WO2018235188A1 - サイリスタ起動装置 - Google Patents
サイリスタ起動装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018235188A1 WO2018235188A1 PCT/JP2017/022843 JP2017022843W WO2018235188A1 WO 2018235188 A1 WO2018235188 A1 WO 2018235188A1 JP 2017022843 W JP2017022843 W JP 2017022843W WO 2018235188 A1 WO2018235188 A1 WO 2018235188A1
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- synchronous machine
- thyristor
- current
- rotational speed
- mode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P23/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
- H02P23/0004—Control strategies in general, e.g. linear type, e.g. P, PI, PID, using robust control
- H02P23/0027—Control strategies in general, e.g. linear type, e.g. P, PI, PID, using robust control using different modes of control depending on a parameter, e.g. the speed
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P1/16—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P1/46—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual synchronous motor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/08—Control of generator circuit during starting or stopping of driving means, e.g. for initiating excitation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/20—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/32—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/02—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine
- H02K9/04—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium
- H02K9/06—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium with fans or impellers driven by the machine shaft
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/14—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating wherein gaseous cooling medium circulates between the machine casing and a surrounding mantle
- H02K9/18—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating wherein gaseous cooling medium circulates between the machine casing and a surrounding mantle wherein the external part of the closed circuit comprises a heat exchanger structurally associated with the machine casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P1/16—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P1/46—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual synchronous motor
- H02P1/52—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual synchronous motor by progressive increase of frequency of supply to motor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/047—V/F converter, wherein the voltage is controlled proportionally with the frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/20—Arrangements for starting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P7/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
- H02P7/06—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current
- H02P7/18—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power
- H02P7/24—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
- H02P7/28—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
- H02P7/285—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only
- H02P7/292—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only using static converters, e.g. AC to DC
- H02P7/293—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only using static converters, e.g. AC to DC using phase control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/14—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field
- H02P9/26—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
- H02P9/30—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the converter used
- H02P2201/13—DC-link of current link type, e.g. typically for thyristor bridges, having an inductor in series with rectifier
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the type of motor
- H02P2207/05—Synchronous machines, e.g. with permanent magnets or DC excitation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2209/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the waveform of the supplied voltage or current
- H02P2209/11—Sinusoidal waveform
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a thyristor starter.
- a thyristor start device for starting a synchronous machine such as a generator and a motor has been developed (see, for example, International Publication No. 2014/033849 (Patent Document 1)).
- the thyristor starter converts a DC power supplied from the converter via the DC reactor to a variable frequency AC power by converting the AC power to DC power, the DC reactor for smoothing the DC power, and converting the DC power to a synchronous machine.
- an inverter for supplying.
- the inverter has at least six thyristors. By firing six thyristors in order in sequence in synchronization with the rotation of the synchronous machine, the inverter can supply three-phase alternating current power to the synchronous machine to increase the rotational speed of the synchronous machine.
- the present invention has been made to solve the problems as described above, and an object thereof is to provide a thyristor start device capable of suppressing damage due to an accident current.
- a thyristor starting device for starting a synchronous machine includes a converter, a DC reactor, and an inverter.
- the converter is configured to convert alternating current power to direct current power.
- the DC reactor smoothes DC power.
- the inverter is configured to convert DC power supplied from the converter via the DC reactor into AC power of variable frequency and supply the AC power to the synchronous machine.
- the thyristor starter sequentially executes a first mode in which the inverter is commutated by intermittently setting the DC output current to zero, and a second mode in which the inverter is commutated by the induced voltage of the synchronous machine.
- the synchronous machine is configured to accelerate from a stop state to a predetermined rotational speed.
- the first case of activating the first synchronous machine having the first inductance is different from the second case of activating the second synchronous machine having the second inductance larger than the first inductance.
- the switching rotational speed for switching from the mode 1 to the second mode is set to a higher rotational speed.
