WO2018230898A1 - Medium- and low-level radioactive waste carbonizing system using low-pressure superheated vapor - Google Patents

Medium- and low-level radioactive waste carbonizing system using low-pressure superheated vapor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018230898A1
WO2018230898A1 PCT/KR2018/006584 KR2018006584W WO2018230898A1 WO 2018230898 A1 WO2018230898 A1 WO 2018230898A1 KR 2018006584 W KR2018006584 W KR 2018006584W WO 2018230898 A1 WO2018230898 A1 WO 2018230898A1
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Prior art keywords
carbonization
equipment
gas
low
carbonization furnace
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PCT/KR2018/006584
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French (fr)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
김성곤
김용빈
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주식회사 한국테크놀로지
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Publication of WO2018230898A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018230898A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/10—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving an adsorption step
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
    • B09B3/45—Steam treatment, e.g. supercritical water gasification or oxidation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
    • B09B2101/02—Gases or liquids enclosed in discarded articles, e.g. aerosol cans or cooling systems of refrigerators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/82—Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment [WEEE]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for carbonizing and reducing medium and low level radioactive waste using low pressure superheated steam.
  • Radioactive wastes to be disposed of at nuclear power plants are concentrated waste liquids, waste resins, waste filters, scum and sludge, among which 80% of the total waste is generated. Collected waste is stored and stored in drums with protective clothing, socks, gloves, decontamination paper, vinyl, plastic, wood, metals, rubber, and insulation.
  • radioactive wastes large amounts of waste can be reduced, so if the volume can be reduced, the number of drums to be delivered to the repository can be greatly reduced, the life of the repository can be extended, and the disposal cost can be reduced.
  • the efficiency of nuclear power plant operation can be improved.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to reduce the volume of medium and low level radioactive waste by drying and carbonizing a medium and low level radioactive waste containing a flammable catch body capable of volume reduction using low pressure superheated steam. .
  • Another object of the present invention is to minimize the environmental pollution by suppressing the generation of fugitive dust in the process of carbonizing medium and low level radioactive waste using low pressure superheated steam.
  • the present invention provides a supply facility for crushing medium and low-level radioactive waste generated from a nuclear power plant introduced into a hopper to a carbonization furnace after crushing it to a predetermined size; Carbonize by direct injection of the low-pressure superheated steam supplied to the carbonization furnace from the reheat steam generator while horizontally transporting the intermediate and low-level radioactive wastes that are crushed and supplied to the supply facilities in a carbonization furnace equipped with a rotating screw.
  • a carbonization facility that separates the carbonated byproduct and the carbonized gas and discharges the carbonated byproduct tank and the blower, respectively;
  • a saturated steam generator for producing a superheated steam of a predetermined temperature and supplying it to the carbonization furnace and a reheat steam generator, and reheating the saturated steam generated from the saturated steam generator to produce a reheat steam of a predetermined temperature and supply it to a carbonization furnace.
  • a heat source apparatus having a reheat steam generator and a blower for supplying circulating steam discharged from the carbonization furnace and saturated steam produced from the saturated steam generator to the reheat steam generator;
  • a cooling facility cooling the high temperature carbonized gas generated and separated from the carbonization furnace by air cooling heat exchange;
  • a cleaning equipment spraying the cleaning liquid onto the carbonized gas cooled by the cooling equipment to separate and collect dust contained in the carbonized gas by a liquid point, a liquid film, and bubbles;
  • Dehumidification system for removing the water contained in the heat generated by the heat exchange in the carbonization gas and the cooling equipment passed through the cleaning equipment;
  • White smoke that removes particulate matter and radioactive material contained in the carbonized gas from which moisture is removed in the dehumidification system with a hepa filter installed in multiple stages, mixes the gas passed through the cooling facility and the gas passed through the hepa filter, and finally discharges it into the atmosphere. It provides a medium and low level radioactive waste carbonization system using low pressure superheated steam, including
  • the medium and low level radioactive waste including the combustible holding body is carbonized with low pressure superheated steam to be solidified to reduce the volume, thereby reducing approximately 1/5 of the medium and low level radioactive waste drums generated annually in a nuclear power plant. Therefore, the construction cost can be reduced by reducing the disposal cost of radioactive waste and extending the service life of the permanent disposal site. In addition, by extending the life of the permanent disposal site has the advantage of extending the need for additional construction due to the stability of the operation of nuclear power plants and resolution of regional conflicts and permanent disposal of radioactive waste.
  • Figure 1 is an embodiment according to the present invention, a schematic diagram showing a carbonization facility in a medium and low level radioactive waste carbonization system using low pressure superheated steam.
  • Figure 2 shows the carbonization equipment of the medium and low level radioactive waste carbonization system using low pressure superheated steam of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 shows an embodiment of the carbonization furnace in the medium and low level radioactive waste carbonization system using low pressure superheated steam.
  • Figure 4 is an embodiment according to the present invention, a schematic diagram showing a carbon gas treatment facility in a low and medium-level radioactive waste carbonization system using low pressure superheated steam.
  • FIG. 5 shows the carbonization gas treatment equipment in the medium and low level radioactive waste carbonization system using low pressure superheated steam of the present invention.
  • the present invention is divided into a facility for carbonizing medium and low level radioactive waste generated in a nuclear power plant and a facility for processing carbonized gas generated in a carbonization process.
  • the supply facility is a hopper 10 for combustible waste such as clothing, gloves, waste paper, etc., which is generated at a nuclear power plant.
  • the waste is crushed to a predetermined size from the hopper 10 and then supplied to the carbonization facility.
  • the supply facility uses a crusher 12 to increase the carbonization efficiency of the carbonization facility and to achieve a smooth continuous process.
  • the crusher 12 drives the motor 11 with a RUN and STOP push button switch (PBS) of the crusher control panel 13, and the speed is controlled by the crusher inverter.
  • PBS RUN and STOP push button switch
  • the shredder 12 shreds flammable radioactive waste into a predetermined size and is then introduced into the carbonization facility through the hopper 10.
  • the carbonization facility directly injects superheated steam into medium and low level radioactive wastes crushed to a certain size and carbonizes it to reduce its volume.
  • the carbonization plant includes a carbonization furnace 20 in which a rotating screw 27 is installed.
  • the carbonization furnace 20 consists of a substantially cylindrical housing and is installed horizontally.
  • the carbonization furnace 20 has an inlet 21 through which medium and low level radioactive waste is input, a steam inlet 22 through which reheat steam is input from a reheat steam generator 55, a carbonated by-product outlet 23 through which carbonated by-products are discharged, and carbonization.
  • a carbon gas outlet 24 through which gas is discharged is formed.
  • a chamber 25 is provided on the inner wall of the carbonization furnace 20 in which a plurality of injection nozzles 26 are formed to inject the reheat steam introduced from the reheat steam generator 55 over the left and right side surfaces and the lower side surface.
  • the screw 27 installed in the carbonization furnace 20 is operated by the drive of the motor 29.
  • the motor 29 is driven by the RUN and STOP operation of the carbonization facility control panel 30 and the push button switch (PBS), and the speed of the screw can be adjusted by the inverter. Furthermore, it is preferable to control the rotational speed of the motor 29 so that the combustible radioactive waste can be sufficiently carbonized until reaching the carbonated by-product outlet 23.
  • the carbonization furnace 20 is provided with a double slide gate 14 and a double slide gate 14 in front of the inlet 21, that is, between the crusher 12 and the carbonization furnace 20, into which medium and low-level radioactive waste is introduced.
  • a hopper is installed between the solenoid valves at the timer installed in the carbonization furnace 20 so as to cross the external air at the time of injecting and discharging the combustible waste and continuously injecting it.
  • a double slide gate 15 is installed between the carbonated by-product outlet 23 of the carbonization furnace 20 and the carbonated by-product storage tank 28, and a hopper is installed between the double slide gates 15 and the carbonized furnace 20
  • Each solenoid valve crosses the timer installed in the c) to block external air when discharging the carbonated by-product to the carbonated by-product storage tank 28 so as to obtain a homogeneous carbide.
  • the carbonization furnace 20 directly carbonizes the carbon by-product by directly injecting the low-pressure superheated steam supplied from the reheat steam generator 55 while horizontally transferring the supplied medium and low level radioactive waste to the rotating screw 27.
