WO2018228796A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour consolider par percussion un rayon de transition d'un vilebrequin - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour consolider par percussion un rayon de transition d'un vilebrequin Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018228796A1
WO2018228796A1 PCT/EP2018/063695 EP2018063695W WO2018228796A1 WO 2018228796 A1 WO2018228796 A1 WO 2018228796A1 EP 2018063695 W EP2018063695 W EP 2018063695W WO 2018228796 A1 WO2018228796 A1 WO 2018228796A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
impact
crankshaft
support
impact tool
passive
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2018/063695
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Alfons Reeb
Jochen Schmidt
Konrad Grimm
Original Assignee
Maschinenfabrik Alfing Kessler Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Maschinenfabrik Alfing Kessler Gmbh filed Critical Maschinenfabrik Alfing Kessler Gmbh
Publication of WO2018228796A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018228796A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P9/00—Treating or finishing surfaces mechanically, with or without calibrating, primarily to resist wear or impact, e.g. smoothing or roughening turbine blades or bearings; Features of such surfaces not otherwise provided for, their treatment being unspecified
    • B23P9/04—Treating or finishing by hammering or applying repeated pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P2700/00—Indexing scheme relating to the articles being treated, e.g. manufactured, repaired, assembled, connected or other operations covered in the subgroups
    • B23P2700/07—Crankshafts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/30—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for crankshafts; for camshafts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for impact hardening a transition radius of a crankshaft, in particular a transition radius between a connecting rod journal and a crank arm and / or a transition radius between a main journal and a crank arm of the crankshaft according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a device for impact hardening of transition radii of a crankshaft according to the preamble of claim 11.
  • crankshafts Due to the steadily progressing development and increase in performance of internal combustion engines and the strict emission requirements imposed on them, today's engines are increasingly stressed in consequence. For this reason, the engine industry, among other things high demands on the high-load and important for the function of an internal combustion engine crankshaft in terms of strength. In terms of design, there is often the requirement that the crankshaft should be light and the space requirement should be low. For the design of the crankshaft, this means that an increase in the load capacity should not be achieved by increasing the cross section, ie via the moment of resistance of the crankshaft, but if possible via local compressive residual stress states. For this reason, modern crankshafts are manufactured using a variety of machining and heat treatment processes, so that the crankshafts can be exposed to increasingly higher engine power.
  • thermal treatments such as induction hardening and case hardening, laser hardening or nitriding, as well as strain hardening processes such as deep rolling, shot peening or impact hardening. These are common and largely mature processes that are suitable for a variety of purposes.
  • EP 1 479 480 A1 EP 0 788 419 B1
  • EP 1 612 290 A1 DE 10 2007 028 888 A1
  • EP 1 034 314 B1 EP 1 034 314 B1.
  • the impact hardening is an advantageous method for increasing the fatigue strength, in particular the bending fatigue strength and torsional fatigue, of crankshafts.
  • the increase in the fatigue strength is achieved in that impact forces are introduced into the claimed areas in cross-sectional transitions and changes in cross section by cold forming, preferably hammering by means of special percussion tools in the crankshaft.
  • crankshafts can also have non-symmetrical crankshaft segments with only one-sided existing transition radii, for example in the end parts or end portions of the crankshaft.
  • EP 1 716 260 B1 has proposed a specially designed pressure pulse machine which is provided with only one striking tool.
  • the present invention is based on the object of further developing the known methods and devices for impact hardening, in particular in order to be able to impact-solidify process-reliably, reliably and cost-effectively even only one transition radius. This object is achieved for the method by the features listed in claim 1 and for the device by the features set out in claim 1 1.
  • a transition radius of a crankshaft in particular a transition radius between a connecting rod journal and a crank arm and / or a transition radius between a main journal and a crank arm of the crankshaft is impact-solidified.
  • the connecting rod journal and the main journals are hereinafter referred to in part as "pin" for simplicity.
  • the term pin can mean both the connecting rod journal and the main bearing journals, as well as only the connecting rod journal or only the main journals. Insofar as this is not explicitly stated otherwise, here all three variants are encompassed by the term pin.
  • the invention is particularly preferably suitable for increasing the fatigue strength of, for example, crankshafts having a length of 0.2 to 8 m or more and / or main and connecting rod journal diameters of 30 to 500 mm or more.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for increasing the fatigue strength of large crankshafts of 1, 5 to 8 m in length or more and / or main and connecting rod journal diameter of 100 to 500 mm or more.
  • the crankshaft may have various types of transition radii, for example, fillets, for example, in a basket arch shape, or also undercut radii or radii with transitions.
  • the transition radii can, for example, pass tangentially into the journal positions or running surfaces of the main and connecting rod journal.
  • transitions to flanges, cones and other geometric cross-sectional changes both tangent and deposited radii.
  • the crankshaft usually has transition radii at all transitions or cross-sectional changes. This is especially true for cross-sectional changes between journals and crank webs.
  • the invention is particularly suitable. But transition radii can also for any other cross-sectional changes, in particular for changes in cross section at the end portions of the crankshaft, z. B. at a transition to a flange, a disc or a shaft, etc., may be provided.
  • a transition radius whose fatigue strength is to be improved by the method and the device according to the invention, thus need not necessarily exist between a connecting rod journal and a crank arm or a main journal and a crank arm, but may be located at any point of the crankshaft.
