WO2018224350A1 - NOUVELLES POLYAMINES, LEUR PROCEDE DE SYNTHESE ET LEUR UTILISATION POUR L'ÉLIMINATION SELECTIVE DE l'H2S D'UN EFFLUENT GAZEUX COMPRENANT DU CO2 - Google Patents
NOUVELLES POLYAMINES, LEUR PROCEDE DE SYNTHESE ET LEUR UTILISATION POUR L'ÉLIMINATION SELECTIVE DE l'H2S D'UN EFFLUENT GAZEUX COMPRENANT DU CO2 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/0622—Polycondensates containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C08G73/0633—Polycondensates containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with only two nitrogen atoms in the ring
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
- B01D53/1468—Removing hydrogen sulfide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
- B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/02—Polyamines
- C08G73/0206—Polyalkylene(poly)amines
- C08G73/0213—Preparatory process
- C08G73/022—Preparatory process from polyamines and epihalohydrins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
- C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
- C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
- C10L3/101—Removal of contaminants
- C10L3/102—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
- C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
- C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
- C10L3/101—Removal of contaminants
- C10L3/102—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants
- C10L3/103—Sulfur containing contaminants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/54—Specific separation steps for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
- C10L2290/541—Absorption of impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to novel nitrogen compounds belonging to the family of polyamines, resulting from the reaction between an epihalohydrin or a 1,3-dihalo-2-propanol and piperazine.
- the invention also relates to the process for synthesizing said compounds, as well as their use in a deacidification process of a gaseous effluent, such as industrial gas or natural gas.
- a gaseous effluent such as industrial gas or natural gas.
- Absorption processes employing an aqueous amine solution are commonly used to remove acidic compounds, in particular carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), carbon oxysulfide (COS). ), carbon disulfide (CS 2 ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and mercaptans (RSH), present in a gas.
- the gas is deacidified by contacting the absorbent solution in an absorption column ("absorber"), and then the absorbing solution is thermally regenerated in a regeneration column (“regenerator"). A gas depleted of acidic compounds is then produced in the absorber, and a gas rich in acidic compounds leaves the regenerator.
- US 6,852,144 discloses, for example, a method for removing acidic compounds from hydrocarbons.
- the method uses an absorbent water / N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) or water / triethanolamine solution containing a high proportion of at least one compound belonging to the following group: piperazine, methylpiperazine and morpholine.
- MDEA N-methyldiethanolamine
- morpholine a compound belonging to the following group: piperazine, methylpiperazine and morpholine.
- a limitation of the absorbent solutions commonly used in deacidification applications is an insufficient selectivity of absorption of H 2 S with respect to C0 2 .
- selective removal of H 2 S is sought with a minimum of C0 2 absorption. This constraint is particularly important for gases to be treated already containing a CO 2 content less than or equal to the desired specification.
- a maximum absorption capacity of H 2 S with a maximum selectivity of absorption of H 2 S with respect to C0 2 is then sought. This selectivity makes it possible to recover an acid gas at the outlet of the regenerator having the highest concentration possible in H 2 S, which limits the size of the units of the sulfur chain downstream of the treatment and guarantees a better operation.
- an enrichment unit in H 2 S is necessary to concentrate in H 2 S the acid gas. In this case, the most selective absorbing solution is also sought.
- the tail gas treatment units also require selective removal of H 2 S, which is returned upstream of the sulfur chain.
- tertiary amines or secondary amines with a severe steric hindrance have a capture kinetics C0 2 slower than primary amines or secondary amines uncrowded.
- tertiary amines or secondary amines with severe steric hindrance have instantaneous H 2 S sensing kinetics, which allows for selective removal of H 2 S based on distinct kinetic performance.
- US Patents 4,405,581, US 4,405,582 and US 4,405,583 disclose the use of absorbent solutions based on hindered secondary amines for the selective removal of H 2 S in the presence of CO 2 .
- US Patent 4,405,81 1 discloses the use of congested tertiary aminoetheralcohols
- US Pat. No. 4,483,833 discloses the use of aminoalcohol and heterocyclic aminoether alcohols to remove H 2 S from a gaseous mixture comprising H 2 S and C0 2 . All of these patents describe improved performances in terms of selectivity and capacity with respect to the MDEA. These amines have a very clear advantage over the MDEA for applications using gases with low partial pressures of acid gases.
- FR 2,996,464 discloses that the addition of certain organic compounds, in particular added in very small amounts, to a formulation comprising water and at least one tertiary amine or secondary hindered makes it possible to control the selectivity of the absorption during the selective absorption of H 2 S with respect to C0 2 of a gaseous effluent comprising H 2 S and CO 2 .
- Said organic compound by increasing the dynamic viscosity of the aqueous solution in a controlled manner, makes it possible to improve the selectivity of absorption of H 2 S with respect to CO 2 .