  • the carbonized gas is separated and discharged to the carbonated by-product tank and the blower through the respective outlets.
  • the heat source facility is to supply the heat source required for the carbonization furnace 20 by producing superheated steam above a predetermined temperature. That is, the heat source equipment produces overheated steam of 500 degrees or more in the saturated steam generator 50 and supplies it to the carbonization furnace 20 and the reheat steam generator 55.
  • the saturated steam generator 50 produces saturated steam by a constant temperature, for example, 100 degrees or more, through the supplied time constant through an evaporator. The evaporator heats the time constant using a plurality of heaters to produce saturated steam.
  • Saturated steam generator 50 is driven by the START (STOP) and STOP (PTOP Button Switch) of the carbonization facility control panel 30. Saturated steam produced by the saturated steam generator 50 is supplied to the circulation line through the circulation blower (40).
  • the circulating blower 40 is designed to be driven and controlled by a push button switch (PBS) of START and STOP of the carbonization facility control panel 30. Saturated steam generated from the saturated steam generator 50 is supplied through the carbonization furnace 20, the reheat steam generator 55 and the circulation line.
  • PBS push button switch
  • the reheat steam generator 55 when the saturated steam generated in the saturated steam generator 50 is introduced through the circulation line using the circulation blower 40, reheats it to overheat the steam at a predetermined temperature, for example, a low pressure of 500 degrees or more. Produced and supplied to the carbonization furnace 20 and the circulation line.
  • the reheat steam generator 55 is installed in multiple stages to increase the temperature of the saturated steam delivered by using a plurality of electric heaters (Flanged Immersion Heater) for each stage.
  • the reheat steam generator control panel 57 installed in the reheat steam generator 55 is designed to drive each electric heater by START and STOP PBS (Push Button Switch).
  • the low-temperature superheated steam of 500 degrees or more is produced by turning on or off the electric heater of each stage of the reheat steam generator 55 according to the temperature value set by the temperature controller including the input temperature of the reheat steam generator 55 and the indicator. To circulate the circulation blower (40).
  • the cooling facility cools the high temperature carbonized gas generated and separated in the carbonization furnace 20 by air cooling heat exchange.
  • the cooling facility includes a gas cooler 60 and a gas cooling fan 61.
  • the gas cooler 60 cools the heat contained in the carbonized gas with the air blown from the gas cooling fan 61 driven by the motor.
  • the condensate is separated into the condensate storage tank 69 and discharged, and the cooled carbonized gas is supplied to the washing facility.
  • the cleaning equipment sprays the cleaning liquid onto the carbonized gas cooled by the cooling equipment to separate and collect the dust contained in the carbonized gas by the liquid point, the liquid film, and the bubbles.
  • the washing facility includes a washing tower 62, a plurality of spray pumps 63 for spraying the washing liquid onto the washing tower 62, and a condenser 64 for cooling the carbonized gas cleaned in the washing tower with time constant water.
  • the cleaning tower 62 sucks the carbonized gas introduced into the venturi tube with the cleaning liquid supplied from the spray pump 63 and then sprays the cleaning liquid injected from the spray pump 63 into the carbonized gas.
  • the dust separated from the carbonized gas is precipitated in the lower portion of the washing tower 62 and discharged to the condensate storage tank (69).
  • the carbonized gas from which the dust is separated in the washing tower 62 is supplied to the condenser 64 and cooled.
  • the condensate generated while condensing the carbonized gas in the condenser 64 is discharged to the condensate storage tank 69 separately.
  • the dehumidification equipment removes the water contained in the heat generated by the heat exchange in the carbonized gas passing through the cleaning tower 62 and the condenser 64 of the cleaning equipment and the gas cooler 60 of the cooling equipment.
  • the dehumidifier includes a dehumidifier 65. Water dehumidified in the carbonized gas through the dehumidifier (65) is separated and discharged into the condensate storage tank (69). The carbonized gas passed through the dehumidifier 65 is discharged to the atmosphere or discharged to the smoke reduction facility.
  • the white smoke reduction facility removes the particulate matter and radioactive material contained in the carbonized gas from which moisture is removed from the dehumidifier 65 of the dehumidification facility with the HEPA filter 66 installed in multiple stages.
  • the gas passing through the gas cooler 60 of the cooling system and the gas passing through the HEPA filter 66 are mixed in the mixing chamber 67 and finally discharged into the atmosphere through the blowing fan 68.
  • the condensate storage tank 69 temporarily stores condensate, particulate matter, water soluble gas, and radioactive material separated from the cooling facility, the cleaning facility, and the dehumidification facility, respectively.
  • the carbonization gas treatment facility is cooled, cleaned, condensed, dehumidified, filtered, and reduced in smoke by the control of the control panel 70.
  • the crusher control panel 13 is used to control the motor 11 capable of adjusting the speed for the operation of the crusher 12.
  • the crusher 12 is crushed combustible medium and low-level radioactive waste is supplied to the carbonization furnace 20 of the carbonization facility.
  • the inlet 21 of the carbonization furnace 20 when the flammable medium and low level radioactive waste is inputted by the double slide gate 14 and the hopper through the operation of the solenoid valve equipped with a timer under the control of the carbonization facility control panel 30. Continuously add crushed waste while shutting off the air.
  • the waste introduced into the carbonization furnace 20 is rotated by the screw 27 by the driving of the motor 29 under the control of the carbonization facility control panel 30.
  • the low temperature superheated steam supplied from the reheat steam generator 55 is injected into the carbonization furnace 20 through a plurality of injection nozzles 26 formed at predetermined intervals in the chamber 25. That is, the combustible medium and low level radioactive waste injected into the carbonization furnace 20 is heated to the low pressure superheated steam injected through the injection nozzle 26 formed in the chamber 25 while being moved horizontally with respect to the rotational direction of the screw 27. It is in direct contact and carbonized.
  • the rotation speed of the screw 27 of the carbonization furnace 20 can be adjusted to about 0.37 RPM.
  • the rotation speed of the screw 27 of the carbonization furnace 20 it is preferable to adjust the rotation speed of the screw 27 of the carbonization furnace 20 so that the combustible medium and low level radioactive waste can be sufficiently carbonized by the low pressure superheated steam injected until the carbonated byproduct outlet 23 is reached.
  • the carbonated by-product discharge port 23 discharges combustible medium and low level radioactive waste by the operation of the solenoid valve in which the timer is installed under the control of the carbonization facility control panel 30 through the double slide gate 15 and the hopper therebetween. It can block external air and get homogeneous carbonation byproducts.
  • the saturated steam generator 50 and the circulation blower 40 is operated by the control of the carbonization facility control panel 30, the circulation blower 40 is preferably capable of adjusting the speed.
  • Saturated steam generated in the saturated steam generator 50 is supplied to the carbonization furnace 20, the reheat steam generator 55 and the circulation line, respectively.
  • the reheat steam generator 55 heats the saturated steam supplied from the saturated steam generator 50 with an electric heater 56 installed in each of the plurality of stages to produce low pressure reheat steam of about 600 degrees or more, and thus the carbonization furnace 20 and the circulation line. To supply.
  • the reheat steam generator 55 produces reheat steam at a temperature set by the control of the reheat steam generator control panel 57.
  • the reheat steam generator 55 the carbon gas discharged from the carbonization gas outlet 24 of the carbonization furnace 20 is introduced through the circulation blower (40).
  • the high temperature carbonized gas discharged from the carbonization gas outlet 24 of the carbonization furnace 20 is processed by the control of the control panel 70 through the cooling facility, the cleaning facility, the dehumidification facility, and the white smoke reduction facility. That is, the high temperature carbonized gas generated in the carbonization furnace 20 and discharged through the carbonized gas outlet 24 is heat-exchanged through the gas cooler 60 provided with the gas cooling fan 61 and cooled. The cooled carbonized gas is supplied to the washing tower 62 of the washing facility and washed with the washing liquid supplied from the spray pump 63. At this time, the dust contained in the carbonized gas is separated and collected by the generated liquid point, liquid film, bubbles, and the like.
  • Some unremoved gaseous by-products condense and remove remaining water and water soluble gases while passing through condenser 64.
  • the dehumidifier 65 of the dehumidification system in order to minimize the performance degradation of the HEPA filter 66, the dehumidifier 65 of the dehumidification system to remove more than 90% of the water in the carbonized gas.