  • the terms "connecting rod journal”, “main journal”, “flange”, “pin” and / or “crank arm” can accordingly be reinterpreted by a person skilled in the art.
  • method for impact hardening of a transition radius is not limited to the mere impact hardening of the transition radius, but may also include preparatory and subsequent Include riding measures. Furthermore, the "method for impact hardening of a transition radius” can also include the impact hardening of preceding individually impact-hardened transition radii or symmetrically or simultaneously impact-hardened transition radii. The method according to the invention can also include that after the impact hardening of the transition radius, further transition radii are impact-solidified individually or simultaneously.
  • a striking device is used for impact hardening, which has a percussion piston, a deflection unit and an active impact tool and a passive impact tool.
  • the striking tools are attached to the deflection unit, wherein the percussion piston transmits a force impulse to the striking tools via the deflection unit, after which the active impact tool introduces a striking force into the transition radius via a striking head.
  • an impact force can be understood to mean that the impact head, for example the impact head of the active impact tool, or a so-called “striker” of the impact device strikes against the region of the crankshaft to be consolidated, in the present case a transition radius.
  • the impact takes place purposefully to the desired impact position along the annular radius around the pin circumferential transition radius.
  • a percussion piston can be used which transmits a strong impulse or a force impulse (eg pneumatically, hydraulically and / or electrically generated) to the impact head.
  • a strong impulse e.g pneumatically, hydraulically and / or electrically generated
  • a support element is used, with which the passive impact tool is supported on the crankshaft.
  • the impact head of the active impact tool and the support member of the passive impact tool are each designed differently, d. H. not identical. In this case, the respective geometries, material properties and / or the determination or storage or alignment may be different to the respective impact tool.
  • the support element or the passive impact tool is essentially suitable for support, while the impact head or the active impact tool is mainly suitable for introducing the impact force and / or the compressive residual stresses into a transition radius. It can be provided that the structure of the active impact tool and the passive impact tool is identical and only the front portions are designed differently from each other, wherein in the active impact tool, the impact head and the passive impact tool, the support member is provided.
  • the effect of the impact force that brings the passive impact tool in the crankshaft is less than the effect of the impact force that brings the active impact tool on its impact head in the transition radius.
  • the compressive residual stresses that are introduced by the passive impact tool in the crankshaft thus are preferably less than the compressive residual stresses that are introduced by the active impact tool in the crankshaft.
  • the passive impact tool does not introduce any impact force and / or compressive residual stresses into the crankshaft and / or has no effect (neither positive nor negative) on the crankshaft.
  • the passive impact tool is supported on a support aid at a position axially offset from the transition radius along the crankshaft, the support aid being removed from the crankshaft after impact hardening.
  • the active as well as the passive impact tool can also be made completely identical, the effect of the impact force transmitted via the passive impact tool on the crankshaft being nevertheless less than the effect of the impact force generated by the active Impact tool is introduced into the crankshaft. This is due to the fact that at least a substantial part of the impact force or impact energy is introduced by the passive impact tool into the support aid or is absorbed by the support aid.
  • the passive impact tool has a support element and, in addition, a support aid is provided.
  • a beating device which is equipped with two striking tools, for impact hardening, even on non-symmetrical crankshaft segments.
  • end regions or end parts, oil well endings and other areas of the crankshaft can be impact-solidified, in which adjacent transition radii are not present, should not be impact-strengthened or at least should not be particularly stressed.
  • a striking device can now be used throughout for the impact hardening of the transition radii of a crankshaft. Handling in the production of the crankshaft is thus simplified.
  • crankshafts which have been previously processed to increase their fatigue properties by other methods.
  • a crankshaft which has been hardened by induction hardening can be subsequently improved with respect to its bending and torsional fatigue strength by introducing compressive residual stresses according to the method according to the invention or with the device according to the invention.
  • the method for impact hardening a transition radius may also include preparatory measures.
  • the support aid can be applied to the crankshaft immediately before the introduction of the impact force in the transition radius, but can also be applied at a time further distant distance to the introduction of the impact force.
  • the support aid can be applied to the crankshaft and thus, in particular, be applied to the crankshaft at one time before a first transition radius or another region of the crankshaft has been solidified or impact strengthened.
  • a first group of transition radii of the crankshaft is impact-hardened, after which the support aid is applied to the crankshaft and according to the invention at least one transition radius is impact-bonded by introducing the impact force on the impact head of the active impact tool.
  • the first group of transitional radii it can In particular, be pairs of transition radii, which adjoin the same pin or it may be transition radii, which can be impact-symmetrically characterized in that the two impact tools of the beater introduced or retracted into the space between the two transition radii.
  • the crankshaft can also be designed such that it has a support aid according to the invention. If the crankshaft is produced, for example, by casting, forging, turning, milling, drilling and / or grinding, corresponding areas can be worked out of the crankshaft, which form the support aid according to the invention. Possibly. a die for the production of the crankshaft can already be designed and / or modified accordingly.
  • the support aid is processed after impact hardening.
  • the support aid can also remain on the crankshaft.
  • removal or processing of the support aid can be advantageous for optical and / or functional reasons, in particular also for weight saving.
