WO2018223312A1 - 以蒸馏水作为船舶压载水的生成系统、船舶及其操作方法 - Google Patents

以蒸馏水作为船舶压载水的生成系统、船舶及其操作方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018223312A1
WO2018223312A1 PCT/CN2017/087439 CN2017087439W WO2018223312A1 WO 2018223312 A1 WO2018223312 A1 WO 2018223312A1 CN 2017087439 W CN2017087439 W CN 2017087439W WO 2018223312 A1 WO2018223312 A1 WO 2018223312A1
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Prior art keywords
water
distilled water
ballast
hull
ship
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PCT/CN2017/087439
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English (en)
French (fr)
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吕坤土
雷汉杰
陈镇东
刘莉莲
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吕坤土
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Priority to PCT/CN2017/087439 priority Critical patent/WO2018223312A1/zh
Publication of WO2018223312A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018223312A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/16—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using waste heat from other processes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to ship and ballast water treatment; in particular to a generation system using distilled water as ballast water, a ship and a method of operating the same.
  • ballast water into the ballast tank of the ship to adjust the water consumption of the hull, the longitudinal and lateral balance of the hull and the adjustment of the ship's weight by appropriate amount of ballast water.
  • the draft of the propeller of the ship can be adjusted to reduce the hull vibration caused by the wake of the ship as much as possible to maintain good Power propulsion efficiency.
  • ballast water Most of the existing technologies directly extract water from local waters or driving areas as ballast water, and while extracting ballast water, they also bring aquatic organisms in the waters (including: fish, invertebrates, plants). (including aquatic and amphibious), zooplankton, phytoplankton, algae, bacteria, viruses, microorganisms, and even eggs, spores, seeds, etc. of these species, as well as related substances (such as pollutants, heavy metals) in water or dissolved in water. And load it into the ballast water tank until it is needed (for example, the end of the voyage), and then discharge the ballast water to the water where the hull is located.
  • the waters in which the hull is located cause some ecological or environmental problems.
  • the problems include: (1) Invasion of aquatic organisms (ie, exotic species) into the local waters, causing local ecosystems to be threatened or destroyed by exotic species; Bacteria or viruses in one water area are discharged into another water area by discharging ballast water, which may lead to large-scale infectious disease outbreaks, etc.
  • the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ballast Water and Sediments of Ships aims to prevent, reduce or even eliminate the above-mentioned ecological and environmental conditions caused by the discharge of ballast water by managing and controlling the ballast water and sediments of ships. Human health and life issues.
  • ballast water in order to control exotic species, there are various ways to remove organisms in ballast water, for example, by filtering, filtering aquatic organisms, bacteria, etc., or killing aquatic organisms by means of administration, or using ultraviolet rays. Irradiation, deoxidation, ultrasonic vibration and other methods will kill aquatic organisms and bacteria. However, the above methods cannot effectively block or kill various aquatic organisms, and some methods (such as administration) may cause other environmental problems. In addition, in the construction of the ballast water treatment equipment, there is also a problem of inconvenient use and high cost, and there is room for improvement.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a system for generating ship water ballast water, a ship and a method for operating the same, which avoids and solves the problems described in the prior art, and has an easy-to-use and friendly environment. And the cost is relatively lower than other methods of treating ballast water, and at the same time can reduce the corrosion of ballast tanks.
  • the present invention provides a system for generating distilled water as a ballast water for a ship, comprising: an extracting device for extracting a water body in a water area of the hull; a distilled water making device, and the extracting The device is connected to receive the water body extracted by the extracting device for distillation treatment to form distilled water; and a ballast water tank connected with the distilled water water generating device The ballast water tank is used for accommodating the distilled water as ballast water to adjust the draft and stability of the hull.
  • the present invention further provides a ship comprising: a hull; an extracting device disposed on the hull for extracting a water body in a water area of the hull; and a distilled water making device disposed at the ship
  • the hull is connected to the extraction device for receiving the water body extracted by the extraction device for distillation treatment to form distilled water; and a ballast water tank disposed in the hull to make water with the distilled water
  • the device is connected, and the ballast water tank is used for accommodating the distilled water as ballast water to adjust the draft and stability of the hull.
  • the present invention also provides a method of operating a ship having a production system using distilled water as a ship ballast water, the ship including a hull and a distilled water generating system disposed on the hull, the distilled water
  • the generating system comprises an extracting device, a distilled water making device and a ballast water tank, comprising the steps of: A, extracting the water body of the water body of the hull by using the extracting device; B, using the distilled water making device Distilling the water body extracted in step A to produce distilled water; C, injecting the distilled water generated in step B into the ballast water tank to constitute ballast water of the ballast water tank, thereby Adjusting the draft and stability of the hull.
