WO2019004487A1 - 成長障害を生じない小児骨粗鬆症治療薬 - Google Patents
成長障害を生じない小児骨粗鬆症治療薬 Download PDFInfo
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- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
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- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
- A61P19/08—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
- A61P19/10—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease for osteoporosis
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- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- C07K16/2803—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
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- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/54—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the route of administration
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/545—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the dose, timing or administration schedule
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/55—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the host/recipient, e.g. newborn with maternal antibodies
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- C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
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- C07K2317/55—Fab or Fab'
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- C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
- C07K2317/56—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments variable (Fv) region, i.e. VH and/or VL
- C07K2317/565—Complementarity determining region [CDR]
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C07K2317/60—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by non-natural combinations of immunoglobulin fragments
- C07K2317/62—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by non-natural combinations of immunoglobulin fragments comprising only variable region components
- C07K2317/622—Single chain antibody (scFv)
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
- G01N2333/435—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans
- G01N2333/46—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- G01N2333/47—Assays involving proteins of known structure or function as defined in the subgroups
- G01N2333/4701—Details
- G01N2333/4724—Lectins
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/10—Musculoskeletal or connective tissue disorders
- G01N2800/108—Osteoporosis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of anti-Siglec-15 antibodies to treat and / or prevent childhood osteoporosis.
- Osteoporosis is a disease in which the bone strength decreases due to bone loss and bone abnormalities, and it is a disease that exhibits easy fracture, mainly occurring in postmenopausal women and the elderly.
- drugs and diseases can also cause osteoporosis in children in the growing period.
- osteoporosis caused by administration of a steroid drug is called steroidal osteoporosis (glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO).
- GIO glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
- the cause of childhood osteoporosis includes congenital diseases such as osteogenesis imperfecta (designated intractable disease, frequency of occurrence is 1 in 2 to 30,000). In this case, motor development delay due to repeated fractures and bone deformation may occur.
- Childhood osteoporosis causes multiple compression fractures of the spine and fractures of the extremities, which may deform the skeleton and may result in the loss of exercise and trunk support function throughout the life. In addition, repeated minor fractures may result in chronic bone pain.
- osteoporosis patients are being administered a therapeutic agent containing a bone resorption inhibitor.
- improvement of bone density and bone pain has been confirmed by administering bisphosphonate preparation (bone resorption inhibitor) to osteogenesis imperfecta patients, and in children pamidronate is used as bisphosphonate preparation in children Periodic intravenous administration has been performed, and insurance has been applied in Japan since 2014.
- a potent bone resorption inhibitor such as a bisphosphonate preparation
- a potent bone resorption inhibitor such as a bisphosphonate preparation
- a preparation in growing children, the occurrence of growth disorders, bone structure and bone quality abnormalities, etc. is feared.
- Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (hereinafter referred to as "Siglec") is a type I membrane protein family that recognizes and binds sialic acid-containing sugar chains.
- Siglec-15 which belongs to the family, is highly evolutionarily conserved from fish to human, and has been confirmed to be strongly expressed in dendritic cells / macrophage cells in human spleen and lymph nodes.
- expression of Siglec-15 is enhanced with differentiation and maturation of osteoclasts, and it has been confirmed that differentiation of osteoclasts is suppressed when the expression is reduced using RNA interference (Patent Document) 1).
- the anti-Siglec-15 antibody can suppress the formation of osteoclasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts, and that it can be used as a therapeutic and / or prophylactic agent for bone metabolic disorders (FIG. Patent Document 2).
- An object of the present invention is to provide a medicine capable of treating and / or preventing pediatric osteoporosis without causing growth disorders in subjects to be administered even when administered to pediatric osteoporosis patients.
- the present inventors have found that administration of an antibody that binds to Siglec-15 results in improvement of bone mass and bone density without causing bone growth disorder in the administration subject.
- an antibody that binds to Siglec-15 is useful as a therapeutic agent and a preventive agent for osteoporosis in a child in a significant growth phase of bone growth, and has completed the present invention. That is, the present invention includes the following inventions. [1] To treat and / or prevent pediatric osteoporosis, which comprises an antibody or a functional fragment thereof that binds to Siglec-15 and has an activity to inhibit osteoclastic cell formation and / or bone resorption by osteoclasts Pharmaceutical composition.
- the antibody comprises CDRH1 consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12 in the sequence listing, CDRH2 consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 in the sequence listing, and amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 14 in the sequence listing From the heavy chain containing CDRH3, as well as CDRL1 consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 15 in Sequence Listing, CDRL2 consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 16 in Sequence Listing and the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 17 in Sequence Listing
- a method for treating and / or preventing childhood osteoporosis which comprises administering the pharmaceutical composition of any of [1] to [5].
- the present invention also encompasses the following inventions.
- [2] The pharmaceutical composition according to [1], which does not cause growth disorders, bone structure abnormalities and / or bone quality abnormalities.
- [3] The pharmaceutical composition of [1] or [2], wherein child osteoporosis is child osteoporosis that develops due to drug administration.
- [4] The pharmaceutical composition of [1] or [2], wherein the childhood osteoporosis is pediatric steroid osteoporosis.
- [5] The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the antibody is a monoclonal antibody.
- the antibody comprises CDRH1 consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12 in the Sequence Listing, CDRH2 consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 in the Sequence Listing, and amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 14 in the Sequence Listing From the heavy chain containing CDRH3, as well as CDRL1 consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 15 in Sequence Listing, CDRL2 consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 16 in Sequence Listing and the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 17 in Sequence Listing
- the pharmaceutical composition according to any one of [1] to [6] wherein the antibody is a chimeric antibody, a humanized antibody, or a human antibody.
- a method for treating and / or preventing childhood osteoporosis which comprises administering the pharmaceutical composition of any one of [1] to [8].
- the present invention it is possible to provide a medicine capable of treating and / or preventing pediatric osteoporosis without causing growth disorders in the administration subject even when administered to pediatric osteoporosis patients.
- FIG. 1 shows the implementation schedule of various operations in the experiment.
- FIG. 2 shows head and body length and femur length longitudinally over the administration observation period for the control group (Ctl), the anti-Siglec-15 antibody administration group (Sig-15 Ab), and the bisphosphonate administration group (ALN) It is a graph which shows the measured result.
- A Measurement results of head and body length and femur length of each animal at the end of the administration observation period are shown.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the measurement results of bone formation marker (serum osteocalcin) and bone resorption marker (serum TRACP-5b) in a blood sample collected in (A) Measurement results of serum osteocalcin amount and serum TRACP-5b amount of each animal at the end of the administration observation period (at 12 weeks of age) are shown. (B) Changes in serum osteocalcin amount and serum TRACP-5b amount of each animal over the administration observation period (6 to 12 weeks of age) are shown.
- FIG. 4-1 shows that the influence of the drug on the growth was analyzed histologically in the control group (Ctl), the anti-Siglec-15 antibody administration group (Sig-15 Ab), and the bisphosphonate administration group (ALN). Show the results.
- Ctl control group
- Sig-15 Ab anti-Siglec-15 antibody administration group
- APN bisphosphonate administration group
- A A coronal cross-sectional photograph of a 3D-CT image of the proximal tibia at 12 weeks of age is shown.
- the arrow (upper side) indicates the area labeled 3 days before, and the arrow (lower side) indicates the area labeled 7 days before.
- C The results of Safranin O staining (stained with acidic mucopolysaccharides) in growth cartilage and tissue specimens of primary cancellous bone immediately below growth cartilage at 12 weeks of age are shown.
- Fig. 4-2 shows that the influence of the drug on the growth was analyzed histologically for the control group (Ctl), the anti-Siglec-15 antibody administration group (Sig-15 Ab), and the bisphosphonate administration group (ALN). Show the results.
- (D) shows the results of TRACP staining and methyl green staining in tissue specimens of the proximal tibia primary cancellous bone at 12 weeks of age.
- (E) Bone growth rate and growth cartilage width measured using non-decalcified tissue specimens, and
- 5-1 shows the effects of drugs on bone mass and mechanical strength in the control group (Ctl), the anti-Siglec-15 antibody administration group (Sig-15 Ab), and the bisphosphonate administration group (ALN). The results analyzed using the lumbar spine are shown.
- FIG. 5-2 shows the effects of drugs on bone mass and mechanical strength in the control group (Ctl), the anti-Siglec-15 antibody administration group (Sig-15 Ab), and the bisphosphonate administration group (ALN). The results analyzed using the lumbar spine are shown.
- C shows the measurement results of bone density using the first to third lumbar vertebrae DXA method at 12 weeks of age.
- FIG. 1 A coronal cross-sectional photograph of a 3D-CT image of the distal femur at 12 weeks of age is shown.
- A-2) The measurement result of the bone density using the DXA method of the same site at the time of 12-week-old is shown.
- B-1) shows the results of TRACP staining and methyl green staining in tissue specimens of the secondary cancellous bone region in the proximal tibia at 12 weeks of age.
- B-2) The measurement result of the osteoclast surface (Oc.Pm/B.Pm (%)) with respect to the bone surface of the same site
- FIG. 6-2 shows the effects of drugs on bone mass and mechanical strength in the control group (Ctl), the anti-Siglec-15 antibody administration group (Sig-15 Ab), and the bisphosphonate administration group (ALN).
- Ctl controls the results of analysis using long bones.
- C shows the results (maximum breaking strength, stiffness, toughness) of the compression mechanics test of the distal femur metaphysis at 12 weeks of age (average value of the second, third, fourth, and sixth vertebral bodies). *: P ⁇ 0.05 (vs. Ctl).
- FIG. 7 shows an implementation schedule of various operations in the experiment.
- FIG. 8 shows Sham group, GC group (Vehicle), GC + Siglec-15Ab group (administered anti-Siglec-15 antibody at low dose (low) or high dose (high)), GC + ALN group (ALN at low dose (low) Or, it is a graph showing the result of measuring body weight, head and body length, and femur length longitudinally over the administration observation period for administration at a high dose (high)). The measurement results of (i) body weight, (ii) head and body length and (iii) femur length of each animal at (A) administration observation period and end time are shown.
- FIG. 9 Sham group, GC group (Vehicle), GC + Siglec-15Ab group (administered with low or high dose of anti-Siglec-15 antibody), GC + ALN group (low ALN group (low) Or for high dose (high)), bone resorption marker (serum TRACP-5b) and bone formation marker in blood sample collected before start of administration and 6 weeks after administration (at 12 weeks of age) It is a graph which shows the measurement result of (serum osteocalcin).
- 10-1 shows Sham group, GC group (Vehicle), GC + Siglec-15Ab group (administered anti-Siglec-15 antibody at low dose or high dose), GC + ALN group (ALN at low dose (low) The results of histological analysis of the effect of the drug on growth) are given) or administration at high doses (high)).
- a coronal cross-sectional photograph of a 3D-CT image of the proximal tibia at 12 weeks of age is shown.
- B Results of Villanueva staining in non-decalcified tissue specimens made from proximal tibial tissue obtained by labeling with tetracycline 5 days before euthanasia and calcein 2 days before.
- FIG. 10-2 shows Sham group, GC group (Vehicle), GC + Siglec-15Ab group (administered with low or high dose of anti-Siglec-15 antibody), GC + ALN group (ALN low dose (low) The results of histological analysis of the effect of the drug on growth) are given) or administration at high doses (high)).
- FIG. 1 shows the results of TRACP staining and methyl green staining in tissue specimens of the proximal tibia primary cancellous bone at 12 weeks of age.
- E growth cartilage width measured using non-decalcified tissue specimens
- F bone growth rate
- G osteoclast surface to bone surface in primary cancellous bone region
- 11-1 shows Sham group, GC group (Vehicle), GC + Siglec-15Ab group (administered anti-Siglec-15 antibody at low dose or low dose), GC + ALN group (ALN at low dose (ALN)
- a coronal cross-sectional photograph of a 3D-CT image of the distal femur at 12 weeks of age is shown. The boxed area indicates the secondary cancellous bone area.
- B Bone volume BV / TV (%) of the secondary cancellous bone region at 12 weeks of age, trabecular bone width Tb. Th ( ⁇ m), and trabecular number Tb.
- N N / mm
- C The measurement result of bone density BMD of the distal femur using DXA method is shown. #; P ⁇ 0.05 (vs. Sham group), *; p ⁇ 0.05 (vs. GC group).