  • the support can be removed by cutting, for example, turning, milling, drilling, pushing and / or grinding, separated or processed. It can also be provided that the supportive aid is removed non-mechanically, for example thermally or chemically.
  • a support pin, a support flange or a support ring is used as the support aid.
  • a supporting aid which revolves in a ring around the crankshaft can be advantageous in order to support the passive impact tool on the crankshaft.
  • On the support aid can - optionally - a transition radius be formed.
  • the supporting aid has an axial length which, taking into account the material of the supporting aid, is suitable for absorbing or discharging the striking force which the passive impact tool introduces into the crankshaft and in particular into the supporting aid without damage. Possibly. it can be provided that the support aid is also damaged in the course of impact hardening. Since the support aid removed in a row, for example, can be processed or at least for the operation of the crankshaft is not relevant, but this does not interfere with the functionality.
  • the support means has a radial extension or an outer radius, on which the passive impact tool or a striking head of the passive impact tool or a support element of the passive impact tool can be adequately supported.
  • the supporting aid is fastened to the crankshaft in a material-locking manner, preferably being forged or cast on the crankshaft. If the support aid is fastened to the crankshaft in a material-locking manner, the support aid can absorb or dissipate particularly high impact forces. Alternatively to a forging, another thermal connection method may be provided. Optionally, the support aid may also be glued to the crankshaft.
  • the support can also be formed integrally with the crankshaft, z. B. by processing, for example, turning out of the crankshaft.
  • the support aid is releasably secured to the crankshaft, preferably is positively secured to the crankshaft, particularly preferably screwed or clamped.
  • the support aid can advantageously be screwed onto a region of the crankshaft. This is especially at end parts of the crankshaft advantage.
  • crankshaft support aid in particular meant that in addition to the radial form-fitting, which already exists by pushing the rotating support, there is also at least one one-sided axial form-fit, preferably a two-sided axial positive fit, the deducting the support prevents or makes it possible to absorb axially acting forces.
  • the supporting aid is axially and radially immovably fixed to the crankshaft during impact hardening and preferably releasable again after impact hardening. It can also be provided a frictional attachment of the support aid to the crankshaft. A frictional connection of the support aid with the crankshaft can be done for example by shrinking the support.
  • the support aid can first be releasably attached to the crankshaft, for example by screwing, after which the support aid is fixed by one or more welds on non-component critical areas. Subsequently, ie after impact hardening, the support can then be completely removed or processed or only the cohesive areas, eg. As the welds, are processed, after which the support aid is releasable again and can be removed from the crankshaft.
  • the support aid is applied to the crankshaft in such a way, in particular in end portions of the crankshaft, that the support aid, starting from a surrounding solid structure, is positioned at a desired axial position of the crankshaft to the impact force of the passive Record impact tool.
  • the support can therefore also be attached to a further device and the crankshaft only fed.
  • the support aid can be pressed against a cross-sectional transition of the crankshaft.
  • the support element of the passive impact tool has a larger contact surface for engagement with the crankshaft than the impact head of the active impact tool.
  • the impact head of the active impact tool is preferably designed to precisely introduce a striking force to a point of the annular radius around the crankshaft along the transition radius to allow the greatest possible depth effect and / or exact expression of the compressive residual stresses
  • a large contact surface of the support element cause the same impact force on the side of the passive impact tool distributed over a larger area of the crankshaft, which preferably no or only low compressive residual stresses introduced by the passive impact tool in the crankshaft or in the area adjacent to the passive impact tool become.
  • the support element of the passive impact tool is formed of a less hard material than the impact head of the active impact tool.
  • the support element of the passive impact tool is formed of a less hard material than the crankshaft and / or that the support element is formed of a less hard material than the transition radius, which is impact-hardened with the active impact tool.
  • the support member is formed of a soft material or of a material having a low hardness, the effect of the impact forces is substantially absorbed by the support element itself. The effect on the crankshaft is reduced.
  • the passive impact tool is replaced by an active impact tool and / or the support element of the passive impact tool against a striking head.
  • the impact device can easily be strengthened both for impact of two adjacent to the same pin transition radii, ie used for symmetric impact hardening, as well as for asymmetric impact hardening of a single transition radius.
  • a change of the passive impact tool and / or support member may for example be made manually by a fitter or by a changing device with a magazine.
  • the impact device is initially used for two-sided impact hardening of transition radii of symmetrical crankshaft segments, after which one of the active impact tools is then replaced by a passive impact tool and / or one of the impact heads by a support element. Following this, one or more individual transition radii, i. H. non-symmetrical areas of the crankshaft, such as end parts or the like, are impact-hardened. However, it can also be provided that initially all unbalanced areas of the crankshaft and then the symmetrical areas of the crankshaft are impact-hardened. An alternating or mixed impact hardening of symmetrical and non-symmetrical regions of the crankshaft is also possible.
  • each independently usable beating device can be provided, each with one or more striking tools that are able to bring each impact forces in any transition radii of the crankshaft, with a corresponding synchronization with each other or between controls the impact tools can be provided.
  • the impact hardening of the crankshaft can thus take place even faster, since several impact devices can be used simultaneously.
  • all impact devices are formed according to the invention.
  • a common pressure impulse device When using several impact devices, a common pressure impulse device can be provided, which is able to generate the corresponding impact forces for the impact devices in a hydraulic, pneumatic, mechanical and / or electrical manner (jointly or individually) for the impact devices.