- the organic compounds described are, for example, polyols, polyethers, copolymers of ethylene oxide terminated with hydrophobic units attached to the ethylene oxide groups by urethane groups, polyacrylamides partially or completely hydrolysed, polymers or copolymers comprising acrylic, methacrylic, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, N-vinylpyridine, N-vinylpyrrolidinone, N-vinylimidazole monomer units, polysaccharides.
- These compounds are not amines capable of reacting with the acidic compounds such as CO 2 of the gas to be treated, as is the case with the tertiary amine or secondary amine congested with the absorbing solution.
- the object of the present invention is in particular to provide compounds which can be used in the amine-based absorbent solution formulations used in the deacidification of gases, for a selective removal of H 2 S with respect to CO 2 , overcoming the problems of the prior art presented above.
- New nitrogen compounds belonging to the family of polyamines, and resulting from the reaction between an epihalohydrin or a 1,3-dihalo-2-propanol and piperazine, can be advantageously used in the field of deacidification of gas.
- the inventors have demonstrated that the viscosifiers used to limit the absorption of C0 2 are not equivalent in terms of performance for their use in absorbent solution formulations for an industrial process for selective removal of H 2 S in gas containing C0 2 .
- the inventors have demonstrated that the use of the polyamines according to the general formula (I) given below, resulting from the reaction between an epihalohydrin or a 1,3-dihalo-2-propanol and piperazine, makes it possible to obtain good performance in terms of absorption capacity of acid gases and absorption selectivity vis-à-vis the H 2 S, including an adsorption selectivity towards H 2 S more important than reference amines such as MDEA, in particular by adding these polyamines in a small amount to reference amine solutions.
- the polyamines according to the general formula (I) given below resulting from the reaction between an epihalohydrin or a 1,3-dihalo-2-propanol and piperazine, makes it possible to obtain good performance in terms of absorption capacity of acid gases and absorption selectivity vis-à-vis the H 2 S, including an adsorption selectivity towards H 2 S more important than reference amines such as MDEA, in particular by adding these polyamines in a small amount to reference amine solutions.
- the invention thus relates, according to a first aspect, to a nitrogen compound belonging to the family of polyamines, resulting from the reaction between piperazine and an epihalohydrin or a 1,3-dihalo-2-proanol, and having the formula following general rule (I):
- each radical R 1 is indifferently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical containing between 1 and 8 carbon atoms or a hydroxyalkyl radical corresponding to the following general formula (II):
- each radical R 2 is indifferently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical comprising between 1 and 6 carbon atoms, and two radicals R 2 may be linked together by a covalent bond to form a ring when said two radicals R 2 are alkyl radicals having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- all the radicals R 1 are hydrogen atoms.
- all the radicals R 1 are hydroxyalkyl radicals corresponding to the general formula (II), with at least three radicals R 2 being hydrogen atoms.
- the present invention relates to a process for the synthesis of at least one nitrogen compound according to the invention, comprising a polycondensation reaction between the piperazine of formula (III) and an epihalohydrin of general formula (IV) or a 1,3-dihalo-2-propanol of general formula (XI) for forming at least one compound of general formula (I) in which the radical R 1 is a hydrogen atom (formula V), X being a halogen atom in the general formulas (IV) and (XI), preferably a chlorine or bromine atom, and even more preferably a chlorine atom.
- the epihalohydrin of general formula (IV) is epichlorohydrin
- the 1,3-dihalo-2-propanol of general formula (XI) is 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol.
- a base preferably sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, and more preferably sodium hydroxide, is used to neutralize the hydrohalic acid produced during the polycondensation reaction between the piperazine and the epihalohydrin of general formula (IV ) or 1,3-dihalo-2-propanol of general formula (XI), forming a salt, said salt being preferably removed by washing or filtration.
- the polycondensation reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature between room temperature and 140 ° C.
- the polycondensation reaction can be carried out in the presence of a solvent or a mixture of solvent, the solvent being chosen from the group consisting of water, an alcohol, and an ether, said alcohol being preferably methanol, ethanol, or isopropanol, and said ether being preferably tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, or diglyme.
- a solvent or a mixture of solvent the solvent being chosen from the group consisting of water, an alcohol, and an ether, said alcohol being preferably methanol, ethanol, or isopropanol, and said ether being preferably tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, or diglyme.
- the present invention relates to a process for the synthesis of at least one nitrogen compound according to the invention, comprising:
- the second reaction is carried out between the compound of general formula (V) and an epoxide to produce a compound according to general formula (I) in which the radical R 1 is a hydroxyalkyl radical radical corresponding to general formula (II).
- the second reaction may be a condensation or addition reaction allowing N-alkylation of the compound of general formula (V) to produce a compound according to general formula (I) in which the radical R 1 is an alkyl radical having between 1 and 8 carbon atoms.
- the piperazine is in molar excess relative to the epihalohydrin of general formula (IV) or to 1, 3-dihalo-2-propanol of general formula (XI).