- 11-2 shows Sham group, GC group (Vehicle), GC + Siglec-15Ab group (administered with anti-Siglec-15 antibody at low dose (low) or high dose (high), GC + ALN group (ALN at low dose (ALN) (D) results of compression mechanics test of distal femur metaphysis at 12 weeks of age (maximum breaking strength, stiffness, elastic modulus, toughness) for (low) or high dose (high)) Show. #; P ⁇ 0.05 (vs. Sham group), *; p ⁇ 0.05 (vs. GC group).
- the term "gene” is intended to include not only DNA but also mRNA, cDNA and cRNA.
- polynucleotide is used interchangeably with nucleic acid and includes DNA, RNA, probes, oligonucleotides, and primers.
- polypeptide and “protein” are used without distinction.
- cell also includes cells in an animal individual and cultured cells.
- Siglec-15 is used in the same meaning as Siglec-15 protein.
- osteoclast formation is used interchangeably with “osteoclast differentiation” or “osteoclast maturation”.
- the term "functional fragment of antibody” as used herein means a partial fragment of an antibody having binding activity to an antigen, and includes Fab, F (ab ') 2 , scFv and the like.
- Fab ' which is a monovalent fragment of the variable region of an antibody obtained by treating F (ab') 2 under reducing conditions is also included in the functional fragment of the antibody.
- F (ab') 2 under reducing conditions is also included in the functional fragment of the antibody.
- these functional fragments include not only those obtained by treating the full-length molecule of antibody protein with an appropriate enzyme, but also proteins produced in appropriate host cells using genetically engineered antibody genes. Be
- epitope refers to a partial peptide of Siglec-15 to which a specific anti-Siglec-15 antibody binds.
- the epitope which is a partial peptide of the above Siglec-15 can be determined by methods well known to those skilled in the art, such as immunoassays, but can be performed, for example, by the following method.
- Various partial structures of Siglec-15 are prepared. In preparation of partial structures, known oligopeptide synthesis techniques can be used.
- the reactivity of the antibody against them is examined, After rough recognition sites are determined, epitopes can be determined by synthesizing shorter peptides and examining their reactivity with the peptides. If the second anti-Siglec-15 antibody binds to the partial peptide to which the first anti-Siglec-15 antibody binds, it can be determined that the first antibody and the second antibody have a common epitope.
- a second anti-Siglec-15 antibody competes with the binding of the first anti-Siglec-15 antibody to Siglec-15 (ie, the second antibody interferes with the binding of the first antibody to Siglec-15)
- the first antibody and the second antibody have a common epitope, even if the specific epitope sequence has not been determined.
- the first antibody and the second antibody bind to a common epitope, and the first antibody has a special effect such as the neutralizing activity of the antigen, the second antibody may also have a similar activity. I can expect it.
- hybridize under stringent conditions refers to hybridization at 68 ° C. in a commercially available hybridization solution ExpressHyb Hybridization Solution (TAKARA BIO INC.) Or a filter on which DNA is immobilized. After hybridization at 68 ° C. in the presence of 0.7 to 1.0 M NaCl, a 0.1 to 2-fold concentration SSC solution (consisting of 150 mM NaCl and 15 mM sodium citrate as 1-fold concentration SSC) And hybridization under conditions that can be identified by washing at 68 ° C. or conditions equivalent thereto.
- TAKARA BIO INC. a commercially available hybridization solution ExpressHyb Hybridization Solution
- SSC solution consisting of 150 mM NaCl and 15 mM sodium citrate as 1-fold concentration SSC
- Siglec-15 The Siglec-15 gene is a gene whose expression level has been confirmed to be significantly increased in giant cell tumors (GCTs), and also when monocyte-derived cell lines differentiate into osteoclasts. It is a gene whose expression level has been confirmed to increase (WO2009 / 048072).
- Siglec-15 used in the present invention can be used directly purified from human, non-human mammals (eg, guinea pig, rat, mouse, rabbit, pig, sheep, cow, monkey, etc.) or chicken monocytes or bone marrow cells
- non-human mammals eg, guinea pig, rat, mouse, rabbit, pig, sheep, cow, monkey, etc.
- the cell membrane fraction of the above-mentioned cells can be prepared and used, or it can be obtained by synthesizing Siglec-15 in vitro or by causing it to be produced in a host cell by genetic manipulation.
- Siglec-15 cDNA is incorporated into an expressible vector and then synthesized in a solution containing enzymes, substrates and energetic substances necessary for transcription and translation, or other prokaryotes, or The protein can be obtained by expressing Siglec-15 by transforming eukaryotic host cells.
- the nucleotide sequence of human Siglec-15 cDNA is registered in GenBank under Accession No. NM — 213602 and is also shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 in the Sequence Listing, and its amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 in the Sequence Listing .
- the nucleotide sequence of mouse Siglec-15 cDNA is registered in GenBank under Accession No .: XM_884636 and is also shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 in the Sequence Listing, and its amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 4 in the Sequence Listing .
- the mature human Siglec-15 from which the signal sequence has been removed corresponds to the amino acid sequence consisting of the 21st to 328th amino acid residues of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2.
- mouse Siglec-15 from which the signal sequence has been removed corresponds to an amino acid sequence consisting of the 21st to 341st amino acid residues of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4.
- Siglec-15 may be called CD33 antigen-like 3, CD33 molecule-like 3, CD33-like 3 or CD33L3, and they all indicate the same molecule.
- the cDNA of Siglec-15 is, for example, a polymerase chain reaction (hereinafter referred to as "PCR") using a cDNA library expressing the cDNA of Siglec-15 as a template and a primer for specifically amplifying cDNA of Siglec-15.
- PCR polymerase chain reaction
- a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementary to the nucleotide sequence shown in at least one of SEQ ID NOS: 1 and 3 in the Sequence Listing under stringent conditions and A polynucleotide encoding a protein having an equivalent biological activity is also included in the cDNA of Siglec-15.
- a splicing variant transcribed from a human or mouse Siglec-15 locus or a polynucleotide hybridizing to the same under stringent conditions which is a polypeptide encoding a protein having a biological activity equivalent to that of Siglec-15 Nucleotides are also included in the cDNA of Siglec-15.
- one or several amino acids are substituted or deleted in the amino acid sequence shown in at least one of SEQ ID NOs: 2 and 4 in the sequence listing, or the amino acid sequence in which the signal sequence is removed from these sequences.
- a protein consisting of an amino acid sequence which has been lost or added and having a biological activity equivalent to that of Siglec-15 is also included in Siglec-15.
- an amino acid sequence encoded by a splicing variant transcribed from a human or Siglec-15 locus or an amino acid sequence in which one or several amino acids are substituted, deleted or added in the amino acid sequence, and A protein having biological activity equivalent to that of Siglec-15 is also included in Siglec-15.
- the antibody against Siglec-15 of the present invention immunizes an animal with any polypeptide selected from the amino acid sequence of Siglec-15 or Siglec-15 using a conventional method, It can be obtained by collecting and purifying the produced antibody.
- the species of Siglec-15 which is an antigen is not limited to human, and animals can be immunized with Siglec-15 derived from non-human animals such as mice and rats. In this case, it is possible to select antibodies applicable to human diseases by testing the cross-reactivity of the obtained antibody binding to heterologous Siglec-15 with human Siglec-15.
- a hybridoma can be established by fusing an antibody-producing cell producing an antibody against Siglec-15 with a myeloma cell to obtain a monoclonal antibody.
- Siglec-15 which is an antigen can be obtained by causing a host cell to produce the Siglec-15 gene by genetic engineering.
- a vector capable of expressing the Siglec-15 gene may be prepared, introduced into a host cell to express the gene, and the expressed Siglec-15 may be purified.
- the method for obtaining an antibody against Siglec-15 will be specifically described.
- each operation relating to genetic manipulation is “Molecular Cloning 4th Edition” (Sambrook, J., Fritsch, EF and Maniatis, T., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory). It can be carried out in accordance with the method described in Press).
- Such an antigen can be selected, for example, from a polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in the following (a) to (i); (A) the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 in the sequence listing; (B) an amino acid sequence consisting of the 21st to 328th amino acid residues of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 in the sequence listing; (C) an amino acid sequence consisting of the first to 260th amino acid residues of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 in the sequence listing; (D) an amino acid sequence consisting of the 21st to 260th amino acid residues of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 in the sequence listing; (E) the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4 in the sequence listing; (F) an amino acid sequence consisting of the 21st to 341st amino acid residues of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4 in the sequence listing; (G) an amino acid sequence consisting of the first to 258th amino acid residues
- a polypeptide consisting of an amino acid sequence encoded by the nucleotide sequence shown in the following (j) to (n) can be used; (J) a nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1; (K) the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3; (L) The nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5; (M) a nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6; (N) A nucleotide sequence possessed by a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions with a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementary to the nucleotide sequence described in (j) to (m).
- the polypeptide consisting of the 1st to 20th amino acid residues of the amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 2 in the sequence listing corresponds to the signal peptide of human Siglec-15, and is a poly consisting of the 21st to 260th amino acid residues.
- the peptide corresponds to the extracellular domain of the mature protein of human Siglec-15.
- the polypeptide consisting of the 1st to 20th amino acid residues of the amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 4 in the sequence listing corresponds to the signal peptide of mouse Siglec-15, and consists of the 21st to 258th amino acid residues
- the polypeptide corresponds to the extracellular domain of the mouse Siglec-15 mature protein.
- nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6 encodes the extracellular region of human Siglec-15 encoded by the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1
- nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5 is SEQ ID NO: 3 It encodes the extracellular region of mouse Siglec-15 encoded by the nucleotide sequence shown.
- Siglec-15 can be used directly purified from human tumor tissue or tumor cells and can be obtained by synthesizing Siglec-15 in vitro or by producing it in a host cell by genetic manipulation. it can.
- the cDNA of Siglec-15 is incorporated into an expressible vector and then synthesized in a solution containing enzymes, substrates and energy substances necessary for transcription and translation, or other prokaryotes,
- the antigen can be obtained by expressing Siglec-15 by transforming a eukaryotic host cell.
- an antigen as a secreted protein by expressing a fusion protein in which the extracellular domain of the membrane protein Siglec-15 and the constant domain of the antibody are linked in an appropriate host-vector system.
- the cDNA of Siglec-15 is, for example, a polymerase chain reaction (hereinafter referred to as "PCR") using a cDNA library expressing the cDNA of Siglec-15 as a template and a primer that specifically amplifies the Siglec-15 cDNA.
- PCR polymerase chain reaction
- RTS Rapid Translation System
- a prokaryotic host for example, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and the like can be mentioned.
- the host cells are transformed with a plasmid vector containing regulatory sequences and replicons or replication origins from species compatible with the host.
- the vector one having a sequence capable of imparting phenotypic (phenotype) selectivity to transformed cells is preferable.
- Eukaryotic host cells include vertebrate cells such as vertebrates, insects and yeasts, and vertebrate cells include, for example, monkey cells such as COS cells (Gluzman, Y. Cell (1981) 23, p. 175-182, ATCC CRL-1650), dihydrofolate reductase deficient strain of mouse fibroblast NIH 3T3 (ATCC No. CRL-1658) and Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO cells, ATCC CCL-61) (Urlaub, G. et al. and Chasin, L. A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1980) 77 (p. 4126-4220) and the like are often used, but not limited thereto.
- monkey cells such as COS cells (Gluzman, Y. Cell (1981) 23, p. 175-182, ATCC CRL-1650), dihydrofolate reductase deficient strain of mouse fibroblast NIH 3T3 (ATCC No. CRL-1658) and Chinese ham
- the transformant obtained as described above can be cultured according to a conventional method, and the culture produces the desired polypeptide in cells or cells extracellularly.
- various media commonly used can be appropriately selected according to the adopted host cell, and in the case of E. coli, for example, antibiotics such as ampicillin and IPMG are optionally added to the LB medium. It can be added and used.
- the recombinant protein produced intracellularly or extracellularly of the transformant by the above culture may be separated and purified by various known separation procedures utilizing physical properties or chemical properties of the protein. it can.
- various liquid chromatography such as treatment with a conventional protein precipitant, ultrafiltration, molecular sieve chromatography (gel filtration), adsorption chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography, etc. And dialysis methods, combinations of these, and the like.
- histidine consisting of 6 residues
- it can be efficiently purified on a nickel affinity column.
- it can be efficiently purified on a protein A column by linking the Fc region of IgG to a recombinant protein to be expressed.