  • the effect of the present invention is that the distilled water produced by the distillation of the extracted water body through the distillation water making device can be used as the ballast water of the ship, and can effectively avoid the existing use of the hull draft and stability. Points (1) and (2) described in the technology are related to ecological, environmental and human health issues.
  • the distilled water making device according to the present invention includes a power machine capable of generating water by using heat generated by a ship or waste heat.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a ship according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a flow chart showing the operation method of the ship of the above embodiment.
  • 3A and 3B are diagrams showing the relationship between fuel consumption and water production of a ship.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a ship according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • a ship 100 includes a hull 10 and a ballast water generating system.
  • the ballast water generating system includes a pumping device 20 , a distilled water water generating device 30 , and A ballast tank 40. among them:
  • the extraction device 20 is disposed on the hull 10 for extracting a water body.
  • the extraction device 20 may include a water pump for extracting water bodies of the vessel 100 in the navigational waters, wherein the water bodies may include, but are not limited to, river water, lake water or sea water depending on the sailing waters.
  • the vessel 100 is navigating on the ocean, and the extraction device 20 can be used to extract seawater for utilization.
  • the distilled water making device 30 is disposed on the hull 10 and connected to the extracting device 20 for receiving the water body extracted by the extracting device 20 for distillation treatment to form distilled water.
  • a cooling device (not shown) may be disposed between the distilled water making device 30 and the extracting device 20, and the cooling device may be used for the main body, mechanical equipment and/or the hull 10.
  • the power system or the like performs cooling.
  • the cooling device may include a connected pipeline and a heat exchanger connected to the apparatus and the power system, and the water body extracted by the extraction device 20 may be transported through the pipeline.
  • the cooling device is coupled to a power system cooperating fresh water cooler in the hull 10 and cools the fresh water cooling water of the fresh water cooler by delivering cold sea water, ie, to cool
  • the sea water exchanges heat with the high temperature fresh water cooling water of the fresh water cooler, and then the power system is cooled by the fresh water cooler to guide the waste heat generated by the power system, and the waste heat may be utilized
  • the seawater is heated, and the heated seawater is used by the distilled water fresh water generator 30 to achieve the purpose of recovering and recycling the waste heat generated by the ship, and reducing the energy loss of the distilled water fresh water generator 30.
  • the power system may include, but is not limited to, a diesel engine.
  • the distilled water making device may also be equipped with a heating function for heating the water body extracted by the extracting device without increasing the temperature of the recovered waste heat.
  • the distilled water making unit 30 includes an evaporation chamber and a condensation chamber (not shown).
  • the evaporation chamber is for receiving seawater extracted by the extraction device 20 for evaporation of the seawater to generate water vapor, and the water vapor is introduced into the condensation chamber to be cooled to generate distilled water.
  • the evaporation chamber may be evacuated to generate a low air pressure, and the evaporation chamber is maintained in a near vacuum or vacuum-like environment to reduce the The boiling point of seawater increases the rate of evaporation of seawater entering the evaporation chamber.
  • the user can detect whether the seawater evaporation process is normal or smooth by detecting the change of the vacuum degree of the evaporation chamber, and can monitor and control the distillation efficiency of the distilled water water generating device according to the method.
  • the heated seawater obtained by cooling the power system or the like may be sent to the distilled water fresh water generator 30 for distillation treatment, wherein the operation based on the distilled water fresh water generator 30 is performed.
  • the temperature requirement is such that the temperature of the warmed seawater fed is not to exceed the operating temperature.
  • the operating temperature of the distilled water freshwater generating device 30 is assumed to be between 50 ° C and 85 ° C. Meanwhile, before the seawater is transported to the distilled water fresh water generating device 30, it is preferred to control the temperature of the heated seawater to not exceed 85 ° C to maintain the stability of the water making process or the distillation process.
  • the distilled water making device may use a water machine of the SASAKURA's model VA-100, but is not limited thereto. Other types of distilled water making devices can also be used in other applications.
  • the ballast water tank 40 is disposed in the hull 10 and connected to the distilled water making device 30 for accommodating the distilled water generated by the distilled water making device 30 as ballast water to adjust the hull 10 water intake and stability.
  • the ballast water tank 40 may be one or more.
  • at least one pressure for containing the distilled water as the ballast water is respectively disposed in the front, middle and rear sections of the hull. Water tank, but in other applications, it is not limited to this.
  • the water body is extracted by the extracting device 20, for example, the ship 100 in the present embodiment is sailed in each.
  • an ocean-going tugboat between seas may start the extraction device 20 to extract seawater in the sea area where the vessel 100 is located when the vessel 100 is sailing in a certain sea area.
  • the ship 100 sails in a river such as a river or a river, or in a lake area such as a freshwater lake or a lagoon, it may also extract local river water or lake water.
  • the water body includes, but is not limited to, sea water. River water or lake water.
