WO2019004967A2 - Échangeur de chaleur à surfaces de transfert thermique améliorées - Google Patents

Échangeur de chaleur à surfaces de transfert thermique améliorées Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019004967A2
WO2019004967A2 PCT/TR2018/050131 TR2018050131W WO2019004967A2 WO 2019004967 A2 WO2019004967 A2 WO 2019004967A2 TR 2018050131 W TR2018050131 W TR 2018050131W WO 2019004967 A2 WO2019004967 A2 WO 2019004967A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat transfer
heat
heat exchanger
boiling
archaea
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/TR2018/050131
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2019004967A3 (fr
Inventor
Ali Kosar
Devrim GÖZÜACIK
Abdolali KHALILI SADAGHIANI
Yunus AKKOC
Ahmadreza MOTAZAKKER
Original Assignee
Sabanci Üniversitesi
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sabanci Üniversitesi filed Critical Sabanci Üniversitesi
Priority to JP2019554508A priority Critical patent/JP6852241B2/ja
Priority to EP18822688.0A priority patent/EP3610217B1/fr
Priority to US16/603,599 priority patent/US11473856B2/en
Priority to ES18822688T priority patent/ES2835342T3/es
Publication of WO2019004967A2 publication Critical patent/WO2019004967A2/fr
Publication of WO2019004967A3 publication Critical patent/WO2019004967A3/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
    • F28F13/185—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings
    • F28F13/187—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings especially adapted for evaporator surfaces or condenser surfaces, e.g. with nucleation sites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2255/00—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes
    • F28F2255/20—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes with nanostructures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to surface enhancement in heat exchangers. More specifically, the present invention relates to a phase change heat exchanger having heat transfer surfaces coated with hyperthermophilic bacteria.
  • boiling Due to latent heat at phase change, boiling corresponds to an increased amount of heat removed from surfaces of heat exchangers used in boiling heat transfer. It is generally demanded to find ways to obtain highly effective heat removal systems involving boiling heat transfer.
  • advances in manufacturing, nanotechnology and surface treatment engineering have led to micro/nanostructured surfaces for augmenting boiling heat transfer from heated surfaces (as in Li, C, et al., Nanostructured copper interfaces for enhanced boiling, small, 2008. 4(8): p. 1084- 1088).
  • MWCNTs multi walled carbon nanotubes
  • Hoodoo is the name of a kind of surface structure, which was utilized by Bon et al. (The Hoodoo: A New Surface Structure for Enhanced Boiling Heat Transfer. Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications, 2013. 5(1): p. 011003-011003). Hoodoo had a great effect on enhancement of boiling heat transfer, activation of nucleation sites and reaching to a critical heat flux, which imposes a limit for benefitting from boiling heat transfer.
  • Boiling has many industrial applications including power generation, refrigeration and cooling systems, as reported by Rainey et al. (Effect of Pressure, Subcooling, and Dissolved Gas on Pool Boiling Heat Transfer From Microporous Surfaces in FC-72. Journal of Heat Transfer, 2003. 125(1): p. 75-83).
  • One of the main applications of pool boiling systems is cooling in fuel cells.
  • EVs electric vehicles
  • FCVs fuel cell vehicles
  • an IC package is employed as electronic power equipment such as an inverter.
  • Primary object of the present invention is to overcome the abovementioned shortcomings of the prior art.
  • Another object of the present invention is provision of heat transfer surfaces enabling enhanced heat removal in boiling of a heated liquid.
  • the present invention proposes a heat exchanger with a heat transfer surface provided with hyperthermophilic bacteria, which can be from the genera Archaea, which can further be from the genus Sulfolobus, and which can further be from the species Sulfolobus solfataricus.
  • the heat exchanger can be adapted to pool-boiling heat transfer.
  • Figure 1 schematizes an exemplary pool boiling experimental setup for testing the performance of the coating in heat removal from its heat transfer surfaces.
  • Figure 2 shows comparative graphs of (a) wall superheat vs. heat flux, and (b) heat flux vs. heat transfer coefficient values obtained from bare Silicon surfaces and biocoated surfaces on a heat exchanger according to the present invention.
  • Figure 3 shows bubbles generation at boiling on (a) bare/uncoated surfaces and (b) surfaces partly coated with Archaea colonies; (c) SEM photograph of Archaea colony coated on a heat transfer surface portion emphasized on Fig.2(b).
  • the present invention proposes a heat exchanger with a heat transfer surface provided with hyperthermophilic bacteria, which is preferably from the genera Archaea, more preferably from the genus Sulfolobus, and even more preferably from the species Sulfolobus solfataricus.
  • the heat exchanger is preferably adapted to pool-boiling heat transfer.
  • the present invention proposes employment of Archaea coatings on heat exchanger surfaces for performance enhancement in pool boiling heat transfer.
  • This type of coating is organic and biocompatible and is also adaptable to different applications, where performence enhancement is sought.
  • Archaea are known as one of the three main domains of life, and it is also divided into five phyla. Archeal cells have similar characteristics as eubacteria such as unicellular morphology. They have a circular chromosome and resemble to eukaryotic cells due to the their metabolisms such as DNA replication and transcription (Ciaramella et a!, Molecular biology of extremophiles: recent progress on the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 2002. 81(1-4): p. 85-97; Bell and Jackson, Transcription and translation in Archaea: A mosaic of eukaryal and bacterial features. Trends in Microbiology, 1998.
  • Archeal cells have very unique survival ability under physiologically harsh conditions such as low or high temperatures (e.g. between -2°C to 15°C or between 60°C to 122°C), high salinity (such as 2M to 5M of NaCI) and extreme pH values (lower than 4 and also higher than 9) (DOI: 10.1139/W05-147; J Bacteriol. 1995 Dec; 177(24): 7050-7059; and DOI: 10.1126/science.1086823).
  • physiologically harsh conditions such as low or high temperatures (e.g. between -2°C to 15°C or between 60°C to 122°C), high salinity (such as 2M to 5M of NaCI) and extreme pH values (lower than 4 and also higher than 9) (DOI: 10.1139/W05-147; J Bacteriol. 1995 Dec; 177(24): 7050-7059; and DOI: 10.1126/science.1086823).
  • Sulfolobus solfataricus belongs to the phylum Crenarchaeota. It was first isolated from Pisciarelli Solfatara in Italy (10.1016/0014- 5793(88)80769-5). Sulfolobus solfataricus is an irregular and lobe-shaped archaeon having a size about 0.2 to 2 pm, grows optimally at 80 - 85 °C and has a pH of around 3 while maintaining intracellular pH around 6.5 and can utilize variable carbon sources to maintain cellular homeostasis (J Bacteriol. 1989 Dec; 171(12): 6710-6719). This robust and heat resistant microorganism is a good candidate for organic industrial coating purposes, which constitutes the motivation behind the invention. .Experimental setup
