WO2018218902A1 - 一种特定组成和形貌特征的长寿命锰酸锂基正极材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种特定组成和形貌特征的长寿命锰酸锂基正极材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2018218902A1
WO2018218902A1 PCT/CN2017/113770 CN2017113770W WO2018218902A1 WO 2018218902 A1 WO2018218902 A1 WO 2018218902A1 CN 2017113770 W CN2017113770 W CN 2017113770W WO 2018218902 A1 WO2018218902 A1 WO 2018218902A1
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lithium manganate
long
lithium
specific composition
positive electrode
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邓远富
杨春香
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362Composites
    • H01M4/364Composites as mixtures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of battery cathode materials, in particular to a long-lived lithium manganate-based cathode material with specific composition and morphology characteristics and a preparation method thereof.
  • Lithium-ion battery lithium manganate cathode material has the advantages of low price, high discharge platform, high safety, environmental friendliness, easy synthesis and three-dimensional channel, and is suitable for hybrid electric vehicles and pure electric fields.
  • the high-temperature cycle performance of the lithium manganate cathode material is poor, which hinders its further large-scale application.
  • the doping of a single cation can improve the cycle stability of lithium manganate, but reduces the initial of the material. Discharge specific capacity.
  • the doping of anions is doped with some non-transition metal elements such as F, S, Cl, etc.
  • Doping of a single anion can increase the initial discharge specific capacity of lithium manganate, but the improvement of the cycle performance of lithium manganate is not obvious.
  • Doping by binary or multi-element ions can offset the disadvantages of single ion doping and improve the cycle performance and initial discharge specific capacity of lithium manganate cathode materials. For example, Ding et al. synthesized Al-doped LiAl 0.1 Mn 1.9 O 4 material by template method.
  • the initial discharge specific capacity was only 90 mAh/g.
  • the capacity retention rate was only 80% ( J. Phys. Chem. C, 2011, 115: 9821-9825 ), Li et al., LiMn 1.9 Co 0.1 O 4 material synthesized by sol-gel method, at a current density of 0.1 mA/cm -2 at room temperature
  • the charge and discharge test was performed with an initial discharge specific capacity of 123 mAh/g.
  • the capacity retention rate was only 91.9 % ( J. Alloy Compd., 2009, 474: 473-476 ). Kang et al.
  • the synergistic effect of doping various ions and forming a specific morphology provides an effective way to improve the performance of the lithium manganate cathode material.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a long-lived lithium manganate-based positive electrode material having specific composition and topography characteristics in view of the deficiencies of the prior art.
  • the lithium manganate-based positive electrode material has a regular and apex octahedral structure, which can improve the interface stability of the lithium manganate-based positive electrode material, has high tap density, high specific capacity, excellent rate performance and excellent high-temperature cycle performance. It is a long-life and high-power type lithium ion battery cathode material with stable structure and good safety performance.
  • the method uses citric acid as a chelating agent, uses lithium hydroxide, lithium fluoride, manganese acetate and doped ion metal salt as raw materials, adopts sol-gel method, and controls the content of cobalt and aluminum and calcination temperature during preparation.
  • the high-performance lithium manganate-based cathode material with regular morphology and excellent performance (especially high-temperature cycle performance) is prepared, which effectively improves the electrochemical performance of the material and obtains an ideal lithium-ion battery cathode material.
  • the obtained material is not obvious in simultaneously improving high-temperature cycle performance and increasing specific capacity, and the lithium manganate-based positive electrode material obtained by the present invention can be effective. At the same time improve high temperature cycle performance and increase specific capacity.
  • a long-lived lithium manganate-based cathode material with specific composition and morphology characteristics is a fluorine-containing lithium lithium manganate-based cathode material co-doped with two metal ions of cobalt and aluminum, and has a chemical formula of Li 1.05 Mn 1.85 Al 0.05 Co 0.05 O 3.9 F 0.1 (LAMCMF for short); the specific morphology of the material is a regular, apex-shaped octahedral structure.
  • a method of preparing a long-lived lithium manganate-based positive electrode material having a specific composition and morphology comprising the steps of:
  • step (2) The obtained xerogel is ground in an air atmosphere and calcined, and cooled to room temperature to obtain a long-lived lithium manganate-based positive electrode material having the specific composition and morphology.
