WO2018233894A1 - Élément de batterie - Google Patents

Élément de batterie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018233894A1
WO2018233894A1 PCT/EP2018/059392 EP2018059392W WO2018233894A1 WO 2018233894 A1 WO2018233894 A1 WO 2018233894A1 EP 2018059392 W EP2018059392 W EP 2018059392W WO 2018233894 A1 WO2018233894 A1 WO 2018233894A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery cell
phase change
change material
housing
cell
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2018/059392
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Eckart Geinitz
Joachim Joos
Walter Von Emden
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2018233894A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018233894A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/528—Fixed electrical connections, i.e. not intended for disconnection
    • H01M50/529—Intercell connections through partitions, e.g. in a battery casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H01M50/581—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a battery cell, which has a negative terminal, a positive terminal, an electrode unit arranged in a cell housing, which has an anode connected to the negative terminal and a cathode connected to the positive terminal, and a
  • Quick discharge device comprises.
  • Primary batteries and secondary batteries distinguished. Primary batteries are only functional once, while secondary batteries, also referred to as accumulators, are rechargeable. In particular, so-called lithium-ion battery cells are used in an accumulator. These are characterized among other things by high energy densities, thermal stability and extremely low self-discharge.
  • Lithium-ion battery cells have a positive electrode, also referred to as a cathode, and a negative electrode, also referred to as an anode.
  • the two electrodes of the electrode unit are electrically connected to poles of the battery cell, which are also referred to as terminals.
  • a voltage supplied by the battery cell can be tapped via the terminals.
  • the battery cell can also be charged via the terminals.
  • Quick discharge devices known. Such a quick discharge device is a bridging element, which is connected to the terminals of the battery cell. In normal operation, the quick discharge device is open and electrically isolates the terminals of the battery cell from each other. In the case of a fault, the quick discharge device is activated and then electrically connects the terminals of the battery cell with each other. Then flows
  • the Bridging element for bridging a battery cell of an electrical energy store.
  • the bridging element comprises two electrical Stromleitschienen and a layer sequence arranged therebetween.
  • Layer sequence has two solder layers, each of which adjoins one of the conductor rails, two insulation layers, which are arranged between the solder layers, and a reactive layer stack, which is arranged between the insulation layers.
  • the reactive layer stack When the reactive layer stack is activated, an exothermic reaction takes place and the insulation layers are decomposed. As a result, the electrically conductive solder layers come into contact with each other and thus the Stromleitschienen are electrically connected together.
  • a fire-retardant battery case is known.
  • a wall of the battery case contains a thermally active material. When the temperature increases, the thermally active material undergoes a phase change at a certain critical temperature, whereby
  • Heat energy is consumed. As a result, a further increase in temperature is delayed.
  • a battery cell which comprises a negative terminal and a positive terminal.
  • the battery cell further includes a cell case, an electrode unit disposed in the cell case, and a
  • the electrode unit has an anode connected to the negative terminal and one connected to the positive terminal Cathode on. In a passive state, the quick discharge device is turned off and the first terminal is electrically isolated from the second terminal.
  • the cell housing comprises a first electrically conductive housing wall and a second electrically conductive housing wall, wherein the first housing wall is electrically connected to the negative terminal, and the second housing wall is electrically connected to the positive terminal.
  • the quick discharge device is formed by the housing walls and a separating layer provided between the housing walls, wherein the
  • Separating layer has a phase change material, which is such that by heating the phase change material over a
  • the resistivity of the phase change material is relatively high, for example, 1000 ⁇ cm, and the phase change material is in a passive state. Also the resistivity of the phase change material is relatively high, for example, 1000 ⁇ cm, and the phase change material is in a passive state. Also the resistivity of the phase change material is relatively high, for example, 1000 ⁇ cm, and the phase change material is in a passive state. Also the resistivity of the phase change material is relatively high, for example, 1000 ⁇ cm, and the phase change material is in a passive state. Also the
  • the specific resistance of the phase change material drops abruptly, for example, to 0.001 ⁇ cm, and the phase change material enters an active state.
  • the fast discharge device also enters an active state.
  • the quick discharge device is then switched on and the terminals are electrically connected to one another via the housing walls and the separating layer. Then, a discharge current flows through the quick discharge device and the battery cell is discharged.
  • Phase change material in the passive state an amorphous structure and a relatively high specific resistance.
  • Phase change material has a crystalline structure and a relatively low resistivity in the active state.
  • phase change material in the passive state for example, 10 6 times as high as in the active state.
  • a typical behavior of phase change materials is described, for example, in "Phase Change Materials: Disorder can be good” by Michael Schreiber, Nature Materials 10, 170-171 (2011).