  • FIG.l An exemplary pool boiling experimental setup for testing the performance of the coating in heat removal from its heat transfer surfaces, is schematicized in Fig.l.
  • the setup is designed to imitate a heat exchanger having a heat transfer surface which requires high heat fluxes such as those to be cooled using pool boiling.
  • the setup comprises a heating surface (10) on a conductive body (20) which can be in form of a plate, preferably comprising a material with high heat transfer coefficient such as metals e.g. aluminium.
  • the setup can be provided with thermocouples, cartridge heaters, gasket sealers and a reflux condenser (none shown).
  • the setup can comprise a receptacle (30) for holding a liquid to be boiled.
  • the conductive body (20) can have holes for inserting one or more heater such as cartridge heaters, which can at least partly cover a side of the conductive body, mainly perpendicular to an intended heat flow direction for provision of heat (referred to as "Q" in the Fig.l).
  • the conductive body (20) can further comprise holes (not shown) for temperature measurement device(s) (not shown), such as thermocouples located at said side of the conductive body.
  • the heater(s) can be press-fitted into the holes, while conductive silicon grease can be utilized to fill gaps between heaters and the inner walls of the holes.
  • Holding means such as holder plates can be used to restrict the positions of the receptacle (30) and the heater(s) relative to each other.
  • An upper side of the setup can comprise one or more hole or conduit for filling up the receptacle (30) with fluid, for inserting a thermocouple (not shown) to measure bulk temperature of the fluid (not shown), and for connecting a condenser (e.g. a reflux condenser, not shown) to the receptacle (30) for condensing and returning boiled fluid back into the receptacle (30).
  • a condenser e.g. a reflux condenser, not shown
  • Gasket sealers resistant to high temperatures can be used between the edges of the receptacle (30), edges of the heater(s) and of the upper plates to prevent any leakage as well as between the heater and holding means to prevent heat dissipation.
  • Any gap between outer and inner tubes of the condenser can be filled with a fluid (e.g. water) to condense vapor escaping through the inner tube, which can be open to atmosphere to keep the process under atmospheric pressure.
  • the volume of liquid in the receptacle (30) was measured before and after each test to monitor the amount of liquid used in pool boiling experiments. It was observed that a vertical reflux condenser as described above was efficient and the amount of water remained nearly the same after each experiment.
  • Current and voltage used in energizing the heater can be adjusted using a digital power supply (not shown) with multimeters, which can nowadays provide high precision.
  • the power supply can be directly connected to heaters, e.g. cartridge heaters. All of the fluid and surface (10) temperatures and power readings were recorded under steady state conditions. To make sure about the repeatability, each experiment was repeated for several times.
  • biocoated surfaces provide numerous active nucleation sites (11), from where a high number of bubbles can emerge and depart from the surfaces, and this corresponds to an enhanced heat transfer to the fluid due to removal of phase change heat.
  • the inventors first examined the structure of Sulfolobus solfataricus colonies under fluorescent microscopy either with visible or fluorescent light. Archeae colonies (corresponding to the active nucleation sites 11) were obtained under sustained optimal conditions and then a sample of the culture medium was examined under microscopy using DAPI (4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) as staining.
  • DAPI 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
  • Wall superheat (difference between wall temperature and saturation temperature) and heat transfer coefficients for hyperthermophylic bacteria (here: archaea) coated and bare silicon surfaces are shown in Fig.2. According to the test results, heat transfer enhancement using bacteria coated surfaces was 20% higher relative to uncoated surfaces. Generated bubbles from bare silicon and Archaea coated samples are shown in Fig.3. Due to the porous structure of the bacteria, the coated surfaces have much more active nucleation sites (11) in comparison to the bare silicon surface. Bubble dynamics on coated and uncoated surfaces was visualized and analyzed using a high speed camera.
  • the inventors have found an increase in active nucleation site density (number of sites that bubble generate and merge) at biocoated regions with Archaea colonies leading to heat transfer enhancement, and bubble interaction during the departure emerged as an important factor.
  • the bubbles on biocoated surface portions emerge and grow to a full size more rapidly then on uncoated surface portions, and therefore leave the heat transfer surface earlier.
  • This agitation causes further liquid displacement in the vicinity of the biocoated surface portions, thus enhances the temperature gradient and further enhances the convective heat transfer coefficient around said portions.
  • Many surface enhancement techniques such as pin-fin arrays, reentrant cavities, and surface treatments increasing porosity are already available in the literature for conventional size tubes.
  • the biocoating can be also easily used on closed geometries such as microtubes, where physical deposition techniques are not applicable.
  • Metal surfaces comprising Al or Fe mainly found in form of their oxides reside positive charges on their surfaces. Many organic molecules reside carboxyl and amine groups, which are negatively and positively charged, respectively.
  • the coating used in the present invention changes the net charge of the surface. Archaea have hydrophobic regions on their surfaces and like the charges, hydrophobicity of a surface (such as a metal surface as mentioned above) may be manipulated by application of archaea coatings thereon. Thus, the coating used in the present invention further provides combinatory solutions, against the problems which other conventional coating materials fail.
  • Sulfur acts as the final electron acceptor rather than oxygen in the respiration of the archea named Sulfolobus solfataricus. Metabolically, Sulfolobus solfataricus depends on these sulfur containing compounds to produce energy either heterotrophic or autotrophic.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur pourvu d'une surface de transfert thermique dotée de bactéries hyperthermophiles qui peuvent être du genre Archaea, également du genre Sulfolobus et aussi de l'espèce Sulfolobus solfataricus. L'échangeur de chaleur peut être conçu pour un transfert thermique à ébullition libre.
PCT/TR2018/050131 2017-04-14 2018-04-02 Échangeur de chaleur à surfaces de transfert thermique améliorées WO2019004967A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2019554508A JP6852241B2 (ja) 2017-04-14 2018-04-02 向上された伝熱面を有する熱交換器
EP18822688.0A EP3610217B1 (fr) 2017-04-14 2018-04-02 Échangeur de chaleur à surfaces de transfert thermique améliorées
US16/603,599 US11473856B2 (en) 2017-04-14 2018-04-02 Heat exchanger with enhanced heat transfer surfaces
ES18822688T ES2835342T3 (es) 2017-04-14 2018-04-02 Intercambiador de calor con superficies de transferencia de calor mejoradas