  • the dehumidified carbon gas is removed through the hepa filter 66, which is composed of multiple stages in the white smoke reduction system, to remove particulate matter and radioactive substance, respectively.
  • the mixing chamber 67 is discharged to the atmosphere through the blowing fan 68.
  • the condensate and particulate matter, the water-soluble gas and the radioactive material stored in the washing tower is discharged and stored in the condensate storage tank (69).
  • the carbonization system of the present invention it is possible to significantly reduce the volume and weight of the carbonated by-products produced during the carbonization process of the combustible medium and low-level radioactive waste.
  • the carbonized byproducts were carbonized for about 3 hours and 20 minutes of the total weight of 5Kg and the volume of 28.8L of clothing (3Kg and 27L), gloves (1.3Kg and 1L), waste paper (0.7Kg and 0.8L).
  • the weight of was reduced by 88% to 0.6Kg, the volume was reduced to 82.6% by about 5L.
  • the medium and low level radioactive waste carbonization system using low pressure superheated steam carbonizes medium and low level radioactive waste with a low pressure superheated steam containing solid combustible solids to reduce the volume to reduce the volume of the intermediate
  • the low level radioactive waste drum can be reduced by approximately 1/5, so the construction cost can be reduced by reducing the disposal cost of radioactive waste and extending the service life of the permanent disposal site.

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  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a system for carbonizing medium- and low-level radioactive waste using superheated vapor at low pressure to reduce same, and comprises: supply equipment for crushing medium- and low-level radioactive waste produced from a nuclear power plant using a crusher and supplying same into a carbonization furnace; carbonization equipment for directly injecting superheated vapor at low pressure supplied from a reheat vapor generator on the medium- and low-level radioactive waste to carbonize same, and then separating carbonization byproducts and carbonization gas and discharging same to a carbonization byproduct tank and a blower, respectively; heat source equipment provided with a saturated vapor generator for generating superheated vapor and supplying same to the carbonization furnace and the reheat vapor generator, a multistep reheat vapor generator for reheating saturated vapor generated from the saturated vapor generator and supplying same to the carbonization furnace, and the blower for supplying circulating vapor and saturated vapor to the reheat vapor generator; cooling equipment for cooling carbonized gas at high temperature that is generated and separated from the carbonization furnace by means of air-cooled heat exchange; cleansing equipment for spraying a cleansing liquid on the carbonized gas which has been cooled by the cooling equipment to separate and capture dust contained in the carbonized gas through liquid drops, liquid film, and bubbles; dehumidifying equipment for eliminating moisture contained in heat generated from the carbonized gas which has passed through the cleansing equipment and from heat exchange in the cooling equipment; and white smoke reducing equipment for eliminating particulate material and radioactive material included in the carbonized gas from which moisture has been removed by the dehumidifying equipment, by using a HEPA filter installed in multi-steps, and mixing and finally releasing into the atmosphere gas which has passed through the cooling equipment and gas which has passed through the HEPA filter.

Description

저압 과열증기를 이용한 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물 탄화 시스템Medium and low level radioactive waste carbonization system using low pressure superheated steam
본 발명은 저압의 과열증기를 이용하여 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물을 탄화시켜 감량화시키는 시스템에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a system for carbonizing and reducing medium and low level radioactive waste using low pressure superheated steam.
국내에서 중, 저준위 방사성 폐기물 영구 처분장이 경주에 건설되어 운영되고 있으나, 이미 처분장으로 인도된 방사성 폐기물을 포함하여 지금까지 원자력발전소에 보관중인 중, 저준위 방사성 폐기물 드럼을 모두 처분장으로 인도할 시점이 되면 처분장의 저장용량을 초과할 우려가 있어 신규 처분장의 건설계획을 앞당겨 마련해야 하는 상황이 될 수도 있기 때문에 원자력발전소에서 발생되는 방사성 폐기물의 감량화가 절실한 실정이다. 현재 방사성 폐기물 1개 드럼 처분비용으로 대략 1,300만원이 소요되고 있다. 향후 방사성 폐기물은 더욱 더 늘어날 것으로 예상되고 그 처분비용도 점점 더 불어날 것으로 예상되는 상황이다.In Korea, a permanent middle and low level radioactive waste disposal site is being constructed and operated in Gyeongju, but when it is time to deliver all the middle and low level radioactive waste drums that have been stored in the nuclear power plant to the repository, including radioactive waste that has already been delivered to the disposal site, Since there is a possibility of exceeding the storage capacity of the repository, it may be necessary to prepare a construction plan for a new repository ahead of time. Therefore, the reduction of radioactive waste generated from nuclear power plants is urgently needed. Currently, about 13 million won is spent on the disposal of one drum of radioactive waste. In the future, radioactive waste is expected to increase further, and disposal costs are expected to increase.
원자력발전소에서 발생되는 처분장 인도대상 방사성 폐기물은 농축폐액, 폐수지, 폐필터, 잡고체, 슬러지 등으로 이중에서 잡고체 발생량이 전체 방사성 폐기물 발생량의 대략 80%를 차지하고 있다. 잡고체 폐기물은 방호복, 양말, 장갑, 제염지, 비닐, 플라스틱, 목재, 금속류, 고무, 보온재 등으로 드럼에 압축하여 저장 및 보관하고 있다.Radioactive wastes to be disposed of at nuclear power plants are concentrated waste liquids, waste resins, waste filters, scum and sludge, among which 80% of the total waste is generated. Collected waste is stored and stored in drums with protective clothing, socks, gloves, decontamination paper, vinyl, plastic, wood, metals, rubber, and insulation.
잡고체 방사성 폐기물 중에는 부피감량이 가능한 폐기물이 상당량 차지하고 있어 이들의 부피를 감량할 수 있다면 처분장 인도대상 드럼의 수량을 크게 줄일 수 있고 처분장의 수명을 연장할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 처분비용도 절감할 수 있어 원자력발전소 운용에 따른 효율을 향상시킬 수 있을 것이다.Among the radioactive wastes, large amounts of waste can be reduced, so if the volume can be reduced, the number of drums to be delivered to the repository can be greatly reduced, the life of the repository can be extended, and the disposal cost can be reduced. The efficiency of nuclear power plant operation can be improved.
이와 관련된 종래기술로 대한민국 등록특허공보 제10-1333499호(2013.11.28. 공개)가 있다.The related art is Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-1333499 (published on November 28, 2013).
본 발명은 상기 문제점을 해결하기 위한 것으로, 부피감량이 가능한 가연성 잡고체를 포함하는 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물을 저압 과열증기를 이용하여 건조 탄화하여 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물의 부피를 감소시키기 위한 것이 목적이다.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to reduce the volume of medium and low level radioactive waste by drying and carbonizing a medium and low level radioactive waste containing a flammable catch body capable of volume reduction using low pressure superheated steam. .
또한, 본 발명은 저압 과열증기를 이용하여 중ㆍ저준위 방사성 폐기물을 탄화시키는 공정에서 비산 분진 발생을 억제하여 환경오염을 최소화하기 위한 것이 다른 목적이다.In addition, another object of the present invention is to minimize the environmental pollution by suppressing the generation of fugitive dust in the process of carbonizing medium and low level radioactive waste using low pressure superheated steam.