- the method for producing a monoclonal antibody is described in detail below along the above steps, the method for producing the antibody is not limited thereto, and for example, antibody-producing cells other than splenocytes and myelomas can also be used.
- step (B) Preparation of Antibody-Producing Cells
- the antigen obtained in step (a) is mixed with Freund's complete or incomplete adjuvant or an adjuvant such as potassium alum, and the experimental animal is immunized as an immunogen.
- animals used in known hybridoma production methods can be used without problems. Specifically, for example, mice, rats, goats, sheep, cattle, horses and the like can be used. However, it is preferable to use a mouse or a rat as an animal to be immunized from the viewpoint of the availability of myeloma cells to be fused with the antibody-producing cells that have been extracted.
- mice and rats actually used are not particularly limited, and in the case of mice, for example, strains A, AKR, BALB / c, BDP, BA, CE, C3H, 57BL, C57BL, C57L, DBA, FL, HTH, HT1, LP, NZB, NZW, RF, RIII, SJL, SWR, WB, 129 etc., and in the case of a rat, for example, Wistar, Low, Lewis, Spraque, Daweley, ACI, BN, Fischer et al. Can be used.
- mice and rats can be obtained, for example, from laboratory animal breeding dealers such as CLEA Japan, CHARS River Japan and the like.
- the BALB / c strain in mice and the Wistar and Low strains in rats are particularly preferable as the animals to be immunized, in consideration of fusion compatibility with the later-described myeloma cells.
- mice in which the biological mechanism for removing autoantibodies has been reduced that is, autoimmune disease mice, in consideration of the homology between human and mouse antigens.
- mice or rats during immunization is preferably 5 to 12 weeks, and more preferably 6 to 8 weeks.
- a membrane protein fraction which is an antigen, or a cell in which an antigen is expressed is administered intradermally or intraperitoneally to an animal.
- the frequency of administration of the antigen is preferably 3 to 6 times, the administration interval is 2 to 6 weeks, the administration frequency of 3 to 4 times, the administration interval 2 to Four weeks is more preferred.
- the dose of the antigen varies depending on the type of animal, individual difference and the like, but generally it is about 0.05 to 5 mg, preferably about 0.1 to 0.5 mg.
- the booster immunization is performed 1 to 6 weeks, preferably 2 to 4 weeks, more preferably 2 to 3 weeks after the antigen administration as described above.
- the dose of antigen upon the booster immunization varies depending on the type and size of the animal, but in general, for example, in the case of a mouse, 0.05 to 5 mg, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 mg, and more preferably Is about 0.1 to 0.2 mg.
- Spleen cells or lymphocytes containing antibody-producing cells are aseptically removed from the immunized animal 1 to 10 days, preferably 2 to 5 days, and more preferably 2 to 3 days after the booster immunization.
- the efficiency of the subsequent operation can be enhanced.
- Examples of the antibody titer measurement method used herein may include, but are not limited to, the RIA method or the ELISA method.
- the measurement of antibody titer in the present invention can be performed, for example, according to the ELISA method, according to the procedure described below.
- purified or partially purified antigen is adsorbed on a solid phase surface such as a 96-well plate for ELISA, and the solid phase surface on which the antigen is not adsorbed is a protein unrelated to the antigen, such as bovine serum albumin (hereinafter referred to as "BSA")
- BSA bovine serum albumin
- an antibody against an enzyme-labeled mouse antibody is added and bound to the mouse antibody, and after washing, a substrate for the enzyme is added, and the antibody titer is measured by measuring changes in absorbance due to color development based on substrate degradation. calculate.
- Separation of antibody-producing cells from these spleen cells or lymphocytes can be carried out according to a known method (eg, Kohler et al., Nature (1975) 256, p. 495; Kohler et al., Eur. J. Immnol. (1977). 6., p. 511; Milstein et al., Nature (1977), 266, p. 550; Walsh, Nature (1977) 266, p. 495).
- a known method eg, Kohler et al., Nature (1975) 256, p. 495; Kohler et al., Eur. J. Immnol. (1977). 6., p. 511; Milstein et al., Nature (1977), 266, p. 550; Walsh, Nature (1977) 266, p. 495).
- spleen cells For example, in the case of spleen cells, a general method may be adopted in which the spleen is minced and the cells are filtered through a stainless mesh and then suspended in Eagle's minimal essential medium (MEM) to separate antibody-producing cells. .
- MEM Eagle's minimal essential medium
- myelomas Preparation of myeloma cells (hereinafter referred to as "myelomas”)
- myeloma cells there are no particular limitations on the myeloma cells used for cell fusion, and they can be appropriately selected from known cell lines. However, in consideration of convenience in selecting hybridomas from fused cells, it is preferable to use a HGPRT (Hipoxane-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase) -deficient strain whose selection procedure has been established.
- HGPRT Hipoxane-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase
- mouse-derived X63-Ag8 (X63), NS1-ANS / 1 (NS1), P3X63-Ag8. Ul (P3 Ul), X63-Ag 8.6 53 (X 63.653), SP 2/0-Ag 14 (SP 2/0), MPC 11-45.6 TG 1.7 (45.6 TG), FO, S149 / 5 XXO, BU. 1st class, rat-derived 210. RSY3. Ag.
- HGPRT deficient strains can be obtained, for example, from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC).
- These cell lines can be prepared by using an appropriate culture medium, for example, 8-azaguanine culture medium [RPMI-1640 culture medium supplemented with glutamine, 2-mercaptoethanol, gentamycin, and fetal calf serum (hereinafter referred to as "FCS") Added culture medium], Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium (hereinafter referred to as "IMDM”), or subcultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (hereinafter referred to as "DMEM”)
- IMDM Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium
- DMEM Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium
- (D) Cell fusion Fusion of antibody-producing cells with myeloma cells can be performed by a known method (Weir, DM, Handbook of Experimental Immunology Vol. I. II. III., Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1987), Kabat , E. A. and Mayer, M. M., Experimental Immunochemistry, Charles C. Thomas Publisher Spigfield, Illinois (1964), etc., can be appropriately performed under conditions that do not extremely reduce cell viability. .
- Such methods can use, for example, a chemical method of mixing antibody-producing cells and myeloma cells in a high concentration polymer solution such as polyethylene glycol, a physical method of using electrical stimulation, or the like.
- the specific examples of the above-mentioned chemical method are as follows. That is, when polyethylene glycol is used as the high concentration polymer solution, antibody-producing cells at a temperature of 30 to 40 ° C., preferably 35 to 38 ° C., in a polyethylene glycol solution having a molecular weight of 1500 to 6000, preferably 2000 to 4000 The myeloma cells are mixed for 1 to 10 minutes, preferably for 5 to 8 minutes.
- Hybridoma Group Although there are no particular limitations on the method of selecting hybridomas obtained by the above cell fusion, the selection method of HAT (hypoxanthine ⁇ aminobuterin ⁇ thymidine) is usually selected (Kohler et al., Nature (1975) 256, p. 495; Milstein et val., Nature (1977) 266, p. 550) is used.
- HAT hypoxanthine ⁇ aminobuterin ⁇ thymidine
- This method is effective in obtaining hybridomas using myeloma cells of HGPRT deficient strain which can not survive in aminobuterin.
- cloning Division into single cell clones
- known methods such as methyl cellulose method, soft agarose method, limiting dilution method and the like can be used (for example, Barbara, B.M. and Stanley, M.S .: Selected Methods in Cellular Immunology , W. H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco (1980)).
- the limiting dilution method is particularly preferred.
- a microplate is inoculated with a rat fetal fibroblast cell line or a feeder such as normal mouse spleen cells, thymocytes and ascites cells.
- hybridomas are diluted in the medium to 0.2 to 0.5 / 0.2 ml in advance, and 0.1 ml each of the diluted suspension of the diluted hybridoma is put in each well, and it is periodically (for example, 3)
- the hybridoma clones can be expanded by continuing the culture for about two weeks while replacing about 1/3 of the medium with a fresh one every day.
- cloning by, for example, limiting dilution is repeated 2 to 4 times, and those in which antibody titers are recognized stably are selected as anti-Siglec-15 monoclonal antibody-producing hybridoma lines.
- hybridoma strains cloned in this manner include hybridoma # 32A1 and hybridoma # 41B1.
- Hybridoma # 32A1 and hybridoma # 41B1 were filed on August 28, 2008, as a National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, International Patent Organism Depositary, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (currently Japan National Administrative Agency, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation)
- the hybridoma # 32A1 is assigned the accession number FERM BP-10999 under the name of anti-Siglec-15 Hybridoma # 32A1
- the hybridoma # 41B1 is the accession number FERM BP under the name of anti-Siglec-15 Hybridoma # 41 B1. -11000 is given.
- the antibody titer in the present invention can be measured, for example, by the ELISA method described in the item (b) above.
- the hybridomas obtained by the above method can be stored frozen in liquid nitrogen or in a freezer of -80 ° C or lower.
- the hybridomas for which cloning has been completed are cultured by changing the medium from HT medium to normal medium.
- Large-scale culture is performed by rotary culture using a large culture bottle or spinner culture.
- the supernatant in this large-scale culture can be purified using methods well known to those skilled in the art, such as gel filtration, to obtain a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to the protein of the present invention.
- an immunosuppressive agent intraperitoneally to a mouse of hybridoma the same strain
- 10 6 to 10 7 hybridoma clone cells after 20 days, serum-free medium
- the suspension is suspended (0.5 ml) and administered intraperitoneally.
- Ascites fluid is collected from the mouse when the abdomen is usually swollen and ascites fluid is accumulated.
- a monoclonal antibody having a concentration of about 100 times or more higher than that in the culture solution can be obtained.
- the monoclonal antibodies obtained by the above-mentioned method are described, for example, in Weir, D. et al. M. Handbook of Experimental Immunology, Vol. It can be purified by the method described in I, II, III, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1978).
- ammonium sulfate precipitation method gel filtration method, ion exchange chromatography method, affinity chromatography method and the like.
- the monoclonal antibody thus obtained has high antigen specificity to Siglec-15.
- the culture supernatant is allowed to react with the antigen-adsorbed solid phase as it is, and further, antibodies corresponding to various immunoglobulin isotypes and subclasses are used as secondary antibodies. It is possible to identify isotypes and subclasses.
- a commercially available identification kit for example, mouse type kit; manufactured by Bio-Rad
- a commercially available identification kit for example, mouse type kit; manufactured by Bio-Rad
- the antibodies of the present invention include genetically engineered antibodies, such as chimeras, artificially modified for the purpose of reducing heterologous antigenicity to humans, etc., in addition to the monoclonal antibodies against Siglec-15 described above. Also included are (chimeric) antibodies, humanized antibodies, human antibodies and the like. These antibodies can be produced using known methods.
- chimeric antibodies include antibodies in which the variable region and constant region of the antibody are heterologous to each other, for example, a chimeric antibody in which the variable region of a mouse-derived antibody is conjugated to a constant region of human origin (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci U.S.A., 81, 6851-6855 (1984)).
- humanized antibody an antibody (Nature (1986) 321, p. 522-525) in which only a complementarity determining region (CDR) is incorporated into a human-derived antibody;
- CDR complementarity determining region
- some framework amino acid residues may also be mentioned as antibodies (WO 90/07861) grafted onto human antibodies.
- the anti-Siglec-15 human antibody means a human antibody having only the gene sequence of the antibody derived from human chromosome.
- the anti-Siglec-15 human antibody is a method using a human antibody-producing mouse having a human chromosomal fragment containing the genes for H chain and L chain of human antibody (Tomizuka, K. et al., Nature Genetics (1997) 16, p. Kuroiwa, Y. et al., Nuc. Acids Res. (1998) 26, p. 3447-3448; Yoshida, H. et. Al., Animal Cell Technology: Basic and Applied Aspects vol. , P.
- transgenic animals specifically, the loci of non-human mammalian endogenous immunoglobulin heavy and light chains are disrupted, and instead the loci of human immunoglobulin heavy and light chains are introduced.
- Transgenic animals can be produced by producing knockout animals and transgenic animals, and multiplying these animals with each other.
- eukaryotic cells are transformed with a cDNA encoding each of heavy and light chains of such human antibody, preferably a vector containing the cDNA, by genetic recombination technology to produce a recombinant human monoclonal antibody.
- This antibody can also be obtained from the culture supernatant by culturing transformed cells.