- the epihalohydrin of general formula (IV) or the 1,3-dihalo-2-propanol of formula (XI) is in molar excess relative to piperazine, and the polycondensation reaction is moreover carried out in the presence of an N-substituted mono-derivative of piperazine of general formula (XII),
- the present invention relates to an absorbent solution for removing acidic compounds contained in a gaseous effluent, comprising:
- the solution comprises:
- a mass fraction of water of between 3.5% and 94.5% by weight of the absorbent solution, preferably between 39.5% and 79.5% by weight,
- a mass fraction of the main nitrogen compound of between 5% and 95% by weight of the absorbent solution, preferably between 20 and 60% by weight,
- a mass fraction of the annexed nitrogen compound of between 0.5% and 25% by weight of the absorbent solution, preferably between 1% and 10% by weight,
- the mass fraction of the main nitrogenous compound being greater than that of the annexed nitrogen compound.
- the main nitrogenous compound may be chosen from the group consisting of:
- N-methyl-N- (3-methoxypropyl) -2-aminoethanol N-methyl-N- (3-methoxypropyl) -1-amino- 2-propanol, N-methyl-N- (3-methoxypropyl) -1-amino-2-butanol, N-ethyl-N- (3-methoxypropyl) -2-aminoethanol, N-ethyl-N- ( 3-methoxypropyl) -1-amino-2-propanol, N-ethyl-N- (3-methoxypropyl) -1-amino-2-butanol, N-isopropyl-N- (3-methoxypropyl) -2-aminoethanol N-isopropyl-N- (3-methoxypropyl) -2-aminoethanol N-isopropyl-N- (3-methoxypropyl) -2-aminoethanol N-isopropyl-N-
- di- (2-hydroxyalkyl) -monoamines from the list consisting of 1 - [(2-hydroxyethyl) methylamino] -2-methyl-2-propanol, 1,1 '- (methylimino) -bis- [2- methyl-2-propanol], 2 - [(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl) amino] -2-methyl-1-propanol, 2 - [(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl) amino] -1-butanol Bis (2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl) amine;
- alkylaminopiperazines such as 1-methyl-4- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -piperazine, 1-ethyl-4- (diethylaminoethyl) piperazine.
- the absorbent solution may further comprise a physical solvent selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, benzyl alcohol, triethyleneglycoldimethylether, tetraethyleneglycoldimethylether, pentaethyleneglycoldimethylether, hexaethyleneglycoldimethylether, ⁇ heptaethyleneglycoldimethylether, octaethyleneglycoldimethylether, diethylene glycol butoxyacetate, glycerol triacetate, sulfolane, N-methylpyrrolidone, N-methylmorpholin-3-one, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylformamide, N-formyl-morpholine, N, N-dimethyl imidazolidin-2-one, N-methylimidazole, ethyleneglycol, diethyleneglycol, triethyleneglycol, thiodiglycol, and tributylphosphate, propylene carbonate.
- a physical solvent selected from the group consisting
- the present invention relates to a process for selectively removing H 2 S with respect to C0 2 from a gaseous effluent comprising H 2 S and C0 2 , in which a step is carried out. absorption of the acidic compounds by bringing the effluent gas into contact with an absorbent solution according to the invention.
- the gaseous effluent is advantageously chosen from natural gas, synthesis gases, refinery gases, acid gases from an amine unit, gases from a Claus tail reduction unit, gases Biomass fermentation
- FIG. 1 represents a schematic diagram of the implementation of an acid gas treatment process.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a route of synthesis of a compound according to the invention according to a first mode of synthesis.
- FIG. 3 illustrates another route of synthesis of a compound according to the invention according to the first synthesis mode.
- FIG. 4 illustrates intermediate reactions during the synthesis of a compound according to the invention according to the first synthesis mode.
- the arrows represent reaction stages. These are reaction schemes.
- the illustrations of the synthesis method according to the invention do not include all the components necessary for its implementation. Only the elements necessary for the understanding of the invention are represented therein, those skilled in the art being able to complete this representation to implement the invention.
- novel nitrogen compounds according to the invention are polyamines resulting from the reaction between an epihalohydrin or a 1,3-dihalo-2-propanol and piperazine, and correspond to the following general formula I):
- n is between 2 and 100
- each radical R 1 is indifferently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical
- each radical R 2 is indifferently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical containing between 1 and 6 carbon atoms,
- ⁇ two radicals R 2 can be connected to each other by a covalent bond to form a ring when said two radicals R 2 are alkyl radicals having between 1 and 6 carbon atoms.
- all the radicals R 1 are hydrogen atoms. According to another preferred embodiment, all the radicals R 1 are hydroxyalkyl radicals corresponding to the general formula (II), in which at least three radicals R 2 are hydrogen atoms.
- alkyl is meant a linear hydrocarbon chain.
- hydroxyalkyl radical is meant a linear hydrocarbon chain having a hydroxyl group.
- the nitrogen compounds according to the general formula (I) can be synthesized according to any route permitted by organic chemistry.
- the synthesis of the compounds of the invention is based on a first polycondensation reaction between piperazine and an epihalohydrin, preferably epichlorohydrin, or between piperazine and a 1,3-dihalo-2-propanol, preferably 1 , 3-dichloro-2-propanol.
