WO2018230898A1 - Système de carbonisation de déchets radioactifs à n iveau moyen et à faible niveau utilisant de la vapeur surchauffée basse pression - Google Patents

Système de carbonisation de déchets radioactifs à n iveau moyen et à faible niveau utilisant de la vapeur surchauffée basse pression Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018230898A1
WO2018230898A1 PCT/KR2018/006584 KR2018006584W WO2018230898A1 WO 2018230898 A1 WO2018230898 A1 WO 2018230898A1 KR 2018006584 W KR2018006584 W KR 2018006584W WO 2018230898 A1 WO2018230898 A1 WO 2018230898A1
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Prior art keywords
carbonization
equipment
gas
low
carbonization furnace
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PCT/KR2018/006584
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
김성곤
김용빈
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주식회사 한국테크놀로지
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Publication of WO2018230898A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018230898A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/10—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving an adsorption step
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
    • B09B3/45—Steam treatment, e.g. supercritical water gasification or oxidation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
    • B09B2101/02—Gases or liquids enclosed in discarded articles, e.g. aerosol cans or cooling systems of refrigerators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/82—Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment [WEEE]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for carbonizing and reducing medium and low level radioactive waste using low pressure superheated steam.
  • Radioactive wastes to be disposed of at nuclear power plants are concentrated waste liquids, waste resins, waste filters, scum and sludge, among which 80% of the total waste is generated. Collected waste is stored and stored in drums with protective clothing, socks, gloves, decontamination paper, vinyl, plastic, wood, metals, rubber, and insulation.
  • radioactive wastes large amounts of waste can be reduced, so if the volume can be reduced, the number of drums to be delivered to the repository can be greatly reduced, the life of the repository can be extended, and the disposal cost can be reduced.
  • the efficiency of nuclear power plant operation can be improved.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to reduce the volume of medium and low level radioactive waste by drying and carbonizing a medium and low level radioactive waste containing a flammable catch body capable of volume reduction using low pressure superheated steam. .
  • Another object of the present invention is to minimize the environmental pollution by suppressing the generation of fugitive dust in the process of carbonizing medium and low level radioactive waste using low pressure superheated steam.
  • the present invention provides a supply facility for crushing medium and low-level radioactive waste generated from a nuclear power plant introduced into a hopper to a carbonization furnace after crushing it to a predetermined size; Carbonize by direct injection of the low-pressure superheated steam supplied to the carbonization furnace from the reheat steam generator while horizontally transporting the intermediate and low-level radioactive wastes that are crushed and supplied to the supply facilities in a carbonization furnace equipped with a rotating screw.
  • a carbonization facility that separates the carbonated byproduct and the carbonized gas and discharges the carbonated byproduct tank and the blower, respectively;
  • a saturated steam generator for producing a superheated steam of a predetermined temperature and supplying it to the carbonization furnace and a reheat steam generator, and reheating the saturated steam generated from the saturated steam generator to produce a reheat steam of a predetermined temperature and supply it to a carbonization furnace.
  • a heat source apparatus having a reheat steam generator and a blower for supplying circulating steam discharged from the carbonization furnace and saturated steam produced from the saturated steam generator to the reheat steam generator;
  • a cooling facility cooling the high temperature carbonized gas generated and separated from the carbonization furnace by air cooling heat exchange;
  • a cleaning equipment spraying the cleaning liquid onto the carbonized gas cooled by the cooling equipment to separate and collect dust contained in the carbonized gas by a liquid point, a liquid film, and bubbles;
  • Dehumidification system for removing the water contained in the heat generated by the heat exchange in the carbonization gas and the cooling equipment passed through the cleaning equipment;
  • White smoke that removes particulate matter and radioactive material contained in the carbonized gas from which moisture is removed in the dehumidification system with a hepa filter installed in multiple stages, mixes the gas passed through the cooling facility and the gas passed through the hepa filter, and finally discharges it into the atmosphere. It provides a medium and low level radioactive waste carbonization system using low pressure superheated steam, including
  • the medium and low level radioactive waste including the combustible holding body is carbonized with low pressure superheated steam to be solidified to reduce the volume, thereby reducing approximately 1/5 of the medium and low level radioactive waste drums generated annually in a nuclear power plant. Therefore, the construction cost can be reduced by reducing the disposal cost of radioactive waste and extending the service life of the permanent disposal site. In addition, by extending the life of the permanent disposal site has the advantage of extending the need for additional construction due to the stability of the operation of nuclear power plants and resolution of regional conflicts and permanent disposal of radioactive waste.
