module in which the image sensor chip is housed in a lens integrated type package.
- the camera module includes a package substrate 611 to which the image sensor chip 451 is fixed, a lens cover 621, a lens 635, and the like. Further, an IC chip 690 having a function as a drive circuit of an imaging device and a signal conversion circuit is also provided between the package substrate 611 and the image sensor chip 651, and has a configuration as a system in package (SiP). There is.
- FIG. 30B2 is an appearance perspective view of the lower surface side of the camera module.
- the lower surface and the side surface of the package substrate 611 have a configuration of a quad flat no-lead package (QFN) provided with lands 641 for mounting.
- QFN quad flat no-lead package
- the configuration is an example, and a QFP (Quad Flat Package) or the above-described BGA may be provided.
- FIG. 30 (B3) is a perspective view of the module illustrated with the lens cover 621 and a part of the lens 635 omitted.
- the land 641 is electrically connected to the electrode pad 661, and the electrode pad 661 is electrically connected to the image sensor chip 451 or the IC chip 690 by a wire 671.
- the image sensor chip By mounting the image sensor chip in a package of the above-described form, mounting on a printed circuit board or the like becomes easy, and the image sensor chip can be incorporated into various semiconductor devices and electronic devices.
- Embodiment 4 As an electronic device that can use the imaging device according to one aspect of the present invention, a display device, a personal computer, an image storage device or an image reproduction device provided with a recording medium, a mobile phone, a game machine including a mobile type, a mobile data terminal , E-book reader, video camera, camera such as digital still camera, goggle type display (head mounted display), navigation system, sound reproduction device (car audio, digital audio player etc), copier, facsimile, printer, printer complex machine , Automated teller machines (ATMs), vending machines, etc. Specific examples of these electronic devices are shown in FIGS. 31 (A) to 31 (F).
- FIGS. 31 (A) to 31 (F) Specific examples of these electronic devices are shown in FIGS. 31 (A) to 31 (F).
- FIG. 31A illustrates an example of a mobile phone, which includes a housing 981, a display portion 982, operation buttons 983, an external connection port 984, a speaker 985, a microphone 986, a camera 987, and the like.
- the mobile phone includes the touch sensor in the display portion 982. All operations such as making a call and inputting characters can be performed by touching the display portion 982 with a finger, a stylus, or the like.
- the imaging device of one embodiment of the present invention can be provided as one of components for obtaining an image in the mobile phone.
- FIG. 31B illustrates a portable data terminal, which includes a housing 911, a display portion 912, a speaker 913, a camera 919, and the like.
- Information can be input / output by the touch panel function of the display portion 912.
- characters and the like can be recognized from an image acquired by the camera 919, and the characters can be output as voice by the speaker 913.
- the imaging device of one embodiment of the present invention can be provided as one of components for obtaining an image in the portable data terminal.
- FIG. 31C illustrates a monitoring camera, which includes a support 951, a camera unit 952, a protective cover 953, and the like.
- the camera unit 952 is provided with a rotation mechanism and the like, and by being installed on a ceiling, imaging of the entire surroundings becomes possible.
- the imaging device of one embodiment of the present invention can be provided as one of components for obtaining an image in the camera unit.
- the surveillance camera is a conventional name and does not limit the application.
- a device having a function as a surveillance camera is also called a camera or a video camera.
- 31D illustrates a video camera, which includes a first housing 971, a second housing 972, a display portion 973, operation keys 974, a lens 975, a connection portion 976, a speaker 977, a microphone 978, and the like.
- the operation key 974 and the lens 975 are provided in the first housing 971, and the display unit 973 is provided in the second housing 972.
- the imaging device of one embodiment of the present invention can be provided as one of components for capturing an image in the video camera.
- FIG. 31E illustrates a digital camera, which includes a housing 961, a shutter button 962, a microphone 963, a light emitting portion 967, a lens 965, and the like.