본 발명은 상기 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 호퍼로 투입된 원자력발전소에서 발생되는 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물을 파쇄기로 일정한 크기로 파쇄한 후 탄화로에 공급하는 공급설비; 상기 공급설비에서 일정 크기로 파쇄되어 공급된 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물을 회전하는 스크류가 설치된 탄화로에서 수평으로 이송하는 동안 재열증기발생기에서 탄화로에 공급된 저압의 과열증기를 직분사하여 탄화시킨 후 탄화부산물과 탄화가스를 분리하여 탄화부산물탱크와 송풍기로 각각 배출하는 탄화설비; 일정 온도의 과열증기를 생산하여 상기 탄화로와 재열증기발생기로 공급하는 포화증기발생기와, 상기 포화증기발생기에서 발생된 포화증기를 재가열하여 일정 온도의 재열증기를 생산하여 탄화로에 공급하는 다단의 재열증기발생기와, 상기 탄화로에서 배출된 순환증기와 포화증기발생기에서 생산된 포화증기를 재열증기발생기로 공급하는 송풍기가 구비된 열원설비; 상기 탄화로에서 발생되어 분리된 고온의 탄화가스를 공랭식 열교환으로 냉각시키는 냉각설비; 상기 냉각설비에서 냉각된 탄화가스에 세정액을 분사하여 액점, 액막, 기포에 의해서 탄화가스에 함유된 먼지를 분리하여 포집하는 세정설비; 상기 세정설비를 거친 탄화가스와 냉각설비에서 열교환으로 발생된 열에 포함된 수분을 제거하는 제습설비; 상기 제습설비에서 수분이 제거된 탄화가스에 포함된 입자상 물질과 방사능 물질을 다단으로 설치된 헤파필터로 제거하고 상기 냉각설비를 통과한 가스와 헤파필터를 통과한 가스를 혼합하여 대기 중으로 최종 방출시키는 백연저감설비;를 포함하여 이루어진 저압 과열증기를 이용한 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물 탄화 시스템을 제공한 것이 특징이다.In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a supply facility for crushing medium and low-level radioactive waste generated from a nuclear power plant introduced into a hopper to a carbonization furnace after crushing it to a predetermined size; Carbonize by direct injection of the low-pressure superheated steam supplied to the carbonization furnace from the reheat steam generator while horizontally transporting the intermediate and low-level radioactive wastes that are crushed and supplied to the supply facilities in a carbonization furnace equipped with a rotating screw. A carbonization facility that separates the carbonated byproduct and the carbonized gas and discharges the carbonated byproduct tank and the blower, respectively; A saturated steam generator for producing a superheated steam of a predetermined temperature and supplying it to the carbonization furnace and a reheat steam generator, and reheating the saturated steam generated from the saturated steam generator to produce a reheat steam of a predetermined temperature and supply it to a carbonization furnace. A heat source apparatus having a reheat steam generator and a blower for supplying circulating steam discharged from the carbonization furnace and saturated steam produced from the saturated steam generator to the reheat steam generator; A cooling facility cooling the high temperature carbonized gas generated and separated from the carbonization furnace by air cooling heat exchange; A cleaning equipment spraying the cleaning liquid onto the carbonized gas cooled by the cooling equipment to separate and collect dust contained in the carbonized gas by a liquid point, a liquid film, and bubbles; Dehumidification system for removing the water contained in the heat generated by the heat exchange in the carbonization gas and the cooling equipment passed through the cleaning equipment; White smoke that removes particulate matter and radioactive material contained in the carbonized gas from which moisture is removed in the dehumidification system with a hepa filter installed in multiple stages, mixes the gas passed through the cooling facility and the gas passed through the hepa filter, and finally discharges it into the atmosphere. It provides a medium and low level radioactive waste carbonization system using low pressure superheated steam, including an abatement facility.
본 발명에 따르면, 가연성 잡고체를 포함하는 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물을 저압의 과열증기로 탄화하여 고형화시켜 부피를 감량함으로써 원자력발전소에서 연간 발생하는 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물 드럼을 대략 1/5가량 줄일 수 있어 방사성폐기물의 처분비용의 절감과 영구처분장의 사용수명 연장으로 건설비용을 절감할 수 있다. 또한, 영구처분장의 수명 연장으로 원자력발전소 운영의 안정성과 지역갈등 해소 및 방사성폐기물의 영구처분에 따른 추가적인 건설 필요성을 연장할 수 있는 이점이 있다.According to the present invention, the medium and low level radioactive waste including the combustible holding body is carbonized with low pressure superheated steam to be solidified to reduce the volume, thereby reducing approximately 1/5 of the medium and low level radioactive waste drums generated annually in a nuclear power plant. Therefore, the construction cost can be reduced by reducing the disposal cost of radioactive waste and extending the service life of the permanent disposal site. In addition, by extending the life of the permanent disposal site has the advantage of extending the need for additional construction due to the stability of the operation of nuclear power plants and resolution of regional conflicts and permanent disposal of radioactive waste.
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 실시 예로, 저압 과열증기를 이용한 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물 탄화 시스템에서 탄화설비를 나타낸 계통도이다.Figure 1 is an embodiment according to the present invention, a schematic diagram showing a carbonization facility in a medium and low level radioactive waste carbonization system using low pressure superheated steam.
도 2는 본 발명의 저압 과열증기를 이용한 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물 탄화 시스템의 탄화설비를 나타낸 것이다.Figure 2 shows the carbonization equipment of the medium and low level radioactive waste carbonization system using low pressure superheated steam of the present invention.
도 3은 본 발명에 따른 실시 예로, 저압 과열증기를 이용한 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물 탄화 시스템에서 탄화로를 나타낸 것이다.Figure 3 shows an embodiment of the carbonization furnace in the medium and low level radioactive waste carbonization system using low pressure superheated steam.
도 4는 본 발명에 따른 실시 예로, 저압 과열증기를 이용한 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물 탄화 시스템에서 탄화가스처리설비를 나타낸 계통도이다.Figure 4 is an embodiment according to the present invention, a schematic diagram showing a carbon gas treatment facility in a low and medium-level radioactive waste carbonization system using low pressure superheated steam.
도 5는 본 발명의 저압 과열증기를 이용한 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물 탄화 시스템에서 탄화가스처리설비를 나타낸 것이다.Figure 5 shows the carbonization gas treatment equipment in the medium and low level radioactive waste carbonization system using low pressure superheated steam of the present invention.
이하, 본 발명에 따른 저압 과열증기를 이용한 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물 탄화 시스템의 실시 예를 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 상세하게 설명한다.Hereinafter, embodiments of the medium and low level radioactive waste carbonization system using low pressure superheated steam according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
본 발명은 원자력발전소에서 발생되는 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물을 탄화시키는 설비와 탄화과정에서 발생되는 탄화가스를 처리하는 설비로 구분된다.The present invention is divided into a facility for carbonizing medium and low level radioactive waste generated in a nuclear power plant and a facility for processing carbonized gas generated in a carbonization process.
먼저, 가연성 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물을 탄화시키는 설비로서, 도 1 내지 도 3에서, 공급설비는 원자력발전소에서 발생되는 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물, 예컨대, 의류, 장갑, 폐지 등 가연성 폐기물을 호퍼(10)로 투입하고, 호퍼(10)에서 파쇄기(12)로 폐기물을 일정한 크기로 파쇄한 후에 탄화설비로 공급하는 것이다. 공급설비는 탄화설비의 탄화효율을 높이고 원활한 연속공정이 이루어지도록 파쇄기(12)를 이용한다. 파쇄기(12)는 파쇄기제어패널(13)의 작동(RUN) 및 정지(STOP) PBS(Push Button Switch)로 모터(11)를 구동시키고 파쇄기인버터에 의하여 속도조절이 가능하다. 더욱이 파쇄기(12)는 가연성 방사성폐기물을 일정한 크기로 파쇄한 후 호퍼(10)를 통해 탄화설비로 투입된다.First, as a facility for carbonizing combustible medium and low level radioactive waste, in FIGS. 1 to 3, the supply facility is a hopper 10 for combustible waste such as clothing, gloves, waste paper, etc., which is generated at a nuclear power plant. Into the hopper 10, the waste is crushed to a predetermined size from the hopper 10 and then supplied to the carbonization facility. The supply facility uses a crusher 12 to increase the carbonization efficiency of the carbonization facility and to achieve a smooth continuous process. The crusher 12 drives the motor 11 with a RUN and STOP push button switch (PBS) of the crusher control panel 13, and the speed is controlled by the crusher inverter. Furthermore, the shredder 12 shreds flammable radioactive waste into a predetermined size and is then introduced into the carbonization facility through the hopper 10.