  • By a sudden decrease of the resistivity is to be understood in this context that the resistivity of the phase change material in the passive state is at least 10 3 times as high as in the active state.
  • phase change materials are, for example, chalcogenides, which are used as phase change memory in the production of CDs. Also from the document DE 603 19 424 T2 phase change materials and their properties, in particular with respect to change in electrical resistance, known.
  • the article "Phase Change Memory” by Matthew J. Breitwisch, 2008 I EEE discloses the use of GST
  • the change of the phase change material from the amorphous structure to the crystalline structure is irreversible.
  • phase change material on antimony telluride (Sb2Te3).
  • the phase change material GST GST (Ge2Sb2Tes) on.
  • the housing walls are arranged concentrically with each other, wherein the separating layer is arranged between the housing walls.
  • the first insulating layer consists for example of a plastic.
  • the second insulation layer consists for example of a plastic.
  • the separating layer is designed in the form of a hollow cylinder.
  • the separating layer preferably surrounds those in the cell housing
  • arranged electrode unit at least partially.
  • a battery cell according to the invention advantageously finds use in an electric vehicle (EV), in a hybrid vehicle (HEV), in a plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV), or in a consumer electronics product.
  • Consumer electronics products are in particular mobile phones, tablet PCs or notebooks. Also more applications for one
  • Battery cell according to the invention are conceivable.
  • phase change material in the vicinity of the short circuit is locally heated and crystallized thereby.
  • the specific resistance of the phase change material drops significantly and the
  • Separation layer is locally low impedance. Due to the low-resistance separating layer, a discharge current flows. The discharge current releases thermal energy, thereby crystallizing adjacent regions of the phase change material. Subsequently the complete separation layer becomes conductive. The result is a large-scale, low-impedance, self-holding short circuit. The battery cell is thereby discharged discharged controlled. Even after cooling the battery cell remains
  • Phase change material is crystalline and reliably short-circuits the defective battery cell.
  • the cascade of the other series-connected battery cells in a battery module can thus continue to be used after failure of the defective battery cell.
  • the phase change material In the passive, high-impedance state, the phase change material can keep leakage currents which lead to self-discharge of the battery cell to a minimum and carry a high discharge current in the active, low-resistance state.
  • a power loss caused by the discharge current is distributed approximately uniformly over the entire cell housing and can thus be dissipated relatively well.
  • the production of a battery cell according to the invention is relatively inexpensive.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a battery module with several
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of a battery cell
  • Figure 3 is a section through a cell housing
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of a battery module with several
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a battery module 5 with a plurality of battery cells 2.
  • the battery cells 2 are connected in series.
  • Battery cell 2 comprises an electrode unit 10, which in each case has an anode 11 and a cathode 12.
  • the anode 11 of the electrode unit 10 is connected to a negative terminal 15.
  • Electrode unit 10 is connected to a positive terminal 16.
  • the negative terminal 15 of a battery cell 2 is electrically connected to the positive terminal 16 of the adjacent battery cell 2.
  • Each battery cell 2 also has a fast discharge device 20.
  • the quick discharge device 20 is electrically connected to the negative terminal 15 and to the positive terminal 16 of the battery cell 2.
  • Fast discharge device 20 is turned off in the illustration shown here, ie in a passive state. That is, the negative terminal 15 and the positive terminal 16 of the battery cell 2 are through
  • Fast discharge device 20 is not electrically connected.
  • the quick discharge device 20 can be activated. After activation is the
  • Quick discharge device 20 forms a short circuit between the negative terminal 15 and the positive terminal 16. Then flows
  • Discharge current through the quick discharge device 20 and the battery cell 2 is thereby discharged.
  • FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a battery cell 2
  • Battery cell 2 has a cell housing 3, in which the electrode unit 10 is arranged.
  • the cell housing 3 is present prismatic and executed approximately cuboid. Also other geometric designs of the
  • the cell housing 3 comprises a cell body 46, which is closed on one side by a cell cover 45.
  • the negative terminal 15 and the positive terminal 16 protrude at a distance from each other through the cell cover 45 out of the cell case 3.
  • the cell body 46 is from a cell bottom
  • the cell body 46 of the cell housing 3 comprises a first electrically conductive housing wall 21 and a second electrically conductive housing wall 22.
  • the first housing wall 21 is electrically connected to the negative terminal 15 by means of a negative contact element 41.
  • the second housing wall 22 is electrically connected to the positive terminal 16 by means of a positive contact element 42.
  • the housing walls 21, 22 are arranged concentrically to each other, wherein in the present case, the first housing wall 21 is located further out and thus surrounds the second housing wall 22 located further inside.
  • the negative contact element 41 is integrally formed with the first housing wall 21, and the positive contact element 42 is present in one piece with the second housing wall 22.