- a thyristor starting device capable of suppressing damage due to an accident current.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration and an operation of the inverter shown in FIG. It is a time chart which shows typically ideal commutation operation of an inverter at the time of load commutation mode. It is a circuit diagram for demonstrating the path
- FIG. 1 is a circuit block diagram showing a configuration of a thyristor start-up device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- thyristor start device 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention starts synchronous machine 20 by accelerating synchronous machine 20 which has been stopped, to a predetermined rotational speed.
- the synchronous machine 20 includes a stator having armature windings ATU, ATV, ATW, and a rotor having a field winding 22.
- the synchronous machine 20 is coupled to, for example, a gas turbine of a thermal power plant, and is rotationally driven by the gas turbine.
- the predetermined rotational speed is also referred to as "rated rotational speed". For example, when the frequency of the AC power supply 30 is 60 Hz, the rated rotational speed is set to 3600 rpm.
- the thyristor starter 100 is connected to the secondary side of the transformer TR.
- the primary side of the transformer TR is connected to an AC power supply 30.
- Transformer TR converts the three-phase AC voltage supplied from AC power supply 30 into a three-phase AC voltage of a predetermined voltage value and applies it to thyristor starter 100.
- the thyristor starter 100 includes a converter 1, a DC reactor 3, and an inverter 2.
- Converter 1 is a three-phase full-wave rectifier including at least six thyristors, and converts three-phase AC power from transformer TR into DC power of variable voltage.
- DC reactor 3 is connected between positive side output terminal 1 a of converter 1 and positive side input terminal 2 a of inverter 2.
- DC reactor 3 smoothes DC output current Id of converter 1.
- Negative output terminal 1 b of converter 1 and negative input terminal 2 b of inverter 2 are connected to each other.
- Another DC reactor 3 may be connected between the negative output terminal 1 b of the converter 1 and the negative input terminal 2 b of the inverter 2.
- the three output terminals 2c, 2d, 2e of the inverter 2 are connected to the three armature windings ATU, ATV, ATW of the synchronous machine 20, respectively.
- the inverter 2 is a three-phase separately excited inverter including at least six thyristors U, V, W, X, Y, Z.
- the thyristor starting device 100 further includes current transformers 4 and 5, a voltage detector 6, a position detector 7, a current detector 9, an inverter control unit 10, and a converter control unit 13.
- Current transformer 4 detects a three-phase alternating current flowing from transformer TR to converter 1, and provides a signal indicating a detected value to current detector 9.
- the current detector 9 calculates the direct current Id output from the converter 1 based on the signal from the current transformer 4 and provides a signal indicating the calculated value to the converter control unit 13.
- the current detector 9 includes a full wave rectification type diode rectifier, and converts the detected three-phase alternating current into a direct current Id.
- the current transformer 5 detects the current flowing from the inverter 2 to the armature windings ATU, ATV, ATW of the synchronous machine 20, and gives a signal indicating the detected value to the position detector 7.
- the voltage detector 6 detects instantaneous values of the three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, Vw supplied from the inverter 2 to the synchronous machine 20, and gives a signal indicating the detected value to the position detector 7.
- voltage detector 6 is a voltage between two of the line voltages of the three-phase AC voltages in armature windings ATU, ATV, ATW of synchronous machine 20 (in FIG. 1, U-phase -V). AC voltage Vu-v between phases and AC voltage Vv-w between V phase and W phase are detected.
- Position detector 7 detects the position of the rotor of synchronous machine 20 based on the signals from current transformer 5 and voltage detector 6, and provides a signal indicating the detected value to inverter control unit 10 and converter control unit 13. .
- the inverter control unit 10 controls the firing phase of the inverter 2 based on the signal from the position detector 7.
- inverter control unit 10 includes a control angle calculation unit 11 and a gate pulse generator 12.
- the control angle calculation unit 11 calculates a phase control angle (firing angle) ⁇ based on the detected position of the rotor of the synchronous machine 20, and gives the calculated phase control angle ⁇ to the gate pulse generator 12.