탄화설비는 공급설비에서 일정 크기로 파쇄된 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물에 과열증기를 직분사하여 탄화시켜 부피를 감량한다. 탄화설비는 회전하는 스크류(27)가 설치된 탄화로(20)를 포함한다. 탄화로(20)는 대략 원통형의 하우징으로 구성되고 수평으로 설치된다. 탄화로(20)에는 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물이 투입되는 투입구(21), 재열증기발생기(55)에서 재열증기가 투입되는 증기유입구(22), 탄화부산물이 배출되는 탄화부산물배출구(23) 및 탄화가스가 배출되는 탄화가스배출구(24)가 형성된다. 또한, 탄화로(20) 내측벽에 재열증기발생기(55)에서 유입된 재열증기를 좌우측면과 하측면에 걸쳐 분사하는 복수의 분사노즐(26)이 형성된 챔버(25)가 설치된다.The carbonization facility directly injects superheated steam into medium and low level radioactive wastes crushed to a certain size and carbonizes it to reduce its volume. The carbonization plant includes a carbonization furnace 20 in which a rotating screw 27 is installed. The carbonization furnace 20 consists of a substantially cylindrical housing and is installed horizontally. The carbonization furnace 20 has an inlet 21 through which medium and low level radioactive waste is input, a steam inlet 22 through which reheat steam is input from a reheat steam generator 55, a carbonated by-product outlet 23 through which carbonated by-products are discharged, and carbonization. A carbon gas outlet 24 through which gas is discharged is formed. In addition, a chamber 25 is provided on the inner wall of the carbonization furnace 20 in which a plurality of injection nozzles 26 are formed to inject the reheat steam introduced from the reheat steam generator 55 over the left and right side surfaces and the lower side surface.
탄화로(20)에 설치된 스크류(27)는 모터(29)의 구동으로 작동된다. 모터(29)는 탄화설비제어패널(30)의 작동(RUN) 및 정지(STOP) PBS(Push Button Switch)로 구동되고 인버터에 의하여 스크류의 속도조절이 가능하다. 더욱이 모터(29)의 회전속도를 조절하여 가연성 방사성폐기물이 탄화부산물배출구(23)에 도달할 때까지 충분히 탄화될 수 있도록 하는 것이 좋다. 탄화로(20)는 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물이 투입되는 투입구(21) 앞단, 즉, 파쇄기(12)와 탄화로(20) 사이에는 이중 슬라이드게이트(14)가 설치되고, 이중 슬라이드게이트(14) 사이에는 호퍼가 설치되어 탄화로(20)에 설치된 타이머에 각각의 솔레노이드밸브가 교차 동작하여 가연성 폐기물을 투입과 배출 때에 외부공기를 차단하고 연속적으로 투입할 수 있도록 한다. 또한, 탄화로(20)의 탄화부산물배출구(23)와 탄화부산물 저장탱크(28) 사이에 이중 슬라이드게이트(15)가 설치되고, 이중 슬라이드게이트(15) 사이에는 호퍼가 설치되어 탄화로(20)에 설치된 타이머에 각각의 솔레노이드밸브가 교차 동작하여 탄화부산물 저장탱크(28)에 탄화부산물을 배출 때에 외부공기를 차단하고 균질한 탄화물을 얻을 수 있도록 한다.The screw 27 installed in the carbonization furnace 20 is operated by the drive of the motor 29. The motor 29 is driven by the RUN and STOP operation of the carbonization facility control panel 30 and the push button switch (PBS), and the speed of the screw can be adjusted by the inverter. Furthermore, it is preferable to control the rotational speed of the motor 29 so that the combustible radioactive waste can be sufficiently carbonized until reaching the carbonated by-product outlet 23. The carbonization furnace 20 is provided with a double slide gate 14 and a double slide gate 14 in front of the inlet 21, that is, between the crusher 12 and the carbonization furnace 20, into which medium and low-level radioactive waste is introduced. A hopper is installed between the solenoid valves at the timer installed in the carbonization furnace 20 so as to cross the external air at the time of injecting and discharging the combustible waste and continuously injecting it. In addition, a double slide gate 15 is installed between the carbonated by-product outlet 23 of the carbonization furnace 20 and the carbonated by-product storage tank 28, and a hopper is installed between the double slide gates 15 and the carbonized furnace 20 Each solenoid valve crosses the timer installed in the c) to block external air when discharging the carbonated by-product to the carbonated by-product storage tank 28 so as to obtain a homogeneous carbide.
따라서 탄화로(20)는 공급된 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물을 회전하는 스크류(27)로 수평으로 이송시키는 동안 재열증기발생기(55)에서 공급된 저압의 과열증기를 직분사하여 탄화시킨 후 탄화부산물과 탄화가스를 분리하여 각각의 배출구를 통해 탄화부산물탱크와 송풍기로 각각 배출한다.Therefore, the carbonization furnace 20 directly carbonizes the carbon by-product by directly injecting the low-pressure superheated steam supplied from the reheat steam generator 55 while horizontally transferring the supplied medium and low level radioactive waste to the rotating screw 27. The carbonized gas is separated and discharged to the carbonated by-product tank and the blower through the respective outlets.
열원설비는 일정 온도 이상의 과열증기를 생산하여 탄화로(20)에 필요한 열원을 공급하는 것이다. 즉, 열원설비는 500도 이상의 과열증기를 포화증기발생기(50)에서 생산하여 탄화로(20)와 재열증기발생기(55)로 공급한다. 포화증기발생기(50)는 공급된 시상수를 증발기를 통하여 일정 온도, 예컨대, 100도 이상의 포화증기를 생산한다. 증발기는 복수의 히터를 이용하여 시상수를 가열하여 포화증기로 생산한다. 포화증기발생기(50)는 탄화설비제어패널(30)의 작동(START) 및 정지(STOP) PBS(Push Button Switch)로 구동된다. 포화증기발생기(50)에서 생산된 포화증기는 순환 송풍기(40)를 통해 순환라인에 공급된다. 순환 송풍기(40)는 탄화설비제어패널(30)의 작동(START) 및 정지(STOP) PBS(Push Button Switch)로 구동되고 속도조절이 가능하도록 설계된다. 포화증기발생기(50)에서 발생된 포화증기는 탄화로(20), 재열증기발생기(55) 및 순환라인을 통해 공급된다.The heat source facility is to supply the heat source required for the carbonization furnace 20 by producing superheated steam above a predetermined temperature. That is, the heat source equipment produces overheated steam of 500 degrees or more in the saturated steam generator 50 and supplies it to the carbonization furnace 20 and the reheat steam generator 55. The saturated steam generator 50 produces saturated steam by a constant temperature, for example, 100 degrees or more, through the supplied time constant through an evaporator. The evaporator heats the time constant using a plurality of heaters to produce saturated steam. Saturated steam generator 50 is driven by the START (STOP) and STOP (PTOP Button Switch) of the carbonization facility control panel 30. Saturated steam produced by the saturated steam generator 50 is supplied to the circulation line through the circulation blower (40). The circulating blower 40 is designed to be driven and controlled by a push button switch (PBS) of START and STOP of the carbonization facility control panel 30. Saturated steam generated from the saturated steam generator 50 is supplied through the carbonization furnace 20, the reheat steam generator 55 and the circulation line.
또한, 재열증기발생기(55)는 포화증기발생기(50)에서 발생된 포화증기가 순환 송풍기(40)를 이용하여 순환라인을 통해 유입되면 이를 재가열하여 일정 온도, 예컨대, 500도 이상의 저압의 과열증기를 생산하여 탄화로(20) 및 순환라인에 공급한다. 재열증기발생기(55)는 다단으로 설치되어 각 단마다 복수의 전기히터(Flanged Immersion Heater)를 이용하여 이송되는 포화증기의 온도를 상승시킨다. 더욱이 재열증기발생기(55)에 설치된 재열증기발생기제어패널(57)로 각각의 전기히터를 작동(START) 및 정지(STOP) PBS(Push Button Switch)에 의하여 구동되도록 설계된다. 더욱이 재열증기발생기(55)의 입력온도와 지시계를 포함하는 온도 컨트롤러로 각각 설정되어 있는 온도 값에 따라 재열증기발생기(55) 각 단의 전기히터를 온 또는 오프하여 500도 이상의 저압 과열증기를 생산하여 순환 송풍기(40)로 순환시킨다.In addition, the reheat steam generator 55, when the saturated steam generated in the saturated steam generator 50 is introduced through the circulation line using the circulation blower 40, reheats it to overheat the steam at a predetermined temperature, for example, a low pressure of 500 degrees or more. Produced and supplied to the carbonization furnace 20 and the circulation line. The reheat steam generator 55 is installed in multiple stages to increase the temperature of the saturated steam delivered by using a plurality of electric heaters (Flanged Immersion Heater) for each stage. Furthermore, the reheat steam generator control panel 57 installed in the reheat steam generator 55 is designed to drive each electric heater by START and STOP PBS (Push Button Switch). Furthermore, the low-temperature superheated steam of 500 degrees or more is produced by turning on or off the electric heater of each stage of the reheat steam generator 55 according to the temperature value set by the temperature controller including the input temperature of the reheat steam generator 55 and the indicator. To circulate the circulation blower (40).