- an epihalohydrin preferably epichlorohydrin
- piperazine and a 1,3-dihalo-2-propanol preferably 1 , 3-dichloro-2-propanol.
- This first synthesis mode comprises a polycondensation reaction between the piperazine of formula (III) and an epihalohydrin of formula (IV), preferably epichlorohydrin (route A1 illustrated in FIG. 2), or a 1,3-dihalo-2- propanol of formula (XI), preferably 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (route A2 illustrated in FIG. 3), to form at least one compound according to general formula (I) in which the radical R 1 is an atom of hydrogen, or a compound of general formula (V).
- an epihalohydrin of formula (IV) preferably epichlorohydrin (route A1 illustrated in FIG. 2), or a 1,3-dihalo-2- propanol of formula (XI), preferably 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (route A2 illustrated in FIG. 3)
- X is a halogen atom, preferably a chlorine or bromine atom, and even more preferably a chlorine atom.
- the epihalohydrin is epichlorohydrin.
- X is a halogen atom, preferably a chlorine or bromine atom, and even more preferably a chlorine atom.
- 1,3-dihalo-2-propanol is 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol or 1,3-dibromo-2-propanol, and more preferably 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol. .
- 1, 3-dihalo-2-propanol are preferably carried out with a calculated molar excess of piperazine (as exemplified by n + 1 moles of piperazine for n moles of epihalohydrin or n moles of 1,3-dihalo-2-propanol in Figures 2 and 3) so as to obtain preferably a polymer whose chain ends have secondary amine functions.
- piperazine as exemplified by n + 1 moles of piperazine for n moles of epihalohydrin or n moles of 1,3-dihalo-2-propanol in Figures 2 and 3
- the polycondensation reaction produces one mole of hydrohalic acid (symbolized by HX in FIG. 2), for example hydrochloric acid when epichlorohydrin is used.
- This acid is neutralized with a base, for example soda or potash to lead to a salt.
- a base for example soda or potash to lead to a salt.
- sodium hydroxide and epichlorohydrin are used, for example, a by-product salt is obtained one mole of sodium chloride per mole of epichlorohydrin used.
- the salt is removed for example by washing or by filtration.
- the reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature between room temperature and 140 ° C.
- the reaction can be carried out in the absence or in the presence of a solvent or solvent mixture.
- a solvent may be, without being exhaustive, water, an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, an ether such as tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, diglyme, or any compound which advantageously solubilizes the reagents and the products of the reaction.
- a secondary amine function of piperazine can react with epihalohydrin to yield a halohydrin of formula (VI), for example a chlorohydrin.
- the chlorohydrin may: 1) either, under the action of a base, for example sodium hydroxide ( ⁇ NaOH in FIG. 3), give a compound of formula (VII) containing a cyclic glycidyl function by releasing a molecule of sodium chloride ( ⁇ NaX in Figure 4).
- the epoxide function generated in situ can react with a secondary amine function of a piperazine molecule to yield a 1,3-diamino-2-propanol structure of formula (VIII) (channel (a) in FIG. 4), (2) either react directly with a secondary amine function of a piperazine molecule to yield a 1,3-diamino-2-propanol structure of formula (VIII) (lane (b) in Figure 4).
- the polycondensation reaction produces two moles of hydrohalic acid (symbolized by HX in FIG. 3), for example hydrochloric acid when 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol is used.
- This acid is neutralized with a base, for example soda or potash, to lead to a salt.
- a base for example soda or potash
- sodium hydroxide and 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol are used, for example, two moles of sodium chloride are obtained as by-product salt. sodium per mole of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol used.
- the salt is removed for example by washing or by filtration
- the reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature between room temperature and 140 ° C.
- the reaction can be carried out in the absence or in the presence of a solvent or solvent mixture.
- a solvent may be, without being exhaustive, water, an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, an ether such as tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, diglyme, or any compound which advantageously solubilizes the reagents and the products of the reaction.
- the N-substituted mono-derivative of the piperazine of formula (XII) may be present from the beginning of the reaction between piperazine and epihalohydrin or 1,3-dihalo-2-propanol, or introduced during the reaction, or introduced after the reaction in a second step.
- the combination formed by piperazine and the N-substituted mono-derivative of piperazine are in molar excess relative to the other starting reagents, ie epihalohydrin or 1,3-dihalo-2-propanol.
- This second method of synthesis makes it possible to obtain compounds of general formula (I) in which the radical R 1 is different from a hydrogen atom, that is to say when the radical R 1 is an alkyl radical having between 1 and 8 carbon atoms or a hydroxyalkyl radical corresponding to the general formula (II) as described above.