- Gate pulse generation circuit 40 generates a gate pulse (ignition command) to be applied to the gate of the thyristor of inverter 2 based on phase control angle ⁇ received from control angle calculation unit 11.
- the inverter control unit 10 corresponds to an example of the “first control unit”.
- Converter control unit 13 controls the firing phase of converter 1 based on the signal from position detector 7 and the signal from current detector 9. Specifically, converter control unit 13 controls the firing phase of converter 1 such that direct current Id output from converter 1 matches current command value Id *. Converter control unit 13 corresponds to an example of the “second control unit”.
- Converter control unit 13 includes a speed control unit 14, a current control unit 15, a control angle calculation unit 16, and a gate pulse generator 17.
- the speed control unit 14 calculates the rotation speed of the synchronous machine 20 based on the detected position of the rotor of the synchronous machine 20.
- the speed control unit 14 generates a current command value Id * that is a target value of the direct current Id based on the calculated rotational speed.
- Current control unit 15 calculates deviation ⁇ Id between current command value Id * and DC current Id, and generates voltage command value VDC1 * based on the calculated deviation ⁇ Id.
- current control unit 15 includes a proportional element (P: proportional element), an integral element (I: integral element), and an adder.
- P proportional element
- I integral element
- the proportional element multiplies the deviation ⁇ Id by a predetermined proportional gain and outputs the result to the adding unit, and the integrating element integrates the deviation ⁇ Id with the predetermined integral gain and outputs the result to the adding unit.
- the adder adds the outputs from the proportional element and the integral element to generate a voltage command value VDC1 *.
- Voltage command value VDC1 * corresponds to a control command that defines DC voltage VDC1 that converter 1 should output.
- Converter 1 controls DC voltage VDC1 to be larger than DC voltage VDC2 on the input terminal side of inverter 2 by the voltage drop by DC reactor 3. Thereby, the direct current Id is controlled.
- Control angle calculation unit 16 calculates phase control angle ⁇ based on voltage command value VDC1 * supplied from current control unit 15. The control angle calculation unit 16 supplies the calculated phase control angle ⁇ to the gate pulse generator 17.
- Gate pulse generation circuit 40 generates a gate pulse (ignition command) to be applied to the thyristor gate of converter 1 based on phase control angle ⁇ received from control angle calculation unit 16. By switching control of converter 1 in accordance with the gate pulse generated by gate pulse generator 17, direct current Id according to current command value Id * is output from converter 1.
- FIG. 2 is a time chart showing the operation of the thyristor starting device 100. As shown in FIG. In FIG. 2, the DC current Id output from the converter 1 and the rotational speed of the synchronous machine 20 are shown.
- commutation of the thyristor in the inverter 2 is performed using back electromotive force (induced voltage) induced in the armature windings ATU, ATV, ATW of the synchronous machine 20.
- Such commutation is called "load commutation”.
- the thyristor starter 100 stops the synchronous machine 20 by sequentially switching and executing the intermittent commutation mode (first mode) and the load commutation mode (second mode). Are configured to accelerate from the speed to the rated rotational speed.
- the thyristor starting device 100 executes the intermittent commutation mode.
- the direct current Id shows a pulse waveform.
- the peak value is set, for example, such that the integrated value of AC power supplied to the synchronous machine 20 during the intermittent commutation mode satisfies the amount of power for switching the synchronous machine 20 in the stopped state to accelerate to the rotational speed. Be done.
- the thyristor start device 100 switches from the intermittent commutation mode to the load commutation mode.
- the rotational speed when switching from the intermittent commutation mode to the load commutation mode is also referred to as "switching rotational speed".
- the switching rotational speed is about 10% of the rated rotational speed.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration and an operation of inverter 2 shown in FIG.
- the anodes of thyristors U, V and W are all connected to positive side input terminal 2a, and the cathodes thereof are connected to output terminals 2c, 2d and 2e, respectively.