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
TR2017/05596 2017-04-14
TR201705596 2017-04-14

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WO2019004967A2 true WO2019004967A2 (fr) 2019-01-03
WO2019004967A3 WO2019004967A3 (fr) 2019-03-28

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US (1) US11473856B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3610217B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6852241B2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2835342T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019004967A2 (fr)

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CN100545269C (zh) * 2008-02-02 2009-09-30 上海宝钢工程技术有限公司 金属物件加热工艺中可保护金属强化传热的涂料
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MX2015008135A (es) * 2012-12-21 2015-09-23 Hyundai Motor Co Ltd Composiciones para evitar olores que incluye microorganismos inodoros.
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CN204944282U (zh) * 2015-06-18 2016-01-06 鹰柏伦科洋涂层科技（上海）有限公司 一种带涂层的热交换器
JP2017058103A (ja) * 2015-09-18 2017-03-23 株式会社Uacj 伝熱面及び伝熱部材
JP6571491B2 (ja) * 2015-10-28 2019-09-04 株式会社神戸製鋼所 ヒートポンプ
CN206094013U (zh) * 2016-06-07 2017-04-12 中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司 鳍片管型膜式水冷壁

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Publication number Publication date
EP3610217A2 (fr) 2020-02-19
JP6852241B2 (ja) 2021-03-31
JP2020516840A (ja) 2020-06-11
EP3610217A4 (fr) 2020-03-11
US11473856B2 (en) 2022-10-18
EP3610217B1 (fr) 2020-10-07
WO2019004967A3 (fr) 2019-03-28
US20210087451A1 (en) 2021-03-25
ES2835342T3 (es) 2021-06-22

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