WO2018216734A1 - 双方向ワイヤレス電力伝送システム - Google Patents
双方向ワイヤレス電力伝送システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018216734A1 WO2018216734A1 PCT/JP2018/019865 JP2018019865W WO2018216734A1 WO 2018216734 A1 WO2018216734 A1 WO 2018216734A1 JP 2018019865 W JP2018019865 W JP 2018019865W WO 2018216734 A1 WO2018216734 A1 WO 2018216734A1
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- power transmission
- circuit
- transmission device
- power
- switching circuit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/05—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using capacitive coupling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a bidirectional wireless power transmission system that wirelessly transmits power bidirectionally between a first power transmission device and a second power transmission device.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a wireless power transmission system employing an electric field coupling method.
- wireless power supply has been used for unidirectional power transmission from a power source to a power supply target, but in recent years, application to bidirectional power transmission such as energy exchange between batteries is expected.
- Patent Document 1 described above realizes unidirectional power transmission from the power transmission circuit (left) to the power reception circuit (right).
- the power transmission circuit is composed of a switching circuit and the power reception circuit is composed of a rectifier circuit, so that it is often designed asymmetrically.
- the circuit network composed of the power transmission transformer, power transmission electrode, power reception electrode, and power reception transformer is optimized for power transmission from the power transmission side to the power reception side and is designed asymmetrically. Therefore, it has been very difficult to realize power transmission in the reverse direction.
- the present invention provides a bidirectional wireless power transmission system capable of wirelessly transmitting power bidirectionally between a first power transmission device and a second power transmission device.
- a bidirectional wireless power transmission system is a bidirectional wireless power transmission system that wirelessly transmits electric power bidirectionally between a first power transmission device and a second power transmission device using an electric field coupling method. It is.
- the first power transmission device is A first switching circuit having one end connected to the first secondary battery; A first transformer having one end connected to the other end of the first switching circuit; A first power transmission circuit including a first power transmission electrode connected to the other end of the first transformer.
- the second power transmission device A second switching circuit having one end connected to the second secondary battery; A second transformer having one end connected to the other end of the second switching circuit; A second power transmission circuit including a second power transmission electrode connected to the other end of the second transformer.
- the first power transmission circuit and the second power transmission circuit are configured to be electrically symmetric,
- a composite resonance circuit including a first transformer and a second transformer is configured through capacitive coupling between the first power transmission electrode and the second power transmission electrode.
- a control circuit that detects transmission power and drives at least a power transmission side of the first switching circuit and the second switching circuit is provided.
- the control circuit When transmitting power from one of the first power transmission device and the second power transmission device to the other, Driving at least the power transmission side of the first switching circuit and the second switching circuit using the parallel resonant frequency of the composite resonant circuit as a reference frequency of the operating frequency; When the transmission power becomes smaller than the control target during driving at the reference frequency, the operating frequency is changed to a frequency higher or lower than the reference frequency when the duty ratio on the power transmission side is maximum.
- a bidirectional wireless power transmission system is a bidirectional wireless power transmission system that wirelessly transmits power bidirectionally between a first power transmission device and a second power transmission device by a magnetic field coupling method. It is.
- the first power transmission device is A first switching circuit having one end connected to the first secondary battery; A first capacitance circuit having one end connected to the other end of the first switching circuit; A first power transmission circuit including a first power transmission coil connected to the other end of the first capacitance circuit.
- the second power transmission device A second switching circuit having one end connected to the second secondary battery; A second capacitance circuit having one end connected to the other end of the second switching circuit; A second power transmission circuit including a second power transmission coil connected to the other end of the second capacitance circuit.
- the first power transmission circuit and the second power transmission circuit are configured to be electrically symmetric,
- a complex resonance circuit including a first capacitance circuit and a second capacitance circuit is configured through inductive coupling between the first power transmission coil and the second power transmission coil.
- a control circuit that detects transmission power and drives at least a power transmission side of the first switching circuit and the second switching circuit is provided.