  • Figure 1 is an embodiment according to the present invention, a schematic diagram showing a carbonization facility in a medium and low level radioactive waste carbonization system using low pressure superheated steam.
  • Figure 2 shows the carbonization equipment of the medium and low level radioactive waste carbonization system using low pressure superheated steam of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 shows an embodiment of the carbonization furnace in the medium and low level radioactive waste carbonization system using low pressure superheated steam.
  • Figure 4 is an embodiment according to the present invention, a schematic diagram showing a carbon gas treatment facility in a low and medium-level radioactive waste carbonization system using low pressure superheated steam.
  • FIG. 5 shows the carbonization gas treatment equipment in the medium and low level radioactive waste carbonization system using low pressure superheated steam of the present invention.
  • the present invention is divided into a facility for carbonizing medium and low level radioactive waste generated in a nuclear power plant and a facility for processing carbonized gas generated in a carbonization process.
  • the supply facility is a hopper 10 for combustible waste such as clothing, gloves, waste paper, etc., which is generated at a nuclear power plant.
  • the waste is crushed to a predetermined size from the hopper 10 and then supplied to the carbonization facility.
  • the supply facility uses a crusher 12 to increase the carbonization efficiency of the carbonization facility and to achieve a smooth continuous process.
  • the crusher 12 drives the motor 11 with a RUN and STOP push button switch (PBS) of the crusher control panel 13, and the speed is controlled by the crusher inverter.
  • PBS RUN and STOP push button switch
  • the shredder 12 shreds flammable radioactive waste into a predetermined size and is then introduced into the carbonization facility through the hopper 10.
  • the carbonization facility directly injects superheated steam into medium and low level radioactive wastes crushed to a certain size and carbonizes it to reduce its volume.
  • the carbonization plant includes a carbonization furnace 20 in which a rotating screw 27 is installed.
  • the carbonization furnace 20 consists of a substantially cylindrical housing and is installed horizontally.
  • the carbonization furnace 20 has an inlet 21 through which medium and low level radioactive waste is input, a steam inlet 22 through which reheat steam is input from a reheat steam generator 55, a carbonated by-product outlet 23 through which carbonated by-products are discharged, and carbonization.
  • a carbon gas outlet 24 through which gas is discharged is formed.
  • a chamber 25 is provided on the inner wall of the carbonization furnace 20 in which a plurality of injection nozzles 26 are formed to inject the reheat steam introduced from the reheat steam generator 55 over the left and right side surfaces and the lower side surface.
  • the screw 27 installed in the carbonization furnace 20 is operated by the drive of the motor 29.
  • the motor 29 is driven by the RUN and STOP operation of the carbonization facility control panel 30 and the push button switch (PBS), and the speed of the screw can be adjusted by the inverter. Furthermore, it is preferable to control the rotational speed of the motor 29 so that the combustible radioactive waste can be sufficiently carbonized until reaching the carbonated by-product outlet 23.
  • the carbonization furnace 20 is provided with a double slide gate 14 and a double slide gate 14 in front of the inlet 21, that is, between the crusher 12 and the carbonization furnace 20, into which medium and low-level radioactive waste is introduced.
  • a hopper is installed between the solenoid valves at the timer installed in the carbonization furnace 20 so as to cross the external air at the time of injecting and discharging the combustible waste and continuously injecting it.
  • a double slide gate 15 is installed between the carbonated by-product outlet 23 of the carbonization furnace 20 and the carbonated by-product storage tank 28, and a hopper is installed between the double slide gates 15 and the carbonized furnace 20
  • Each solenoid valve crosses the timer installed in the c) to block external air when discharging the carbonated by-product to the carbonated by-product storage tank 28 so as to obtain a homogeneous carbide.
  • the carbonization furnace 20 directly carbonizes the carbon by-product by directly injecting the low-pressure superheated steam supplied from the reheat steam generator 55 while horizontally transferring the supplied medium and low level radioactive waste to the rotating screw 27.
  • the carbonized gas is separated and discharged to the carbonated by-product tank and the blower through the respective outlets.