  • the metal salt of the doping ion is cobalt nitrate (Co(NO 3 ) 3 ⁇ 6H 2 O ) and Al(NO 3 ) 3 ⁇ 9H 2 O .
  • the metal hydroxide of lithium hydroxide, lithium fluoride, manganese acetate and doping ions The amount is added in stoichiometric ratios of the elements in the chemical formula.
  • the citric acid is a chelating agent, and the molar ratio of the citric acid to lithium hydroxide is 1:1.
  • the temperature of the water bath heating is 50 °C.
  • step (2) ammonia water is added dropwise to adjust the pH to 7.0.
  • the heating is performed by heating to 85 ° C for 10 h.
  • the drying is dried at 110 ° C for 12 h.
  • the calcination is carried out at a heating rate of 5 ° C /min to 750 ° C and then kept for 12 h. .
  • the cooling is to cool the calcined product to 600 ° C at a temperature decreasing rate of 1 ° C /min. After that, it is naturally cooled to room temperature.
  • the present invention has the following advantages and benefits:
  • the preparation method of the invention adopts the sol-gel method to prepare the precursor of the positive electrode material, so that the components of the raw materials can be uniformly mixed at the atomic level, the stoichiometric ratio is precisely controlled, and the heat treatment time is significantly shortened;
  • the method of the present invention synthesizes a doped lithium manganate-based positive electrode material having a specific chemical composition,
  • the specific morphology of the lithium manganate-based material can be effectively obtained by the control of the calcination temperature, thereby effectively improving the electrochemical performance of the material, and the operation flow is simple;
  • the invention Long-lived lithium manganate-based cathode materials with specific composition and morphology characteristics exhibit excellent specific capacity, high temperature cycle stability and rate performance, with typical materials LAMCOF at 1 C , 2 C and 5 C Charge/discharge test at 55 °C, initial discharge specific capacity of 118 mAh / g, 116.9 mAh / g and 112.6 mAh / g, 2 C, After 800 cycles (55 °C) at 5 C, the capacity retention rate is over 72%, which is the ideal cathode material for lithium-ion battery.
  • the preparation method of the invention has simple process, no special requirements for the experimental environment, and is suitable for expanding reproduction.
  • Figure 1 shows the materials prepared in Example 1 and Example 2 LMCOF and LAMOF at 55 °C and 2 C Cycle performance map under rate conditions;
  • Figure 2 shows the material LAMCOF prepared in Example 3 at 55 °C and 2 C Cycle performance map under rate conditions
  • Figure 3 is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the material LAMCOF prepared in Example 3;
  • Figure 4 shows the material LAMCOF prepared in Example 3 at 55 °C and 5 C Cycle performance map under rate conditions
  • Fig. 5 is a graph showing the rate performance of the material LAMHOF prepared in Example 3 at 25 ° C and different magnifications.
  • LiOH ⁇ H 2 O (0.4070 g), LiF (0.0259 g) and citric acid (2.2064 g) were dissolved in a round bottom flask containing 20 mL of water and placed in a 50 ° C water bath to heat and stir. It is completely dissolved; Mn(CH 3 COO) 2 ⁇ 4H 2 O ( 4.5342 g ), Co(CH 3 COO) 2 ⁇ 4H 2 O (0.2490 g) is dissolved in 40 mL of water and stirred to dissolve completely, then dripped Adding to a mixture of lithium hydroxide, lithium fluoride and citric acid;
  • the cycle performance of the obtained material LMCOF at 55 °C and 2 C rate is shown in Fig. 1, as shown in Fig. 1,
  • the LMCOF cathode material has a specific discharge capacity of 107.5 mAh/g for the first cycle and a cycle of 100 cycles with a capacity retention rate of 92.9%.
  • LiOH ⁇ H 2 O (0.4070 g), LiF (0.0259 g) and citric acid (2.2064 g) were dissolved in a round bottom flask containing 20 mL of water and placed in a 50 ° C water bath to heat and stir. It is completely dissolved; Mn(CH 3 COO) 2 ⁇ 4H 2 O ( 4.5342 g ), Al(NO 3 ) 3 ⁇ 9H 2 O (0.3751 g) is dissolved in 40 mL of water and stirred to dissolve completely, then added dropwise.