- the control circuit When transmitting power from one of the first power transmission device and the second power transmission device to the other, Driving at least the power transmission side of the first switching circuit and the second switching circuit using the parallel resonant frequency of the composite resonant circuit as a reference frequency of the operating frequency; When the transmission power becomes smaller than the control target during driving at the reference frequency, the operating frequency is changed to a frequency higher or lower than the reference frequency when the duty ratio on the power transmission side is maximum.
- the circuits of the first power transmission device and the second power transmission device are configured electrically symmetrically, bidirectional power transmission operation is possible. Further, the transmission power can be controlled by controlling the driving frequency and the duty ratio.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a bidirectional wireless power transmission system according to a first embodiment.
- Diagram showing equivalent circuit of composite resonance circuit The figure which shows the frequency characteristic of the input impedance of the compound resonance circuit The figure which shows the frequency characteristic of the output electric power of the compound resonance circuit Flow chart of power control of controller of power transmission device functioning as power transmission device Circuit diagram of bidirectional wireless power transmission system according to Embodiment 2
- Diagram showing equivalent circuit of composite resonance circuit The figure which shows the frequency characteristic of the input impedance of the compound resonance circuit
- Circuit diagram of a bidirectional wireless power transmission system according to a first modification of the second embodiment Circuit diagram of bidirectional wireless power transmission system according to second variation of embodiment 2
- FIG. The figure explaining the proximity
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a bidirectional wireless power transmission system according to this embodiment.
- the bidirectional wireless power transmission system includes a first power transmission device 10 and a second power transmission device 20.
- the first power transmission device 10 and the second power transmission device 20 can operate as a power transmission device and a power reception device that transmit power by an electric field coupling method, respectively.
- the first power transmission device 10 and the second power transmission device 20 perform, for example, bidirectional power transmission between batteries.
- This battery is incorporated in, for example, industrial equipment and portable electronic equipment. Examples of portable electronic devices include mobile phones, PDAs, portable music players, notebook PCs, digital cameras, and the like.
- the first power transmission device 10 includes a secondary battery B1.
- the switching circuit S1 is connected to the secondary battery B1.
- the switching circuit S1 is configured as a full bridge circuit having switching elements Q11, Q12, Q13, and Q14.
- Each of the switching elements Q11, Q12, Q13, and Q14 is configured by a MOSFET, and a driver is connected to the gate.
- Each driver is connected to a controller 15 (Controller).
- the controller 15 controls ON / OFF of the switching elements Q11, Q12, Q13, and Q14 through a driver. Specifically, the controller 15 alternately turns on and off the switching elements Q11 and Q14 and the switching elements Q12 and Q13. Further, the controller 15 can control the ON / OFF frequency (switching frequency) and the duty ratio.
- the controller 15 is connected to a current sensor 16 that detects a current input to and output from the secondary battery B1.
- the primary coil L11 of the transformer T1 is connected to the connection point of the switching elements Q11 and Q12 and the connection point of the switching elements Q13 and Q14.
- the active electrode 11 and the passive electrode 12 are connected to the secondary coil L12 of the transformer T1.
- the number of turns of the secondary coil L12 is set larger than the number of turns of the primary coil L11.
- a capacitor C1 connected in parallel to the secondary coil L12 of the transformer T1 is a stray capacitance between the active electrode 11 and the passive electrode 12.
- the switching circuit S1, the transformer T1, the active electrode 11 and the passive electrode 12 are an example of a first power transmission circuit in the first power transmission device of the present invention.
- the second power transmission device 20 includes a secondary battery B2.
- the switching circuit S2 is connected to the secondary battery B2.
- the switching circuit S2 is configured as a full bridge circuit having switching elements Q21, Q22, Q23, and Q24.
- Each of the switching elements Q21, Q22, Q23, and Q24 is configured by a MOSFET, and a driver is connected to the gate.
- Each driver is connected to a controller 25 (Controller).