- the anodes of the thyristors X, Y and Z are connected to the output terminals 2c, 2d and 2e, respectively, and their cathodes are connected to the negative input terminal 2b.
- the inverter 2 is turned on by causing one of the thyristors U, V, W to conduct and one of the thyristors X, Y, Z in synchronization with the three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, Vw.
- the DC power supplied from the converter 1 through the DC reactor 3 is converted into variable-frequency, variable-voltage three-phase AC power, and is applied to the stators (armature windings ATU, ATV, ATW) of the synchronous machine 20. Thereby, the rotational speed of the synchronous machine 20 can be raised.
- U-phase voltage Vu of synchronous machine 20 appears at input terminal 2a of inverter 2 through inductance Lu and thyristor U
- W-phase voltage Vw appears at the input terminal 2b of the inverter 2 via the inductance Lw and the thyristor Z. That is, AC voltage Vw-U between W-phase and U-phase of synchronous machine 20 appears as DC voltage VDC2 between input terminals 2a and 2b.
- Reactors Lu, Lv and Lw represent inductances of armature windings ATU, ATV and ATW of synchronous machine 20, respectively.
- FIG. 4 is a time chart schematically showing an ideal commutation operation of the inverter 2 in the load commutation mode.
- FIG. 4 shows three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, Vw, a conducting thyristor of the six thyristors of the inverter 2, and a DC voltage VDC2 appearing between input terminals 2a and 2b of the inverter 2.
- the thyristor is gated at a time advanced in phase from the reference point by the desired angle ⁇ . For example, the thyristor V is gated while the thyristor U is conducting, and then the thyristor W is gated while the thyristor V is conducting. Similarly, the thyristor X is gated while the thyristor Z is conducting, and then the thyristor Y is gated while the thyristor X is conducting.
- the line voltages Vuv, Vv-w and Vw-u of the synchronous machine 20 sequentially appear as the DC voltage VDC2 between the input terminals 2a and 2b of the inverter 2.
- the inverter control unit 10 controls the path of the current flowing through the synchronous machine 20 by firing two thyristors U, V, W, X, Y and Z in order in order according to the rotation of the synchronous machine 20. Do.
- a short circuit failure occurs in which the anode and the cathode are electrically shorted in any one of the six thyristors U, V, W, X, Y, Z of the inverter 2 Think about the case.
- thyristor U when thyristor U is short-circuited, gate pulse is applied to thyristor V to make thyristor V conductive, as shown in FIG. 5, the path of accident current Ia to include thyristors V and U. Is formed. Therefore, components such as the sound thyristor V and the armature winding are damaged by the accident current Ia.
- the greater the fault current Ia or the longer the energizing time of the fault current Ia the greater the damage to the components, and the higher the possibility of damage to the components.
- the path of the fault current Ia shown in FIG. 5 can be represented by an equivalent circuit diagram as shown in FIG.
- the inductance of the reactor L corresponds to the sum of the inductances of the armature windings ATU and ATV.
- the AC power supply voltage corresponds to the line voltage Vu-v of the synchronous machine 20.
- the resistance component of each armature winding is negligibly small.
- the fault current Ia is a current 90 ° behind the line voltage Vu-v.
- ⁇ ⁇ / 2
- the fault current Ia is given by the following equation (2).
- L is the inductance of the reactor L
- ⁇ is the rotational angular velocity of the synchronous machine 20.
- FIG. 7 shows operation waveforms of the line voltage Vu-v and the fault current Ia when ⁇ / 2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ .
- the circuit equation in the conduction period ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ + ⁇ of the thyristor V is given by the following equation (3).
- the energizing time of the accident current Ia is represented by the rotation period of the synchronous machine 20 ⁇ 2 ⁇ / 2 ⁇ . Therefore, the energization time is inversely proportional to the rotational speed of the synchronous machine 20. This indicates that the lower the rotational speed of the synchronous machine 20, the longer the energizing time of the accident current Ia.