  • the water body extracted by the extraction device 20 is sent to the distilled water water generator 30 for distillation treatment to generate distilled water.
  • the extracted seawater is cooled and cooled by the aforementioned cooling device to the power system of the ship, and the heated seawater in the cooling device is sent to the distilled water making device 30 to pass the distilled water making device.
  • 30 seawater is distilled to form the distilled water.
  • the generated distilled water can be injected into each ballast water tank 40 via a pipeline to serve as ballast water of the ballast tank 40, so that the hull can be adjusted by ballast water in the ballast tank 40.
  • the amount of water and stability can be injected into each ballast water tank 40 via a pipeline to serve as ballast water of the ballast tank 40, so that the hull can be adjusted by ballast water in the ballast tank 40. The amount of water and stability.
  • the present invention can inject the amount of distilled water generated by the distilled water fresh water generating device 30, and/or the distilled water generated by the distilled water fresh water generating device 30 into the ballast water tank.
  • the amount of water entering 40 is controlled.
  • the amount of distilled water injected into the ballast water tank 40 by the distilled water produced by the distilled water fresh water generating device 30 may be adjusted according to the fuel consumption of the vessel 100 during navigation, wherein the manner of the above adjustment is
  • the average fuel consumption of the vessel 100 may be counted first to calculate the amount of water in which the distilled water is injected into the ballast tank 40, so that the distilled water making device 30 injects the ballast for a period of time.
  • the amount of distilled water of the water tank 40 does not exceed the fuel consumption of the vessel 100 during the period of time; and preferably, the amount of distilled water injected into the ballast tank 40 during the period of time is The ratio of the fuel consumption of the vessel 100 over the period of time is between between.
  • the ballast tank 40 of the vessel 100 has a water carrying capacity of 420 tons, and the distilled water making device 30 used by the vessel 100 can generate
  • the amount of distilled water is 5-20 tons/day, wherein the fuel consumption of the ship 100 is 15 tons/day.
  • the distilled water fresh water generating device 30 is injected into the ballast water tank 40 daily.
  • the amount of distilled water in the range is between 5 and 15 tons, and the excess distilled water can be discharged outside the hull 10 or used as domestic water on board. For example, please refer to FIG. 3A.
  • distilled water generated by the distilled water fresh water generating device can be injected into the ballast water tank at a water injection rate of 5 tons/day until about 84 days, the ballast.
  • the water tank 40 is fully loaded, and the distilled water making device 30 can stop the water production; please, as shown in FIG. 3B, the distilled water produced by the distilled water water generating device can be injected into the ballast water tank at a water injection rate of 15 tons/day.
  • the ballast water tank 40 is fully loaded, and the distilled water making device 30 can stop the water production.
  • the ratio of the amount of water of the distilled water injected into the ballast water tank 40 over a period of time to the fuel consumption of the vessel 100 during the period of time is selected.
  • the advantage between the two is that the ship 100 can be kept under proper load conditions, so that good propulsion efficiency can be obtained.
  • the amount of distilled water is returned to the ballast water.
  • the amount of distilled water to be replenished does not exceed the fuel consumption to avoid overloading the hull and reducing navigation efficiency.
  • fuel consumption, water production, and water injection may also be non-quantitative designs, and are not limited to the above description.
  • the invention distills the water body into distilled water through the distilled water water generating device, and then the distilled water is injected into the ballast water tank as the ballast water of the ship, thereby effectively preventing the water biological, the bacterial pathogen and the ballast water entering the ship through the ballast water.
  • the problem of spreading around the cabin can prevent foreign species from invading the local environment and destroying the ecological and food chain problems.
  • the distilled water obtained by distillation is used as ballast water, which is less corrosive than the direct use of seawater as ballast water, and has less damage to the hull of the hull, thereby prolonging the service life of the hull and reducing the maintenance cost. And so on.
  • ballast water especially fresh water obtained by distillation as ballast water, which is basically a pure, impurity-free, bacteria-like water body. When discharged, it is very friendly to the environment and does not affect the environment. Cause damage.
  • the distilled water making device 30 includes an evaporation chamber 32 and a condensation chamber 34.
  • the evaporation chamber 34 is for receiving seawater extracted by the extraction device 20 for evaporation of the seawater to generate water vapor, and the water vapor is introduced into the condensation chamber 34 and condensed and cooled to generate Distilled water is formed, and the generated distilled water may be temporarily stored in a storage tank 50, and distilled water is distributed from the storage tank 50 to each ballast tank 40.
  • an adjustment device 60 may be disposed between each of the ballast water tanks 40 and the distilled water water generating device 30, and the adjustment device 60 may be controlled to adjust the injection of the distilled water water generating device 30 into the ballast water tank 40.
  • the amount of water of distilled water may include a water storage tank 50 and a ballast water tank.