- the controller 25 controls ON / OFF of the switching elements Q21, Q22, Q23, Q24 via a driver. Specifically, the controller 25 alternately turns on and off the switching elements Q21 and Q24 and the switching elements Q22 and Q23. Further, the controller 25 can control the ON / OFF frequency (switching frequency) and the duty ratio.
- the controller 25 is connected to a current sensor 26 that detects a current input to and output from the secondary battery B2.
- the primary coil L11 of the transformer T2 is connected to the connection point of the switching elements Q21 and Q22 and the connection point of the switching elements Q23 and Q24.
- the active electrode 11 and the passive electrode 12 are connected to the secondary coil L12 of the transformer T2.
- the number of turns of the secondary coil L12 is set larger than the number of turns of the primary coil L11.
- a capacitor C2 connected in parallel to the secondary coil L22 of the transformer T2 is a stray capacitance between the active electrode 21 and the passive electrode 22.
- the switching circuit S2, the transformer T2, the active electrode 21, and the passive electrode 22 are an example of a second power transmission circuit in the second power transmission device of the present invention.
- a capacitor Caa is formed between the active electrode 11 of the first power transmission device 10 and the active electrode 21 of the second power transmission device 20, and the passive electrode 12 of the first power transmission device 10 and the second power transmission device.
- a capacitor Cpp is formed between the 20 passive electrodes 22.
- Capacitor Caa, capacitor Cpp, capacitor C1, and capacitor C2 constitute a capacitive coupling circuit Cx.
- the predetermined facing state as shown in FIG. 1 may be a proximity state as shown in FIG.
- the proximity state refers to the first power transmission electrode (the active electrode 11 and the passive electrode 12 of the first power transmission device 10) and the second power transmission electrode (the active electrode 21 and the passive electrode of the second power transmission device 20) in the facing state.
- 22) are the first power transmission electrode (active electrode 11 and passive electrode 12 of the first power transmission device 10) and the second power transmission electrode (active electrode 21 of the second power transmission device 20, passive).
- the electrode 22) is shorter than the longest length in the plane direction.
- the longest length in the planar direction is the length of a diagonal line when the planar shape of the first power transmission electrode and the second power transmission electrode is, for example, a rectangle or a square as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 12 illustrates the case where the planar shape and the longest length in the planar direction of the first power transmission electrode in the opposed state are the same as the planar shape and the longest length in the planar direction of the second power transmission electrode. Not limited to this.
- the planar shape and the longest length in the planar direction of both are the same.
- the length may be different.
- the proximity state means that the distance between the first power transmission electrode and the second power transmission electrode in the opposed state is the plane of the first power transmission electrode. It is assumed that it is shorter than the shortest longest length among the longest length in the direction and the longest length in the planar direction of the second power transmission electrode.
- the first power transmission circuit of the first power transmission device 10 and the second power transmission circuit of the second power transmission device 20 are configured to be electrically symmetric. More specifically, the input impedance and the resonance even when the other of the first power transmission circuit of the first power transmission device 10 and the second power transmission circuit of the second power transmission device 20 is viewed from the other side.
- the frequency is the same or substantially the same.
- the input impedance and resonance when the frequencies are the same or substantially the same, both circuits are electrically symmetric.
- the first power transmission circuit of the first power transmission device 10 and the second power transmission circuit of the second power transmission device 20 are configured to be more electrically symmetrical. .
- the first power transmission device 10 and the second power transmission device 20 can operate as either a power transmission device or a power reception device.
- a case where the first power transmission device 10 operates as a power transmission device and the second power transmission device 20 operates as a power reception device will be described.
- the switching circuit S1 converts the DC voltage of the secondary battery into an AC voltage using a full bridge circuit and outputs the AC voltage to the transformer T1. That is, the switching circuit S1 functions as a DC-AC conversion circuit (inverter). The AC voltage generated by the switching circuit S1 is boosted by the transformer T1 and applied between the active electrode 11 and the passive electrode 12. That is, the transformer T1 functions as a step-up transformer.