  • the impact head of the active impact tool may preferably be formed essentially spherical, in particular in the front region or at the front end of the impact head, the or the to solidify against the crankshaft beats.
  • the impact head can have any desired geometry and can also be oval, hemispherical or flat, for example.
  • crankshaft can be rotated continuously or incrementally during impact hardening.
  • a suitable drive device may be provided.
  • the drive device may comprise a motor, in particular an electric motor.
  • the electric motor can be any desired electric motor, for example a three-phase motor (in particular a three-phase asynchronous machine), an AC motor, a DC motor or a universal motor.
  • a stepper motor can be used.
  • crankshaft d. H. a synchronous drive or double-sided drive of the crankshaft.
  • the active impact tool with a periodicity, preferably with a beat frequency of 0.5 Hz to 30 Hz, more preferably with a clock of 0.5 Hz to 5 Hz and most preferably with a clock of 0.5 Hz to 3 Hz, performs a striking movement or brings in the impact force.
  • timings for example, beat frequencies between 0.1 Hz and 50 Hz, may be provided, but the above values are particularly suitable.
  • the impact pressures which are converted by the percussion piston to the impact force, depending on the operation - between 10 and 300 bar, preferably between 30 and 180 bar, and more preferably between 50 and 130 bar, amount.
  • the temperature in the region of the crankshaft segment or transition radius to be machined should preferably not be higher than 65 ° C; values between 12 ° C and 25 ° C are preferred.
  • the removal of the surface can be done in various ways, such as by grinding, turning, milling, turn milling, peeling or polishing.
  • the removal of the surface can possibly also be combined with the removal of the support.
  • the invention also relates to a device for impact hardening a transition radius of a crankshaft, in particular a transition radius between a connecting rod journal and a crank arm and / or a transition radius between a main journal and a crank arm of the crankshaft, with a beater having a percussion piston and a deflection unit.
  • the impact device has an active impact tool and a passive impact tool, wherein the impact tools are attached to the Umlenkein- unit, and wherein the percussion piston transmits a power surge on the percussion tools on the deflection unit, wherein the active impact tool via a Schlagkopf brings a punch in the transition radius.
  • a support element is formed, with which the passive impact tool is supported on the crankshaft.
  • the impact device has a support aid which can be positioned at a position axially offset from the transition radius along the crankshaft for supporting the passive impact tool, wherein the support aid can be removed again from the crankshaft after impact hardening.
  • the device is also suitable for impact hardening of transitions to flanges, cones and other geometrical cross-sectional changes - both tangent and deposited radii.
  • Features that have already been described in connection with the method according to the invention are of course also advantageous for the device according to the invention implemented - and vice versa.
  • advantages which have already been mentioned in connection with the method according to the invention can also be understood as related to the device according to the invention - and vice versa.
  • the support aid is designed as a support pin, support flange or support ring.
  • additional material is smelted or cast on the blank or the crankshaft, which material is processed again after impact hardening.
  • the additional material can thus serve as a supportive aid in impact hardening.
  • a ring can be applied as a counter-holder on the crankshaft, or be wound up, wherein the ring can then be used as a supportive aid.
  • the passive impact tool may have a dummy plunger or a hammer head without a ball or a support element.
  • the supporting aid is materially fastened to the crankshaft, preferably forged or cast on the crankshaft.
  • the support aid is detachably fastened to the crankshaft, is preferably fastened in a form-fitting manner to the crankshaft, is particularly preferably screwed or clamped.
  • the support aid and the crankshaft have a thread in order to screw the support aid onto the crankshaft.
  • the support aid may preferably have an internal thread which can be screwed onto an external thread of the crankshaft, preferably on an external thread of the crankshaft in an end portion of the crankshaft.
  • the support element of the passive impact tool forms a larger contact surface for engagement with the crankshaft as the impact head of the active impact tool. It may alternatively or additionally be provided that the support element of the passive impact tool is formed of a less hard material than the impact head of the active impact tool, the crankshaft and / or the transition radius to be solidified.
  • control and / or regulating device preferably comprising a microprocessor, in order to realize and / or to synchronize the rotational movement of the drive device and the control of the beating device or of the beater devices.
  • any further device for implementing a control and / or regulating device may be provided, for example one or more arrangements of discrete electrical components on a printed circuit board, a programmable logic controller (PLC), a an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or other programmable circuit, such as a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a programmable logic device (PLA) and / or a commercially available computer.
  • PLC programmable logic controller
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • PLA programmable logic device
  • the invention also relates to a computer program with program code means in order to carry out the method according to the invention when the program is executed on a control and / or regulating device, in particular on a microprocessor.
  • some of the components of the device according to the invention may correspond in their construction to the device according to EP 1 716 260 B1, for which reason the disclosure content of EP 1 716 260 B1 is completely integrated into the present disclosure by referencing.
  • the invention also relates to a crankshaft made by a method as described above.
  • FIG. 1 shows an overall view of a device according to the invention for carrying out the method of a first embodiment
  • FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a part of the device according to the invention for carrying out the method in a second embodiment
  • FIG. 3 shows a striking device with two impact tools in an enlarged view according to detail "A" of Fig. 1.