- the thyristor starting device 100 and the synchronous machine 20 The fault current Ia flows in the component parts of.
- the magnitude of the fault current Ia increases as the inductance of the synchronous machine 20 decreases.
- the energizing time of the accident current Ia increases as the rotation speed of the synchronous machine 20 decreases.
- the timing at which the rotational speed of the synchronous machine 20 becomes the lowest in the load commutation mode is the timing at which the intermittent commutation mode is switched to the load commutation mode. Therefore, when a short circuit failure occurs at this timing, the conduction time of the accident current Ia becomes the longest, and thus, the component parts are greatly damaged.
- the switching rotational speed can be changed in accordance with the inductance of the synchronous machine 20 to be an object. Specifically, when the first synchronous machine is activated (in the first case), the switching rotational speed is higher than in the case where the second synchronous machine is activated (the second case).
- FIG. 8 is a time schematically showing the relationship between the rotation speed of the synchronous machine 20 and the direct current Id output from the converter 1 when the switching rotation speed is X% of the rated rotation speed (where X> 10).
- FIG. 7 is a chart, to be compared with FIG. 2; In FIG. 8, the rotational speed of the synchronous machine 20 shown in FIG. 2 is indicated by an alternate long and short dash line.
- the direct current Id in each of the intermittent commutation mode and the load commutation mode is assumed to be equal to each other in FIGS. 2 and 8.
- the thyristor start device 100 can suppress damage to components due to the accident current regardless of the inductance of the target synchronous machine.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram schematically showing an example of the relationship between the inductance of the synchronous machine 20 that is to be started by the thyristor starting device 100 and the switching rotational speed.
- the switching rotational speed is set to X1% of the rated rotational speed.
- the switching rotational speed is set to X2% (X2> X1) of the rated rotational speed.
- the switching rotational speed is set to X3% (X3> X2) of the rated rotational speed.
- the user of the thyristor starting device 100 can set the switching rotational speed based on the inductance of the synchronous machine 20 to be targeted by referring to the relationship shown in FIG.
- the switching rotational speed set by the user can be stored in a memory inside the thyristor starting device 100.
- Inverter control unit 10 and converter control unit 13 respectively control the firing phases of inverter 2 and converter 1 in accordance with the switching rotational speed stored in the memory.
- the thyristor starter 100 switches from the intermittent commutation mode to the load commutation mode.
- the thyristor start-up device when starting the synchronous machine (first synchronous machine) having the first inductance, it is larger than the first inductance. Compared with the case where the synchronous machine (second synchronous machine) having the second inductance is started, by increasing the switching rotational speed, it is possible to shorten the energizing time of the fault current. As a result, even when starting a synchronous machine with a small inductance, damage to components of the thyristor start-up device and synchronous machine due to an accident current can be suppressed.
- the switching rotational speed is higher than when the second synchronous machine is started, so the intermittent commutation mode is The time spent on Therefore, the speed increase rate of the synchronous machine 20 (the rate at which the rotational speed increases) may decrease, and as a result, it may take time to start the synchronous machine 20.
- current command value Id * in the intermittent commutation mode is compared with the case where the second synchronous machine is started. Set to a higher current value.
- FIG. 10 is a time chart schematically showing the relationship between the rotational speed of the synchronous machine 20 and the direct current Id outputted from the converter 1, and is a view contrasted with FIG. In FIG. 10, the rotational speed of the synchronous machine 20 and the direct current Id shown in FIG. 2 are indicated by alternate long and short dashed lines.
- the maximum value of DC current Id output from converter 1 (ie, the pulse The peak value) is I1.
- I1 the speed increase rate is increased, so that the time during which the synchronous machine 20 is accelerated to the switching rotational speed can be shortened as compared with the case where the direct current Id is I0.
- the magnitude of I1 the time spent in the intermittent commutation mode can be equalized between FIG. 2 and FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the rotational speed of the synchronous machine 20 and the current command value Id * in the intermittent commutation mode.