  • FIG. 3 shows a section through the cell housing 3 shown in FIG. 2 along a section line A - A between the terminals 15, 16 through the cell body 46 of the cell housing 3.
  • the electrode unit 10 is arranged inside the cell housing 3.
  • a separating layer 35 is arranged between the first electrically conductive housing wall 21 and the second electrically conductive housing wall 22 between the first electrically conductive housing wall 21 and the second electrically conductive housing wall 22 .
  • a first insulating layer 23 is applied on a side facing away from the separation layer 35 of the first housing wall 21, a first insulating layer 23 is applied.
  • a second insulating layer 23 is applied on a side facing away from the separating layer 35 of the second housing wall 22 .
  • Insulation layer 24 applied.
  • the first insulation layer 23 serves for electrical insulation of the first
  • the second insulating layer 24 is used for electrical insulation of second housing wall 22 against the electrode unit 10, which is arranged in the interior of the cell housing 3.
  • the separating layer 35 arranged between the housing walls 21, 22 is thus arranged concentrically with the housing walls 21, 22.
  • the separating layer 35 is designed in the form of a hollow cylinder.
  • the separating layer 35 thus has a base area as well as an outer jacket and an inner jacket.
  • the outer jacket of the separating layer 35 is located at the first
  • Housing wall 21 and the inner shell of the separating layer 35 abuts against the second housing wall 22.
  • the base of the separation layer 35 is presently not circular and the separation layer is thus not circular cylindrical
  • the separation layer 35 surrounds the electrode unit 10, which is arranged in the cell housing 3.
  • the separating layer 35 arranged between the housing walls 21, 22 has a phase change material 30.
  • the phase change material 30 in the present case comprises germanium telluride (GeTe) or antimony telluride (Sb 2 Te 3). But other phase change materials 30 are conceivable.
  • Phase change material 30 is such that by heating the phase change material 30 above a limit temperature, a specific resistance of the phase change material 30 decreases abruptly.
  • the first electrically conductive housing wall 21, the second electrically conductive housing wall 22 and the separating layer 35 arranged between the housing walls 21, 22 form a fast discharge device 20
  • Phase change material 30 of the separation layer 35 has a normal
  • Quick discharge device 20 is in a passive state. In this case, the quick discharge device 20 is turned off and the terminals 15, 16 are electrically isolated from each other.
  • the specific resistance of the phase change material 30 decreases significantly and the phase change material 30 comes in an active state.
  • Housing walls 21, 22 and the quick discharge device 20 is in an active state.
  • the quick discharge device 20 is thus switched on and the terminals 15, 16 are electrically connected to one another via the housing walls 21, 22 and the separating layer 35 arranged therebetween. Then, a discharge current flows through the quick discharge device 20 and the battery cell 2 is discharged.
  • the phase change material 30 comprises germanium telluride (GeTe) or antimony telluride (Sb 2 Te 3).
  • the phase change material 30 in the passive state has an amorphous structure and a relatively high resistivity.
  • the phase change material 30 has a crystalline structure and a relatively low specific resistance in the active state.
  • FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a battery module 5 with a plurality of battery cells 2 from FIG. 2.
  • the battery cells 2 are arranged next to one another in such a way that the cell bodies 46 are adjacent to one another
  • Battery cells 2 touch each other. Adjacent battery cells 2 are thus each electrically insulated from each other by the first insulating layer 23 of their cell body 46.
  • the battery cells 2 of the battery module 5 are further arranged side by side such that the negative terminal 15 of a battery cell 2 is disposed adjacent to the positive terminal 16 of the adjacent battery cell 2.
  • a negative terminal 15 of a battery cell 2 and a positive terminal 16 of an adjacent battery cell 2 are electrically connected to each other by means of a cell connector 50. This results in the series connection of the battery module 5 shown in FIG.
  • a not shown thermal insulation is also provided. The thermal insulation prevents that upon activation of the quick discharge device 20 from a battery cell 2, the adjacent battery cell 2 would also be heated in such a way that the phase change material 30 crystallizes in this battery cell 2 and its fast discharge device 20 would thus also be activated.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément de batterie (2), comprenant une borne négative (15), une borne positive (16), une unité d'électrode disposée dans un boîtier d'élément (3), qui présente une anode reliée à la borne négative (15) et une cathode reliée à la borne positive (16), et un déchargeur rapide. Le boîtier d'élément (3) comprend une première paroi (21) de boîtier, électriquement conductrice, et une deuxième paroi (22) de boîtier, électriquement conductrice, la première paroi (21) de boîtier étant reliée électriquement à la borne négative (15) et la deuxième paroi (22) de boîtier étant reliée électriquement à la borne positive (16). Le déchargeur rapide est formé par les parois (21, 22) de boîtier et par une couche de séparation disposée entre les parois (21, 22) de boîtier. La couche de séparation présente un matériau à changement de phase qui est conçu de manière telle qu'une résistance spécifique du matériau à changement de phase s'abaisse brusquement par un réchauffement du matériau à changement de phase au-dessus d'une température limite.
PCT/EP2018/059392 2017-06-21 2018-04-12 Élément de batterie WO2018233894A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017210369.8 2017-06-21
DE102017210369.8A DE102017210369A1 (de) 2017-06-21 2017-06-21 Batteriezelle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018233894A1 true WO2018233894A1 (fr) 2018-12-27