- the active electrode 21 and the passive electrode 22 of the second power transmission device 20 are coupled by electric field coupling between the capacitor Caa formed between the active electrodes 11 and 21 and the capacitor Cpp formed between the passive electrodes 12 and 22.
- AC voltage is induced between The induced AC voltage is stepped down via the transformer T2 and output to the switching circuit S2.
- the switching elements Q11, Q12, Q13, Q14 of the switching circuit S1 of the first power transmission device 10 and the switching elements Q21, Q22, Q23, Q24 of the switching circuit S2 of the second power transmission device 20 are controlled to be turned on and off in synchronization.
- the switching circuit S2 functions as an AC-DC conversion circuit (rectifier circuit).
- the AC voltage output from the transformer T2 to the switching circuit S2 is rectified by the switching circuit S2, converted into a DC voltage, and applied to the secondary battery B2.
- the voltage applied to the secondary battery B2 is set to a predetermined voltage higher than the voltage of the non-charged secondary battery B2 by the controller 15 of the first power transmission device 10 functioning as a power transmission device. Is controlled. Therefore, the power of the secondary battery B1 of the first power transmission device 10 is transmitted to the second power transmission device 20, and the secondary battery B2 is charged.
- a synchronization signal may be communicated between the controller 15 and the controller 25, and the timing of the AC signal output from the transformer T2 by the controller 25 may be determined.
- Communication between the controller 15 of the first power transmission device 10 and the controller 25 of the second power transmission device 20 may be performed by including a signal in the transmission power, or the first power transmission device 10 and the second power transmission device 10. You may perform using the radio
- the controller 25 may turn off the switching elements Q21, Q22, Q23, and Q24 of the switching circuit S2. In that case, the body diode parasitic on the switching elements Q21, Q22, Q23, Q24 functions as a rectifier circuit. If necessary, it is also possible to attach a diode in parallel to each of the switching elements Q21, Q22, Q23, Q24. Furthermore, synchronous control of the switching circuit S2 by the controller 25 and rectification by a diode may be used in combination.
- the second power transmission device 20 operates as a power transmission device
- the first power transmission device 10 operates as a power transmission device
- the second power transmission device 20 operates as a power transmission device
- the first power transmission device 10 operates as a power transmission device.
- the power of the secondary battery B2 of the second power transmission device 20 is transmitted to the first power transmission device 10 and the secondary battery B1 is charged contrary to the above. .
- the first power transmission device 10 and the second power transmission device 20 have substantially the same circuit configuration and are configured to have substantially the same electrical characteristics. Since the power is transmitted from the first power transmission device 10 to the second power transmission device 20 and when power is transmitted from the second power transmission device 20 to the first power transmission device 10, the power transmission is approximately the same. Electric power can be transmitted under the same conditions.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit of the composite resonance circuit.
- an ideal transformer representing a transformation ratio is omitted.
- Input terminals IN1 and IN2 shown in FIG. 2A correspond to the connection points p11 and p12 in FIG. 1, and the switching circuit S1 is connected thereto.
- Output terminals OUT1 and OUT2 shown in FIG. 2A correspond to the connection points p21 and p22 of FIG. 1, and the switching circuit S2 is connected thereto.
- each of the transformer T1 and the transformer T2 is represented by a T-type equivalent circuit.
- the capacitive coupling circuit Cx is represented by a ⁇ -type equivalent circuit composed of three capacitors C1, C2, and Cc.
- L1 is the self-inductance of the secondary coil L12 of the transformer T1 in FIG. 1
- L2 is the self-inductance of the secondary coil L22 of the transformer T2.
- k1 is a coupling coefficient of the transformer T1
- k2 is a coupling coefficient of the transformer T2.
- ⁇ L1 / Qx1 is a resistance component of the transformer T1
- ⁇ L2 / Qx2 is a resistance component of the primary coil L21 of the transformer T2.