  • LiOH ⁇ H 2 O (0.4070 g)
  • LiF (0.0259 g) and citric acid (2.2064 g) were dissolved in a round bottom flask containing 20 mL of water and placed in a 50 ° C water bath to heat and stir. It is completely dissolved; Mn(CH 3 COO) 2 ⁇ 4H 2 O ( 4.5342 g ), Al(NO 3 ) 3 ⁇ 9H 2 O (0
  • Fig. 1 The cycle performance of the obtained material LAMOF at 55 °C and 2 C rate is shown in Fig. 1, which is shown in Fig. 1.
  • the LAMOF cathode material has a specific discharge capacity of 114.1 mAh/g and a cycle of 100 cycles with a capacity retention rate of 92.0%.
  • LiOH ⁇ H 2 O (0.4070 g), LiF (0.0259 g) and citric acid (2.2064 g) were dissolved in a round bottom flask containing 20 mL of water and placed in a 50 ° C water bath to heat and stir. It is completely dissolved; Mn(CH 3 COO) 2 ⁇ 4H 2 O ( 4.5342 g ), Al(NO 3 ) 3 ⁇ 9H 2 O ( 0.1876 g ) and Co(CH 3 COO) 2 ⁇ 4H 2 O ( 0.1245 g Dissolve in 40 mL of water, stir to dissolve completely, and then add dropwise to a mixture of lithium hydroxide, lithium fluoride and citric acid;
  • the long cycle performance of the obtained material LAMCOF at 55 °C and 2 C rate is shown in Figure 2, as shown in Figure 2,
  • the LAMCOF cathode material has a specific discharge capacity of 116.9 mAh/g and a cycle of 800 cycles with a capacity retention rate of 72%.
  • the SEM image of the obtained material LAMCOF is shown in Figure 3, and Figure 3 It can be seen that the topography of the material is a spinel structure in which the apex is cut off.
  • the cycle performance of the obtained material LAMCOF at 55 °C and 5 C rate is shown in Figure 4, as shown in Figure 4.
  • the LAMCOF cathode material has a specific discharge capacity of 112.6 mAh/g and a cycle of 800 cycles with a capacity retention rate of 73%.
  • the obtained material LAMCOF has a rate performance at 25 °C and different magnifications as shown in Figure 5.