- eukaryotic cells preferably CHO cells
- mammalian cells such as lymphocytes and myelomas
- a method for obtaining a phage display-derived human antibody selected from a human antibody library (Wormstone, IM et al., Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. (2002) 43 (7), p. 2301-2308; Mé, S. et. Al., Briefings in Functional Genomics and Proteomics (2002), 1 (2), p. 189-203; Siriwardena, D. et. Al., Opthalmology (2002) 109 (3), p. 427-431) are also known.
- a phage display method (Nature Biotechnology (2005), 23, (9), p. 1105) in which the variable region of human antibody is expressed on the phage surface as a single chain antibody (scFv) and phages that bind to the antigen are selected. -1116) can be used.
- the DNA sequence encoding the variable region of human antibody binding to the antigen can be determined.
- a human antibody can be obtained by preparing an expression vector having the sequence and introducing it into an appropriate host for expression (WO 92/01047, WO 92 / 20791, WO 93/06213, WO 93/11236, WO 93/19172, WO 95/01438, WO 95/15388, Annu. Rev. Immunol (1994) 12, p. 433-455, Nature Biotechnology (2005) 23 (9), p. 1105-1116).
- a combination of a suitable host and an expression vector can be used.
- eukaryotic cells When eukaryotic cells are used as a host, animal cells, plant cells, and eukaryotic microorganisms can be used.
- mammalian cells for example, cells of monkeys such as COS cells (Gluzman, Y. Cell (1981) 23, p. 175-182, ATCC CRL-1650), mouse fibroblast NIH 3 T 3 (ATCC) No. CRL-1658) and Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO cells, ATCC CCL-61), dihydrofolate reductase-deficient strains (Urlaub, G. and Chasin, LA Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. (1980) 77, p. 4126-4220) can be mentioned.
- COS cells Gluzman, Y. Cell (1981) 23, p. 175-182, ATCC CRL-1650
- Chinese hamster ovary cells CHO cells, ATCC CCL-61
- dihydrofolate reductase-deficient strains Urlaub, G. and Chasin, LA Proc
- prokaryotic cells for example, E. coli and Bacillus subtilis can be mentioned.
- the antibody gene of interest is introduced into these cells by transformation, and the transformed cells are cultured in vitro to obtain an antibody.
- IgG immunoglobulin G
- IgG3, IgG4 IgM
- IgA IgA1, IgA2
- IgG or IgM IgG or IgM. It can be mentioned, more preferably it can be mentioned IgG2.
- the antibody of the present invention may also be a functional fragment of an antibody having an antigen-binding portion of the antibody or a modified product thereof.
- a fragment of the antibody can be obtained by treating the antibody with a proteolytic enzyme such as papain or pepsin, or modifying the antibody gene by genetic engineering techniques and expressing it in appropriate cultured cells.
- a fragment retaining all or part of the function of the full-length antibody molecule can be referred to as a functional fragment of an antibody.
- the functions of the antibody generally include antigen binding activity, activity to neutralize the activity of antigen, activity to enhance the activity of antigen, antibody-dependent cytotoxicity activity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity activity and complement-dependence activity Cellular cytotoxic activity can be mentioned.
- the function retained by the functional fragment of the antibody in the present invention is preferably activity to suppress formation of osteoclasts, and more preferably activity to suppress the process of cell fusion of osteoclasts.
- Fab fragments of antibodies
- F (ab ') 2 Fv, or single chain Fv (scFv)
- diabody diabodies
- Fab ′ which is a monovalent fragment of the variable region of an antibody obtained by treating F (ab ′) 2 under reducing conditions, is also included as a fragment of the antibody.
- the antibodies of the invention may be multispecific antibodies having specificity for at least two different antigens.
- Such a molecule binds two antigens (ie, a bispecific antibody), but the “multispecific antibody” in the present invention is more (eg, three types) And antibodies having specificity for the antigen of
- the multispecific antibody may be a full-length antibody, or a fragment of such an antibody (eg, F (ab ') 2 bispecific antibody).
- a bispecific antibody can be prepared by combining heavy and light chains (HL pair) of two types of antibodies, or a hybridoma that produces different monoclonal antibodies can be fused to form a bispecific antibody-producing fusion. It can also be produced by producing cells (Millstein et al., Nature (1983) 305, p. 537-539).
- the antibody of the present invention may be a single chain antibody (also described as scFv).
- Single-chain antibodies are obtained by linking the heavy chain V region and the light chain V region of the antibody with a polypeptide linker (Pluckthun, The Pharmacology of Monoclonal Antibodies, 113 (Edited by Rosenburg and Moore, Springer Verlag, New York, p. 269-315 (1994), Nature Biotechnology (2005), 23, p. 1126-1136), and a BiscFv fragment prepared by linking two scFvs with a polypeptide linker as a bispecific antibody. It can also be used.
- the heavy chain V region and the light chain V region are linked via a non-conjugated linker, preferably a polypeptide linker (Huston, J. S. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.U.S.A. (1988), 85, pages 5879-5883).
- the heavy chain V region and the light chain V region in the scFv may be derived from the same antibody or from separate antibodies. For example, any single-chain peptide consisting of 12 to 19 residues is used as a polypeptide linker linking V regions.
- the DNA encoding the scFv is a DNA encoding the heavy chain or heavy chain V region of the antibody, and a DNA encoding the light chain or light chain V region, all or the desired amino acid sequence of those sequences.
- the DNA fragment to be encoded is used as a template and amplified by PCR using a primer pair that defines both ends, and then DNA encoding the polypeptide linker moiety is further ligated to heavy chain and light chain respectively. It is obtained by combining and amplifying the primer pair prescribed in.
- an expression vector containing them and a host transformed with the expression vector can be obtained according to a conventional method, and by using the host, ScFv can be obtained according to the method.
- the antibodies of the present invention may be multimerized to increase the affinity for the antigen.
- the antibody to be multimerized may be a single antibody or multiple antibodies that recognize multiple epitopes of the same antigen. Examples of methods for multimerizing antibodies include binding of an IgG CH3 domain to two scFvs, binding to streptavicin, introduction of a helix-turn-helix motif, and the like.
- the antibody of the present invention may be a polyclonal antibody which is a mixture of multiple types of anti-Siglec-15 antibodies having different amino acid sequences.
- a polyclonal antibody a mixture of multiple types of antibodies with different CDRs can be mentioned.
- a mixture of cells producing different antibodies can be cultured, and antibodies purified from the culture can be used (see WO 2004/061104).
- antibodies conjugated to various molecules such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) can also be used.
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- the resulting antibodies can be purified to homogeneity.
- separation and purification methods used for ordinary proteins may be used.
- antibodies can be separated and purified by appropriately selecting and combining chromatography columns, filters, ultrafiltration, salting out, dialysis, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for preparation, isoelectric focusing electrophoresis, etc. (Strategies for Protein Purification and Charcterization: A Laboratoy Course Manual, Daniel R. Marshak et al. Eds., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (1996); Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual. Ed Harlow and David Lane, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (198) )) It is not intended to be limited thereto.
- chromatography examples include affinity chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, hydrophobic chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, reverse phase chromatography, adsorption chromatography and the like.
- chromatographies can be performed using liquid chromatographies, such as HPLC and FPLC.
- the anti-Siglec-15 antibody in the present invention is an antibody having an activity of suppressing formation of osteoclasts and / or bone resorption by osteoclasts.
- the said activity which anti-Siglec-15 antibody has can be evaluated by measuring the activity which suppresses the differentiation to the osteoclast of the cell which overexpresses Siglec-15 in vitro.
- anti-Siglec-15 antibody is added to mouse monocyte-derived cell line RAW264.7 cells or RAW264 cells at various concentrations, and osteoclastic cells are induced by RANKL (receptor activator of NF- ⁇ B) or TNF- ⁇ stimulation.
- RANKL receptor activator of NF- ⁇ B
- TNF- ⁇ stimulation can be measured.
- anti-Siglec-15 antibody is added to bone marrow-derived primary culture cells at various concentrations, and inhibition of differentiation to osteoclasts by stimulation with RANKL, TNF- ⁇ or active vitamin D 3 can be measured. it can.
- anti-Siglec-15 antibodies can be added to normal human osteoclast precursors at various concentrations, and the inhibitory activity on differentiation into osteoclasts by RANKL and M-CSF stimulation can be measured.
- Such an osteoclast differentiation inhibitory effect can be measured using inhibition of the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) activity of osteoclasts as an index.
- TRACP tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
- the inhibitory effect on osteoclast differentiation can also be measured using suppression of formation of TRACP-positive multinucleated osteoclasts, that is, suppression of cell fusion of osteoclasts as an indicator.
- an antibody exhibiting a cell fusion inhibitory effect at a concentration of 30 ⁇ g / ml or less, or an inhibitory effect at a concentration of 3 ⁇ g / ml or less or 1 ⁇ g / ml or less is selected be able to.
- an antibody exhibiting an osteoclast differentiation inhibitory effect in the range of 63 ng / ml to 1 ⁇ g / ml may be selected.
- an antibody exhibiting an inhibitory effect on bone resorption can be selected at a concentration of 3 ⁇ g / ml or less, ie, in the range of 0.3 ⁇ g / ml to 3 ⁇ g / ml.
- the activity possessed by the anti-Siglec-15 antibody can be confirmed by measuring the change in osteoclasts in the secondary sea area bone region.
- anti-Siglec-15 antibodies that can be used in the present invention may include anti-Siglec-15 antibodies disclosed in WO2009 / 048072, WO2010 / 110711, WO2013 / 147212, WO2013 / 147213, WO2012 / 045481 etc. .
- an anti-Siglec-15 antibody that can be used in the present invention includes an antibody produced by the above hybridoma # 32A1 (FERM BP-10999) (hereinafter referred to as “# 32A1 antibody”), and the # 32A1 antibody has SEQ ID NO: 21 It has a heavy chain variable region consisting of an amino acid sequence consisting of amino acid residues 20 to 140 and a light chain variable region consisting of an amino acid sequence consisting of amino acid residues 21 to 132 of SEQ ID NO: 22.
- anti-Siglec-15 antibodies that can be used in the present invention include, in binding to Siglec-15, an epitope that competes with the # 32A1 antibody or has a common epitope, and is formed by osteoclasts and / or by osteoclasts.
- the epitope of the # 32A1 antibody is the amino acid sequence of human Siglec-15 V-set domain ((Accession number NP_ 998767 of the protein database of NCBI or the 39th to 165th amino acid residues of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 in the sequence listing Domain).
- a humanized antibody of # 32A1 antibody preferably, a humanized antibody of # 32A1 antibody, or a CDR variant thereof can be mentioned.
- a heavy chain comprising a heavy chain variable region consisting of an amino acid sequence consisting of amino acid residues 20 to 140 of SEQ ID NO: 7, and amino acids 21 to 133 of SEQ ID NO: 8 A combination of light chains comprising a light chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence comprising residues, a heavy chain comprising a heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence comprising amino acid residues 20 to 140 of SEQ ID NO: 9, and SEQ ID NO: 8 A combination of a light chain comprising a light chain variable region consisting of an amino acid sequence consisting of amino acid residues 21 to 133, a heavy chain variable region consisting of an amino acid sequence consisting of amino acid residues 20 to 140 of SEQ ID NO: 9 A combination of a light chain comprising a heavy chain and a
- More preferable humanized antibody is a heavy chain comprising a heavy chain variable region consisting of an amino acid sequence consisting of the 20th to 466th amino acid residues of SEQ ID NO: 7 and a 21st to 238th amino acid residues of SEQ ID NO: 8
- a combination of light chains comprising a light chain variable region consisting of an amino acid sequence, a heavy chain comprising a heavy chain variable region consisting of an amino acid sequence consisting of the 20th to 466th amino acid residues of SEQ ID NO: 9, and 21 to 238 of SEQ ID NO: 8
- a combination of a light chain comprising a light chain variable region consisting of an amino acid sequence consisting of amino acid residues 21 to 238 of SEQ ID NO: 10 an
- the heavy chain variable region of antibody # 32A1 comprises CDRH1 (DYFMN) consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, CDRH2 (QIRNKIYTYATFYA) consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13, and amino acids shown in SEQ ID NO: 14 It holds CDRH3 (SLTGGDYFDY) consisting of a sequence.