  • the heat source facility is to supply the heat source required for the carbonization furnace 20 by producing superheated steam above a predetermined temperature. That is, the heat source equipment produces overheated steam of 500 degrees or more in the saturated steam generator 50 and supplies it to the carbonization furnace 20 and the reheat steam generator 55.
  • the saturated steam generator 50 produces saturated steam by a constant temperature, for example, 100 degrees or more, through the supplied time constant through an evaporator. The evaporator heats the time constant using a plurality of heaters to produce saturated steam.
  • Saturated steam generator 50 is driven by the START (STOP) and STOP (PTOP Button Switch) of the carbonization facility control panel 30. Saturated steam produced by the saturated steam generator 50 is supplied to the circulation line through the circulation blower (40).
  • the circulating blower 40 is designed to be driven and controlled by a push button switch (PBS) of START and STOP of the carbonization facility control panel 30. Saturated steam generated from the saturated steam generator 50 is supplied through the carbonization furnace 20, the reheat steam generator 55 and the circulation line.
  • PBS push button switch
  • the reheat steam generator 55 when the saturated steam generated in the saturated steam generator 50 is introduced through the circulation line using the circulation blower 40, reheats it to overheat the steam at a predetermined temperature, for example, a low pressure of 500 degrees or more. Produced and supplied to the carbonization furnace 20 and the circulation line.
  • the reheat steam generator 55 is installed in multiple stages to increase the temperature of the saturated steam delivered by using a plurality of electric heaters (Flanged Immersion Heater) for each stage.
  • the reheat steam generator control panel 57 installed in the reheat steam generator 55 is designed to drive each electric heater by START and STOP PBS (Push Button Switch).
  • the low-temperature superheated steam of 500 degrees or more is produced by turning on or off the electric heater of each stage of the reheat steam generator 55 according to the temperature value set by the temperature controller including the input temperature of the reheat steam generator 55 and the indicator. To circulate the circulation blower (40).
  • the cooling facility cools the high temperature carbonized gas generated and separated in the carbonization furnace 20 by air cooling heat exchange.
  • the cooling facility includes a gas cooler 60 and a gas cooling fan 61.
  • the gas cooler 60 cools the heat contained in the carbonized gas with the air blown from the gas cooling fan 61 driven by the motor.
  • the condensate is separated into the condensate storage tank 69 and discharged, and the cooled carbonized gas is supplied to the washing facility.
  • the cleaning equipment sprays the cleaning liquid onto the carbonized gas cooled by the cooling equipment to separate and collect the dust contained in the carbonized gas by the liquid point, the liquid film, and the bubbles.
  • the washing facility includes a washing tower 62, a plurality of spray pumps 63 for spraying the washing liquid onto the washing tower 62, and a condenser 64 for cooling the carbonized gas cleaned in the washing tower with time constant water.
  • the cleaning tower 62 sucks the carbonized gas introduced into the venturi tube with the cleaning liquid supplied from the spray pump 63 and then sprays the cleaning liquid injected from the spray pump 63 into the carbonized gas.
  • the dust separated from the carbonized gas is precipitated in the lower portion of the washing tower 62 and discharged to the condensate storage tank (69).
  • the carbonized gas from which the dust is separated in the washing tower 62 is supplied to the condenser 64 and cooled.
  • the condensate generated while condensing the carbonized gas in the condenser 64 is discharged to the condensate storage tank 69 separately.
  • the dehumidification equipment removes the water contained in the heat generated by the heat exchange in the carbonized gas passing through the cleaning tower 62 and the condenser 64 of the cleaning equipment and the gas cooler 60 of the cooling equipment.
  • the dehumidifier includes a dehumidifier 65. Water dehumidified in the carbonized gas through the dehumidifier (65) is separated and discharged into the condensate storage tank (69). The carbonized gas passed through the dehumidifier 65 is discharged to the atmosphere or discharged to the smoke reduction facility.
  • the white smoke reduction facility removes the particulate matter and radioactive material contained in the carbonized gas from which moisture is removed from the dehumidifier 65 of the dehumidification facility with the HEPA filter 66 installed in multiple stages.
  • the gas passing through the gas cooler 60 of the cooling system and the gas passing through the HEPA filter 66 are mixed in the mixing chamber 67 and finally discharged into the atmosphere through the blowing fan 68.