  • the LAMCOF cathode material was tested for charge/discharge at 1 C, 2 C, 5 C, 10 C and 20 C rates with initial discharge specific capacity of 118. mAh/g, 116.9 mAh/g, 112.6 mAh/g, 107.8 mAh/g and 102.4 mAh/g.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种特定组成和形貌特征的长寿命锰酸锂基正极材料及其制备方法。该方法以柠檬酸为螯合剂,以氢氧化锂、氟化锂、醋酸锰和掺杂离子的金属盐为原料,采用溶胶凝胶法,通过控制制备过程中钴、铝的含量和煅烧温度,制备形貌规整和性能优良(尤其是高温循环性能)的共掺杂钴和铝两种金属离子的含氟富锂锰酸锂基正极材料。该锰酸锂基正极材料具有削掉顶点的八面体结构形貌、倍率性能优良和高温长寿命的特征。该材料在 2 C 和 5 C 倍率( 55 ℃)下进行充 / 放电测试,其初始放电比容量分别达到 116.9 mAh/g 和 112.6 mAh/g ;在 2 C 和 5 C 充 / 放电倍率下, 55 ℃循环 800 次,容量保持率都达到 72% 以上。

Description

一种特定组成和形貌特征的长寿命锰酸锂基正极材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及电池正极材料领域,具体涉及一种特定组成和形貌特征的长寿命锰酸锂基正极材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
锂离子电池锰酸锂正极材料具有价格低、放电平台较高、安全性高、环境友好和易合成及具有三维通道等优点,适用于混合电动汽车及纯电动等领域。然而,锰酸锂正极材料的高温循环性能较差,阻碍了其进一步的大规模应用。
目前,大多数研究者认为,影响锰酸锂高温循环性能比较差的原因主要是 姜 - 泰勒效应 ,锰离子的溶解,电解液的分解以及高温煅烧导致的氧缺陷。因此,通过不同的方法来提高锰酸锂的高温性能成为锂离子电池正极材料的研究热点之一。
针对锰酸锂高温容量的衰减,近年来,提出了各种各样的改性方法,如引入离子掺杂、采用表面包覆及改善电解液等。通过包覆能够改善锰酸锂的电化学性能,但是在包覆的过程中不能保证材料的一致均匀性,并且过程繁琐,不利于大规模工业生产。通过离子掺杂能够有效稳定 MnO6 八面体结构和抑制 姜 - 泰勒效应 。阳离子的掺杂是掺杂一些跟锰离子半径相差不大的过渡金属元素如 Al 、 Co 、 Fe 、 Mg 等,单一阳离子的掺杂能改善锰酸锂的循环稳定性,但是减少了材料的初始放电比容量。阴离子的掺杂是掺杂一些非过渡金属元素如 F 、 S 、 Cl 等,单一阴离子的掺杂能够提高锰酸锂的初始放电比容量,但是对锰酸锂的循环性能改善并不明显。通过二元或多元离子的掺杂能够抵消单一离子掺杂存在的缺点,改善了锰酸锂正极材料的循环性能和初始放电比容量。如 Ding 等通过自模板法合成 Al 掺杂的 LiAl0.1Mn1.9O4 材料,在 5 C 倍率, 55 ℃ 条件下,初始放电比容量仅为 90 mAh/g ,循环 200 圈后,容量保持率仅为 80% ( J. Phys. Chem. C, 2011, 115: 9821-9825 ), Zhao 等通过溶胶凝胶法合成的 LiMn1.9Co0.1O4 材料,在常温 0.1 mA/cm-2 的电流密度下进行充放电测试,初始放电比容量为 123 mAh/g ,然而,循环 20 圈后,容量保持率仅为 91.9 % ( J. Alloy Compd., 2009, 474: 473-476 )。 Kang 等通过固相法制备了 Al 和 F 共掺杂的 Li1.05Al0.1Mn1.85O3.9 F0.1 材料, 该材料在 20 mAh/g 的电流密度下, 55 ℃ 循环 50 圈容量保持率为 99% ( J. Power Sources , 2005, 146: 237-240 ),然而,该材料比容量很低(在 20 mAh/g 的电流密度下,仅表现出 103 mAh/g 的比容量)。 Zhang 等通过固相法合成了 Co-Al 共掺的锰酸锂材料,在 2 C 倍率, 55 ℃ 条件下,初始放电比容量为 109 mAh/g ,循环 180 圈后,容量保持率仅为 76.9% ( Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2016, 18: 6893--6900 )。基于此,单一阴离子或阳离子掺杂很难同时提高锰酸锂基材料的循环性能和初始放电比容量,通过多种离子的协同作用有望能够改善锰酸锂的高温循环性能和比容量,另外,材料特定形貌对循环和倍率性能也起至关重要的作用( Nano Lett. , 2012, 12: 6358-6365 )。