  • FIG. 4 shows an exemplary crankshaft with marked transition radii to be consolidated on one side;
  • 5 shows a striking device for impact hardening of a transition radius with an active impact tool and with a support aid connected materially to the crankshaft to form a system for a passive impact tool;
  • FIG. 6 shows a striking device for impact hardening of a transition radius with an active
  • Fig. 7 shows a striking device with an active and a passive impact tool, wherein the passive impact tool instead of a striking head has a support element.
  • the device shown in Figure 1 in an overall view basically corresponds in its structure to the devices according to DE 34 38 742 C2 and EP 1 716 260 B1 with one or more impact devices 1, which is why hereinafter only on the essential parts and on the differences to the prior Technology is discussed in more detail.
  • the device has a machine bed 2 and a drive device 3.
  • the drive device 3 is used to bring or rotate a crankshaft 4 along a direction of rotation in an impact position.
  • crankshaft 4 has connecting rod journal 5 and main journal 6, between which each crank webs 7 are arranged on.
  • Transverse radii 8 (cf., FIGS. 3 to 7) are formed between connecting rod journal 5 and crank webs 7 and between main bearing journal 6 and crank webs 7 or generally between cross-sectional transitions of crankshaft 4.
  • a fastening device 9 On the side facing the drive device 3 side of the crankshaft 4, a fastening device 9 is provided, which has a clamping disk or a mounting flange 10.
  • a support 1 1 On the side facing away from the drive device 3 side of the crankshaft 4, a support 1 1 is preferably provided in the manner of a tailstock, which has a further fastening means 9 to receive the crankshaft 4 rotatable bar or rotatable set.
  • a Lü- nice which is positioned at a rotationally symmetrical location, may be provided.
  • the drive device 3 is able to set the crankshaft 4 along a rotation axis C in a rotational movement. It can be provided that the main axis of rotation C K w of the crankshaft 4 is positioned off-center of the axis of rotation C of the drive device 3, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.
  • alignment means 17 may preferably be provided in the region of the fastening device 9. It can be provided that the alignment means 17 a center axis of each to be solidified pin 5, 6 shift so that the central axis of the pin 5, 6 is located on the axis of rotation C.
  • a direct drive preferably without a clutch
  • An engine, preferably an electric motor, of the drive device 3 can thus be mechanically coupled without transmission or transmission to the fastening device 9 or to the crankshaft 4.
  • the impact devices 1 described in more detail below by way of example are each held adjustably in a displacement and adjusting device 15 in order to adapt them to the position of the connecting rod journal 5 and the main bearing journal 6 and to the length of the crankshaft 4.
  • the support 1 1 can also be arranged to be displaceable, as indicated by the double arrows in FIG.
  • FIG. 1 shows two impact devices 1, but in principle any number of impact devices 1 may be provided, for example only a single impact device 1. It can also be provided that at least one impact device 1 is designed and arranged for impact hardening of the transition radii 8 of the main bearing journals 6 and that a striking device 1 is designed and set up for impact hardening of the transition radii 8 of the connecting rod journals. It is also possible that one of the impactors 1 for impact hardening of all symmetrical crankshaft parts, d. H. for impact hardening of pairs of transition radii 8 adjoining the same pin, and a striking device 1 for impact hardening of all non-symmetrical regions of the crankshaft 4, d. H. of individual transition radii 8, is used.
  • a impact device 1 of the same design is used for impact hardening of two transition radii 8 adjoining the same journal and for impact hardening of a single transition radius 8.
  • the impact hardening should not take place symmetrically at both transition radii 8 adjoining the same pin, but only at a single transition radius 8.
  • one of the impact devices 1 is shown by dashed lines. This is to be used for one-sided solidification of a transition radius 8 at the right end of the crankshaft 4, while the left impact device 1 shown in Figure 1 is used for simultaneous impact hardening of two adjacent to the same connecting rod journal 5 transition radii 8.
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary perspective view of a further device for carrying out the method according to the invention, but without a beating device.
  • the device of FIG. 2 is essentially identical to the device of FIG. 1, for which reason reference will be made below only to the essential differences in detail.
  • a drive device 3 is provided.
  • a fastening device 9 is provided, which has a fastening flange 10 and an attached face plate with clamping jaws for fixing the crankshaft 4.
  • the face plate with the clamping jaws of the fastening device 9 is arranged on the mounting flange 10 adjustable on an alignment means 17, whereby the longitudinal axis C K w of the crankshaft 4 relative to the axis of rotation C of a drive shaft or an input shaft 13 can be moved.
  • the crankshaft 4 of FIG. 2 has a configuration differing from that shown in FIG. 1, but basically also includes connecting rod journal 5, main bearing journal 6 and crank webs 7.
  • FIG. 3 shows, by way of example, a beating device 1 of FIG. 1 in greater detail.
  • the invention can in principle be implemented with any impactor 1.
  • the impact device 1 described below is particularly suitable. It has a base body 18 which can be provided with a prismatic system according to the radius of the crankshaft segment to be machined and preferably has guides 19 which guide two striking tools 16 in their support plane and give them a corresponding freedom about a deflection unit 20 for adaptation to the dimensional conditions of the crankshaft 4 is advantageous.
  • At the front ends of the two impact tools 16 each have a ball is arranged as a striking head 21.