- the current command value Id * is set such that the current value becomes higher as the inductance of the synchronous machine 20 becomes smaller. Since the switching rotational speed increases as the inductance of the synchronous machine 20 decreases (see FIG. 9), the time spent in the intermittent commutation mode may be extended by increasing the current command value Id * according to the relationship of FIG. It can prevent.
- Data indicating the relationship shown in FIG. 11 can be stored in a memory inside the thyristor starting device 100.
- the converter control unit 13 can generate the current command value Id * based on the inductance of the synchronous machine 20 given from the outside by referring to the data.
- the data format may be a table or a function.
- the thyristor start-up device according to the second embodiment of the present invention, in addition to the same function and effect as those of the first embodiment, it is possible to start the synchronous machine 20 in a short time.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the cooling structure of the synchronous machine 20.
- a fan 25 is attached to the rotation shaft of rotor 24.
- the fan 25 is rotationally driven by the rotation of the rotor 24.
- the cooling medium is circulated in the air passage formed in the rotor 24 and the stator 26 as shown by the arrows in the figure.
- hydrogen gas or air is used as the cooling medium.
- a cooler 27 is installed in the stator frame facing the air passage.
- the cooling medium circulated in the air passage is cooled by the cooler 27 and a cooler 27 installed in the stator frame facing the air passage.
- the fan 25 is rotated using the rotational force of the rotor 24, when the rotational speed of the synchronous machine 20 is low, the rotational speed of the fan 25 is also low. Therefore, it becomes difficult to circulate the cooling medium in the air passage, and as a result, the cooling capacity of the cooling medium is reduced. Therefore, if the direct current Id in the intermittent commutation mode is increased as in the second embodiment described above, the synchronous machine 20 may overheat.
- the capacity of the cooler can not but be increased, which may lead to the enlargement of the apparatus.
- the magnitude of DC current Id is changed in accordance with the rotational speed of synchronous machine 20 in the intermittent commutation mode. Specifically, in the intermittent commutation mode, the DC current Id is increased as the rotation speed of the synchronous machine 20 increases.
- FIG. 13 is a time chart schematically showing the relationship between the rotational speed of the synchronous machine 20 in the intermittent commutation mode and the direct current Id output from the converter 1.
- the maximum value of DC current Id output from converter 1 (that is, the maximum value of DC current Id output from converter 1 in the period from when synchronous machine 20 stops to Y% of the rated rotational speed (where Y ⁇ X)).
- the pulse height value of the pulse is I1L.
- the maximum value (pulse peak value) of DC current Id output from converter 1 is I1H (I1H > I1 L).
- Y% of the rated rotational speed can be set, for example, based on the lower limit rotational speed of the fan 25 (see FIG. 12) capable of circulating the cooling medium in the air passage. According to this, in the rotational speed range (0 to Y% of the rated rotational speed) causing a decrease in the cooling capacity of the cooling medium, the current supplied to the synchronous machine 20 becomes a low current value. Loss (Joule heat) is suppressed. As a result, overheating of the synchronous machine 20 can be suppressed.
- FIG. 13 the rotational speed of the synchronous machine 20 and the direct current Id shown in FIG. 10 are indicated by alternate long and short dash lines.
- the relationship of I1L ⁇ I1 ⁇ I1H is established between I1L, I1H and I1. Since the speed increase rate is increased by setting I1H larger than I1, the time during which the synchronous machine 20 is accelerated from Y% to X% of the rated rotation speed can be shortened as compared with the case where the direct current Id is I1. it can.
- the magnitude of I1H the time spent in the intermittent commutation mode can be equalized between FIG. 10 and FIG.
- the adjustment of the direct current Id shown in FIG. 13 can be realized by adjusting the current command value Id * in accordance with the rotational speed of the synchronous machine 20. That is, in the intermittent commutation mode, the current command value Id * is set such that the current value increases as the rotation speed of the synchronous machine 20 increases.