因此,通过掺杂多种离子并形成特定形貌的协同作用,为改善锰酸锂正极材料的性能提供了有效的思路。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足,提供了一种特定组成和形貌特征的长寿命锰酸锂基正极材料。该锰酸锂基正极材料具有规整且削掉顶点的八面体结构,能改善锰酸锂基正极材料的界面稳定性,振实密度大,比容量较高,倍率性能优良和高温循环性能优异,是一种结构稳定、安全性能好的长寿命高功率型动力锂离子电池正极材料。
本发明的目的还在于提供所述的一种特定组成和形貌特征的长寿命锰酸锂基正极材料的制备方法。该方法以柠檬酸为螯合剂,以氢氧化锂、氟化锂、醋酸锰和掺杂离子的金属盐为原料,采用溶胶凝胶法,并通过控制制备过程中钴、铝的含量及煅烧温度,制备形貌规整和性能优良(尤其是高温循环性能)的高性能的锰酸锂基正极材料,有效改善了材料的电化学性能,得到理想的动力锂离子电池正极材料。虽然现有技术中有通过掺杂改性锰酸锂性能的方法,但是所获得材料在同时改善高温循环性能及提升比容量方面并不明显,而本发明获得的锰酸锂基正极材料能有效同时改善高温循环性能及提升比容量。
本发明的目的通过如下技术方案实现。
一种特定组成和形貌特征的长寿命 锰酸锂基正极材料,为共掺杂钴和铝两种金属离子的含氟富锂锰酸锂基正极材料,化学式为 Li1.05Mn1.85Al0.05Co 0.05O3.9F0.1 (简称 LAMCOF );材料的特定形貌为 规整的、削掉顶点的八面体结构。
制备所述的一种特定组成和形貌特征的长寿命 锰酸锂基正极材料的方法,包括如下步骤:
( 1 )将氢氧化锂( LiOH∙H2O )、氟化锂( LiF )和柠檬酸溶于水中,并水浴加热下搅拌至完全溶解,再加入 醋酸锰( Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O )和掺杂离子的金属盐,溶解得到混合液;
( 2 )往步骤( 1 )得到的混合液中逐滴加入氨水调节 pH 后,搅拌条件下进行加热,使水分蒸发,得到溶胶;将得到的溶胶置于真空干燥箱中干燥,得到干凝胶;
( 3 )将步骤( 2 )得到的干凝胶研磨后置于空气气氛中煅烧,冷却至室温,得到所述的特定组成和形貌特征的长寿命 锰酸锂基正极材料。
进一步地,步骤( 1 )中, 所述掺杂离子的金属盐为硝酸钴( Co(NO3)3·6H2O ) 和 Al(NO3)3·9H2O 。
进一步地,步骤( 1 )中,所述氢氧化锂 、 氟化锂 、醋酸锰和掺杂离子的金属盐 的量按化学式中各元素的化学计量比添加。
进一步地,步骤( 1 )中,所述柠檬酸为螯合剂,所述柠檬酸与氢氧化锂的摩尔比为 1:1 。
进一步地,步骤( 1 )中,所述水浴加热的温度为 50 ℃。
进一步地,步骤( 2 )中,滴加氨水调节 pH 值至 7.0 。
进一步地,步骤( 2 )中,所述加热是 升温至 85 ℃后保温 10 h 。
进一步地,步骤( 2 )中,所述干燥是在 110 ℃干燥 12 h 。
进一步地,步骤( 3 )中,所述煅烧是以升温速率 5 ℃ /min 升温至 750 ℃ 后保温 12 h 。
进一步地,步骤( 3 )中,所述冷却是以 1 ℃ /min 的降温速率将煅烧后的产物冷却至 600 ℃ 后,再自然冷却至室温。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点和有益效果:
( 1 )本发明制备方法采用溶胶凝胶法制备正极材料的前驱体,可使原料各组分达到原子级的均匀混合,化学计量比精确可控,热处理时间显著缩短;
( 2 )本发明方法合成掺杂的锰酸锂基正极材料具有特定化学组成, 通过煅烧温度的控制能有效得到锰酸锂基材料的特定形貌,从而有效改善材料的电化学性能,操作流程简单;
( 3 )本发明的 特定组成和形貌特征的长寿命锰酸锂基正极材料表现出优异的比容量、高温循环稳定性和倍率性能,其中,典型的材料 LAMCOF 在 1 C 、 2 C 和 5 C 倍率( 55 ℃)下进行充 / 放电测试,其初始放电比容量分别达到 118 mAh/g 、 116.9 mAh/g 和 112.6 mAh/g , 2 C 、 5 C 倍率下循环 800 圈( 55 ℃)后,容量保持率都达到 72% 以上,是理想的动力锂离子电池正极材料;
( 4 )本发明的制备方法工艺简单,对实验环境无特殊要求,适于扩大再生产。
附图说明
图 1 为实施例 1 和实施例 2 中制备的材料 LMCOF 和 LAMOF 在 55 ℃ 和 2 C 倍率条件下的循环性能图;
图 2 为实施例 3 中制备的材料 LAMCOF 在 55 ℃ 和 2 C 倍率条件下的循环性能图;
图 3 为实施例 3 中制备的材料 LAMCOF 的扫描电镜( SEM )图;
图 4 为实施例 3 中制备的材料 LAMCOF 在 55 ℃ 和 5 C 倍率条件下的循环性能图;
图 5 为实施例 3 中制备的材料 LAMCOF 在 25 ℃ 和 不同倍率条件下的倍率性能图。
具体实施方式