  • An inter-water valve is controlled to regulate the flow of distilled water from the water storage tank 50 into the ballast water tank 40.
  • the adjusting device 60 can be connected with one or more detecting devices (not shown), which can be used to detect the fuel consumption of the ship, the amount of distilled water produced by the distilled water making device 30, and the like.
  • the device 60 can control the amount of distilled water of the distilled water making device injected into the ballast water tank for a period of time according to the fuel consumption of the ship.
  • the amount of distilled water injected during the period of time is not Exceeding the fuel consumption of the vessel during the period of time.
  • a condensing device 70 may be added to the ballast tank 40 for condensing and collecting moisture in the air to generate condensed water for delivery to the ballast tank 40 for storage.
  • the condensed water produced by the condensing device 70 can be delivered to the water storage tank 50 or another water storage tank and redistributed into any of the ballast water tanks to Used as ballast water.
  • the ship of the present invention can be applied to sea vessels (such as ocean-going vessels, strait boats, coastal vessels, polar-ship vessels, etc.), harbor vessels, and riverboats.
  • sea vessels such as ocean-going vessels, strait boats, coastal vessels, polar-ship vessels, etc.
  • harbor vessels such as ocean-going vessels, strait boats, coastal vessels, polar-ship vessels, etc.
  • riverboats such as riverboats.
  • the ship of the present invention can be applied to a transport ship, an engineering ship, a work ship, a fishing ship, etc., but not limited thereto, and equivalent changes made by applying the specification and claims of the present invention, It should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)

Abstract

一种以蒸馏水作为船舶压载水的生成系统、船舶及其操作方法，船舶（100）包含有一船体（10）以及包括有一抽取装置（20）、一蒸馏水造水装置（30）以及一压载水舱（40）的生成系统。其操作方法包括有：利用抽取装置（20）抽取水体；利用蒸馏水造水装置（30）对所抽取的水体进行蒸馏处理，以生成蒸馏水；将所生成的蒸馏水注入压载水舱（40），以作为压载水舱（40）的压载水，调节船体的平衡及吃水量。由此，通过以蒸馏处理后所得的蒸馏水作为压载水，有效避免了外来物种通过压载水进入船舶，对环境友好。

Description

以蒸馏水作为船舶压载水的生成系统、船舶及其操作方法 技术领域