  • the condensate storage tank 69 temporarily stores condensate, particulate matter, water soluble gas, and radioactive material separated from the cooling facility, the cleaning facility, and the dehumidification facility, respectively.
  • the carbonization gas treatment facility is cooled, cleaned, condensed, dehumidified, filtered, and reduced in smoke by the control of the control panel 70.
  • the crusher control panel 13 is used to control the motor 11 capable of adjusting the speed for the operation of the crusher 12.
  • the crusher 12 is crushed combustible medium and low-level radioactive waste is supplied to the carbonization furnace 20 of the carbonization facility.
  • the inlet 21 of the carbonization furnace 20 when the flammable medium and low level radioactive waste is inputted by the double slide gate 14 and the hopper through the operation of the solenoid valve equipped with a timer under the control of the carbonization facility control panel 30. Continuously add crushed waste while shutting off the air.
  • the waste introduced into the carbonization furnace 20 is rotated by the screw 27 by the driving of the motor 29 under the control of the carbonization facility control panel 30.
  • the low temperature superheated steam supplied from the reheat steam generator 55 is injected into the carbonization furnace 20 through a plurality of injection nozzles 26 formed at predetermined intervals in the chamber 25. That is, the combustible medium and low level radioactive waste injected into the carbonization furnace 20 is heated to the low pressure superheated steam injected through the injection nozzle 26 formed in the chamber 25 while being moved horizontally with respect to the rotational direction of the screw 27. It is in direct contact and carbonized.
  • the rotation speed of the screw 27 of the carbonization furnace 20 can be adjusted to about 0.37 RPM.
  • the rotation speed of the screw 27 of the carbonization furnace 20 it is preferable to adjust the rotation speed of the screw 27 of the carbonization furnace 20 so that the combustible medium and low level radioactive waste can be sufficiently carbonized by the low pressure superheated steam injected until the carbonated byproduct outlet 23 is reached.
  • the carbonated by-product discharge port 23 discharges combustible medium and low level radioactive waste by the operation of the solenoid valve in which the timer is installed under the control of the carbonization facility control panel 30 through the double slide gate 15 and the hopper therebetween. It can block external air and get homogeneous carbonation byproducts.
  • the saturated steam generator 50 and the circulation blower 40 is operated by the control of the carbonization facility control panel 30, the circulation blower 40 is preferably capable of adjusting the speed.
  • Saturated steam generated in the saturated steam generator 50 is supplied to the carbonization furnace 20, the reheat steam generator 55 and the circulation line, respectively.
  • the reheat steam generator 55 heats the saturated steam supplied from the saturated steam generator 50 with an electric heater 56 installed in each of the plurality of stages to produce low pressure reheat steam of about 600 degrees or more, and thus the carbonization furnace 20 and the circulation line. To supply.
  • the reheat steam generator 55 produces reheat steam at a temperature set by the control of the reheat steam generator control panel 57.
  • the reheat steam generator 55 the carbon gas discharged from the carbonization gas outlet 24 of the carbonization furnace 20 is introduced through the circulation blower (40).
  • the high temperature carbonized gas discharged from the carbonization gas outlet 24 of the carbonization furnace 20 is processed by the control of the control panel 70 through the cooling facility, the cleaning facility, the dehumidification facility, and the white smoke reduction facility. That is, the high temperature carbonized gas generated in the carbonization furnace 20 and discharged through the carbonized gas outlet 24 is heat-exchanged through the gas cooler 60 provided with the gas cooling fan 61 and cooled. The cooled carbonized gas is supplied to the washing tower 62 of the washing facility and washed with the washing liquid supplied from the spray pump 63. At this time, the dust contained in the carbonized gas is separated and collected by the generated liquid point, liquid film, bubbles, and the like.
  • Some unremoved gaseous by-products condense and remove remaining water and water soluble gases while passing through condenser 64.
  • the dehumidifier 65 of the dehumidification system in order to minimize the performance degradation of the HEPA filter 66, the dehumidifier 65 of the dehumidification system to remove more than 90% of the water in the carbonized gas.
  • the dehumidified carbon gas is removed through the hepa filter 66, which is composed of multiple stages in the white smoke reduction system, to remove particulate matter and radioactive substance, respectively.
  • the mixing chamber 67 is discharged to the atmosphere through the blowing fan 68.