다음으로, 가연성 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물을 탄화설비로 탄화시키는 과정에서 발생되는 고온의 가스와 수분을 제거하고 배출가스로 인한 오염사고를 방지하기 위한 탄화가스, 즉, 폐가스를 처리하는 설비의 구성을 설명한다.Next, the configuration of a facility for treating carbon gas, that is, waste gas, to remove hot gases and water generated in the process of carbonizing flammable middle and low-level radioactive waste into a carbonization facility and to prevent pollution accidents caused by exhaust gas. Explain.
도 4 내지 도 5에서, 냉각설비는 탄화로(20)에서 발생되어 분리된 고온의 탄화가스를 공랭식 열교환으로 냉각시킨다. 냉각설비에는 가스냉각기(60)와 가스냉각팬(61)이 포함된다. 가스냉각기(60)는 열교환기로 탄화가스에 포함된 열을 모터로 구동되는 가스냉각팬(61)에서 송풍된 공기로 냉각시킨다. 가스냉각기(60)에서 열교환이 이루어지는 동안 응축수는 응축수 저장탱크(69)로 분리되어 배출되고 냉각된 탄화가스는 세정설비로 공급된다.4 to 5, the cooling facility cools the high temperature carbonized gas generated and separated in the carbonization furnace 20 by air cooling heat exchange. The cooling facility includes a gas cooler 60 and a gas cooling fan 61. The gas cooler 60 cools the heat contained in the carbonized gas with the air blown from the gas cooling fan 61 driven by the motor. During the heat exchange in the gas cooler 60, the condensate is separated into the condensate storage tank 69 and discharged, and the cooled carbonized gas is supplied to the washing facility.
세정설비는 냉각설비에서 냉각된 탄화가스에 세정액을 분사하여 액점, 액막, 기포에 의해서 탄화가스에 함유된 먼지를 분리하여 포집한다. 세정설비에는 세정탑(62)과, 세정탑(62)에 세정액을 분무하는 복수의 스프레이펌프(63), 그리고 세정탑에서 세정된 탄화가스를 시상수로 냉각시키는 응축기(64)가 포함된다. 세정탑(62)은 벤튜리관으로 유입된 탄화가스를 스프레이펌프(63)에서 공급된 세정액으로 흡입한 후 스프레이펌프(63)에서 분사된 세정액을 탄화가스에 분무한다. 그리고 탄화가스에서 분리된 먼지는 세정탑(62) 하부에 침전되어 응축수 저장탱크(69)로 분리 배출된다. 그리고 세정탑(62)에서 먼지가 분리된 탄화가스는 응축기(64)로 공급되어 냉각된다. 응축기(64)에서 탄화가스를 응축하는 동안 발생되는 응축수는 응축수 저장탱크(69)로 분리 배출된다.The cleaning equipment sprays the cleaning liquid onto the carbonized gas cooled by the cooling equipment to separate and collect the dust contained in the carbonized gas by the liquid point, the liquid film, and the bubbles. The washing facility includes a washing tower 62, a plurality of spray pumps 63 for spraying the washing liquid onto the washing tower 62, and a condenser 64 for cooling the carbonized gas cleaned in the washing tower with time constant water. The cleaning tower 62 sucks the carbonized gas introduced into the venturi tube with the cleaning liquid supplied from the spray pump 63 and then sprays the cleaning liquid injected from the spray pump 63 into the carbonized gas. In addition, the dust separated from the carbonized gas is precipitated in the lower portion of the washing tower 62 and discharged to the condensate storage tank (69). The carbonized gas from which the dust is separated in the washing tower 62 is supplied to the condenser 64 and cooled. The condensate generated while condensing the carbonized gas in the condenser 64 is discharged to the condensate storage tank 69 separately.
제습설비는 세정설비의 세정탑(62)과 응축기(64)를 거친 탄화가스와 냉각설비의 가스냉각기(60)에서 열교환으로 발생된 열에 포함된 수분을 제거하는 것이다. 제습설비는 제습기(65)를 포함한다. 제습기(65)를 통해 탄화가스에서 제습된 물은 응축수 저장탱크(69)로 분리 배출된다. 제습기(65)를 거친 탄화가스는 대기로 방출되거나 백연저감설비로 배출된다.The dehumidification equipment removes the water contained in the heat generated by the heat exchange in the carbonized gas passing through the cleaning tower 62 and the condenser 64 of the cleaning equipment and the gas cooler 60 of the cooling equipment. The dehumidifier includes a dehumidifier 65. Water dehumidified in the carbonized gas through the dehumidifier (65) is separated and discharged into the condensate storage tank (69). The carbonized gas passed through the dehumidifier 65 is discharged to the atmosphere or discharged to the smoke reduction facility.
백연저감설비는 제습설비의 제습기(65)에서 수분이 제거된 탄화가스에 포함된 입자상 물질과 방사능 물질을 다단으로 설치된 헤파필터(66)로 제거한다. 그리고 냉각설비의 가스냉각기(60)를 통과한 가스와 헤파필터(66)를 통과한 가스를 믹싱챔버(67)에서 혼합하여 송풍팬(68)을 통해 대기 중으로 최종 방출시킨다.The white smoke reduction facility removes the particulate matter and radioactive material contained in the carbonized gas from which moisture is removed from the dehumidifier 65 of the dehumidification facility with the HEPA filter 66 installed in multiple stages. The gas passing through the gas cooler 60 of the cooling system and the gas passing through the HEPA filter 66 are mixed in the mixing chamber 67 and finally discharged into the atmosphere through the blowing fan 68.
응축수 저장탱크(69)는 냉각설비, 세정설비 및 제습설비에서 각각 분리된 응축수, 입자상 물질, 수용성 가스 및 방사성 물질을 임시 저장한다.The condensate storage tank 69 temporarily stores condensate, particulate matter, water soluble gas, and radioactive material separated from the cooling facility, the cleaning facility, and the dehumidification facility, respectively.
또한, 탄화가스처리설비는 컨트롤패널(70)의 제어로 냉각, 세정, 응축, 제습, 필터링 및 백연저감 등이 이루어진다.In addition, the carbonization gas treatment facility is cooled, cleaned, condensed, dehumidified, filtered, and reduced in smoke by the control of the control panel 70.
이와 같이 이루어진 본 발명의 저압 과열증기를 이용한 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물 탄화 시스템의 작용을 설명한다.The operation of the medium and low level radioactive waste carbonization system using the low pressure superheated steam according to the present invention will be described.
원자력발전소의 운용 중에 필연적으로 발생되는 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물을 수집한 후 탄화효율을 높이고 원활한 연속공정이 이루어질 수 있도록 공급설비의 호퍼(10)에 넣고 파쇄기(12)로 일정 크기로 파쇄한다. 이때, 파쇄기제어패널(13)을 이용하여 파쇄기(12)의 작동을 위하여 속도조절이 가능한 모터(11)를 제어한다. 파쇄기(12)는 파쇄된 가연성의 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물는 탄화설비의 탄화로(20)로 공급된다. 탄화로(20)의 투입구(21)에는 이중 슬라이드게이트(14)와 호퍼를 탄화설비제어패널(30)의 제어로 타이머가 설치된 솔레노이드밸브의 교차 동작으로 가연성 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물을 투입할 때에 외부공기를 차단하면서 파쇄된 폐기물을 연속적으로 투입한다.After collecting the middle and low level radioactive waste inevitably generated during the operation of the nuclear power plant, it is put into the hopper 10 of the supply facility and shredded to a predetermined size so that the carbonization efficiency and smooth continuous process can be achieved. At this time, the crusher control panel 13 is used to control the motor 11 capable of adjusting the speed for the operation of the crusher 12. The crusher 12 is crushed combustible medium and low-level radioactive waste is supplied to the carbonization furnace 20 of the carbonization facility. In the inlet 21 of the carbonization furnace 20, when the flammable medium and low level radioactive waste is inputted by the double slide gate 14 and the hopper through the operation of the solenoid valve equipped with a timer under the control of the carbonization facility control panel 30. Continuously add crushed waste while shutting off the air.