- the light chain variable region of the # 32A1 antibody comprises CDRL1 (RASQSVTISGYSFIH) consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 15, CDRL2 (RASNLAS) consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 16, and amino acids shown in SEQ ID NO: 17 It holds CDRL3 (QQSRKSPWT) consisting of a sequence.
- CDR variant of the humanized antibody # 32A1 antibody there can be mentioned an antibody in which the third threonine residue of CDRH3 of SEQ ID NO: 14 in the humanized antibody # 32A1 is substituted with a glutamic acid residue.
- Siglec-15 is a basic protein, and the introduction of acidic amino acid residues such as aspartic acid and glutamic acid into the antibody sequence is expected to improve the binding ability by forming an ionic bond between antigen and antibody. .
- CDRH3 (SLEGGDYFDY) having the above substitution corresponds to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18 in the sequence listing.
- a CDR variant comprises a heavy chain comprising a heavy chain variable region consisting of an amino acid sequence consisting of the 20th to 140th amino acid residues of SEQ ID NO: 19 and a 21st to 133rd amino acid residue of SEQ ID NO: 20
- a combination of light chains comprising a light chain variable region consisting of an amino acid sequence can be mentioned.
- CDR variants are a heavy chain having an amino acid sequence consisting of the 20th to 466th amino acid residues of SEQ ID NO: 19 and a light chain having an amino acid sequence consisting of the 21st to 238th amino acid residues of SEQ ID NO: 20 Antibodies can be mentioned.
- the above CDRs It is not limited to the variant.
- the present invention also includes the antibody that receives the modification, a deletion form in which one or two amino acids are deleted at the heavy chain carboxyl terminus, and a deletion form that is amidated (for example, a carboxyl terminal site Heavy chain in which a proline residue is amidated) and the like can be mentioned.
- deletion of the carboxyl terminus of the heavy chain of the antibody according to the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned type, as long as the antigen binding ability and effector function are maintained.
- the two heavy chains constituting the antibody according to the present invention may be any one kind of heavy chain selected from the group consisting of full length and the above-mentioned deletion product, or any two kinds thereof are combined. It may be something.
- both main chains of the antibody according to the present invention may be carboxyl in both of two heavy chains. There may be mentioned the case where one terminal amino acid residue is deleted.
- Drug containing anti-Siglec-15 antibody The above-described anti-Siglec-15 antibody can be used as an active ingredient of a drug for treating and / or preventing childhood osteoporosis.
- Childhood osteoporosis refers to osteoporosis that develops in growing children (up to about 17 years of age).
- the causes of childhood osteoporosis are various and include childhood osteoporosis due to bone insufficiency or idiopathic childhood osteoporosis (classified as primary osteoporosis), as well as neurological diseases, endocrine and inflammatory diseases, blood diseases, or drug administration.
- childhood osteoporosis (classified as secondary osteoporosis).
- "child osteoporosis” is child osteoporosis that develops upon administration of a drug.
- Examples of drugs causing childhood osteoporosis include, but are not limited to, steroids such as methylprednisolone and prednisolone, and immunosuppressants such as tacrolimus, cyclosporine and methotrexate. More preferably, "child's osteoporosis" in the present invention is child's steroid osteoporosis caused by administration of a steroid drug. Since children are at a remarkable period of bone formation and growth, they are susceptible to existing potent bone resorption inhibitors such as bisphosphonates administered for the treatment of osteoporosis. Therefore, childhood osteoporosis is a disease in which the occurrence of serious growth disorders, bone structural abnormalities, and bone structural abnormalities is feared when treated with a bone resorption inhibitor.
- the anti-Siglec-15 antibody described above in the present invention can be provided in the form of a pharmaceutical composition together with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, carrier, solubilizer, emulsifier, preservative and / or adjuvant.
- the pharmaceutical composition can include a therapeutically and / or prophylactically effective amount of the above-described anti-Siglec-15 antibody.
- the substance to be used for the acceptable formulation in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably one that is nontoxic to the person to whom the pharmaceutical composition is administered, preferably at the dosage and concentration.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention changes or holds pH, osmotic pressure, viscosity, transparency, color, isotonicity, sterility, stability, dissolution rate, sustained release rate, absorption rate, permeability. It can contain substances for formulation of The substances for preparation may include, but are not limited to: amino acids such as glycine, alanine, glutamine, asparagine, arginine or lysine, antibacterial agents, ascorbic acid, sodium sulfate or sodium bisulfite, etc.
- Antioxidants buffers such as phosphoric acid, citric acid, borate buffer, sodium hydrogen carbonate, tris-hydrochloric acid (Tris-Hcl) solution, fillers such as mannitol and glycine, chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) , Caffeine, polyvinyl pyrrolidine, complexing agents such as ⁇ -cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, extenders such as glucose, mannose or dextrin, other carbohydrates such as monosaccharides and disaccharides, coloring agents, flavors Agents, diluents, emulsifiers, polyvinyl pyrrolidine etc.
- Tris-Hcl tris-hydrochloric acid
- Hydrophilic polymer low molecular weight polypeptide, salt forming counter ion, benzalkonium chloride, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, thimerosal, phenethyl alcohol, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, chlorexidine, chloric acid, sorbic acid or hydrogen peroxide etc., glycerin, propylene ⁇ Solvents such as glycol or polyethylene glycol, sugar alcohols such as mannitol or sorbitol, suspensions, sorbitan esters, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, etc.
- polysorbate triton, tromethamine, tromethamine, lecithin or Surfactants such as cholesterol, Stabilizers such as sucrose and sorbitol, Elasticity enhancers such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride and mannitol / sorbitol, Transport agents, Diluents Excipients and / or pharmaceutically adjuvants.
- the addition amount of the substance for these preparations is preferably 0.01 to 100 times, particularly preferably 0.1 to 10 times, the weight of the anti-Siglec-15 antibody.
- the composition of a suitable pharmaceutical composition in a preparation can be appropriately determined by those skilled in the art according to the disease to be applied, the administration route of application, and the like.
- the excipient or carrier in the pharmaceutical composition may be liquid or solid. Suitable excipients and carriers may be water or saline for injection, artificial cerebrospinal fluid, or other substances commonly used for parenteral administration. Neutral saline or saline containing serum albumin can also be used as a carrier.
- the pharmaceutical composition can also contain Tris buffer of pH 7.0-8.5, acetate buffer of pH 4.0-5.5, and sorbitol and other compounds in them.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is prepared as a freeze-dried product or liquid as a drug having a selected composition and the required purity.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can also be shaped as a lyophilizate using appropriate excipients such as sucrose.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be prepared for parenteral administration or can be prepared for oral gastrointestinal absorption.
- the composition and concentration of the preparation can be determined by the administration method, and the affinity of the anti-Siglec-15 antibody for Siglec-15 contained in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention, ie, the dissociation constant (Kd value for Siglec-15) ), The higher the affinity (the lower the Kd value), the smaller the dose administered to humans can be exerted, and based on this result, the dose of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention to humans is determined.
- the dose may be about 0.1 to 100 mg / kg once every 1 to 180 days.
- Examples of the form of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention include an injection containing a drop, a suppository, a nasal agent, a sublingual agent, a percutaneous absorption agent and the like.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may include one or more components effective for the treatment and / or prevention of bone diseases, together with the anti-Siglec-15 antibody.
- Such components include active vitamin D 3 , calcitonin and derivatives thereof, hormone preparations such as estradiol, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), ipriflavone, vitamin K 2 (menatetrenone), calcium preparations, PTH (parathyroid hormone) preparations
- SERMs selective estrogen receptor modulators
- ipriflavone vitamin K 2 (menatetrenone)
- PTH parathyroid hormone
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent soluble TNF receptor preparation, anti-TNF ⁇ antibody or functional fragment of the antibody
- anti-PTHrP parathyroid hormone-related protein antibody or functional fragment of the antibody
- IL-1 receptor antagonist anti-IL And the like, but not limited thereto.
- the components may be contained in the same formulation as the anti-Siglec-15 antibody, or may be supplied together or separately in a different formulation from the anti-Siglec-15 antibody. Alternatively, the component may be supplied in the form bound to an anti-Siglec-15 antibody or a functional fragment thereof.
- the binding mode of the anti-Siglec-15 antibody or a functional fragment thereof to the component is described in M.I. C. Garnet "Targeted drug conjugates: principles and progress", Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, (2001) 53, 171-216, G. T. Hermanson “Bioconjugate Techniques” Academic Press, California (1996), Putnam and J.A.
- Various forms described in Kopecek “Polymer Conjugates with Anticancer Activity”, Advances in Polymer Science (1995) 122, 55-123, etc. can be used.
- Non-decalcified hard tissue samples Coronal slices of the proximal half of the left tibia (about 1.5 cm in length) were used. After immersion fixing in 70% ethanol, it was stored in a cool and dark place. The obtained non-decalcified hard tissue samples were used for Villanueva staining, bright field observation and fluorescence observation, and quantitative bone morphometry. Demineralized tissue preparation: A knee joint dissection was performed, and a specimen of a coronal tissue in the proximal tibia (right knee tibia proximal 1/2), as well as a fifth lumbar vertebral coronal tissue was prepared. From the above non-decalcified hard tissue samples and decalcified tissue samples, growth cartilage plate width measurement and growth velocity measurement in the longitudinal direction were performed histologically to evaluate growth disorders (“new bone morphometry”, 2014 Year, Winnett Publishing).
- Osteoclasts were detected and evaluated by chemical staining (hereinafter referred to as "TRACP staining") for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) and counter staining with methyl green.
- TRACP staining chemical staining
- the growing cartilage area was detected and evaluated by safranin O staining (staining acid mucopolysaccharide).
- Bone formation marker (serum osteocalcin) and bone resorption marker (serum TRACP-5b) in blood samples collected before and after the start of the administration observation period The measurement results of are shown in FIG.
- the amount of serum TRACP-5b at the end of the administration observation period (at 12 weeks of age) was found to decrease depending on the dose of the administered drug in both the Sig-15 Ab administration group and the ALN administration group. (Fig. 3 (A)).
- the serum osteocalcin amount was not significantly different from that of the Ctl group in any of the administration groups. The same tendency was also observed for the amount of change over the observation period of administration (FIG. 3 (B)).
- FIG. 4A shows a coronal cross-sectional photograph of an image (3D-CT image) obtained by micro-CT imaging the proximal portion of the tibia and three-dimensional reconstruction of acquired data. No significant change was observed in any of the Sig-15 Ab administration group compared to the Ctl group.
- the ALN administration group particularly in the high dose administration group, it exhibits a cup-like form (that is, a small amount of change in bone thickness from the proximal part to the distal side) (normally a flap form) There was also a decrease in growth cartilage plate width (arrowhead).
- Fig. 4-1 shows the results of observation of the growth cartilage and the primary cancellous bone area immediately below the growth cartilage using a Safranin O-stained (stained acid mucopolysaccharide) specimen used for evaluation of cartilage. . Similar to the 3D-CT image, the width of the growth cartilage was found to decrease in the ALN administration group. In addition, no difference from the Ctl group was observed in the Siglec-15 antibody-administered group for the area of safranin O-staining positive (red) recognized in bone in the primary cancellous bone area, but the area increased in the ALN-administered group.
- the region extends from the proliferation layer to the hypertrophic chondrocyte layer and the calcified chondrocyte layer in the long axis direction
- the regions tended to have irregular sequences, while they were ordered along.
- Fig. 4-1 shows the results of performing Villanueva staining by preparing a non-decalcified tissue sample of the proximal tibia obtained by labeling with calcein 7 days before and 3 days before euthanasia.
- the label site (arrow (upper)) in the proximal area is the area labeled three days before the site (arrow (lower) ) Indicate the areas labeled 7 days before the subject.
- Bone growth rate was assessed based on the distance between the two labeled areas. As a result, it was confirmed that the distance in the Sig-15 Ab administration group was not different from that in the Ctl administration group, and that there was no difference in bone growth rate between the two. On the other hand, it was confirmed that the distance in the ALN administration group (particularly, the high dose administration group) was decreased compared to that in the Ctl administration group, and that the bone growth rate was reduced in the ALN administration group.
- Fig. 4-2 (D) shows the results of observation of the primary cancellous bone region in the proximal tibia region, using TRACP-stained specimens used for the evaluation of osteoclasts.
- the number of TRACP-positive cells in the Siglec-15 antibody-administered group was not different from the number in the Ctl group, but the number of TRACP-positive cells in the ALN-administered group was clearly reduced.