- the transformer T1 alone and the transformer T2 alone show inductivity, and the capacitive coupling circuit Cx shows capacitive.
- the capacitive coupling circuit Cx and the transformer T2 are capacitively coupled.
- the capacitance and inductance of each element are set so that the portion combined with the circuit Cx is capacitive.
- the composite resonance circuit viewed from the input terminals IN1 and IN2 forms a parallel resonance circuit in which capacitive and inductive properties are provided in parallel, and generates parallel resonance at a predetermined frequency.
- the first power transmission device 10 and the second power transmission device 20 are configured as symmetrical circuits as described above, as shown in FIG. Even when IN1 and IN2 and the output terminals OUT1 and OUT2 are interchanged with those in FIG. 2A, when the composite resonance circuit is viewed from the input terminals IN1 and IN2, the combination of the transformer T2 and the capacitive coupling circuit Cx Thus, the composite resonant circuit viewed from the exchanged input terminals IN1 and IN2 forms a parallel resonant circuit in which capacitive and inductive properties are provided in parallel. For this reason, parallel resonance occurs at a predetermined frequency.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the frequency characteristic of the input impedance (Input Impedance) of the composite resonance circuit shown by the equivalent circuit of FIG.
- FIG. 3 shows the input impedance when the output terminals OUT1 and OUT2 are viewed from the input terminals IN1 and IN2 of the composite resonance circuit.
- f0 is the parallel resonance frequency of the composite resonance circuit.
- f0 is, for example, 500 kHz.
- the input impedance becomes high at the parallel resonance frequency f0. In particular, when the output terminals OUT1 and OUT2 are open, the input impedance is the highest.
- Target Load target load (maximum design load)
- the resonance characteristics become steep and the input impedance decreases. To do. This is because a load resistance component is added to the output side of the power receiving side transformer T2.
- the wireless power transmission system when the wireless power transmission system is operated at the parallel resonance frequency f0, when the load is reduced, the input impedance of the composite resonance circuit is increased. As a result, the transmission power of the wireless power transmission system is increased. (Current flowing in the circuit) becomes smaller.
- the input impedance of the composite resonance circuit decreases, and as a result, the transmittable power of the wireless power transmission system increases.
- the input impedance at the parallel resonance frequency f0 decreases, so that the transmission power (current flowing through the circuit) increases. Due to this characteristic, in a certain load range, even when the operating frequency is the parallel resonance frequency f0 and the duty ratio is the maximum value (50%) (without controlling these), power can be transmitted according to the load.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing frequency characteristics of output power of the composite resonance circuit.
- the output power of the composite resonance circuit takes a minimum value at the parallel resonance frequency f0 and increases before and after that. Therefore, transmission power can be controlled by controlling the operating frequency.
- the load power consumption of the secondary battery B2
- the input impedance is changed by shifting the operation frequency to a side higher or lower than the parallel resonance frequency f0.
- the transmission power can be increased by reducing the transmission power.
- the input frequency can be increased and the transmission power can be reduced by bringing the operating frequency close to the parallel resonance frequency f0.
- the controllers 15 and 25 of the present embodiment control the transmission power by controlling the operating frequency within a predetermined range (range up to f1) higher than the parallel resonance frequency f0.
- a predetermined range range up to f1
- control by the controllers 15 and 25 will be described.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart of power control of the controller of the power transmission device that functions as the power transmission device.
- the power transmission device that functions as a power transmission device is referred to as a power transmission-side power transmission device, and the one that functions as a power reception device.
- This power transmission device is referred to as a power-receiving-side power transmission device and will be described by omitting the reference numerals.
- constituent elements included in these components will be described by omitting appropriate reference numerals.
- the controller of the power transmission side power transmission device controls the driver so that the switching element of the switching circuit operates at the default drive frequency and the default duty ratio (S11).
- the default drive frequency is the parallel resonance frequency f0 of the composite resonance circuit.