탄화로(20)로 투입된 폐기물은 탄화설비제어패널(30)의 제어로 모터(29)의 구동으로 스크류(27)가 회전한다. 그리고 탄화로(20)에는 재열증기발생기(55)에서 공급된 저압의 과열증기가 챔버(25)에 일정 간격을 두고 복수로 형성된 분사노즐(26)을 통해 분사된다. 즉, 탄화로(20)에 투입된 가연성 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물은 스크류(27)의 회전방향에 대하여 수평으로 이동되는 동안 챔버(25)에 형성된 분사노즐(26)을 통해 분사된 저압의 과열증기에 직접 접촉되어 탄화된다. 탄화로(20)의 스크류(27) 회전속도는 대략 0.37 RPM 내외로 조절할 수 있다. 이때, 탄화로(20)의 스크류(27) 회전속도를 조절하여 가연성 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물이 탄화부산물배출구(23)에 도달할 때까지 분사된 저압 과열증기에 의해 충분히 탄화될 수 있도록 하는 것이 좋다. 그리고 탄화부산물배출구(23)에도 이중 슬라이드게이트(15)와 그 사이의 호퍼를 통해 탄화설비제어패널(30)의 제어로 타이머가 설치된 솔레노이드밸브의 교차 동작으로 가연성 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물을 배출할 때에 외부공기를 차단하고 균질한 탄화부산물을 얻을 수 있다.The waste introduced into the carbonization furnace 20 is rotated by the screw 27 by the driving of the motor 29 under the control of the carbonization facility control panel 30. The low temperature superheated steam supplied from the reheat steam generator 55 is injected into the carbonization furnace 20 through a plurality of injection nozzles 26 formed at predetermined intervals in the chamber 25. That is, the combustible medium and low level radioactive waste injected into the carbonization furnace 20 is heated to the low pressure superheated steam injected through the injection nozzle 26 formed in the chamber 25 while being moved horizontally with respect to the rotational direction of the screw 27. It is in direct contact and carbonized. The rotation speed of the screw 27 of the carbonization furnace 20 can be adjusted to about 0.37 RPM. At this time, it is preferable to adjust the rotation speed of the screw 27 of the carbonization furnace 20 so that the combustible medium and low level radioactive waste can be sufficiently carbonized by the low pressure superheated steam injected until the carbonated byproduct outlet 23 is reached. . In addition, when the carbonated by-product discharge port 23 discharges combustible medium and low level radioactive waste by the operation of the solenoid valve in which the timer is installed under the control of the carbonization facility control panel 30 through the double slide gate 15 and the hopper therebetween. It can block external air and get homogeneous carbonation byproducts.
또한, 열원설비의 포화증기발생기(50)에서 전기히터(51)의 작동으로 대략 100도 이상의 포화증기를 생산하여 순환 송풍기(40)와 순환라인을 통해 공급한다. 이때, 포화증기발생기(50)와 순환 송풍기(40)는 탄화설비제어패널(30)의 제어로 작동되고, 순환 송풍기(40)는 속도의 조절이 가능한 것이 좋다. 포화증기발생기(50)에서 발생된 포화증기는 탄화로(20), 재열증기발생기(55) 및 순환라인으로 각각 공급된다. 재열증기발생기(55)는 포화증기발생기(50)에서 공급된 포화증기를 복수 단에 각각 설치된 전기히터(56)로 가열하여 대략 600도 이상의 저압 재열증기를 생산하여 탄화로(20) 및 순환라인으로 공급한다. 재열증기발생기(55)는 재열증기발생기제어패널(57)의 제어로 설정된 온도의 재열증기를 생산한다. 더욱이 재열증기발생기(55)로는 탄화로(20)의 탄화가스배출구(24)에서 배출된 탄화가스가 순환 송풍기(40)를 통해 유입된다.In addition, by operating the electric heater 51 in the saturated steam generator 50 of the heat source equipment produces saturated steam of about 100 degrees or more and supplies it through the circulation blower 40 and the circulation line. At this time, the saturated steam generator 50 and the circulation blower 40 is operated by the control of the carbonization facility control panel 30, the circulation blower 40 is preferably capable of adjusting the speed. Saturated steam generated in the saturated steam generator 50 is supplied to the carbonization furnace 20, the reheat steam generator 55 and the circulation line, respectively. The reheat steam generator 55 heats the saturated steam supplied from the saturated steam generator 50 with an electric heater 56 installed in each of the plurality of stages to produce low pressure reheat steam of about 600 degrees or more, and thus the carbonization furnace 20 and the circulation line. To supply. The reheat steam generator 55 produces reheat steam at a temperature set by the control of the reheat steam generator control panel 57. In addition, the reheat steam generator 55, the carbon gas discharged from the carbonization gas outlet 24 of the carbonization furnace 20 is introduced through the circulation blower (40).
다음으로, 탄화로(20)의 탄화가스배출구(24)에서 배출된 고온의 탄화가스는 냉각설비, 세정설비, 제습설비 및 백연저감설비를 거쳐 컨트롤패널(70)의 제어로 처리된다. 즉, 탄화로(20)에서 발생되어 탄화가스배출구(24)를 통해 배출된 고온의 탄화가스는 가스냉각팬(61)이 구비된 가스냉각기(60)를 거쳐 열교환되어 냉각된다. 냉각된 탄화가스는 세정설비의 세정탑(62)으로 공급되어 스프레이펌프(63)에서 공급된 세정액으로 세정된다. 이때, 생성되는 액점, 액막, 기포 등에 의해 탄화가스에 포함된 먼지가 분리 및 포집된다. 일부 제거되지 않은 기체 부산물은 응축기(64)를 통과하면서 남아 있는 수분과 수용성가스를 응축하여 제거한다. 그리고 헤파필터(66)의 성능 저하를 최소화하기 위하여 제습설비의 제습기(65)로 탄화가스 중 수분을 90% 이상 제거한다. 제습된 탄화가스는 백연저감설비에 다단으로 구성된 헤파필터(66)를 거쳐 입자상 물질과 방사능 물질이 각각 제거된다. 최종적으로 믹싱챔버(67)를 통과한 후에 송풍팬(68)을 통해 대기로 방출된다. 또한, 세정탑에 저장된 응축수와 입자상 물질, 수용성 가스와 방사성 물질 등은 응축수 저장탱크(69)로 배출되어 보관된다.Next, the high temperature carbonized gas discharged from the carbonization gas outlet 24 of the carbonization furnace 20 is processed by the control of the control panel 70 through the cooling facility, the cleaning facility, the dehumidification facility, and the white smoke reduction facility. That is, the high temperature carbonized gas generated in the carbonization furnace 20 and discharged through the carbonized gas outlet 24 is heat-exchanged through the gas cooler 60 provided with the gas cooling fan 61 and cooled. The cooled carbonized gas is supplied to the washing tower 62 of the washing facility and washed with the washing liquid supplied from the spray pump 63. At this time, the dust contained in the carbonized gas is separated and collected by the generated liquid point, liquid film, bubbles, and the like. Some unremoved gaseous by-products condense and remove remaining water and water soluble gases while passing through condenser 64. And in order to minimize the performance degradation of the HEPA filter 66, the dehumidifier 65 of the dehumidification system to remove more than 90% of the water in the carbonized gas. The dehumidified carbon gas is removed through the hepa filter 66, which is composed of multiple stages in the white smoke reduction system, to remove particulate matter and radioactive substance, respectively. Finally, after passing through the mixing chamber 67 is discharged to the atmosphere through the blowing fan 68. In addition, the condensate and particulate matter, the water-soluble gas and the radioactive material stored in the washing tower is discharged and stored in the condensate storage tank (69).