- results of quantitative evaluation of bone growth rate, growth cartilage width, and osteoclast surface (Oc. Pm / B. Pm (%)) to the bone surface of the primary cancellous bone region are shown in Fig. 4-2 (E). , (F).
- Siglec-15 antibody-administered group no significant difference was observed in any of the bone growth rate, the growth cartilage width, and the osteoclast surface as compared with the Ctl group.
- the ALN administration group especially in the high dose administration group
- the bone growth rate, growth cartilage width, and osteoclastic cell surface of the primary cancellous bone region are significantly reduced compared to the Ctl group. Admitted.
- FIGS. 5-1 and 5-2 Effects of drug on bone mass and mechanical strength Using lumbar vertebrae rich in cancellous bone, the effects of drug administration were evaluated and verified. The results are shown in FIGS. 5-1 and 5-2. Micro-CT imaging was performed on the lumbar spine at the end of the administration observation period (at 12 weeks of age), and a coronal cross-sectional photograph of the lumbar spine obtained from the prepared 3D-CT image is shown in FIG. As compared with the Ctl group, in both the Sig-15 Ab administration group and the ALN administration group, an increase in cancellous bone mass was observed depending on the dose of the administered drug. In the ALN administration group, increase in bone mass in primary cancellous bone was particularly remarkable.
- the measurement result of the bone mineral density of the lumbar spine using DXA method is shown in FIG.
- an increase in BMD level of the lumbar spine was observed depending on the dose of the administered drug.
- 5-1 (B) shows the results of observation of osteoclasts in the primary and secondary cancellous bone regions by TRACP staining of lumbar vertebral tissue.
- a decrease in TRACP-positive cells in the secondary cancellous bone region was observed in both the Sig-15 Ab-administered group and the ALN-administered group compared to the Ctl group, and the osteoclast surface (Oc. Pm / B) to the bone surface was observed.
- Pm (%) a decrease was observed in both the Sig-15 Ab-administered group and the ALN-administered group as compared to the Ctl group (FIG. 5-2 (D)). This result suggests that bone resorption of secondary cancellous bone (remodeling bone) is inhibited by both Sig-15 Ab administration and ALN administration.
- FIG. 5-2 The measurement result of the compression test of a lumbar spine is shown to FIG. 5-2 (E). No significant difference was found in the maximum breaking strength, stiffness and toughness in the Sig-15 Ab administration group as compared with the Ctl group. On the other hand, in the ALN administration group (especially the high dose administration group), a significant increase was observed in the maximum breaking strength and stiffness as compared with the Ctl group. It is suggested that this is caused not only by changes in cancellous bone mass but also by increased bone mass of primary cancellous bone with inhibition of bone resorption.
- A-2 shows the measurement results of bone density at the same site using the DXA method.
- an increase in BMD value was observed in a dose-dependent manner for the administered drug in both the Sig-15 Ab administration group and the ALN administration group. Histologically, there was a dose-dependent increase in bone mass, and an increase in trabecular bone width was observed in the ALN administration group (especially in the high dose administration group).
- FIG. 6-1 (B-1) shows the results of observation of osteoclasts in the secondary cancellous bone region by TRACP staining of a proximal 12-week-old tibia.
- a decrease in TRACP-positive cells was observed in both the Sig-15 Ab-administered group and the ALN-administered group compared to the Ctl group, and the osteoclast surface to the bone surface (Oc. Pm / B. Pm (%)) was decreased in both the Sig-15 Ab-administered group and the ALN-administered group as compared to the Ctl group (FIG. 6-1 (B-2)).
- FIG. 6-2 (C) shows the measurement results of the compression test of the 12-week-old distal femur of the femur. The maximum breaking strength, stiffness, and toughness were observed to increase in a dose-dependent manner in both the Sig-15 Ab administration group and the ALN administration group as compared to the Ctl group.
- both the anti-Siglec-15 antibody and bisphosphonate are useful as therapeutic and preventive agents for osteoporosis because they cause an increase in cancellous bone mass, bone density, and mechanical properties in subjects to be administered.
- inhibition of bone resorption beneath the growing cartilage (primary cancellous bone area) observed upon administration of bisphosphonate, and the resulting growth and modeling of the bone Failure was not confirmed.
- the anti-Siglec-15 antibody is useful as a therapeutic agent and a preventive agent for osteoporosis, particularly in children in the rapid growth phase of bone growth.
- Prednisolone 25 mg / pellet / 60 days was subcutaneously implanted at 6 weeks of age in LEW / CrlCrlj Rat female was adopted as a pediatric steroid osteoporosis report.
- a decrease in femoral BMD is observed at 2, 4 and 6 weeks after Prednisolone implantation, and it has been confirmed that the maximum fracture strength of the femur and lumbar spine is also reduced.
- Prednisolone 25 mg / pellet / 60 days is a dose of 0.42 mg per day. This amount is 3.5 mg / kg / day for a 6-week-old rat (body weight 120 g), which is a dose equivalent to 105 mg / day when converted to a child weighing 30 kg.
- GC + ALN group ALN was subcutaneously administered twice a week at a dose of 0.014 mg / kg (low dose) or a dose of 0.140 mg / kg (high dose) together with GC treatment. PSL subcutaneous implantation and administration of anti-Siglec-15 antibody or ALN were started simultaneously. The dose of each drug was adjusted based on the measurement results of weight once a week.
- Non-decalcified hard tissue samples Coronal slices of the proximal half of the left tibia (about 1.5 cm in length) were used. After immersion fixing in 70% ethanol, it was stored in a cool and dark place. The obtained non-decalcified hard tissue samples were used for Villanueva staining, bright field observation and fluorescence observation, and quantitative bone morphometry. Demineralized tissue preparation: A knee joint dissection was performed, and a specimen of a coronal tissue in the proximal tibia (right knee tibia proximal 1/2), as well as a fifth lumbar vertebral coronal tissue was prepared.
- Bone formation marker (serum osteocalcin) and bone resorption marker (serum TRACP) in blood samples collected before and 6 weeks after the start of the observation period
- the measurement result of -5b) is shown in FIG.
- TRACP-5b which is a bone resorption marker
- serum TRACP-5b decreased significantly in the GC + Siglec-15 Ab group and the GC + ALN group (FIGS. 9A, B).
- osteocalcin which is a bone formation marker also decreased by about 27% in the Sham group from 6 weeks to 12 weeks (Fig.
- Serum osteocalcin showed a slight downward tendency in the GC group, but no significant difference was observed as compared with the Sham group, the GC + Siglec-15 Ab group, and the GC + ALN group (FIGS. 9A, B).
- FIG. 10-1 shows a coronal cross-sectional photograph of an image (3D-CT image) obtained by micro-CT imaging the proximal portion of the tibia and three-dimensional reconstruction of acquired data.
- FIG. 10-1 (B) A non-decalcified tissue specimen labeled with tetracycline 5 days before euthanasia and then 2 days before calcein was observed with a fluorescence microscope (FIG. 10-1 (B)), and the growth rate was evaluated (FIG. 10-2 (F) ).
- FIG. 10-1 (B) the region labeled distally in parallel with the growth cartilage shows a region (white down arrow) labeled 2 days ago, and the region labeled parallel in the distal direction 5 days ago The labeled area (white arrowhead) is shown. Bone growth rate was assessed based on the distance between the two labeled areas. As a result, no significant difference was observed between the Sham group, the GC group, the GC + Siglec-15 Ab group, and the GC + ALN group (FIG. 10-2 (F)).
- Fig. 10-1 (C) shows the results of observation of the growth cartilage and the primary cancellous bone region immediately below the growth cartilage using a Safranin O-stained (stained acid mucopolysaccharide) specimen used for evaluation of cartilage.
- the area of safranin O staining positive (red) in the bone of the primary cancellous bone region (cartilage matrix) is more in the area of safranin O staining positive in the GC + ALN group compared to the Sham group, GC group, GC + Siglec-15Ab group And it was recognized that it was widely distributed to the distal end.
- the growth cartilage width tends to decrease slightly in the GC + ALN group, no statistically significant difference was found as compared with the Sham group, the GC group, and the GC + Siglec-15 Ab group (FIG. 10-2 (E)).
- FIG. 10-2 (D) the result of having observed the TRACP stained sample in order to evaluate the bone resorption of a primary cancellous bone area
- region is shown in FIG. 10-2 (D).
- TRACP positive cells in the GC + Siglec-15 Ab group were comparable to the GC group.
- TRACP positive cells in the GC + ALN group showed a marked decrease compared to the Sham group and the GC group.
- FIG. 11-1 (A) shows a coronal cross-sectional photograph of an image (3D-CT image) obtained by micro-CT imaging of the distal end of the femur. Looking at 3D-CT images, increased bone mass was observed in the area just above the growth zone in the GC group compared to the Sham group, but the secondary cancellous bone area (within the frame) located proximal to the growth zone There was a decrease in bone mass (Figure 11-1 (A)).
- Bone mass (BV / TV (%)) tends to decrease in the GC group compared to the Sham group, and significantly increases in the GC + Siglec-15 Ab group and the GC + ALN group (high dose) compared to the GC group was recognized.
- Trabecular bone width (Tb.Th ( ⁇ m)) was not significantly different in GC group compared with Sham group, but trabecular number in GC + Siglec-15 Ab group (Tb.N (N / mm)) There was a significant increase compared to the GC group.
- the BMD in the distal femur was lower in the GC group compared to the Sham group, and compared to the GC group in the GC + Siglec-15 Ab group and the GC + ALN group. There was a dose-dependent increase (Fig. 11-1 (C)).