- the imaging device of one embodiment of the present invention can be provided as one of components for capturing an image in the digital camera.
- FIG. 31F illustrates a watch-type information terminal, which includes a display portion 932, a housing and wristband 933, a camera 939, and the like.
- the display unit 932 includes a touch panel for operating the information terminal.
- the display portion 932 and the housing / wristband 933 have flexibility and can be easily worn on the body.
- the imaging device of one embodiment of the present invention can be provided as one of the components for obtaining an image in the information terminal.
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Abstract
Description
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様である撮像装置について、図面を参照して説明する。
図1は、本発明の一態様の撮像装置に用いることができる画素11aを説明する図である。画素11aは、光電変換素子101と、トランジスタ102と、トランジスタ103と、インバータ回路INV1と、容量素子106を有する。インバータ回路INV1はCMOS(complementary metal oxide semiconductor)回路の構成を有し、n−ch型のトランジスタ104と、p−ch型のトランジスタ105を有する。なお、容量素子106を設けない構成としてもよい。
図5(A)は、画素11aの変形例である画素12aを説明する図である。画素12aは、画素11aにトランジスタ110を加えた構成を有する。トランジスタ110のゲートは、配線126と電気的に接続される。トランジスタ110のソースまたはドレインの一方はインバータ回路INV1の入力端子と電気的に接続され、ソースまたはドレインの他方は配線131と電気的に接続される。なお、画素12aの構成において、トランジスタ110はp−ch型とする。
図7(A)は、画素11aの変形例である画素13aを説明する図である。画素13aは、画素11aにインバータ回路INV2を加えた構成を有する。インバータ回路INV2の入力端子は、インバータ回路INV1の出力端子と電気的に接続される。インバータ回路INV2の出力端子は、配線126と電気的に接続される。
図9(A)は、画素12aおよび画素13aの変形例である画素14aを説明する図である。画素14aは、画素12aおよび画素13aの要素を組み合わせた構成を有する。画素14aは、トランジスタ110およびインバータ回路INV2を有する。トランジスタ110のゲートは、ノードADと電気的に接続される。なお、画素14aの構成において、トランジスタ110はp−ch型とする。
図12(A)は、画素13aの変形例である画素16aを説明する図である。画素16aは、画素13aに容量素子114を加えた構成を有する。容量素子114の一方の電極は配線126と電気的に接続される。容量素子114の他方の電極は、インバータ回路INV1の入力端子と電気的に接続される。
図14(A)は、画素11aの変形例である画素17aを説明する図である。画素17aは、画素11aにトランジスタ115、116、117を加えた構成を有する。
図17(A)は、前述した本発明の一態様の画素を複数有する撮像装置を説明するブロック図である。撮像装置は、画素アレイ180、回路170、回路171、および回路172有する。画素アレイ180は、マトリクス状に配置された回路160を有する。
本実施の形態では、実施の形態1で説明した応用例に用いることのできるニューラルネットワークに用いることが可能な半導体装置の構成例について説明する。