- This second synthesis mode comprises:
- A2 of the first synthesis mode that is to say a polycondensation reaction between the piperazine of formula (III) and an epihalohydrin of formula (IV) preferentially epichlorohydrin (route A1 illustrated in FIG. 2), or a 1,3-dihalo-2-propanol of formula (XI) preferentially 1, 3 dichloro-2-propanol (route A2 illustrated in FIG. 3), to form at least one compound according to general formula (I) in which the radical R 1 is a hydrogen atom, ie a compound of general formula (V), and
- radical R 1 in which the radical R 1 is different from a hydrogen atom, that is to say in which, according to the definition of the general formula (I), the radical R 1 is an alkyl radical comprising between 1 and 8 carbon atoms or a hydroxyalkyl radical corresponding to the general formula
- the first reaction is carried out identically to that described for the A1 and A2 channels of the first synthesis mode.
- the third reagent of the second reaction which reacts with the compound of general formula (V) may be, without being exhaustive, an epoxide, an alkyl halide, an alcohol, an alkene.
- the radical R 1 of the general formula (I) of the product compound is a hydroxyalkyl radical corresponding to the general formula (II)
- the second reaction is carried out between the compound of general formula (V) and an epoxide.
- the second reaction is a condensation or addition reaction allowing the N-alkylation of the compound of general formula ( V), this type of reaction being well known to those skilled in the art. Without being exhaustive, it may be a condensation reaction with an alkyl halide, or a condensation reaction with an alcohol, or an addition reaction on an alkene.
- the molar mass or the degree of polymerization of the compound according to the general formula (I) depends on the molar ratio between the reagents piperazine, epihalohydrin or 1,3-dihalo-2- propanol, or even the N-substituted mono-derivative of piperazine.
- the steps of the different modes of synthesis are carried out under suitable conditions allowing the reactions described, that is to say the conditions for carrying out said chemical reaction, generally comprising a medium given reaction and given operating conditions (reaction time, temperature, catalysts, etc.).
- the compounds according to the invention can be used in various fields of chemistry, and can be advantageously used in the field of the treatment of industrial gas and natural gas.
- the present invention proposes to carry out a selective removal of H 2 S with respect to C0 2 from a gaseous effluent comprising H 2 S and C0 2 , by using an aqueous solution comprising a main amine and minus a nitrogen compound according to general formula (I).
- the solution is brought into contact with the gaseous effluent to selectively remove the H 2 S that it contains.
- polyamines according to the invention makes it possible, in combination with a tertiary tertiary amine or secondary amine, to obtain good performances in terms of selectivity of absorption of H 2 S with respect to C0 2 , in particular a selectivity more important than with aqueous solutions of reference amines such as N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), for a cyclic capacity for absorption of acid gases, in particular H 2 S, equivalent or greater.
- MDEA N-methyldiethanolamine
- the process comprises a step of absorption of the acidic compounds by bringing the effluent gas into contact with an absorbent solution comprising:
- secondary hindered amino function to designate a secondary amine function of a nitrogen compound, comprising two secondary carbons in position a and a 'of the nitrogen atom or at least one tertiary carbon in alpha or beta of the nitrogen atom.
- a tertiary carbon will be defined as a carbon atom bonded to three carbon atoms, and a secondary carbon as a carbon atom bonded to two carbon atoms.
- the main nitrogenous compound, or main amine is understood to mean the nitrogenous compound, comprising at least one tertiary amine function or a secondary amine function which is congested and does not correspond to the general formula (I).
- the mass concentration of the main compound in the absorbent solution is greater than that of the nitrogen compound according to the general formula (I). It is understood that in the case where there are several nitrogen compounds, main and / or annexes, it is the total mass concentration of said main nitrogen compounds which is greater than the mass concentration (total) of nitrogen compound (s). (s) annex (s).
- nitrogen-containing compound is understood to mean the polyamine corresponding to the general formula (I), obtained by reaction between a polyol diglycidyl ether and piperazine as described above.
- the nitrogen compound annexed according to general formula (I) is also called coamine in the present description.
- the annexed nitrogen compound has a total mass concentration lower than that of the main nitrogen compound, and has a viscosifying effect, that is to say that it has the effect of increasing the dynamic viscosity of the absorbent solution compared to the same one. solution without said nitrogen compound annexed.
- the absorbent solution preferably comprises:
- a mass fraction of main amine of between 5% and 95% by weight of the absorbent solution, preferably between 20 and 60% by weight,
- a mass fraction of water of between 3.5% and 94.5% by weight of the absorbent solution, preferably between 39.5% and 79.5% by weight,
- the mass fraction of the main amine being greater than that of the polyamines of general formula (I). If the absorbent solution comprises several main amines, and / or several coamines, the concentration ranges given refer to the total concentration of main amines and the total concentration of coamines.
- concentrations of the various compounds are expressed as percentages by weight of the absorbent solution in the present description.
- the sum of the mass fractions expressed in% by weight of the various compounds of the absorbent solution is equal to 100% by weight of the absorbent solution.