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Abstract
Description
すなわち、本発明は、以下の発明を包含する。
[1] Siglec−15に結合し、かつ破骨細胞の形成及び/又は破骨細胞による骨吸収を抑制する活性を有する抗体又はその機能性断片を含む、小児骨粗鬆症を治療及び/又は予防するための医薬組成物。
[2] 前記抗体が、モノクローナル抗体である、[1]の医薬組成物。
[3] 前記抗体が、配列表の配列番号12に示されるアミノ酸配列からなるCDRH1、配列表の配列番号13に示されるアミノ酸配列からなるCDRH2及び配列表の配列番号14に示されるアミノ酸配列からなるCDRH3を含む重鎖、並びに、配列表の配列番号15に示されるアミノ酸配列からなるCDRL1、配列表の配列番号16に示されるアミノ酸配列からなるCDRL2及び配列表の配列番号17に示されるアミノ酸配列からなるCDRL3を含む軽鎖からなる、[1]の医薬組成物。
[4] 前記抗体が、キメラ抗体、ヒト化抗体、又はヒト抗体である、[1]~[3]のいずれかの医薬組成物。
[5] 前記抗体の機能性断片が、Fab、F(ab’)2、Fab’、Fv、又はscFvである、[1]~[4]のいずれかの医薬組成物。
[6] [1]~[5]のいずれかの医薬組成物を投与することを含む、小児骨粗鬆症の治療及び/又は予防方法。
また、本発明は、以下の発明をも包含する。
[1] Siglec−15に結合し、かつ破骨細胞の形成及び/又は破骨細胞による骨吸収を抑制する活性を有する抗体又はその機能性断片を含む、小児骨粗鬆症を治療及び/又は予防するための医薬組成物。
[2] 成長障害、骨構造異常及び/又は骨質異常を生じない、[1]の医薬組成物。
[3] 小児骨粗鬆症が、薬剤投与により発症する小児骨粗鬆症である、[1]又は[2]の医薬組成物。
[4] 小児骨粗鬆症が、小児ステロイド性骨粗鬆症である、[1]又は[2]の医薬組成物。
[5] 前記抗体が、モノクローナル抗体である、[1]~[4]のいずれかの医薬組成物。
[6] 前記抗体が、配列表の配列番号12に示されるアミノ酸配列からなるCDRH1、配列表の配列番号13に示されるアミノ酸配列からなるCDRH2及び配列表の配列番号14に示されるアミノ酸配列からなるCDRH3を含む重鎖、並びに、配列表の配列番号15に示されるアミノ酸配列からなるCDRL1、配列表の配列番号16に示されるアミノ酸配列からなるCDRL2及び配列表の配列番号17に示されるアミノ酸配列からなるCDRL3を含む軽鎖からなる、[1]~[4]のいずれかの医薬組成物。
[7] 前記抗体が、キメラ抗体、ヒト化抗体、又はヒト抗体である、[1]~[6]のいずれかの医薬組成物。
[8] 前記抗体の機能性断片が、Fab、F(ab’)2、Fab’、Fv、又はscFvである、[1]~[7]のいずれかの医薬組成物。
[9] [1]~[8]のいずれかの医薬組成物を投与することを含む、小児骨粗鬆症の治療及び/又は予防方法。
[10] 小児骨粗鬆症を治療及び/又は予防するための医薬組成物の製造における、Siglec−15に結合し、かつ破骨細胞の形成及び/又は破骨細胞による骨吸収を抑制する活性を有する抗体又はその機能性断片の使用。
[11] 小児骨粗鬆症の治療及び/又は予防方法において使用される、Siglec−15に結合し、かつ破骨細胞の形成及び/又は破骨細胞による骨吸収を抑制する活性を有する抗体又はその機能性断片。
本明細書は本願の優先権の基礎である日本国特許出願2017−129129号の明細書および/または図面に記載される内容を包含する。
本明細書で引用した全ての刊行物、特許および特許出願をそのまま参考として本明細書にとり入れるものとする。
Siglec−15遺伝子は巨細胞腫(Giant cell tumor;GCT)において有意に発現量が増加していることが確認された遺伝子であり、また、単球由来細胞株が破骨細胞に分化する際に発現量が増加することが確認されている遺伝子である(WO2009/048072)。
本発明のSiglec−15に対する抗体は、常法を用いて、Siglec−15又はSiglec−15のアミノ酸配列から選択される任意のポリペプチドを動物に免疫し、生体内に産生される抗体を採取、精製することによって得ることができる。抗原となるSiglec−15の生物種はヒトに限定されず、マウス、ラット等のヒト以外の動物に由来するSiglec−15を動物に免疫することもできる。この場合には、取得された異種Siglec−15に結合する抗体とヒトSiglec−15との交差性を試験することによって、ヒトの疾患に適用可能な抗体を選別できる。
抗Siglec−15抗体を作製するための抗原としては、Siglec−15又はその少なくとも6個の連続した部分アミノ酸配列からなるポリペプチド、あるいはこれらに任意のアミノ酸配列や担体が付加された誘導体を挙げることができる。このような抗原としては、例えば、以下の(a)~(i)に示すアミノ酸配列からなるポリペプチドから選択することができる;
(a)配列表の配列番号2に示されるアミノ酸配列;
(b)配列表の配列番号2に示されるアミノ酸配列の21番目から328番目のアミノ酸残基からなるアミノ酸配列;
(c)配列表の配列番号2に示されるアミノ酸配列の1番目から260番目のアミノ酸残基からなるアミノ酸配列;
(d)配列表の配列番号2に示されるアミノ酸配列の21番目から260番目のアミノ酸残基からなるアミノ酸配列;
(e)配列表の配列番号4に示されるアミノ酸配列;
(f)配列表の配列番号4に示されるアミノ酸配列の21番目から341番目のアミノ酸残基からなるアミノ酸配列;
(g)配列表の配列番号4に示されるアミノ酸配列の1番目から258番目のアミノ酸残基からなるアミノ酸配列;
(h)配列表の配列番号4に示されるアミノ酸配列の21番目から258番目のアミノ酸残基からなるアミノ酸配列;
(i)(a)~(h)に記載のアミノ酸配列に1~数アミノ酸残基の置換、欠失又は付加を伴うアミノ酸配列。
(j)配列番号1に示されるヌクレオチド配列;
(k)配列番号3に示されるヌクレオチド配列;
(l)配列番号5に示されるヌクレオチド配列;
(m)配列番号6に示されるヌクレオチド配列;
(n)(j)~(m)に記載のヌクレオチド配列と相補的なヌクレオチド配列からなるポリヌクレオチドとストリンジェントな条件でハイブリダイズするポリヌクレオチドが保有するヌクレオチド配列。
Siglec−15と特異的に結合する抗体の例として、Siglec−15と特異的に結合するモノクローナル抗体を挙げることができるが、その取得方法は、以下に記載する通りである。
(a)抗原として使用する生体高分子の精製、
(b)抗原を動物に注射することにより免疫した後、血液を採取しその抗体価を検定して脾臓摘出の時期を決定してから、抗体産生細胞を調製する工程、
(c)骨髄腫細胞(以下「ミエローマ」という)の調製、
(d)抗体産生細胞とミエローマとの細胞融合、
(e)目的とする抗体を産生するハイブリドーマ群の選別、
(f)単一細胞クローンへの分割(クローニング)、
(g)場合によっては、モノクローナル抗体を大量に製造するためのハイブリドーマの培養、又はハイブリドーマを移植した動物の飼育、
(h)このようにして製造されたモノクローナル抗体の生理活性、及びその結合特異性の検討、あるいは標識試薬としての特性の検定、等である。
抗原としては、前記したような方法で調製したSiglec−15又はその一部を使用することができる。
工程(a)で得られた抗原と、フロインドの完全又は不完全アジュバント、又はカリミョウバンのような助剤とを混合し、免疫原として実験動物に免疫する。実験動物は公知のハイブリドーマ作製法に用いられる動物を支障なく使用することができる。具体的には、たとえばマウス、ラット、ヤギ、ヒツジ、ウシ、ウマ等を使用することができる。ただし、摘出した抗体産生細胞と融合させるミエローマ細胞の入手容易性等の観点から、マウス又はラットを被免疫動物とするのが好ましい。
細胞融合に用いるミエローマ細胞には特段の制限はなく、公知の細胞株から適宜選択して用いることができる。ただし、融合細胞からハイブリドーマを選択する際の利便性を考慮して、その選択手続が確立しているHGPRT(Hipoxanthine−guanine phosphoribosyl transferase)欠損株を用いるのが好ましい。
抗体産生細胞とミエローマ細胞との融合は、公知の方法(Weir,D.M.,Handbook of Experimental Immunology Vol.I.II.III.,Blackwell Scientific Publications,Oxford(1987)、Kabat,E.A. and Mayer,M.M.,Experimental Immunochemistry,Charles C Thomas Publisher Spigfield,Illinois(1964)等)に従い、細胞の生存率を極度に低下させない程度の条件下で適宜実施することができる。
上記細胞融合により得られるハイブリドーマの選択方法は特に制限はないが、通常HAT(ヒポキサンチン・アミノブテリン・チミジン)選択法(Kohler et al.,Nature(1975)256,p.495;Milstein etval.,Nature(1977)266,p.550)が用いられる。
ハイブリドーマのクローニング法としては、例えばメチルセルロース法、軟アガロース法、限界希釈法等の公知の方法を用いることができる(例えば、Barbara,B.M. and Stanley,M.S.:Selected Methods in Cellular Immunology,W.H.Freeman and Company,San Francisco(1980))。これらの方法のうち、特に限界希釈法が好適である。
このようにして選択されたハイブリドーマは、これを培養することにより、モノクローナル抗体を効率よく得ることができるが、培養に先立ち、目的とするモノクローナル抗体を産生するハイブリドーマをスクリーニングすることが望ましい。
かくして得られたモノクローナル抗体のアイソタイプ及びサブクラスの決定は以下のように行うことができる。
本発明の抗体には、上記Siglec−15に対するモノクローナル抗体に加え、ヒトに対する異種抗原性を低下させること等を目的として人為的に改変した遺伝子組換え型抗体、例えば、キメラ(Chimeric)抗体、ヒト化(Humanized)抗体、ヒト抗体等も含まれる。これらの抗体は、既知の方法を用いて製造することができる。
上述の抗Siglec−15抗体は、小児骨粗鬆症を治療及び/又は予防するための医薬の有効成分として用いることができる。
A.成長期健常ラットを用いた評価
I.実験方法
6週齢の成長期雄性F344 Ratを用いた。
(i)コントロール群(以下、「Ctl群」と記載)
(ii)抗Siglec−15抗体投与群(以下、「Sig−15 Ab投与群」と記載):抗Siglec−15抗体は、上記#32A1抗体を用いた。抗Siglec−15抗体は0.25、1、4mg/kgの用量にて、3週間に一度、皮下投与した。
(iii)ビスフォスフォネート投与群(以下、「ALN投与群」と記載):Alendronate(ALN)(LKT Laboratories社製)を0.028、0.140mg/kgの用量にて、1週間に2度皮下投与した。
各薬剤の投与量は、1週間に一度行った体重の測定結果に基づいて調整した。
投与開始から6週間(6週齢から12週齢)。当該期間の終了後(12週齢)に安楽死させて評価を行った。
各実験群のラットは、Specific−pathogen free (SPF)環境下で、通常飼料にて飼育した。餌、水へはアクセスフリーとした。
骨ラベリングのために、安楽死の7日前と3日前(4日間のインターバル)にカルセインを投与した。カルセインは、1.4%重曹溶液中に、10mg/mlの濃度で溶解し、10mg/kgの用量で各動物に皮下注射した。
<縦断的評価>
(i)頭胴長及び体重
頭胴長の測定は投与0、3、6週間後に行った。体重測定は、1週間に一度行った。
(ii)大腿骨長
大腿骨長の測定は、麻酔下、マイクロCT撮影により3週間毎に行った。
(iii)骨形成マーカーと骨吸収マーカー
投与開始前と投与6週間後、安楽死前に尾静脈から採血し、血中の骨形成マーカー(血清オステオカルシン)と骨吸収マーカー(血清TRACP−5b)の値をELISA法により測定した。
各種操作は、図1に記載のスケジュールに従って実施した。
安楽死させた後、解剖して大腿骨、脛骨、腰椎を採取して評価サンプルとした。
(i)骨形態計測
大腿骨、脛骨、第5腰椎のマイクロCT撮影を行い、右大腿骨長軸長を測定した。
非脱灰硬組織標本:左脛骨近位1/2(長さ約1.5cm)の冠状断組織を利用した。70%エタノールに浸漬固定した後、冷暗所に保存した。得られた非脱灰硬組織標本は、Villanueva染色、明視野観察及び蛍光観察、ならびに定量的骨形態計測に用いた。
脱灰組織標本:膝関節離断し、脛骨近位部の冠状断組織(右膝脛骨近位1/2)、ならびに第5腰椎冠状断組織の標本を作製した。
上記非脱灰硬組織標本および脱灰組織標本より、成長軟骨板幅の計測と長軸方向への成長速度計測を組織学的に行い、成長障害を評価した(「新しい骨形態計測」、2014年、ウイネット出版)。
成長軟骨部は、サフラニンO染色(酸性ムコ多糖類を染色)により検出・評価した。
第2、3、4、6腰椎椎体と左大腿骨遠位骨幹端部について、圧縮試験を行い、最大破断強度(破断するまでに耐えた最大の荷重)、剛性(変形しにくさ)、及び靱性(破断までに要したエネルギー)について評価した。
骨密度測定装置(日立アロメディカル社製)を用いて、Dual Energy X−Ray Absorptiometry(DXA)法により、腰椎(第1~3腰椎)、左大腿骨遠位端のBMD測定を行った。
(1)薬剤による頭胴長及び体重への影響