- the default duty ratio is 50%. Note that the parallel resonance frequency f0 may deviate within a predetermined range with respect to the reference operating frequency due to quality variations in circuit components such as the transformers T1, T2, the active electrodes 11, 21, and the passive electrodes 12, 22. However, such deviations are included in the scope of this case.
- the controller of the power transmission device on the power transmission side measures the current value of the input current (hereinafter referred to as “input current value”) input to the switching circuit using a current sensor (S12). Since the load (power consumption) of the power receiving side power transmission device is substantially proportional to the input current value, power is measured (estimated) based on the input current value.
- the controller of the power transmission device on the power transmission side determines whether or not the current value of the input current is within an allowable range, that is, whether or not the magnitude of the transmission power is appropriate (S13).
- the allowable range is set in advance.
- the controller of the power transmission side power transmission device sets the switching element of the switching circuit of the power transmission device to the current drive frequency and The driver is controlled so as to continue to operate at the duty ratio (S14).
- step S13 determines whether or not the current duty ratio is 50% (S15).
- the controller of the power transmission side power transmission device increases the drive frequency by a predetermined frequency width or decreases the predetermined frequency width (S16).
- the drive frequency moves away from the parallel resonance frequency f0, and the transmittable power increases as described with reference to FIG. For this reason, the input current increases toward the allowable range. That is, the transmittable power increases.
- the predetermined frequency width is a preset value, and when the parallel resonance frequency f0 is 500 kHz, for example, 1 kHz.
- the controller of the power transmission side power transmission device increases the duty ratio by a predetermined amount.
- the predetermined amount is a preset value, for example, 1%.
- step S13 the controller determines whether or not the current drive frequency is the default frequency f0 (S18).
- the controller of the power transmission side power transmission device reduces the duty ratio by a predetermined amount (S19).
- the current drive frequency is the default frequency f0 (parallel resonance frequency)
- the input impedance is maximized, so that the transmission power cannot be reduced even if the drive frequency is changed. For this reason, the duty ratio is reduced, the transmission power is reduced, and it approaches the target power that is the control target. By this control, the input current (transmittable power) decreases toward the allowable range.
- the controller of the power transmission side power transmission device decreases the drive frequency by a predetermined frequency width or increases the predetermined frequency width (S20).
- the drive frequency approaches the parallel resonance frequency f0, and the transmittable power decreases as shown in FIG. For this reason, the input current (transmittable power) decreases toward an allowable range.
- the controller of the power transmission side power transmission device performs the control of the flowchart of FIG. 5 based on the current value detected by the current sensor of the power transmission side power transmission device.
- the controller of the power transmission side power transmission device may control the flowchart of FIG. 5 based on the current value detected by the current sensor of the power reception side power transmission device.
- the output current value may be acquired by communication between the controllers.
- both the first power transmission device 10 and the second power transmission device 20 are provided with current sensors.
- the current sensor may be provided only in either one.
- the controller of the power transmission device on the side where the current sensor is not provided acquires information on the current value from the controller of the power transmission device on the side where the current sensor is provided, and based on the acquired current value, You may make it perform control of the flowchart of FIG. In this case, the current value may be acquired by communication.
- both the first power transmission device 10 and the second power transmission device 20 include a controller.
- only one controller is provided outside the first power transmission device 10 and the second power transmission device 20, and each of the first power transmission device 10 and the second power transmission device 20 includes a communication unit, and an external controller
- the switching circuit may be controlled by receiving a control signal.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of the bidirectional wireless power transmission system according to the second embodiment.
- the bidirectional wireless power transmission system includes a first power transmission device 10 and a second power transmission device 20.
- the first power transmission device 10 and the second power transmission device 20 can operate as a power transmission device and a power reception device that transmit power by a magnetic field coupling method, respectively.
- the first power transmission device 10 and the second power transmission device 20 perform, for example, bidirectional power transmission between batteries.
- This battery is incorporated in, for example, industrial equipment and portable electronic equipment. Examples of portable electronic devices include mobile phones, PDAs, portable music players, notebook PCs, digital cameras, and the like.