- the main nitrogenous compound is chosen from the group consisting of: N-methyldiethanolamine;
- di- (2-hydroxyalkyl) -monoamines from the list consisting of 1 - [(2-hydroxyethyl) methylamino] -2-methyl-2-propanol, 1,1 '- (methylimino) -bis- [2 -methyl-2-propanol], 2 - [(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl) amino] -2-methyl-1-propanol, 2 - [(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl) amino] -1 - butanol, bis (2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl) amine;
- N-alkyl-3-hydroxypiperidines and N-alkyl-4-hydroxypiperidines of the list consisting of N-methyl-4-hydroxy-piperidine, N-ethyl-3-hydroxypiperidine, N- methyl-3-hydroxy-piperidine;
- alkylaminopiperazines such as 1-methyl-4- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) piperazine, 1-ethyl-4- (diethylaminoethyl) piperazine.
- the absorbent solution may contain organic compounds that are non-reactive with respect to acidic compounds (commonly called “physical solvents”), which make it possible to increase the solubility of at least one or more acidic compounds of the gaseous effluent.
- organic compounds that are non-reactive with respect to acidic compounds (commonly called “physical solvents"), which make it possible to increase the solubility of at least one or more acidic compounds of the gaseous effluent.
- the absorbent solution may comprise between 5% and 50% by weight of physical solvent such as alcohols, ethers, ether alcohols, glycol ethers and polyethylene glycol ethers, glycol thioethers, esters and alkoxy esters of glycol and polyethylene glycol, glycerol esters, lactones, lactams, N-alkylated pyrrolidones, morpholine derivatives, morpholin-3-one, imidazoles and imidazolidinones, N-alkylated piperidones, cyclotetramethylenesulfones, N-alkylformamides, N-alkylacetamides, alkyl ketone ethers-ketones or alkyl phosphates and their derivatives.
- physical solvent such as alcohols, ethers, ether alcohols, glycol ethers and polyethylene glycol ethers, glycol thioethers, esters and alkoxy esters of glycol and polyethylene glycol,
- it may be methanol, ethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, benzyl alcohol, triethyleneglycoldimethylether, tetraethyleneglycoldimethylether, pentaethyleneglycoldimethylether, ⁇ hexaethyleneglycoldimethylether, ⁇ heptaethyleneglycoldimethylether, ⁇ -octaethyleneglycoldimethylether, diethylene glycol butoxyacetate, glycerol triacetate, sulfolane, N-methylpyrrolidone, N-methylmorpholin-3-one, N, N-dimethylformamide, N-formyl-morpholine, N, N-dimethylimidazolidin-2-one, N-methylimidazole, ethyleneglycol, diethyleneglycol, triethyleneglycol, thiodiglycol, propylene carbonate, tributylphosphate.
- Absorbent solutions comprising at least one nitrogen compound according to the invention can be used to deacidify the following gaseous effluents: natural gas, synthesis gases, refinery gases, acid gases from an amine unit, gases from a tail reduction unit of the Claus process, the biomass fermentation gases.
- gaseous effluents contain one or more of the following acidic compounds: C0 2 , H 2 S, mercaptans (for example methylmercaptan (CH 3 SH), ethylmercaptan (CH 3 CH 2 SH), propylmercaptan (CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 SH)), COS, CS 2 , SO 2 .
- the deacidification process using the compounds according to the invention may for example be used to deacidify a synthesis gas.
- the synthesis gas contains carbon monoxide CO, hydrogen H 2 (generally in a ratio H 2 / CO equal to 2), water vapor (generally at saturation at the temperature where the washing is carried out) and C0 2 (of the order of ten percents).
- the pressure is generally between 20 and 30 bar, but can reach up to 70 bar. It may also contain sulfur (H 2 S, COS, etc.), nitrogen (NH 3 , HCN) and halogenated impurities.
- the deacidification process using the compounds according to the invention can also be used to deacidify a natural gas.
- Natural gas consists mainly of gaseous hydrocarbons, but may contain several of the following acidic compounds: C0 2 , H 2 S, mercaptans, COS, CS 2 .
- the content of these acidic compounds is very variable and can be up to 70% by volume for C0 2 and up to 40% by volume for H 2 S.
- the temperature of the natural gas can be between 20 ° C. and 100 ° C.
- the pressure of the natural gas to be treated may be between 10 and 200 bar.
- the invention can be implemented to achieve specifications generally imposed on the deacidified gas, which are less than 2% of C0 2 , less than 4 ppm of H 2 S, and less than 50 ppm, or even less than 10 ppm , total sulfur volume.
- the method for selectively removing H 2 S from a CO 2 -containing effluent comprises a step of absorbing the acidic compounds H 2 S and CO 2 by bringing the gaseous effluent into contact with each other. with an absorbent solution according to the invention.
- the absorption step consists of bringing the gaseous effluent 1 into contact with the absorbent solution 4.
- the gaseous effluent 1 is introduced at the bottom of the absorption column C1, the absorbing solution is introduced at the head of column C1.
- Column C1 is provided with gas-liquid contacting means, for example loose packing, structured packing or distillation trays.
- the amine functions of the molecules of the absorbent solution react with the acidic compounds contained in the effluent, so as to obtain a gaseous effluent depleted in acidic compounds 2, in particular depleted in H 2 S and C0 2 , and discharged into head of column C1, and an absorbent solution enriched in these same acidic compounds 3 discharged at the bottom of column C1, to be preferably regenerated.