为进一步说明本发明中特定组成和特定形貌特征的锰酸锂基正极材料性能的优越性,本发明 基于以下具体实施例,详细介绍本发明的内容。
实施例 1
( 1 )将 LiOH·H2O ( 0.4070 g )、 LiF ( 0.0259 g )和柠檬酸( 2.2064 g )溶于装有 20 mL 水的圆底烧瓶中,并放在 50 ℃ 水浴锅中加热搅拌使其完全溶解;将 Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O ( 4.5342 g )、 Co(CH3COO)2·4H2O ( 0.2490 g )溶于 40 mL 水中加热搅拌使其完全溶解,然后滴加到 氢氧化锂、氟化锂和柠檬酸的混合液中;
( 2 )向步骤( 1 )得到的混合液中逐滴加入氨水,当溶液的 pH 值达到 7.0 时,升高水浴锅温度至 85 ℃ 保温 10 h 并不断搅拌,使水分蒸发,最终得到粘性的凝胶,然后在真空干燥箱中 110 ℃ 干燥 12 h 后得到干凝胶,将干凝胶取出研磨,研磨后的样品转入瓷舟;
( 3 )将瓷舟移入管式炉中煅烧, 将混合物以 5 ℃ /min 的升温速率升温至 750 ℃ 并在该温度条件下保温 12 h , 再以 1 ℃ /min 的降温速度将煅烧后产物冷却至 600 ℃ 后自然冷却至室温,得到 LMCOF 正极材料。
制得的材料 LMCOF 的在 55 ℃ 和 2 C 倍率下的循环性能如图 1 所示,由图 1 可知, LMCOF 正极材料在 55 ℃ 和 2 C 倍率下,首圈放电比容量为 107.5 mAh/g ,循环 100 圈,容量保持率为 92.9% 。
实施例 2
( 1 )将 LiOH·H2O ( 0.4070 g )、 LiF ( 0.0259 g )和柠檬酸( 2.2064 g )溶于装有 20 mL 水的圆底烧瓶中,并放在 50 ℃ 水浴锅中加热搅拌使其完全溶解;将 Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O ( 4.5342 g )、 Al(NO3)3·9H2O ( 0.3751 g )溶于 40 mL 水中加热搅拌使其完全溶解,然后滴加到氢氧化锂、氟化锂和柠檬酸的混合液中;
( 2 )向步骤( 1 )得到的混合液中逐滴加入氨水,当溶液的 pH 值达到 7.0 时,升高水浴锅温度至 85 ℃ 保温 10 h 并不断搅拌,使水分蒸发,最终得到粘性的凝胶,然后在真空干燥箱中 110 ℃ 干燥 12 h 后得到干凝胶,将干凝胶取出研磨,研磨后的样品转入瓷舟;
( 3 )将瓷舟移入管式炉中煅烧,将混合物以 5 ℃ /min 的升温速率升到到 750 ℃ 并在该温度条件下保温 12 h , 再以 1 ℃ /min 的降温速度将煅烧后产物冷却至 600 ℃ 后自然冷却至室温,得到 LAMOF 正极材料。
制得的材料 LAMOF 在 55 ℃ 和 2 C 倍率下的循环性能如图 1 所示,由图 1 可知, LAMOF 正极材料在 55 ℃ 和 2 C 倍率下,首圈放电比容量为 114.1 mAh/g ,循环 100 圈,容量保持率为 92.0% 。
实施例 3
( 1 )将 LiOH·H2O ( 0.4070 g )、 LiF ( 0.0259 g )和柠檬酸( 2.2064 g )溶于装有 20 mL 水的圆底烧瓶中,并放在 50 ℃ 水浴锅中加热搅拌使其完全溶解;将 Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O ( 4.5342 g )、 Al(NO3)3·9H2O ( 0.1876 g )和 Co(CH3COO)2·4H2O ( 0.1245 g )溶于 40 mL 水中加热搅拌使其完全溶解,然后滴加到氢氧化锂、氟化锂和柠檬酸的混合液中;
( 2 )向步骤( 1 )得到的混合液中逐滴加入氨水,当溶液的 pH 值达到 7.0 时,升高水浴锅温度至 85 ℃ 保温 10 h 并不断搅拌,使水分蒸发,最终得到粘性的凝胶,然后在真空干燥箱中 110 ℃ 干燥 12 h 后得到干凝胶,将干凝胶取出研磨,研磨后的样品转入瓷舟;
( 3 )将瓷舟移入管式炉中煅烧,将混合物以 5 ℃ /min 的升温速率升到到 750 ℃ 并在该温度条件下保温 12 h , 再以 1 ℃ /min 的降温速度将煅烧后产物冷却至 600 ℃ 后自然冷却至室温,得到 LAMCOF 正极材料。
制得的材料 LAMCOF 在 55 ℃ 和 2 C 倍率下的长循环性能如图 2 所示,由图 2 可知, LAMCOF 正极材料在 55 ℃ 和 2 C 倍率下,首圈放电比容量为 116.9 mAh/g ,循环 800 圈,容量保持率为 72% 。
制得的材料 LAMCOF 的 SEM 图如图 3 所示,由图 3 可知,材料的形貌为削掉顶点的尖晶石结构。