  • the condensate and particulate matter, the water-soluble gas and the radioactive material stored in the washing tower is discharged and stored in the condensate storage tank (69).
  • the carbonization system of the present invention it is possible to significantly reduce the volume and weight of the carbonated by-products produced during the carbonization process of the combustible medium and low-level radioactive waste.
  • the carbonized byproducts were carbonized for about 3 hours and 20 minutes of the total weight of 5Kg and the volume of 28.8L of clothing (3Kg and 27L), gloves (1.3Kg and 1L), waste paper (0.7Kg and 0.8L).
  • the weight of was reduced by 88% to 0.6Kg, the volume was reduced to 82.6% by about 5L.
  • the medium and low level radioactive waste carbonization system using low pressure superheated steam carbonizes medium and low level radioactive waste with a low pressure superheated steam containing solid combustible solids to reduce the volume to reduce the volume of the intermediate
  • the low level radioactive waste drum can be reduced by approximately 1/5, so the construction cost can be reduced by reducing the disposal cost of radioactive waste and extending the service life of the permanent disposal site.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de carbonisation de milieu de carbonisation de déchets radioactifs à niveau moyen et à faible niveau à l'aide de vapeur surchauffée à basse pression pour réduire cette dernière, et comprend : un équipement d'alimentation destiné à broyer des déchets radioactifs à moyen niveau et à faible niveau produits à partir d'une centrale nucléaire à l'aide d'un broyeur et à les alimenter dans un four de carbonisation; un équipement de carbonisation destiné à injecter directement de la vapeur surchauffée à basse pression fournie par un générateur de vapeur de réchauffage sur les déchets radioactifs à moyen niveau et à faible niveau pour carboniser ces derniers, puis à séparer les sous-produits de carbonisation et le gaz de carbonisation et à les décharger dans un réservoir de sous-produit de carbonisation et un ventilateur, respectivement; un équipement de source de chaleur pourvu d'un générateur de vapeur saturée destiné à générer de la vapeur surchauffée et à la fournir au four de carbonisation et au générateur de vapeur de réchauffage, un générateur de vapeur de réchauffage en plusieurs étapes servant à réchauffer la vapeur saturée générée par le générateur de vapeur saturée et à la fournir au four de carbonisation, et au ventilateur destiné à fournir de la vapeur de circulation et de la vapeur saturée au générateur de vapeur de réchauffage; un équipement de refroidissement destiné à refroidir un gaz carbonisé à haute température qui est généré et séparé du four de carbonisation au moyen d'un échange de chaleur refroidi par air; un équipement de nettoyage destiné à pulvériser un liquide de nettoyage sur le gaz carbonisé qui a été refroidi par l'équipement de refroidissement pour séparer et capturer la poussière contenue dans le gaz carbonisé par l'intermédiaire de gouttes de liquide, de liquide, et de bulles; un équipement de déshumidification destiné à éliminer l'humidité contenue dans la chaleur générée par le gaz carbonisé qui est passé à travers l'équipement de nettoyage et par un échange de chaleur dans l'équipement de refroidissement; et un équipement de réduction de fumée blanche destiné à éliminer un matériau particulaire et un matériau radioactif inclus dans le gaz carbonisé à partir duquel l'humidité a été éliminée par l'équipement de déshumidification, à l'aide d'un filtre HEPA installé en multi-étapes, et à mélanger et enfin à libérer dans l'atmosphère du gaz qui est passé par l'équipement de refroidissement et du gaz qui est passé par le filtre HEPA.
PCT/KR2018/006584 2017-06-13 2018-06-11 Système de carbonisation de déchets radioactifs à n iveau moyen et à faible niveau utilisant de la vapeur surchauffée basse pression WO2018230898A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2616488A (en) * 2022-09-02 2023-09-13 Sru Innovations Ltd Steam treatment of waste

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RU2726145C1 (ru) * 2019-04-25 2020-07-09 Валерий Вадимович Крымский Способ уменьшения радиоактивности отработавших графитовых блоков и установка для его осуществления

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KR100721911B1 (ko) * 2006-07-19 2007-05-28 (주)청명씨에스 과열증기를 이용한 폐기물 열처리장치
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2616488A (en) * 2022-09-02 2023-09-13 Sru Innovations Ltd Steam treatment of waste

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