- the current command value Id * changes according to the rotational speed of the synchronous machine 20.
- “changes according to the rotational speed of the synchronous machine 20” means that the current command value Id * changes discretely according to the rotational speed of the synchronous machine 20 or the rotational speed of the synchronous machine 20 It means that the current command value Id * changes continuously according to.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the relationship between the rotational speed of the synchronous machine 20 and the current command value Id * in the intermittent commutation mode.
- the current command value Id * is set to I1L.
- current command value Id * is set to I1H.
- Data indicating the relationship shown in FIG. 14 can be stored in a memory inside the thyristor starting device 100.
- the converter control unit 13 can generate the current command value Id * based on the calculated rotational speed of the synchronous machine 20 by referring to the data.
- the data format may be a table or a function.
- the thyristor start-up device in addition to the same functions and effects as those of the first embodiment, the following functions and effects can be obtained. Even in the case of adopting a structure for cooling the synchronous machine 20 using the rotational force of the synchronous machine 20, the synchronous machine 20 can be started in a short time while suppressing the overheating of the synchronous machine 20. Moreover, the enlargement of the cooling structure for suppressing overheating of the synchronous machine 20 can be suppressed.
- the current command value Id * may be continuously changed according to the rotational speed of the synchronous machine 20 during the intermittent commutation mode.
- the current command value Id * is I2L when the rotational speed of the synchronous machine 20 is 0 rpm, and the rotational speed of the synchronous machine 20 is 10% of the rated rotational speed (that is, switching rotational speed). It is I2H (I2H> I2L).
- the current command value Id * changes linearly in accordance with the rotational speed.
- FIG. 16 is a time chart schematically showing the relationship between the rotational speed of the synchronous machine 20 and the direct current Id output from the converter 1 when the intermittent commutation mode is executed according to the relationship shown in FIG.
- the synchronous machine 20 is a generator that is rotationally driven by a gas turbine in a thermal power plant, but the present invention is not limited thereto. It may be a synchronous machine used in the field.
- the synchronous machine 20 may be a synchronous machine for a cooling blower of a steel mill.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、この発明の実施の形態1によるサイリスタ起動装置の構成を示す回路ブロック図である。図1を参照して、この発明の実施の形態1によるサイリスタ起動装置100は、停止している同期機20を所定の回転速度まで加速させることにより、同期機20を起動させる。
図2は、サイリスタ起動装置100の動作を示すタイムチャートである。図2には、コンバータ1から出力される直流電流Idおよび同期機20の回転速度が示されている。