  • An intermediate part 22 establishes the connection between a percussion piston 23 and the deflection unit 20, which transmits the impact energy to the striking tools 16.
  • the intermediate part 22 may optionally be omitted.
  • a clamping prism 24 can be fastened on springs 25 with adjustable clamping bolts 26 with clamping nuts 27 on the side of the journal 5, 6 facing away from the main body 18.
  • adjustable clamping bolts 26 with clamping nuts 27 on the side of the journal 5, 6 facing away from the main body 18.
  • beating means basically any number of beaters may be meant, for example two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten or more.
  • the reference to a plural form or singular is for convenience only and not restrictive.
  • crankshaft 4 By arranging a plurality of impactors 1 over the length of the crankshaft 4 to be machined, all centric and optionally eccentrically extending regions of the crankshaft 4 can be machined simultaneously if required.
  • the percussion piston 23 transmits a force impulse to the percussion tools 16 via the deflecting unit 20, whereafter the striking heads 21 of the percussion tools 16 bring an impact force into the transition radii 8 adjoining the same cones.
  • impact force and similar expressions in the present specification are to be understood only as a wildcard for any impact force deemed appropriate to those skilled in the art. If reference is made to "the impact force” in the description, they can thus each be different or even identical impact forces.
  • the beating device 1 shown in FIG. 3 may be a beating device 1 of the prior art for impact beating of transition radii 8 adjacent to the same pin, which are subsequently equipped as impact device 1 according to the invention with an active impact tool 16.1 and a passive impact tool 16.2 for impact hardening a single transition radius 8 is used.
  • the same impact device 1 can be used for different tasks.
  • FIG. 4 shows an exemplary crankshaft 4.
  • the crankshaft 4 has at the majority of their respective connecting rod journal 5 and main journal 6 at the transitions to the adjacent crank webs 7 transition radii 8.
  • transition radii 8 adjoin a journal 5 or 6, respectively.
  • all transition radii 8 of the crankshaft 4 are impact-hardened.
  • the impact device 1 described in FIG. 3 has proved to be particularly advantageous since it simultaneously enables both transition radii 8 adjacent to a journal 5, 6 to be impact-strengthened.
  • This type of impact hardening is referred to in the present specification as symmetrical impact hardening.
  • crankshaft 4 but also areas B ⁇ B 2 , B 3 , B 4 , in which a two-sided impact hardening is not necessary or not desirable.
  • Exemplary ranges B 1 -B 2 , B 3 , B 4 of the illustrated crankshaft 4, in which only one-sided impact hardening is to take place, are indicated in FIG. 4 by corresponding arrows on the transition radii 8 to be consolidated at these points.
  • the areas B ⁇ B 2 are located in the region of the two end portions E of the crankshaft 4 and therefore have only one transition radius 8.
  • a striking hardening of the individual transition radii 8 with a striking device 1 with two striking tools 16 and a deflection unit 20, as described with reference to FIG. 3, is not possible with the means of the prior art at these regions B 2 B 2 , since this is in each case to be solidified by the latter Transition radius 8 facing away impact tool 16 and thus the entire impact device 1 would slip in the striking hardening, since the facing away from the transition radius 8 to be solidified impact tool 16 in any adjacent transition radius 8 or an adjacent flange or an adjacent crank arm 7 can be supported.
  • crankshaft 4 may have regions in which, although two transition radii 8 are present between which a striking device 1 can be introduced, in which, however, impact hardening is desired only in one of the transition radii 8.
  • a region is indicated in FIG. 4 B 3 provided.
  • the transition radius 8 left in the area B 3 which is not to be consolidated, may be a transition radius 8 which adjoins a crank web, a journal or a flange 28 which, for example, is not sufficiently stable to withstand the high forces involved in impact hardening withstand.
  • FIG 4 another area B 4 of the crankshaft 4 is shown, in which due to the right side adjacent reducing cross-sectional transition in turn only a single transition radius to be solidified 8 is present. Comparable with the areas B and B 2 at the end portions E, a percussion tool 16 or a striking device 1 of the prior art without inventive design would not find sufficient support in the impact strengthening here.
  • the illustrated areas B ⁇ B 2 , B 3 , B 4 and the crankshaft 4 shown serve only to illustrate the principle and the invention of course not on a one-sided impact strengthening in the illustrated areas B ⁇ B 2 , B 3 , B 4 or positions or transition radii 8 is limited to understand.
  • the invention is suitable for impact strengthening of any individual transition radii 8 at arbitrary positions of a crankshaft 4 with any configuration.
  • FIG. 5 shows the device according to the invention or the method according to the invention with reference to a first advantageous variant.
  • an area of the crankshaft 4 similar to the area B 4 shown in FIG. 4 , is to be impact-solidified on one side.
  • transition radius 8 between the illustrated main journal 6 and the adjacent crank arm 7 of the crankshaft 4 schlagzuverfestigen is envisaged.
  • the basically already known impact device 1 with the percussion piston 23, the deflecting unit 20 and the two striking tools 16 is used.
  • the percussion tool 16 associated with the transition radius 8 to be consolidated is designated as an active percussion tool 16.1 and the percussion tool 16 facing away from the transition radius 8 to be consolidated is referred to as a passive impact tool 16.2 or used as such.