制得的材料 LAMCOF 在 55 ℃ 和 5 C 倍率下的循环性能如图 4 所示,由图 4 可知, LAMCOF 正极材料在 55 ℃ 和 5 C 倍率下,首圈放电比容量为 112.6 mAh/g ,循环 800 圈,容量保持率为 73% 。
制得的材料 LAMCOF 在 25 ℃ 和不同倍率下的倍率性能如图 5 所示,由图 5 可知, LAMCOF 正极材料在在 1 C 、 2 C 、 5 C 、 10 C 和 20 C 倍率下进行充 / 放电测试,其初始放电比容量分别达到 118 mAh/g 、 116.9 mAh/g 、 112.6 mAh/g 、 107.8 mAh/g 和 102.4 mAh/g 。
结果表明制得的材料 LAMCOF 具有优异的循环和倍率性能。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种特定组成和形貌特征的长寿命 锰酸锂基正极材料,其特征在于,为共掺杂钴和铝两种金属离子的含氟富锂锰酸锂基正极材料,化学式为Li1.05Mn1.85Al0.05Co 0.05O3.9F0.1 ;材料的特定形貌为 规整的、削掉顶点的八面体结构。
  2. 制备权利要求 1 所述的一种特定组成和形貌特征的长寿命 锰酸锂基正极材料的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
    ( 1 )将氢氧化锂、氟化锂和柠檬酸溶于水中,并水浴加热下搅拌至完全溶解,再加入 醋酸锰和掺杂离子的金属盐,溶解得到混合液;
    ( 2 )往步骤( 1 )得到的混合液中逐滴加入氨水调节 pH 后,搅拌条件下进行加热,使水分蒸发,得到溶胶;将得到的溶胶置于真空干燥箱中干燥,得到干凝胶;
    ( 3 )将步骤( 2 )得到的干凝胶研磨后置于空气气氛中煅烧,冷却至室温,得到所述的特定组成和形貌特征的长寿命
    锰酸锂基正极材料。
  3. 根据权利要求2 所述的 一种特定组成和形貌特征的长寿命 锰酸锂基正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤( 1 )中,所述掺杂离子的金属盐为硝酸铝和硝酸钴。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种特定组成和形貌特征的长寿命锰酸锂基正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述氢氧化锂、氟化锂、醋酸锰和掺杂离子的金属盐的量按化学式中各元素的化学计量比添加。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的一种特定组成和形貌特征的长寿命锰酸锂基正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述柠檬酸为螯合剂;所述柠檬酸与氢氧化锂的摩尔比为1:1。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的一种特定组成和形貌特征的长寿命锰酸锂基正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述水浴加热的温度为50℃。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的一种特定组成和形貌特征的长寿命锰酸锂基正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,滴加氨水调节pH值至7.0;所述加热是升温至85℃后保温10 h。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的一种特定组成和形貌特征的长寿命锰酸锂基正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述干燥是在110℃干燥12 h。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的一种特定组成和形貌特征的长寿命锰酸锂基正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述煅烧是以升温速率为5℃/min升温至750℃后保温12 h。
  10. 根据权利要求2所述的一种特定组成和形貌特征的长寿命锰酸锂基正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述冷却是以1℃/min的降温速率将煅烧后的产物冷却至600℃后,再自然冷却至室温。
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