本发明与船舶及压载水处理有关；特别是指一种以蒸馏水作为压载水的生成系统、船舶及其操作方法。
背景技术
已知为了保持船舶的平衡与载重，通常需要加载压载水至船舶的压载水舱中，以通过适量的压载水来调节船体的吃水量、船体纵向及横向的平衡以及调整船体重心等，以确保船舶在航行过程中的稳定性与安全性，除此之外，还可调节船舶的螺旋桨的吃水深度，以将船舶的尾波所引发的船体震动尽可能地降低，以保持良好的动力推进效率。
现有的技术大多是直接抽取当地水域或行驶区域的水体作为压载水，而在抽取压载水的同时，也会将所述水域的水中生物(包括有：鱼类、无脊椎动物、植物(包括水生及水陆两栖)、浮游动物、浮游植物、藻类、细菌、病毒、微生物，甚至这些物种的卵、孢子、种子等，以及在水中或溶于水中的相关物质(例如污染物、重金属)，一并装载至压载水舱中，直到需要时(例如:航程结束)，再将压载水排放至当时船体所在的水域。同时，生存于压载水中的生物，将一并被排放至船体所在的水域，造成一些生态或环境上的问题。其问题包括：(1)外地的水中生物(即外来种)入侵至当地水域，导致当地的生态系统受到外来种的威胁或破坏；(2)把一水域的细菌或病毒，以排放压载水方式，排放到另一水域，因此或会导致大规模的传染性疾病爆发…等等。而随着 世界各国航运事业的发展，每年有超过百亿吨的压载水通过远洋船舶在全世界海域转移，导致上述情况日益严重。
因此，为了控制与防止外来水中生物对生态或环境的影响，以及控制与防止细菌、病毒…等相关微生物因排放船舶的压载水而四处传播，国际海事组织(IMO)在2004年通过了《国际船舶压载水和沉积物控制和管理公约》，旨在通过对船舶的压载水以及沉积物的管理与控制，来防止、减少甚至消除上述因排放压载水所造成的生态、环境以及人类健康与生活的问题。
其中，为防治外来种，有各种去除压载水水中生物的方式，例如以过滤的方式处理，将水生生物、细菌等滤除，或以投药的方式将水生生物杀灭，或是使用紫外线照射、脱氧、超声波震荡等方式将水生生物、细菌杀灭。然而，上述方法一来不能有效地阻挡或杀灭各种水生生物，有些方法(例如投药)还会造成其他环境问题。除此之外，在压载水处理设备的建置上，也存在着使用不便、成本高的问题，而有改善的空间。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种以蒸馏水作为船舶压载水的生成系统、船舶及其操作方法，以避免及解决现有技术中所述及的问题，且具有使用方便、友善环境，以及成本相对较其他处理压载水方法低廉，同时能降低压载水舱腐蚀的优点。
为了达到上述目的，本发明提供一种以蒸馏水作为船舶压载水的生成系统，其包括有：一抽取装置，用以抽取所述船体所在水域的水体；一蒸馏水造水装置，与所述抽取装置连接，用以接收所述抽取装置所抽取的水体进行蒸馏处理，以形成蒸馏水；以及一压载水舱，与所述蒸馏水造水装置连 接，所述压载水舱用以容置所述蒸馏水作为压载水，以调节所述船体的吃水量及稳定性。
为了达到上述目的，本发明另提供一种船舶，其包括有：一船体；一抽取装置，设置于所述船体，用以抽取所述船体所在水域的水体；一蒸馏水造水装置，设置于所述船体，并与所述抽取装置连接，用以接收所述抽取装置所抽取的水体进行蒸馏处理，以形成蒸馏水；以及一压载水舱，设置于所述船体中，与所述蒸馏水造水装置连接，所述压载水舱用以容置所述蒸馏水作为压载水，以调节所述船体的吃水量及稳定性。
为了达到上述目的，本发明还提供一种具有以蒸馏水作为船舶压载水的生成系统的船舶的操作方法，所述船舶包括有一船体以及设置于所述船体上的一蒸馏水生成系统，所述蒸馏水生成系统包括有一抽取装置、一蒸馏水造水装置以及一压载水舱，其包含有以下步骤：A、利用所述抽取装置抽取所述船体所在水域的水体；B、利用所述蒸馏水造水装置对步骤A所抽取的所述水体进行蒸馏处理，以生成蒸馏水；C、将步骤B所生成的所述蒸馏水注入所述压载水舱，以构成所述压载水舱的压载水，从而调节所述船体的吃水量及稳定性。
本发明的效果在于，将抽取的水体经过蒸馏水造水装置的蒸馏处理后所生成的蒸馏水作为船舶的压载水，除可作为调节船体吃水及稳定性之用以外，还可有效地避免现有技术中所述的第(1)、(2)点关于生态、环境及人类健康等相关问题。本发明所述的蒸馏水造水装置，包括能利用船舶产生的热或废热进行造水的动力机器。
附图说明
图1为本发明的一实施例的船舶的示意图。
图2为上述实施例的船舶的操作方法的流程图。
图3A、3B为船舶的油耗与造水量的关系图。
图4为本发明的另一实施例的船舶的示意图。
附图标记说明如下：
100 船舶
10 船体
20 抽取装置
30 蒸馏水造水装置
32 蒸发室
34 冷凝室
40 压载水舱
50 储水舱
60 调节装置
70 冷凝装置
具体实施方式
为能更清楚地说明本发明，现举一较佳实施例并配合附图详细说明如下。请参图1所示，为本发明一实施例的船舶100，其包括一船体10以及一压载水生成系统，所述压载水生成系统包括有一抽取装置20、一蒸馏水造水装置30以及一压载水舱40。其中：
所述抽取装置20设置于所述船体10上，用以抽取水体。举例来说，所述抽取装置20可包含有一抽水泵，用以抽取所述船舶100在航行水域的水体，其中所述水体根据航行水域的不同可包含有但不限于河水、湖水或海水。例如，在本实施例中，所述船舶100航行在海洋上，所述抽取装置20便可用以抽取海水进行利用。