  • the percussion piston 23 once again transmits a force impulse via the deflecting unit 20 to the percussion tools 16.1, 16.2, whereafter the active percussion tool 16.1 introduces the striking force into the transition radius 8 via its impact head 21 in a known manner.
  • support member 29 is a support flange, which is preferably materially connected to the crankshaft 4.
  • the support aid 29 may, for example, also have been formed integrally therewith during the production of the crankshaft 4 or applied to the crankshaft 4 prior to impact hardening, for example, forged or cast on.
  • the support aid 29 can then preferably worked off after impact hardening, for example turned off.
  • the support aid 29 is preferably made of a sufficiently hard material and has an axial extension, which is adapted to receive and dissipate the introduced by the passive impact tool 16.2 impact force.
  • the passive impact tool 16.2 can thus according to the invention be supported on the support aid 29, while the active impact tool 16.1 introduces the impact force into the transition radius 8 to be fixed.
  • a further transition radius (which does not have to be solidified / intended) may be provided, but this is not absolutely necessary and not shown in the figures.
  • the support aid 29 also has a radial extension which is sufficient for the passive impact tool 16.2 to remain securely on the main journal 6 during impact hardening or during support and can not spring out of the main journal 6 via the support aid 29.
  • FIG. 6 shows a second variant of the invention in which a support aid 29 is likewise provided.
  • FIG. 6 The variant of FIG. 6 is fundamentally similar to the variant of FIG. 5, reference being made below to the essential differences only.
  • the support aid 29 is detachably fastened to the crankshaft 4 and screwed onto the crankshaft 4 for this purpose.
  • the crankshaft 4 and the support aid 29 have for this purpose a corresponding respective thread 30, 31.
  • the support aid 29 can easily be removed again from the crankshaft 4 after impact hardening.
  • the support can 29 after screwing for example, by individual welds or other cohesive bonding techniques are fixed to non-component critical areas of the crankshaft 4.
  • the support aid 29 can be detachably attach to the crankshaft 4 by merely pushing the support aid 29 onto the crankshaft 4, possibly without threads 30, 31, and the support aid 29, for example, starting from a surrounding fixed structure , z.
  • the Abstützung 11 with sufficient force is pressed laterally to a cross-sectional transition of the crankshaft. This is preferably done in such a way that while the crankshaft 4 can still rotate during impact hardening, the support aid 29, however, is sufficiently pressed against the cross-sectional transition that the passive impact tool 16.2 can be supported sufficiently on the support aid 29.
  • the compressive force with which the support aid 29 is pressed can also be reduced when the crankshaft 4 is rotated.
  • the support aid 29 can also be brought into position and held without the support aid 29 being pressed against a cross-sectional transition.
  • the support aid 29 does not necessarily require a cross-sectional transition for the function, on which the support aid 29 is brought into abutment.
  • the support aid 29 may be disposed at any axial position along a pin 5, 6, an end portion E or any other position of the crankshaft 4.
  • FIG. 7 shows a third variant of the invention, which can also be implemented in combination with the variants already presented.
  • the region shown in FIG. 7 may be an area that is fundamentally similar to the region B 3 of FIG. 4.
  • transitional radii 8 are respectively provided at the respective main journal 6 at the ends thereof, although in this case only the left transition radius 8, ie the transition radius 8 adjacent to the crank arm 7, is to be impact-hardened.
  • the end flange 28, on which the second transition radius 8 is formed has too small an axial extent to survive the introduction of an impact force with a conventional impact tool 16 unscathed.
  • the passive impact tool 16.2 instead of a striking head 21 has a support member 32 with which the passive impact tool 16.2 is supported on the crankshaft 4.
  • the support member 32 in this case has a larger contact surface for engagement with the crankshaft 4 as the impact head 21 of the active impact tool 16.1.
  • the impact force is distributed over a larger area, whereby the impact force introduced by the passive impact tool 16.2 can be diverted into the material of the crankshaft 4 without jeopardizing the insufficiently stable flange 28 and / or the crankshaft 4.
  • the support member 32 of the passive impact tool 16.2 may be formed of a less hard material than the impact head 21 of the active impact tool 16.1, as the crankshaft 4 and / or as the transition radius 8, which is impact-solidified with the active impact tool 16.1.
  • the impact device 1 shown in FIG. 7 with the passive impact tool 16. 2 with the support aid 32 can be designed such that it is easily adaptable or replaceable in order to simultaneously impact-strengthen two transition radii 8 adjoining the same journal 5 or 6.
  • a beating device 1 according to the prior art can be used in which individual components, in particular the impact head 21 or the support element 32 or the entire active impact tool 16.1, can be exchanged for a passive impact tool 16.2.