上述した実施の形態1によるサイリスタ起動装置100によれば、第1の同期機を起動させる場合には、第2の同期機を起動させる場合に比べて切り替え回転速度が高いため、断続転流モードに費やされる時間が長くなる。そのため、同期機20の昇速率(回転速度が上昇する比率)が低下し、結果的に同期機20の起動に時間がかかってしまう場合が起こり得る。
サイリスタ起動装置100によって同期機20の電機子巻線ATU,ATV,ATWを通電した場合、電機子巻線ATU,ATV,ATWには熱損失(ジュール熱)が発生する。熱損失は電流の大きさの二乗に比例する。熱損失によって同期機20が過熱されるのを防ぐため、同期機20には冷却構造が設けられているものがある。
Claims (6)
- 同期機を起動させるサイリスタ起動装置であって、
交流電力を直流電力に変換するように構成されたコンバータと、
前記直流電力を平滑化する直流リアクトルと、
前記コンバータから前記直流リアクトルを介して与えられる直流電力を可変周波数の交流電力に変換して前記同期機に供給するように構成されたインバータとを備え、
前記サイリスタ起動装置は、前記コンバータの直流出力電流を断続的に零にすることにより前記インバータの転流を行なう第1のモードと、前記同期機の誘起電圧により前記インバータの転流を行なう第2のモードとを順次実行することにより、前記同期機を停止状態から所定の回転速度まで加速させるように構成され、
第1のインダクタンスを有する第1の同期機を起動させる第1の場合は、前記第1のインダクタンスよりも大きい第2のインダクタンスを有する第2の同期機を起動させる第2の場合に比べて、前記第1のモードから前記第2のモードに切り替えるための切り替え回転速度がより高い回転速度に設定される、サイリスタ起動装置。 - 前記同期機の回転子位置を検出するように構成された位置検出器と、
前記位置検出器の検出信号に基づいて、前記インバータにおけるサイリスタの点弧位相を制御するように構成された第1の制御部と、
前記位置検出器の検出信号に基づいて、前記直流出力電流が電流指令値に一致するように、前記コンバータにおけるサイリスタの点弧位相を制御するように構成された第2の制御部とをさらに備え、
前記第1の場合は、前記第2の場合に比べて、前記第1のモードにおける前記電流指令値がより高い電流値に設定される、請求項1に記載のサイリスタ起動装置。 - 前記第1のモードにおいて、前記電流指令値は、前記同期機の回転速度が高くなるに従って電流値が大きくなるように設定される、請求項2に記載のサイリスタ起動装置。
- 前記第1のモードにおいて、前記電流指令値は、前記同期機の回転速度に応じて離散的に変化する、請求項3に記載のサイリスタ起動装置。
- 前記第1のモードにおいて、前記電流指令値は、前記同期機の回転速度に応じて連続的に変化する、請求項3に記載のサイリスタ起動装置。
- 前記同期機は、
前記インバータから交流電力の供給を受ける固定子と、
回転子と、
前記回転子の回転軸に取り付けられ、前記固定子および前記回転子に形成された通風路に冷却媒体を循環させるように構成されたファンとを含む、請求項3~5のいずれか1項に記載のサイリスタ起動装置。
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CN201780092297.0A CN110771031B (zh) | 2017-06-21 | 2017-06-21 | 晶闸管起动装置 |
JP2019524770A JP6792075B2 (ja) | 2017-06-21 | 2017-06-21 | サイリスタ起動装置 |
US16/611,155 US10951144B2 (en) | 2017-06-21 | 2017-06-21 | Thyristor starter |
EP17914637.8A EP3644496B1 (en) | 2017-06-21 | 2017-06-21 | Thyristor starting device |
KR1020207001278A KR102554511B1 (ko) | 2017-06-21 | 2017-06-21 | 사이리스터 기동 장치 |
PCT/JP2017/022843 WO2018235188A1 (ja) | 2017-06-21 | 2017-06-21 | サイリスタ起動装置 |
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JPH0612954B2 (ja) * | 1984-11-27 | 1994-02-16 | 株式会社東芝 | 同期電動機の制御方法 |
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JP2007215261A (ja) * | 2006-02-07 | 2007-08-23 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 空冷式電動機 |
DE102007021723B4 (de) * | 2007-05-09 | 2009-09-17 | Siemens Ag | Luftgekühlte rotierende elektrische Maschine |
JP4486114B2 (ja) * | 2007-09-03 | 2010-06-23 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 回転電機 |
WO2013168282A1 (ja) * | 2012-05-11 | 2013-11-14 | 東芝三菱電機産業システム株式会社 | 直流電圧検出器およびそれを用いた電力変換装置 |
WO2018235187A1 (ja) * | 2017-06-21 | 2018-12-27 | 東芝三菱電機産業システム株式会社 | サイリスタ起動装置 |
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JPH07222496A (ja) * | 1994-02-03 | 1995-08-18 | Hitachi Ltd | サイリスタ電源を用いたタービン発電機の始動方法 |
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EP3644496A4 (en) | 2021-01-06 |
EP3644496B1 (en) | 2022-12-21 |
US10951144B2 (en) | 2021-03-16 |
CN110771031A (zh) | 2020-02-07 |
US20200076339A1 (en) | 2020-03-05 |
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