図19に、ニューラルネットワークの演算を行う機能を有する半導体装置MACの構成例を示す。半導体装置MACは、ニューロン間の結合強度(重み)に対応する第1のデータと、入力データに対応する第2のデータの積和演算を行う機能を有する。なお、第1のデータおよび第2のデータはそれぞれ、アナログデータまたは多値のデータ(離散的なデータ)とすることができる。また、半導体装置MACは、積和演算によって得られたデータを活性化関数によって変換する機能を有する。
上記の半導体装置MACを用いて、第1のデータと第2のデータの積和演算を行うことができる。以下、積和演算を行う際の半導体装置MACの動作例を説明する。
まず、時刻T01−T02において、配線WL[1]の電位がハイレベルとなり、配線WD[1]の電位が接地電位(GND)よりもVPR−VW[1,1]大きい電位となり、配線WDrefの電位が接地電位よりもVPR大きい電位となる。また、配線RW[1]、および配線RW[2]の電位が基準電位(REFP)となる。なお、電位VW[1,1]はメモリセルMC[1,1]に格納される第1のデータに対応する電位である。また、電位VPRは参照データに対応する電位である。これにより、メモリセルMC[1,1]およびメモリセルMCref[1]が有するトランジスタTr11がオン状態となり、ノードNM[1,1]の電位がVPR−VW[1,1]、ノードNMref[1]の電位がVPRとなる。
次に、時刻T05−T06において、配線RW[1]の電位が基準電位よりもVX[1]大きい電位となる。このとき、メモリセルMC[1,1]、およびメモリセルMCref[1]のそれぞれの容量素子C11には電位VX[1]が供給され、容量結合によりトランジスタTr12のゲートの電位が上昇する。なお、電位Vx[1]はメモリセルMC[1,1]およびメモリセルMCref[1]に供給される第2のデータに対応する電位である。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の撮像装置の構成例などについて説明する。
本発明の一態様に係る撮像装置を用いることができる電子機器として、表示機器、パーソナルコンピュータ、記録媒体を備えた画像記憶装置または画像再生装置、携帯電話、携帯型を含むゲーム機、携帯データ端末、電子書籍端末、ビデオカメラ、デジタルスチルカメラ等のカメラ、ゴーグル型ディスプレイ(ヘッドマウントディスプレイ)、ナビゲーションシステム、音響再生装置(カーオーディオ、デジタルオーディオプレイヤー等)、複写機、ファクシミリ、プリンタ、プリンタ複合機、現金自動預け入れ払い機(ATM)、自動販売機などが挙げられる。これら電子機器の具体例を図31(A)乃至(F)に示す。
Claims (16)
- 光電変換素子と、第1のトランジスタと、第2のトランジスタと、第1のインバータ回路と、を有し、
前記第1のインバータ回路はCMOS回路の構成を有し、
前記光電変換素子の一方の電極は、前記第1のトランジスタのソースまたはドレインの一方と電気的に接続され、
前記第1のトランジスタのソースまたはドレインの他方は、第2のトランジスタのソースまたはドレインの一方と電気的に接続され、
前記第2のトランジスタのソースまたはドレインの一方は、前記第1のインバータ回路の入力端子と電気的に接続され、
前記第1のトランジスタと、前記第2のトランジスタは、チャネル形成領域に金属酸化物を有するトランジスタである撮像装置。 - 請求項1において、
さらに第2のインバータ回路を有し、
前記第2のインバータ回路はCMOS回路の構成を有し、
前記第2のインバータ回路の入力端子は、前記第1のインバータ回路の出力端子と電気的に接続されている撮像装置。 - 請求項1または2において、
さらに第3のトランジスタを有し、
前記第3のトランジスタのゲートは前記第1のインバータ回路の出力端子と電気的に接続され、
前記第3のトランジスタのソースまたはドレインの一方は、前記第1のインバータ回路の入力端子と電気的に接続されている撮像装置。 - 請求項2において、
さらに第4のトランジスタを有し、
前記第4のトランジスタのゲートは前記第2のインバータ回路の出力端子と電気的に接続され、
前記第4のトランジスタのソースまたはドレインの一方は、前記第1のインバータ回路の入力端子と電気的に接続されている撮像装置。 - 請求項2において、
さらに第1の容量素子を有し、
前記第1の容量素子の一方の電極は、前記第2のインバータ回路の出力端子と電気的に接続され、
前記第1の容量素子の他方の電極は、前記第1のインバータ回路の入力端子と電気的に接続されている撮像装置。 - 請求項2において、
さらに第2の容量素子を有し、
前記第2の容量素子の一方の電極は、前記第1のインバータ回路の出力端子と電気的に接続され、
前記第2の容量素子の他方の電極は、前記第1のインバータ回路の入力端子と電気的に接続されている撮像装置。 - 請求項1において、
さらに第5のトランジスタと、第6のトランジスタと、第7のトランジスタと、を有し、