  • the passive impact tool 16.2 is exchanged for an active impact tool 16.1 and / or the support member 32 of the passive impact tool 16.2 against a percussion head 21 and vice versa.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif pour consolider par percussion un rayon de transition d'un vilebrequin. L'invention concerne un procédé pour consolider par percussion un rayon de transition (8) d'un vilebrequin (4), en particulier un rayon de transition (8) entre un tourillon de coussin de bielle (5) et un bras de manivelle (7) et/ou un rayon de transition (8) entre un tourillon de montage principal (6) et un bras de manivelle (7) du vilebrequin (4). Pour la consolidation par percussion, un dispositif de percussion (1) est utilisé, qui présente un piston (23) de percussion, une unité de déviation (20) et un outil de percussion actif (16.1) ainsi qu'un outil de percussion passif (16.2), les outils (16.1, 16.2) de percussion étant agencés sur l'unité de déviation (20). Le piston (23) de percussion transfère une impulsion sur les outils (16.1, 16.2) de percussion par l'intermédiaire de l'unité de déviation (20), à la suite de quoi l'outil de percussion actif (16.1) introduit une force de percussion dans le rayon de transition (8) par l'intermédiaire d'une tête (21) de percussion. Avec l'outil de percussion passif (16.2), à la place d'une tête (21) de percussion un élément d'appui (32) est utilisé, au moyen duquel l'outil de percussion passif (16.2) est en appui sur le vilebrequin (4). En variante ou en plus, l'outil de percussion passif (16.2), dans une position décalée axialement du rayon de transition (8) le long du vilebrequin (4), est en appui contre un auxiliaire d'appui (29), l'auxiliaire d'appui (29) étant retiré du vilebrequin (4) après la consolidation par percussion.
PCT/EP2018/063695 2017-06-14 2018-05-24 Procédé et dispositif pour consolider par percussion un rayon de transition d'un vilebrequin WO2018228796A1 (fr)

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CN113752035A (zh) * 2021-09-10 2021-12-07 徐州云陌机械科技有限公司 一种工程机械曲臂的模锻成型加工装置

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DE3438742A1 (de) 1984-10-23 1986-04-30 Maschinenfabrik Alfing Keßler GmbH, 7080 Aalen Verfahren zur steigerung der dauerfestigkeit von bauteilen unterschiedlicher formgebung
EP1034314B1 (fr) 1997-11-26 2003-01-08 Maschinenfabrik Alfing Kessler GmbH Dispositif de durcissement electro-inductif de surfaces de portee et de rayons de transition de vilebrequins
EP0788419B1 (fr) 1994-10-24 2003-01-08 Ingersoll Cm Systems, Inc. Procede et appareil de fabrication de vilebrequins
EP1479480A1 (fr) 2003-05-20 2004-11-24 Lonero engineering Co., Inc Tête de rouleau d'écrouissage
EP1612290A1 (fr) 2004-07-02 2006-01-04 METAPLAS IONON Oberflächenveredelungstechnik GmbH Procédé et installation pour la nitruration à l'aide de gaz d'un substrat et substrat obtenu.
EP1716260A1 (fr) * 2004-02-23 2006-11-02 Maschinenfabrik Alfing Kessler GmbH Procede et dispositif d'augmentation de la limite de fatigue, notamment de la resistance a la flexion alternee et de la resistance a la torsion alternee d'arbres de vilebrequins
DE102007028888A1 (de) 2007-06-20 2009-01-02 Maschinenfabrik Alfing Kessler Gmbh Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Festigkeit eines Bauteils
WO2016032673A1 (fr) * 2014-08-28 2016-03-03 Ellwood National Investment Corp. Cadre de confinement ouvert destiné au brunissage de produits arbres

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DE102006058710A1 (de) * 2006-12-13 2008-06-19 Daimler Ag Werkzeugmaschine und Bearbeitungsvorrichtung zum Verfestigen von Radienübergängen an Kurbelwellen für Brennkraftmaschinen oder ähnlichen Werkstücken

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3438742A1 (de) 1984-10-23 1986-04-30 Maschinenfabrik Alfing Keßler GmbH, 7080 Aalen Verfahren zur steigerung der dauerfestigkeit von bauteilen unterschiedlicher formgebung
EP0788419B1 (fr) 1994-10-24 2003-01-08 Ingersoll Cm Systems, Inc. Procede et appareil de fabrication de vilebrequins
EP1034314B1 (fr) 1997-11-26 2003-01-08 Maschinenfabrik Alfing Kessler GmbH Dispositif de durcissement electro-inductif de surfaces de portee et de rayons de transition de vilebrequins
EP1479480A1 (fr) 2003-05-20 2004-11-24 Lonero engineering Co., Inc Tête de rouleau d'écrouissage
EP1716260A1 (fr) * 2004-02-23 2006-11-02 Maschinenfabrik Alfing Kessler GmbH Procede et dispositif d'augmentation de la limite de fatigue, notamment de la resistance a la flexion alternee et de la resistance a la torsion alternee d'arbres de vilebrequins
EP1716260B1 (fr) 2004-02-23 2008-01-09 Maschinenfabrik Alfing Kessler GmbH Procede d'augmentation de la limite de fatigue, notamment de la resistance a la flexion alternee et de la resistance a la torsion alternee d'arbres de vilebrequins
EP1612290A1 (fr) 2004-07-02 2006-01-04 METAPLAS IONON Oberflächenveredelungstechnik GmbH Procédé et installation pour la nitruration à l'aide de gaz d'un substrat et substrat obtenu.
DE102007028888A1 (de) 2007-06-20 2009-01-02 Maschinenfabrik Alfing Kessler Gmbh Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Festigkeit eines Bauteils
WO2016032673A1 (fr) * 2014-08-28 2016-03-03 Ellwood National Investment Corp. Cadre de confinement ouvert destiné au brunissage de produits arbres

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