所述蒸馏水造水装置30设置于所述船体10上，并与所述抽取装置20连接，用以接收所述抽取装置20所抽取的水体进行蒸馏处理，以形成蒸馏水。此外，在一实施例中，还可设置有一冷却装置(图未示)连接于蒸馏水造水装置30以及抽取装置20之间，所述冷却装置可用以对船体10内主机、机械设备及/或动力系统等进行冷却，例如，所述冷却装置可包含有相连通的管路与热交换器连接至上述的设备与动力系统，并可通过所述管路输送所述抽取装置20所抽取的水体通过所述热交换器对上述的设备与动力系统进行热交换，从而对上述的设备与动力系统进行冷却，同时还可将上述设备、动力系统所产生的废热进行回收再利用。举例来说，在一实施例中，所述冷却装置连接至船体10中的一动力系统配合的淡水冷却器，并通过输送冷海水来冷却所述淡水冷却器的淡水冷却水，即，以冷海水对淡水冷却器的高温淡水冷却水进行热交换，再由淡水冷却器对所述动力系统进行冷却，以将所述动力系统所产生的废热导离，同时还可利用所述废热对所述海水进行升温，并且已升温的海水可供所述蒸馏水造水装置30使用，从而达到将船舶所产生的废热进行回收再利用的目的，并降低所述蒸馏水造水装置30的能源损耗。其中，在一实施例中，所述的动力系统可包括有但不限于柴油发动机。另外，在一实施例中，所述蒸馏水造水装置也可配备有加热功能，用以对所述抽取装置所抽取的水体进行加热，而不以回收废热进行升温为限。
在本实施例中，所述蒸馏水造水装置30包括有一蒸发室以及一冷凝室(图未示)。所述蒸发室中是供接收所述抽取装置20所抽取的海水，以供所述海水进行蒸发以产生水蒸气，而所述水蒸气导入所述冷凝室中经过冷却以生成蒸馏水。
值得一提的是，为提升海水蒸发效率，在一实施例中，可对所述蒸发室抽真空以产生低气压，使所述蒸发室保持于近真空或类真空环境下，以降低所述海水的沸点，提升进入所述蒸发室的海水的蒸发速度。使用者可通过侦测所述蒸发室的真空度的变化，以了解海水蒸发过程是否正常或顺利等，并可根据此来对蒸馏水造水装置的蒸馏效率进行监测与控制。
此外，在一实施例中，也可将用以对动力系统等设备进行冷却而得到的已升温的海水送入所述蒸馏水造水装置30进行蒸馏处理，其中，基于蒸馏水造水装置30的工作温度的要求，需控制所送入的已升温的海水温度不得超过其工作温度，举例来说，在一实施例中，假定所述蒸馏水造水装置30的工作温度介于50℃至85℃之间，那么在将海水输送至蒸馏水造水装置30之前，较佳的是控制所述已升温的海水的温度不超过85℃，以维持其造水制程或蒸馏制程的稳定性。除此之外，若输送管路中海水的温度过高时，则可能部分海水已在管内开始汽化，而有管路爆裂的潜在危险，因此，在实践中，对输入蒸馏水造水装置之前或之后的海水温度进行控制，是维持整体系统稳定性及安全性的必要考虑之一。
此外，在一实施例中，所述的蒸馏水造水装置可使用笹仓式(SASAKURA’s)型号VA-100的造水机，但不以此为限。在其他应用上，也可使用其他种类的蒸馏水造水装置。
所述压载水舱40设置于所述船体10中，与所述蒸馏水造水装置30连接，用以容置所述蒸馏水造水装置30所生成的蒸馏水作为压载水，以调节所述船体10的吃水量以及稳定性。实践中，所述的压载水舱40可为一个或一个以上，例如本实施例中，在船体的前、中、后段分别设置有至少一用以容纳所述蒸馏水作为压载水的压载水舱，但在其他应用上，并不以此为限。
在后说明本发明具有压载水生成系统的船舶100的操作方法，请配合图2所示，首先，利用所述抽取装置20抽取水体，例如在本实施例中的船舶100是以航行在各海域间的远洋拖船为例，当所述船舶100航行在某地海域时，则可启动所述抽取装置20抽取船舶100所在海域的海水。此外，假设船舶100航行在如江、河等河域时，或是淡水湖、咸水湖等湖域时，也可抽取现地的河水或湖水，换言之，所述的水体包含有但不限于海水、河水或湖水。
接着，将抽取装置20所抽取的水体输送至蒸馏水造水装置30进行蒸馏处理，以生成蒸馏水。例如，在本实施例中，将抽取的海水经由前述的冷却装置对船舶的动力系统进行降温冷却，将冷却装置内已升温的海水输送至蒸馏水造水装置30，以通过所述蒸馏水造水装置30对海水进行蒸馏以生成所述蒸馏水。
接着，便可将所生成的蒸馏水经由管路注入各压载水舱40，以作为所述压载水舱40的压载水，从而可通过压载水舱40内的压载水来调节船体的吃水量以及稳定性。
值得一提的是，为使船舶保持在较佳的航行效率，本发明可对蒸馏水造水装置30所生成的蒸馏水量，及/或对蒸馏水造水装置30所生成的蒸馏水注入压载水舱40的入水量进行控制。举例来说，在一实施例中，可根据所述 船舶100航行时的油耗量调节蒸馏水造水装置30所生成的蒸馏水注入所述压载水舱40的入水量，其中，关于上述调节的方式，在一实施例中，可先行统计所述船舶100的平均油耗量，用以计算蒸馏水注入压载水舱40的入水量，使得所述蒸馏水造水装置30在一段时间内注入所述压载水舱40的蒸馏水的水量不超过所述船舶100在所述一段时间内的油耗量；且较佳的是，在所述一段时间内注入所述压载水舱40的蒸馏水的水量与所述船舶100在所述一段时间内的油耗量的比值介于