- the selective absorption step of the H 2 S can be carried out at a pressure in the absorption column C1 of between 1 bar and 200 bar, preferably between 20 bar and 100 bar for the treatment of a natural gas and at a temperature in the absorption column C1 of between 20 ° C. and 100 ° C., preferably between 30 ° C. and 90 ° C., or even between 30 ° C. and 60 ° C.
- the absorption step may be followed by a regeneration step of the absorbent solution enriched in acidic compounds, for example as shown diagrammatically in FIG.
- the regeneration step consists in particular in heating and, optionally, in expanding, the absorbent solution enriched in acidic compounds in order to release the acidic compounds in gaseous form.
- the absorbent solution enriched in acidic compounds 3 is introduced into the heat exchanger E1, where it is heated by the stream 6 from the regeneration column C2.
- the heated solution at the outlet of the exchanger E1 is introduced into the regeneration column C2.
- the regeneration column C2 is equipped with internal contacting between gas and liquid, for example trays, loose or structured packings.
- the bottom of column C2 is equipped with a reboiler R1 which provides the heat necessary for regeneration by vaporizing a fraction of the absorbent solution.
- the acid compounds are released in gaseous form and discharged at the top of the column C2 via the line 7.
- the solution regenerated absorbent 6, that is to say depleted in acidic compounds, is cooled in the exchanger E1.
- the cooled solution 4 is then recycled to the absorption column C1.
- the regeneration step of the process according to the invention can be carried out by thermal regeneration, optionally supplemented by one or more expansion steps.
- the absorbent solution enriched in acidic compounds 3 can be sent to a first expansion tank (not shown) before it passes through the heat exchanger E1.
- the expansion makes it possible to obtain a gas evacuated at the top of the flask containing most of the aliphatic hydrocarbons co-absorbed by the absorbing solution. This gas may optionally be washed with a fraction of the regenerated absorbent solution and the gas thus obtained may be used as a fuel gas.
- the expansion flask preferably operates at a pressure lower than that of the absorption column C1 and greater than that of the regeneration column C2. This pressure is generally set by the conditions of use of the fuel gas, and is typically of the order of 5 to 15 bar.
- the expansion flask operates at a temperature substantially identical to that of the absorbent solution obtained at the bottom of the absorption column C1.
- the regeneration can be carried out at a pressure in the column C2 of between 1 bar and 5 bar, or even up to 10 bar and at a temperature in the column C2 of between 100 ° C. and 180 ° C., preferably between 10 ° C. and 10 ° C. ° C and 170 ° C, more preferably between 110 ° C and 140 ° C.
- the regeneration temperature in the regeneration column C2 is between 155 ° C. and 180 ° C. in the case where it is desired reinject the acid gases.
- the regeneration temperature in the regeneration column C2 is between 1 ° C. and 130 ° C. in the cases where the acid gas is sent to the atmosphere or in a downstream treatment process, such as a Claus process. or a tail gas treatment process.
- the process according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the energy requirements for the regeneration of the absorbing solution, insofar as the improvement of the selectivity decreases the amount of C0 2 captured, the C0 2 absorption heat being generally between 50 and 80 kJ / mole.
- product according to the invention refers to any compound or mixture of compounds according to the invention.
- the water and the ethanol are then evaporated under reduced pressure and the medium is dissolved in 60 g of ethanol.
- the salt in suspension is removed by filtration and then, after evaporation under reduced pressure of the solvent, 23 g of a highly viscous product A are obtained, the amine function concentration of which is estimated at 14.2 mol / kg of product A. Amine concentration is estimated on the basis of the material balance.
- the water and the ethanol are then evaporated under reduced pressure and the medium is dissolved in 60 g of ethanol.
- the salt in suspension is removed by filtration and then, after evaporation under reduced pressure of the solvent, 13.3 g of a highly viscous product C are obtained, the concentration of which in amine functions is estimated at 12.9 mol / kg of product C.
- the concentration Amino function is estimated on the basis of the material balance.
- Example 4 absorption rate of CO? an amine formulation for a selective absorption process
- MDEA N-methyldiethanolamine
- the C0 2 absorption flux is measured by the aqueous absorbent solution in a closed reactor of the Lewis cell type. 200 g of solution are introduced into the closed reactor, regulated at a temperature of 45 ° C. Four successive injections of C0 2 are made from 100 to 200 mbar in the vapor phase of the reactor having a volume of 200 cm 3 . The gas phase and the liquid phase are respectively agitated at 100 revolutions / minute and at 120 revolutions / minute, and are entirely characterized from the hydrodynamic point of view. For each injection, the rate of C0 2 absorption is measured by variation of pressure in the gas phase. An overall transfer coefficient Kg is thus determined by an average of the results obtained on the four injections.
- the dynamic viscosity of the various amine solutions at 45 ° C. is obtained using an automatic viscometer of the LOVIS 2000M type from Anton Paar, operating according to the principle of the Hoepler viscometer.