投与観察期間の開始から縦断的に頭胴長及び大腿骨長を計測した結果を図2に示す。投与観察期間の終了時(12週齢の時点)で、Sig−15 Ab投与群はCtl群と比較して、頭胴長及び大腿骨長に有意な差は認められなかった。一方、ALN投与群はCtl群と比較して、頭胴長及び大腿骨長の低下が認められた(図2(A)。同様の傾向が、投与観察期間にわたる頭胴長及び大腿骨長の変化量についても認められた(図2(B))。
投与観察期間の開始前後に採血された血液サンプル中の骨形成マーカー(血清オステオカルシン)と骨吸収マーカー(血清TRACP−5b)の測定結果を図3に示す。投与観察期間の終了時(12週齢の時点)における血清TRACP−5b量は、Sig−15 Ab投与群及びALN投与群のいずれにおいても、投与した薬剤の用量依存的に低下することが認められた(図3(A))。一方、血清オステオカルシン量については、いずれの投与群においてもCtl群と有意な差は認められなかった。同様の傾向が、投与観察期間にわたる変化量についても認められた(図3(B))。
投与観察期間の終了時(12週齢の時点)の脛骨近位部について、薬剤による成長への影響を組織学的に評価した結果を図4−1、図4−2に示す。図4−1(A)は、当該脛骨近位部をマイクロCT撮影し、取得データを3次元再構築して得られた画像(3D−CT画像)の冠状断面写真を示す。Sig−15 Ab投与群はいずれも、Ctl群と比較して大きな変化は認められなかった。一方、ALN投与群においては、特に高用量投与群において、カップ状の形態(すなわち、近位部から遠位側にかけて骨の太さの変化量が少ない)を呈し(正常ではラッパ状の形態)、また成長軟骨板幅(矢頭)の減少が認められた。
海綿骨の豊富な腰椎を用いて、薬剤投与による影響を評価検証した結果を図5−1、図5−2に示す。投与観察期間の終了時(12週齢の時点)の腰椎についてマイクロCT撮影を行い、作製された3D−CT画像より得られた腰椎の冠状断面写真を図5−1(A)に示す。Ctl群と比較して、Sig−15 Ab投与群及びALN投与群のいずれにおいても、投与薬剤の用量依存的に海綿骨骨量の増加が認められた。ALN投与群では、一次海綿骨での骨量増加がとくに顕著であった。
海綿骨量の多い脛骨近位部、及び大腿骨遠位骨幹端部を用いて、薬剤投与による長管骨への影響を評価検証した結果を図6−1、図6−2に示す。投与観察期間の終了時(12週齢の時点)の大腿骨遠位端部についてマイクロCT撮影を行い、作製された3D−CT画像より得られた大腿骨の冠状断面写真を図6−1(A−1)に示す。Ctl群と比較して、Sig−15 Ab投与群及びALN投与群のいずれにおいても、投与薬剤の用量依存的に海綿骨骨量の増加が認められた。図6−1(A−2)には、DXA法を用いた同部位の骨密度の測定結果を示す。Ctl群と比較して、Sig−15 Ab投与群及びALN投与群のいずれにおいても、投与薬剤の用量依存的にBMD値の増大が認められた。組織学的にも用量依存的に骨量の増加が認められ、ALN投与群(特に高用量投与群)では骨梁幅の増加が認められた。
I.実験方法
6週齢の成長期雌性LEW/CrlCrlj Ratを用いた。
骨粗鬆症モデル動物として、げっ歯類ではマウスにGlucocorticoidsを投与するモデルが用いられることが多いが、Glucocorticoids投与によって、ヒトと同じ様に骨量減少を示す系統はSwiss Webster及びFVB/Nの2つの系統に限られている(Thiele S,et al.Bone KEy Reports 3:552(2014))。しかし、これらの系統でも20週齢以前の骨成長が完了していない若いマウスでは骨量減少は起こらないとされており、小児骨粗鬆症モデルとして確立されたマウスは存在しない。また、薬剤の骨量や構造、骨成長に対する影響を観察するには、マウスは小さく適当でない場合がある。
なお、Prednisolone 25mg/pellet/60daysは1日当たり0.42mgの投与となる。この量は、6週齢のラット(体重120g)では3.5mg/kg/dayとなり、体重30kgの小児に換算すると105mg/dayに相当する投与量である。
(i)Sham群:Sham手術+Vehicle(PBS)(皮下投与)
(ii)GC群:Prednisolone(PSL)ペレット 25mg/pellet/60days皮下埋入手術(GC)+Vehicle(PBS)(皮下投与)
(iii)GC+Siglec−15Ab群:GC処理と共に、抗Siglec−15抗体を1mg/kgの用量(低用量)又は10mg/kgの用量(高用量)にて、3週間に一度、皮下投与した。抗Siglec−15抗体は上記#32A1抗体を用いた。
(iv)GC+ALN群:GC処理と共に、ALNを0.014mg/kgの用量(低用量)又は0.140mg/kgの用量(高用量)にて、1週間に2度皮下投与した。
PSL皮下埋入手術と、抗Siglec−15抗体又はALNの投与は同時に開始した。
各薬剤の投与量は、1週間に一度行った体重の測定結果に基づいて調整した。
投与開始から6週間(6週齢から12週齢)。当該期間の終了後(12週齢)に安楽死させて評価を行った。
各実験群のラットは、SPF環境下で、通常飼料にて飼育した。餌、水へはアクセスフリーとした。
骨ラベリングのために、安楽死の5日前にテトラサイクリン、さらに2日前にカルセイン(3日間のインターバル)を投与した。カルセイン投与の36時間後に屠殺した。テトラサイクリンは、PBS中に10mg/mlの濃度で溶解し、25mg/kgの用量で各動物に皮下注射した。また、カルセインは、1.4%重曹溶液中に、10mg/mlの濃度で溶解し、10mg/kgの用量で各動物に皮下注射した。
<縦断的評価>
(i)頭胴長及び体重
頭胴長の測定は投与0、3、6週間後に行った。体重測定は、1週間に一度行った。
(ii)大腿骨長
大腿骨長の測定は、麻酔下、マイクロCT撮影により3週間毎に行った。
(iii)骨形成マーカーと骨吸収マーカー
投与開始前と投与6週間後の安楽死前に尾静脈から採血し、血中の骨形成マーカー(血清オステオカルシン)と骨吸収マーカー(血清TRACP−5b)の値をELISA法により測定した。
各種操作は、図7に記載のスケジュールに従って実施した。
安楽死させた後、解剖して大腿骨、脛骨、第5腰椎を採取して評価サンプルとした。
(i)骨形態計測
大腿骨、脛骨のマイクロCT撮影を行い、右大腿骨長を測定した。
非脱灰硬組織標本:左脛骨近位1/2(長さ約1.5cm)の冠状断組織を利用した。70%エタノールに浸漬固定した後、冷暗所に保存した。得られた非脱灰硬組織標本は、Villanueva染色、明視野観察及び蛍光観察、ならびに定量的骨形態計測に用いた。
脱灰組織標本:膝関節離断し、脛骨近位部の冠状断組織(右膝脛骨近位1/2)、ならびに第5腰椎冠状断組織の標本を作製した。
成長障害に関しては、6週間の投与期間では大腿骨長に違いがでるほどの変化が生じない可能性があったため、成長軟骨板幅の計測と長軸方向への成長速度計測を上記非脱灰及び脱灰組織を用いて組織学的に行い、成長障害を評価した(「新しい骨形態計測」、2014年、ウイネット出版)。
左大腿骨骨幹部について3点曲げ試験を行い、また第3腰椎と左大腿骨遠位端について、圧縮試験を行い、最大破断強度、剛性、弾性率及び靱性について評価した。
骨密度測定装置(日立メディカル社製)を用いて、DXA法により、腰椎、左大腿骨遠位端BMD及びBMC測定を行った。
(1)薬剤による成長への影響
投与観察期間の開始から縦断的に体重、頭胴長、大腿骨長を計測した結果を図8に示す。8週齢時にGC群、GC+Siglec−15 Ab群、GC+ALN群では体重減少のピークがあり、その後徐々に体重は回復、増加した(図8A(i))。頭胴長、大腿骨長は9週齢から12週齢にかけて体重と同様に増加する傾向にあった(図8A(ii),(iii))。
6週齢から12週齢までの体重、頭胴長、大腿骨長の変化量については、Sham群と比較してGC群では有意に低下したが、GC群とGC+Siglec−15 Ab群及びGC+ALN群との間に有意な差は認められなかった(図8B)。
投与観察期間の開始前及び6週間後に採血された血液サンプル中の骨形成マーカー(血清オステオカルシン)と骨吸収マーカー(血清TRACP−5b)の測定結果を図9に示す。
GC群では骨吸収マーカーであるTRACP−5bが6週間後(12週齢)において、75%増加した(図9A、B)。
これに対し、GC+Siglec−15 Ab群やGC+ALN群では、血清TRACP−5bは有意に減少した(図9A,B)。
一方、骨形成マーカーであるオステオカルシンはSham群においても6週齢から12週齢にかけて27%程度低下した(図9A,B)。血清オステオカルシンはGC群において若干の低下傾向を示したが、Sham群やGC+Siglec−15 Ab群、GC+ALN群と比べて、有意な差は認められなかった(図9A,B)。
投与観察期間の終了時(12週齢の時点)の脛骨近位部について、薬剤による成長への影響を組織学的に評価した結果を図10−1、図10−2に示す。図10−1(A)は、当該脛骨近位部をマイクロCT撮影し、取得データを3次元再構築して得られた画像(3D−CT画像)の冠状断面写真を示す。3D−CT画像をみると、Sham群と比較してGC+Siglec−15 Ab群では形態に大きな変化はなかったが、GC+ALN群(高用量)では、骨端部から骨幹端部にかけて丸みを帯びた盃状(カッピング)の形態を呈していた(正常ではラッパ状の形態)。
安楽死5日前にテトラサイクリン、続いて2日前にカルセインでラベリングした非脱灰組織標本を蛍光顕微鏡で観察し(図10−1(B))、成長速度を評価した(図10−2(F))。図10−1(B)中、成長軟骨と平行に遠位にラベルされる部位が2日前に標識した領域(白下矢印)を示し、さらに遠位に平行にラベルされる部位が5日前に標識した領域(白上矢頭)を示す。当該2箇所のラベルされた領域の間の距離に基づいて、骨成長速度を評価した。
結果、Sham群、GC群、GC+Siglec−15 Ab群、GC+ALN群の間に有意な差は認められなかった(図10−2(F))。
投与観察期間の終了時(12週齢の時点)の大腿骨遠位骨幹端部について、薬剤による成長への影響を組織学的に評価した結果を図11−1、図11−2に示す。図11−1(A)は、当該大腿骨遠位骨幹端部をマイクロCT撮影した画像(3D−CT画像)の冠状断面写真を示す。3D−CT画像をみると、Sham群と比較してGC群では成長帯直上領域では骨量の増加が認められたが、成長帯から近位側に離れた二次海綿骨領域(枠内)では骨量の低下が認められた(図11−1(A))。
GC+Siglec−15 Ab群及びGC+ALN群では、ともに成長帯直上から大腿骨の近位にむけた領域において用量依存的に骨量の増加が認められた。さらに、興味深いことに、GC+ALN群と比較してGC+Siglec−15 Ab群においては、より近位に近い領域まで骨量の増加が認められた。この結果は、長軸方向の成長がALNの投与によって障害されることを示唆している。
以上の結果より、二次海綿骨のリモデリングに働く破骨細胞は、抗Siglec−15抗体、ビスフォスフォネートのいずれの薬剤によっても著明に減少し、これが骨量増加効果をもたらすことが確認された。特に興味深い点はビスフォスフォネートで治療された場合と比較して、抗Siglec−15抗体で治療された場合には骨量増加の範囲が長軸方向に広い範囲で確認されたことである。成長期の小児では、成長帯直下で形成された一次海綿骨は次第に二次海綿骨にモデリングされるとともに押し出されるように骨幹部の方向に移動してゆく。ビスフォスフォネートで治療された場合はこの海綿骨の移動が遅くなるのに対し、抗Siglec−15抗体ではそのような遅延が生じないことによって広い範囲で骨量増加が効率的に生じると考えられる。この結果は、小児骨粗鬆症において抗Siglec−15抗体がビスフォスフォネートと同等あるいはそれ以上の骨量増加効果を発揮する可能性を示唆するものであり、当該疾患の治療における有用性を示すものであるといえる。
Claims (8)
- Siglec−15に結合し、かつ破骨細胞の形成及び/又は破骨細胞による骨吸収を抑制する活性を有する抗体又はその機能性断片を含む、小児骨粗鬆症を治療及び/又は予防するための医薬組成物。
- 成長障害、骨構造異常及び/又は骨質異常を生じない、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 小児骨粗鬆症が、薬剤投与により発症する小児骨粗鬆症である、請求項1又は2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 小児骨粗鬆症が、小児ステロイド性骨粗鬆症である、請求項1又は2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記抗体が、モノクローナル抗体である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記抗体が、配列表の配列番号12に示されるアミノ酸配列からなるCDRH1、配列表の配列番号13に示されるアミノ酸配列からなるCDRH2及び配列表の配列番号14に示されるアミノ酸配列からなるCDRH3を含む重鎖、並びに、配列表の配列番号15に示されるアミノ酸配列からなるCDRL1、配列表の配列番号16に示されるアミノ酸配列からなるCDRL2及び配列表の配列番号17に示されるアミノ酸配列からなるCDRL3を含む軽鎖からなる、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記抗体が、キメラ抗体、ヒト化抗体、又はヒト抗体である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記抗体の機能性断片が、Fab、F(ab’)2、Fab’、Fv、又はscFvである、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
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