Figure PCTCN2017087439-appb-000001
之间。
举例来说，假定所述船舶100的油舱载有1500吨的燃油，所述船舶100的压载水舱40的载水量为420吨，所述船舶100所使用的蒸馏水造水装置30可生成的蒸馏水量为5～20吨/日，其中，所述船舶100的油耗为15吨/日，在一情况下，较佳的是，所述蒸馏水造水装置30每日注入压载水舱40内的蒸馏水水量介于5～15吨的范围内，多余的蒸馏水则可排出船体10之外，或者作为船上的生活用水。例如：请配合图3A所示，在一实施例中，可以以5吨/日的注水速率将蒸馏水造水装置生成的蒸馏水注入压载水舱中，直到约在第84天时，所述压载水舱40呈满载，所述蒸馏水造水装置30则可停止造水；请配合图3B所示，可以以15吨/日的注水速率将蒸馏水造水装置生成的蒸馏水注入压载水舱中，直到约在第28天时，所述压载水舱40呈满载，所述蒸馏水造水装置30则可停止造水。
其中，选择以上述在一段时间内注入所述压载水舱40的蒸馏水的水量与所述船舶100于所述一段时间内的油耗量的比值介于
Figure PCTCN2017087439-appb-000002
之间的好处在于，可保持船舶100在适当载重条件下航行，从而获得良好的推进效率，简言 之，在船舶每日持续耗油的同时，一并补回适量的蒸馏水量至压载水舱中，但较佳的是回补的蒸馏水量不超过油耗量，以免船体过载而降低航行效率。另外，在其他实际应用上，油耗量、造水量以及注水量也可为非定量的设计，而不以上述说明为限。
本发明通过蒸馏水造水装置将水体蒸馏为蒸馏水，再将蒸馏水作为船舶的压载水注入压载水舱的方式，可有效地防止水生物、细菌病原体等通过压载水进入船舶的压载水舱而四处传播的问题，从而可防止外来种入侵当地环境破坏生态、食物链的问题产生。此外，将蒸馏所得的蒸馏水作为压载水，相较于直接使用海水作为压载水而言，其腐蚀性较低，对于船体的骨架破坏较小，从而可得到延长船体使用寿命、降低维修成本等效果。此外，以蒸馏水作为压载水，特别是以蒸馏所得的淡水作为压载水，基本上属于纯净、无杂质、细菌的水体，在排放时，对环境是非常友善的，不会对排放地环境造成破坏。
此外，请参图4所示，在一实施例中，所述蒸馏水造水装置30包括有一蒸发室32以及一冷凝室34。所述蒸发室34中是供接收所述抽取装置20所抽取的海水，以供所述海水进行蒸发以产生水蒸气，而所述水蒸气是导入所述冷凝室34中并冷凝、冷却以生成蒸馏水，而生成的蒸馏水可暂存至一储水舱50中，再从所述储水舱50将蒸馏水分配至各压载水舱40中。此外，在各压载水舱40以及所述蒸馏水造水装置30之间可设置有一调节装置60，所述调节装置60可受控制而调节所述蒸馏水造水装置30注入压载水舱40的蒸馏水的水量，例如，在一实施例中，所述的调节装置60可包括有设置于储水舱50与压载水舱之 间的水阀，其受控制以调节储水舱50的蒸馏水注入压载水舱40的流量。另外，在实践中，所述调节装置60可连接有一个或多个侦测装置(图未示)，可用以侦测船舶的油耗量、蒸馏水造水装置30的蒸馏水生成量等，所述调节装置60可根据所述船舶的油耗量控制所述蒸馏水造水装置在一段时间内注入所述压载水舱的蒸馏水的水量，较佳的是，在所述一段时间内所注入的蒸馏水水量不超过所述船舶在所述一段时间的油耗量。
除此之外，还可增设有一冷凝装置70与所述压载水舱40连接，用以冷凝并收集空气中的水分以生成冷凝水输送给所述压载水舱40进行储存。例如，在一实施例中，所述的冷凝装置70所制造的冷凝水可输送至所述储水舱50或另一储水舱中，再分配至任一所述压载水舱当中，以作为压载水使用。
以上所述仅为本发明较佳可行实施例而已，根据航行区域的分类，本发明的船舶可应用于海船(如远洋船、海峡船、沿海船、极区船等)、港湾船、内河船等，根据应用上的分类，本发明的船舶可应用于运输船、工程船、工作船、渔业船等，但不以此为限，凡是应用本发明说明书及权利要求书进行的等效变化，应当包含在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种以蒸馏水作为船舶压载水的生成系统，其特征在于，其设置于一船体上，包括有：
    一抽取装置，用以抽取所述船体所在水域的水体；
    一蒸馏水造水装置，与所述抽取装置连接，用以接收所述抽取装置所抽取的水体进行蒸馏处理，以形成蒸馏水；以及
    一压载水舱，与所述蒸馏水造水装置连接，所述压载水舱用以容置所述蒸馏水作为压载水，以调节所述船体的吃水量及稳定性。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的生成系统，其特征在于，还包含有一冷却装置，其与所述抽取装置以及所述蒸馏水造水装置连接，并与所述船体的一动力系统连接，所述冷却装置利用所述水体对所述动力系统进行冷却后，再将已升温的水体输出给所述蒸馏水造水装置。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的生成系统，其特征在于，还包含有一调节装置，其连接于所述蒸馏水造水装置以及所述压载水舱之间，所述调节装置用以控制所述蒸馏水造水装置在一段时间内注入所述压载水舱的蒸馏水的水量不超过所述船舶在所述一段时间内的油耗量。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的生成系统，其特征在于，其中所述蒸馏水造水装置在所述一段时间内注入所述压载水舱的蒸馏水的水量与所述船舶在所述一段时间内的油耗量的比值介于