- the first power transmission device 10 includes a secondary battery B1.
- a switching circuit S1 is connected to the secondary battery B1.
- the secondary battery B1 and the switching circuit S1 have the same configuration as that of the first embodiment.
- a capacitor circuit Cx1 is connected to a connection point between the switching elements Q11 and Q12 and a connection point between the switching elements Q13 and Q14.
- the capacitive circuit Cx1 is formed of a differential circuit and includes four capacitors Cs11, Cp11, and Cp12 connected in series or in parallel.
- a power transmission / reception coil L1 is connected to the capacitance circuit Cx1.
- the second power transmission device 20 includes a secondary battery B2.
- a switching circuit S2 is connected to the secondary battery B2.
- the secondary battery B2 and the switching circuit S2 have the same configuration as that of the first embodiment.
- a capacitor circuit Cx2 is connected to the connection point of the switching elements Q21 and Q22 and the connection point of the switching elements Q23 and Q24.
- the capacitive circuit Cx2 is configured by a differential circuit and includes four capacitors Cs21, Cp21, and Cp22 connected in series or in parallel.
- a power transmission / reception coil L2 is connected to the capacitance circuit Cx2.
- the power transmission / reception coil L1 of the first power transmission device 10 and the power transmission / reception coil L2 of the second power transmission device 20 constitute an inductive coupling circuit Lx described later.
- inductive coupling can be further enhanced. .
- the predetermined facing state as shown in FIG. 6 may be a proximity state as shown in FIG.
- the proximity state is between the first power transmission coil (the power transmission / reception coil L1 of the first power transmission device 10) and the second power transmission coil (the power transmission / reception coil L2 of the second power transmission device 20) that are in the facing state.
- the distance is shorter than the longest length in the coil central axis direction of the power transmission / reception coil L1 and the power transmission / reception coil L2.
- FIG. 13 illustrates the case where the longest length in the coil central axis direction of the first power transmission coil in the opposed state is the same as the longest length in the coil central axis direction of the second power transmission coil. Not limited to.
- the size may be different.
- the proximity state means that the distance between the first power transmission coil and the second power transmission coil in the opposed state is the coil of the first power transmission coil. It is assumed that the shortest of the longest length in the central axis direction and the longest length in the coil central axis direction of the second power transmission coil is shorter.
- first power transmission circuit of the first power transmission device 10 and the second power transmission circuit of the second power transmission device 20 are configured to be electrically symmetrical as will be described later.
- the first power transmission circuit of the first power transmission device 10 and the second power transmission circuit of the second power transmission device 20 are configured to be more electrically symmetric.
- the first power transmission device 10 and the second power transmission device 20 can operate as either a power transmission device or a power reception device.
- a case where the first power transmission device 10 operates as a power transmission device and the second power transmission device 20 operates as a power reception device will be described.
- the switching circuit S1 converts the DC voltage of the secondary battery into an AC voltage using a full bridge circuit and outputs the AC voltage to the capacitance circuit Cx1. That is, the switching circuit S1 functions as a DC-AC conversion circuit (inverter). The AC voltage generated by the switching circuit S1 is applied to the power transmission / reception coil L1 via the capacitance circuit Cx1.
- the power transmission / reception coil of the second power transmission device 20 is formed by magnetic coupling by mutual inductance formed between the power transmission / reception coil L1 of the first power transmission device 10 and the power transmission / reception coil L2 of the second power transmission device 20.
- An alternating voltage is induced at L2.
- the induced AC voltage is output to the switching circuit S2 via the capacitive circuit Cx2.
- the switching circuit S2 functions as an AC-DC conversion circuit (rectifier circuit) as in the first embodiment. Therefore, the AC voltage output from the capacitance circuit Cx2 to the switching circuit S2 is rectified by the switching circuit S2, converted into a DC voltage, and applied to the secondary battery B2.