- the viscosity is deduced from the measurement of the falling time of a steel ball in a capillary diameter 1, 59 mm (main range 1 to 20 mPa.s, extended range 0.3 to 90 mPa.s) inclined at various angles according to DIN 53015 and ISO 12058, as well as the density measurement of amine solutions obtained on an Anton Paar DMA 4100 densimeter at 45 ° C.
- product weight A (according to the invention 50,75 4,55 7,4 0,69)
- the quantities of acid gas absorbed in the aqueous amine solution are then deducted from the temperature and pressure measurements by means of material and volume balances.
- the solubilities are conventionally represented in the form of H 2 S partial pressures (in bar) as a function of the loading rate in H 2 S (in mol of H 2 S / kg of absorbing solution and in mol of H 2 S / mol of MDEA).
- the partial H 2 S pressures encountered in the acid gases are typically between 0.1 and 1 bar at a temperature of 40 ° C.
- the H 2 S loading rates obtained at 40 ° C. for various H 2 S partial pressures between the MDEA absorbent solution at 50 are compared in Table 2 below. % weight and the absorbent solution according to the invention.
- the absorption capacity of the aqueous solution of MDEA and of product A according to the invention is equivalent to or greater than that of the MDEA solution. reference.
- the absorbent solution according to the invention has an equivalent or greater H 2 S absorption capacity than the reference aqueous MDEA solution, in the range of partial H 2 S pressures between 0, 1 and 1 bar, corresponding to a range of partial pressure representative of the usual industrial conditions.
- the absorption of C0 2 is slower in the aqueous solution according to the invention than in a reference aqueous solution of MDEA.
- the absorption capacity in H 2 S of the absorbent solutions according to the invention with respect to the reference MDEA solutions is equivalent or greater for a H 2 S partial pressure of 0.1 - 1 bar, as illustrated in FIG. this example.
- the exemplified product according to the invention is particularly advantageous for improving the absorption selectivity of H 2 S with respect to C0 2 and for reducing the flow rates of absorbent solution to be used on applications of selective deacidification (H 2 S relative to CO 2 ), i.e. absorb a given flow rate of H 2 S while reducing the co-absorbed CO 2 flow rate relative to the reference MDEA absorbent solution.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
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CA3063860A CA3063860A1 (fr) | 2017-06-09 | 2018-05-28 | Nouvelles polyamines, leur procede de synthese et leur utilisation pour l'elimination selective de l'h2s d'un effluent gazeux comprenant du co2 |
EP18725865.2A EP3645605A1 (fr) | 2017-06-09 | 2018-05-28 | Nouvelles polyamines, leur procede de synthese et leut utilisation pour l'elimination selective de l'h2s d'un effluent gazeux comprenant du co2 |
RU2019143478A RU2019143478A (ru) | 2017-06-09 | 2018-05-28 | Новые полиамины, способ их синтеза и их применение для селективного удаления h2s из газовых потоков, содержащих co2 |
US16/620,078 US11136434B2 (en) | 2017-06-09 | 2018-05-28 | Polyamines, synthesis method thereof and use thereof for the selective elimination of H2S from a gaseous effluent comprising CO2 |
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FR1755176 | 2017-06-09 | ||
FR1755176A FR3067352B1 (fr) | 2017-06-09 | 2017-06-09 | Nouvelles polyamines, leur procede de synthese et leur utilisation pour l'elimination selective de l'h2s d'un effluent gazeux comprenant du co2 |
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US (1) | US11136434B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3645605A1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA3063860A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3067352B1 (fr) |
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JP7561744B2 (ja) | 2019-02-18 | 2024-10-04 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | 酸性ガスを流体ストリームから、ピペラジン環を含む液体吸収剤で除去する方法 |
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ES2877641T3 (es) * | 2017-02-10 | 2021-11-17 | Basf Se | Proceso para la remoción de gases ácidos de una corriente de fluido y los correspondientes usos |
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- 2017-06-09 FR FR1755176A patent/FR3067352B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2018-05-28 RU RU2019143478A patent/RU2019143478A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2018-05-28 WO PCT/EP2018/063969 patent/WO2018224350A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2018-05-28 CA CA3063860A patent/CA3063860A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2018-05-28 US US16/620,078 patent/US11136434B2/en active Active
- 2018-05-28 EP EP18725865.2A patent/EP3645605A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
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Cited By (1)
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JP7561744B2 (ja) | 2019-02-18 | 2024-10-04 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | 酸性ガスを流体ストリームから、ピペラジン環を含む液体吸収剤で除去する方法 |
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RU2019143478A (ru) | 2021-07-12 |
CA3063860A1 (fr) | 2018-12-13 |
US20200148824A1 (en) | 2020-05-14 |
US11136434B2 (en) | 2021-10-05 |
FR3067352B1 (fr) | 2020-11-06 |
RU2019143478A3 (fr) | 2021-09-07 |
FR3067352A1 (fr) | 2018-12-14 |
EP3645605A1 (fr) | 2020-05-06 |
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