Family

ID=62244445

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2018/059392 WO2018233894A1 (fr) 2017-06-21 2018-04-12 Élément de batterie

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102017210369A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018233894A1 (fr)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10134145A1 (de) 2001-07-13 2003-02-27 Daimler Chrysler Ag Feuerhemmendes Batteriegehäuse
US20050260486A1 (en) * 2004-05-19 2005-11-24 Cho Jeong J Safety element for battery and battery with the same
DE60319424T2 (de) 2002-12-19 2009-02-19 Nxp B.V. Phasenwechsel-material enthaltendes elektrisches bauelement
KR20110072721A (ko) * 2009-12-23 2011-06-29 주식회사 엘지화학 상변환 물질을 이용한 과충전 보호소자와 이를 적용한 이차전지
DE102012005979B4 (de) 2012-03-23 2013-11-07 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Elektrisches Überbrückungselement und Energiespeicher mit dem Überbrückungselement
DE102015214904A1 (de) * 2015-08-05 2017-02-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Hülle für eine elektronische oder elektrochemische Komponente eines Batteriesystems und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines solchen

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI275194B (en) * 2004-10-08 2007-03-01 Lg Chemical Ltd Secondary battery having an improved safety
DE102013018397A1 (de) * 2013-11-02 2015-05-07 Daimler Ag Batterie mit einer Vielzahl von Batterieeinzelzellen

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10134145A1 (de) 2001-07-13 2003-02-27 Daimler Chrysler Ag Feuerhemmendes Batteriegehäuse
DE60319424T2 (de) 2002-12-19 2009-02-19 Nxp B.V. Phasenwechsel-material enthaltendes elektrisches bauelement
US20050260486A1 (en) * 2004-05-19 2005-11-24 Cho Jeong J Safety element for battery and battery with the same
KR20110072721A (ko) * 2009-12-23 2011-06-29 주식회사 엘지화학 상변환 물질을 이용한 과충전 보호소자와 이를 적용한 이차전지
DE102012005979B4 (de) 2012-03-23 2013-11-07 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Elektrisches Überbrückungselement und Energiespeicher mit dem Überbrückungselement
DE102015214904A1 (de) * 2015-08-05 2017-02-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Hülle für eine elektronische oder elektrochemische Komponente eines Batteriesystems und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines solchen

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
MATTHEW J. BREITWISCH: "Phase Change Memory", 2008, IEEE
MICHAEL SCHREIBER: "Phase-Change-Materials: Disorder can be good", NATURE MATERIALS, vol. 10, 2011, pages 170 - 171

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