前記第5のトランジスタのソースまたはドレインの一方は、前記第1のトランジスタのソースまたはドレインの他方と電気的に接続され、
前記第5のトランジスタのソースまたはドレインの一方は、前記第6のトランジスタのゲートと電気的に接続され、
前記第6のトランジスタのソースまたはドレインの一方は、前記第7のトランジスタのソースまたはドレインの一方と電気的に接続され、
前記第6のトランジスタのソースまたはドレインの一方は、前記第5のトランジスタのゲートと電気的に接続されている撮像装置。 - 請求項7において、
前記第6のトランジスタと、前記第5のトランジスタおよび前記第7のトランジスタとは、極性が逆である撮像装置。 - 請求項1において、
さらに第8のトランジスタと、第9のトランジスタと、を有し、
前記第8のトランジスタのソースまたはドレインの他方は、第1のトランジスタのソースまたはドレインの他方と電気的に接続され、
前記第9のトランジスタのソースまたはドレインの一方は、前記第1のインバータ回路の電源端子の一方と電気的に接続され、
前記第9のトランジスタのソースまたはドレインの一方は、前記第8のトランジスタのゲートと電気的に接続されている撮像装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記CMOS回路が有するn−ch型トランジスタは、チャネル形成領域に金属酸化物を有する撮像装置。 - 請求項1または10において、
前記金属酸化物は、Inと、Znと、M(MはAl、Ti、Ga、Sn、Y、Zr、La、Ce、NdまたはHf)と、を有する撮像装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記CMOS回路が有するn−ch型トランジスタは、第1のゲートと、第2のゲートと、を有し、
前記第1のゲートと、前記第2のゲートとは、半導体層を介して対向する位置に設けられている撮像装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記光電変換素子は、セレンまたはセレンを含む化合物を有する撮像装置 - 画素部と、メモリ部と、が設けられたブロックを複数有する撮像装置であって、
前記画素部は、
光電変換により第1のデータを取得する機能と、
前記第1のデータを二値化して第2のデータを生成する機能と、
を有し、
前記メモリ部は、
第3のデータを記憶する機能と、
前記第2のデータと、前記第3のデータとを積和演算する機能と、
を有する撮像装置。 - 請求項14において、
前記画素部は、
光電変換素子と、第1のトランジスタと、第2のトランジスタと、インバータ回路と、を有し、
前記光電変換素子の一方の電極は、前記第1のトランジスタのソースまたはドレインの一方と電気的に接続され、
前記第1のトランジスタのソースまたはドレインの他方は、前記第2のトランジスタのソースまたはドレインの一方と電気的に接続され、
前記第2のトランジスタのソースまたはドレインの一方は、前記インバータ回路の入力端子と電気的に接続され、
前記メモリ部は、
容量素子と、第3のトランジスタと、第4のトランジスタと、を有し、
前記容量素子の一方の電極は前記インバータ回路の出力端子と電気的に接続され、
前記容量素子の他方の電極は、第3のトランジスタのソースまたはドレインの一方と電気的に接続され、
前記第3のトランジスタのソースまたはドレインの一方は、前記第4のトランジスタのゲートと電気的に接続されている撮像装置。 - 請求項1または14に記載の撮像装置と、スピーカと、を有する電子機器。
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US20210151486A1 (en) | 2021-05-20 |
JP2023029438A (ja) | 2023-03-03 |
KR20200024151A (ko) | 2020-03-06 |
US20220216254A1 (en) | 2022-07-07 |
DE112018003617T5 (de) | 2020-06-04 |
CN110870299A (zh) | 2020-03-06 |
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US11302726B2 (en) | 2022-04-12 |
US11848340B2 (en) | 2023-12-19 |
JP7467587B2 (ja) | 2024-04-15 |
CN110870299B (zh) | 2022-08-12 |
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