이와 같이 본 발명의 탄화 시스템을 통해 가연성 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물을 탄화과정에서 생성된 탄화부산물의 부피와 중량을 현저하게 저감시킬 수 있다. 즉, 실험조건으로 의류(3Kg 및 27L), 장갑(1.3Kg 및 1L), 폐지(0.7Kg 및 0.8L)의 총 중량 5Kg 및 부피 28.8L의 폐기물을 대략 3시간 20분 동안 탄화시킨 후 탄화부산물의 중량은 0.6Kg으로 88% 저감되었고, 부피는 5L 가량으로 82.6%로 저감되었다.Thus, through the carbonization system of the present invention it is possible to significantly reduce the volume and weight of the carbonated by-products produced during the carbonization process of the combustible medium and low-level radioactive waste. In other words, the carbonized byproducts were carbonized for about 3 hours and 20 minutes of the total weight of 5Kg and the volume of 28.8L of clothing (3Kg and 27L), gloves (1.3Kg and 1L), waste paper (0.7Kg and 0.8L). The weight of was reduced by 88% to 0.6Kg, the volume was reduced to 82.6% by about 5L.
이상의 설명에서 본 발명은 특정의 실시 예와 관련하여 도시 및 설명하였지만, 청구범위에 의해 나타난 발명의 사상 및 영역으로부터 벗어나지 않는 한도 내에서 다양한 개조 및 변화가 가능하다는 것을 이 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자라면 누구나 쉽게 알 수 있을 것이다.While the invention has been shown and described in connection with specific embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that various modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as indicated by the claims. Anyone who owns it can easily find out.
본 발명에 따른 저압 과열증기를 이용한 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물 탄화 시스템은 가연성 잡고체를 포함하는 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물을 저압의 과열증기로 탄화하여 고형화시켜 부피를 감량함으로써 원자력발전소에서 연간 발생하는 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물 드럼을 대략 1/5가량 줄일 수 있어 방사성폐기물의 처분비용의 절감과 영구처분장의 사용수명 연장으로 건설비용을 절감할 수 있으므로 산업상 이용가능성이 인정된다.The medium and low level radioactive waste carbonization system using low pressure superheated steam according to the present invention carbonizes medium and low level radioactive waste with a low pressure superheated steam containing solid combustible solids to reduce the volume to reduce the volume of the intermediate The low level radioactive waste drum can be reduced by approximately 1/5, so the construction cost can be reduced by reducing the disposal cost of radioactive waste and extending the service life of the permanent disposal site.

Claims (4)

  1. 호퍼로 투입된 원자력발전소에서 발생되는 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물을 파쇄기로 일정한 크기로 파쇄한 후 탄화로에 공급하는 공급설비;A supply facility for crushing medium and low level radioactive waste generated from a nuclear power plant introduced into a hopper with a crusher to a predetermined size and then supplying it to a carbonization furnace;
    상기 공급설비에서 일정 크기로 파쇄되어 공급된 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물을 회전하는 스크류가 설치된 탄화로에서 수평으로 이송하는 동안 재열증기발생기에서 탄화로에 공급된 저압의 과열증기를 직분사하여 탄화시킨 후 탄화부산물과 탄화가스를 분리하여 탄화부산물탱크와 송풍기로 각각 배출하는 탄화설비;Carbonize by direct injection of the low-pressure superheated steam supplied to the carbonization furnace from the reheat steam generator while horizontally transporting the intermediate and low-level radioactive wastes that are crushed and supplied to the supply facilities in a carbonization furnace equipped with a rotating screw. A carbonization facility that separates the carbonated byproduct and the carbonized gas and discharges the carbonated byproduct tank and the blower, respectively;
    일정 온도의 과열증기를 생산하여 상기 탄화로와 재열증기발생기로 공급하는 포화증기발생기와, 상기 포화증기발생기에서 발생된 포화증기를 재가열하여 일정 온도의 재열증기를 생산하여 탄화로에 공급하는 다단의 재열증기발생기와, 상기 탄화로에서 배출된 순환증기와 포화증기발생기에서 생산된 포화증기를 재열증기발생기로 공급하는 송풍기가 구비된 열원설비;A saturated steam generator for producing a superheated steam of a predetermined temperature and supplying it to the carbonization furnace and a reheat steam generator, and reheating the saturated steam generated from the saturated steam generator to produce a reheat steam of a predetermined temperature and supply it to a carbonization furnace. A heat source apparatus having a reheat steam generator and a blower for supplying circulating steam discharged from the carbonization furnace and saturated steam produced from the saturated steam generator to the reheat steam generator;
    상기 탄화로에서 발생되어 분리된 고온의 탄화가스를 공랭식 열교환으로 냉각시키는 냉각설비;A cooling facility cooling the high temperature carbonized gas generated and separated from the carbonization furnace by air cooling heat exchange;
    상기 냉각설비에서 냉각된 탄화가스에 세정액을 분사하여 액점, 액막, 기포에 의해서 탄화가스에 함유된 먼지를 분리하여 포집하는 세정설비;A cleaning equipment spraying the cleaning liquid onto the carbonized gas cooled by the cooling equipment to separate and collect dust contained in the carbonized gas by a liquid point, a liquid film, and bubbles;
    상기 세정설비를 거친 탄화가스와 냉각설비에서 열교환으로 발생된 열에 포함된 수분을 제거하는 제습설비;Dehumidification system for removing the water contained in the heat generated by the heat exchange in the carbonization gas and the cooling equipment passed through the cleaning equipment;
    상기 제습설비에서 수분이 제거된 탄화가스에 포함된 입자상 물질과 방사능 물질을 다단으로 설치된 헤파필터로 제거하고 상기 냉각설비를 통과한 가스와 헤파필터를 통과한 가스를 혼합하여 대기 중으로 최종 방출시키는 백연저감설비;White smoke that removes particulate matter and radioactive material contained in the carbonized gas from which moisture is removed in the dehumidification system with a hepa filter installed in multiple stages, mixes the gas passed through the cooling facility and the gas passed through the hepa filter, and finally discharges it into the atmosphere. Abatement equipment;
    상기 파쇄기의 작동을 제어하는 파쇄기제어패널;A shredder control panel for controlling the operation of the shredder;
    상기 탄화로, 송풍기 및 포화증기발생기의 작동을 제어하는 탄화설비제어패널;A carbonization facility control panel for controlling the operation of the carbonization furnace, the blower and the saturated steam generator;
    상기 재열증기발생기의 작동을 제어하는 재열증기발생기제어패널을 포함하여 이루어진 저압 과열증기를 이용한 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물 탄화 시스템.A medium and low level radioactive waste carbonization system using low pressure superheated steam comprising a reheat steam generator control panel for controlling the operation of the reheat steam generator.
  2. 제1항에 있어서, The method of claim 1,
    상기 냉각설비, 세정설비 및 제습설비에서 각각 분리된 응축수, 입자상 물질, 수용성 가스 및 방사성 물질을 임시 저장하는 저장탱크를 더 포함하는 저압 과열증기를 이용한 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물 탄화 시스템.A low-pressure superheated steam carbonization system using low pressure superheated steam further comprising a storage tank for temporarily storing condensed water, particulate matter, water soluble gas and radioactive material separated from the cooling equipment, the cleaning equipment and the dehumidification equipment.
  3. 제1항에 있어서, The method of claim 1,
    상기 탄화로 내측벽에 재열증기발생기에서 유입된 재열증기를 좌우측면과 하측면에 걸쳐 분사하는 복수의 분사노즐이 형성된 챔버가 설치된 저압 과열증기를 이용한 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물 탄화 시스템.A medium and low level radioactive waste carbonization system using a low pressure superheated steam having a chamber in which a plurality of injection nozzles are formed on the inner wall of the carbonization furnace to inject the reheat steam introduced from the reheat steam generator over the left and right side and the lower side.
  4. 제1항에 있어서, The method of claim 1,
    상기 파쇄기와 탄화로의 투입구 사이와, 탄화로의 탄화부산물배출구와 탄화부산물 저장탱크 사이에 이중 슬라이드게이트가 설치되되, 이중 슬라이드게이트 사이에 호퍼가 설치된 저압 과열증기를 이용한 중ㆍ저준위 방사성폐기물 탄화 시스템.Medium and low level radioactive waste carbonization system using a low pressure superheated steam having a hopper installed between the crusher and the inlet of the carbonization furnace, and between the carbonization by-product outlet and the carbonation by-product storage tank of the carbonization furnace, and between the double slide gates. .
PCT/KR2018/006584 2017-06-13 2018-06-11 Medium- and low-level radioactive waste carbonizing system using low-pressure superheated vapor WO2018230898A1 (en)

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