    Figure PCTCN2017087439-appb-100001
    之间。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的生成系统，其特征在于，还包含有一冷凝装置，其与所述压载水舱连接，所述冷凝装置用以收集空气中的水分以生成冷凝水并输送给所述压载水舱。
  6. 一种船舶，其特征在于，其包括有：
    一船体；
    一抽取装置，设置于所述船体，用以抽取所述船体所在水域的水体；
    一蒸馏水造水装置，设置于所述船体，并与所述抽取装置连接，用以接收所述抽取装置所抽取的水体进行蒸馏处理，以形成蒸馏水；以及
    一压载水舱，设置于所述船体中，与所述蒸馏水造水装置连接，所述压载 水舱用以容置所述蒸馏水作为压载水，以调节所述船体的吃水量及稳定性。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的船舶，其特征在于，还包含有一冷却装置，其与所述抽取装置以及所述蒸馏水造水装置连接，并与所述船体的一动力系统连接，所述冷却装置利用所述水体对所述动力系统进行冷却后，再将已升温的水体输出给所述蒸馏水造水装置。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的船舶，其特征在于，还包含有一调节装置，其连接于所述蒸馏水造水装置以及所述压载水舱之间，所述调节装置用以控制所述蒸馏水造水装置在一段时间内注入所述压载水舱的蒸馏水的水量不超过所述船舶在所述一段时间内的油耗量。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的船舶，其特征在于，其中所述蒸馏水造水装置在所述一段时间内注入所述压载水舱的蒸馏水的水量与所述船舶在所述一段时间内的油耗量的比值介于
    Figure PCTCN2017087439-appb-100002
    之间。
  10. 如权利要求3所述的船舶，其特征在于，还包含有一冷凝装置，其与所述压载水舱连接，所述冷凝装置用以收集空气中的水分以生成冷凝水并输送给所述压载水舱。
  11. 一种具有以蒸馏水作为船舶压载水的生成系统的船舶的操作方法，其特征在于，所述船舶包括有一船体以及设置于所述船体上的一生成系统，所述生成系统包括有一抽取装置、一蒸馏水造水装置以及一压载水舱，其包含有以下步骤：
    A、利用所述抽取装置抽取所述船体所在水域的水体；
    B、利用所述蒸馏水造水装置对步骤A所抽取的所述水体进行蒸馏处理，以生成蒸馏水；
    C、将步骤B所生成的所述蒸馏水注入所述压载水舱，以构成所述压载水舱的压载水，从而调节所述船体的吃水量及稳定性。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的操作方法，其特征在于，其中在步骤A、B中，还将抽取的所述水体输送至一冷却装置，用以利用所述水体对所述船体的一动力系统进行冷却后，再将已升温的所述水体输出给所述蒸馏水造水装置。
  13. 如权利要求11所述的操作方法，其特征在于，其中在步骤B的蒸馏 处理中，还包含有以抽真空方式产生低气压，以降低待处理的所述水体的沸点。
  14. 如权利要求11所述的操作方法，其特征在于，其中在步骤C中，根据所述船舶的油耗量调节生成的蒸馏水注入所述压载水舱的水量。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的操作方法，其特征在于，还包含有一步骤D：调节所述蒸馏水造水装置所生成的蒸馏水注入所述压载水舱的水量，使得所述蒸馏水造水装置在一段时间内注入所述压载水舱的蒸馏水的水量不超过所述船舶在所述一段时间内的油耗量。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的操作方法，其特征在于，其中，在步骤D中，在所述一段时间内注入所述压载水舱的蒸馏水的水量与所述船舶在所述一段时间内的油耗量的比值介于
    Figure PCTCN2017087439-appb-100003
    之间。
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WO2008104900A2 (en) * 2007-02-26 2008-09-04 Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' Injectable water distillation system
CN101428919A (zh) * 2008-12-10 2009-05-13 青岛双瑞防腐防污工程有限公司 一种复合型船舶压载水处理方法
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