- the voltage applied to the secondary battery B2 becomes a predetermined voltage higher than the voltage of the secondary battery B2 in the non-charged state by the controller 15 of the first power transmission device 10 functioning as a power transmission device. So that it is controlled. Therefore, the power of the secondary battery B1 of the first power transmission device 10 is transmitted to the second power transmission device 20, and the secondary battery B2 is charged.
- the second power transmission device 20 operates as a power transmission device
- the first power transmission device 10 operates as a power transmission device
- the second power transmission device 20 operates as a power transmission device
- the first power transmission device 10 operates as a power transmission device.
- the power of the secondary battery B2 of the second power transmission device 20 is transmitted to the first power transmission device 10 and the secondary battery B1 is charged contrary to the above. .
- the first power transmission device 10 and the second power transmission device 20 have substantially the same circuit configuration and are configured to have substantially the same electrical characteristics. Since the power is transmitted from the first power transmission device 10 to the second power transmission device 20 and when the power is transmitted from the second power transmission device 20 to the first power transmission device 10, the power transmission is almost the same. Electric power can be transmitted under the same conditions.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit of the composite resonance circuit.
- the input terminals IN1 and IN2 shown in FIG. 7A correspond to the connection points p11 and p12 in FIG. 6, and the switching circuit S1 is connected to the input terminals IN1 and IN2.
- Output terminals OUT1 and OUT2 shown in FIG. 7A correspond to the connection points p21 and p22 in FIG. 6, and the switching circuit S2 is connected to the output terminals OUT1 and OUT2.
- each of the capacitance circuits Cx1 and Cx2 is represented by a ⁇ -type equivalent circuit including three capacitors Cs11, Cp11, and Cp12.
- Each of the inductive coupling circuits Lx including the power transmission / reception coil L1 and the power transmission / reception coil L2 is represented by a T-type equivalent circuit.
- L11 + Lm is the self-inductance of the power transmission / reception coil L1
- L21 + Lm is the self-inductance of the power transmission / reception coil L2
- Lm is the mutual inductance of the power transmission / reception coil L1 and the power transmission / reception coil L2.
- the capacitive circuits Cx1 and Cx2 are capacitive, and the inductive coupling circuit Lx is inductive.
- the capacitive circuit Cx1 and the inductive coupling circuit The capacitance and inductance of each element are set so that the portion combined with Lx is inductive.
- the composite resonance circuit viewed from the input terminals IN1 and IN2 forms a parallel resonance circuit in which capacitive and inductive properties are provided in parallel, and generates parallel resonance at a predetermined frequency.
- the first power transmission device 10 and the second power transmission device 20 are configured to be symmetrical circuits, as shown in FIG. Even when IN1 and IN2 and the output terminals OUT1 and OUT2 are interchanged with those in FIG. 7A, the capacitive circuit Cx2 and the inductive coupling circuit Lx are combined when the composite resonance circuit is viewed from the input terminals IN1 and IN2. The part becomes inductive, so that the composite resonant circuit viewed from the exchanged input terminals IN1 and IN2 forms a parallel resonant circuit in which capacitive and inductive properties are provided in parallel. For this reason, parallel resonance occurs at a predetermined frequency.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the frequency characteristics of the input impedance of the composite resonance circuit shown by the equivalent circuit of FIG.
- FIG. 8 shows the input impedance when the output terminals OUT1 and OUT2 are viewed from the input terminals IN1 and IN2 of the composite resonance circuit.
- f0 is the parallel resonance frequency of the composite resonance circuit.
- f0 is, for example, 500 kHz.
- the input impedance becomes high at the parallel resonance frequency f0.
- the output terminals OUT1 and OUT2 are open, the input impedance is the highest.
- the wireless power transmission system when the wireless power transmission system is operated at the parallel resonance frequency f0, when the load is reduced, the input impedance of the composite resonance circuit is increased. As a result, the transmission power (current flowing through the circuit) of the wireless power transmission system is reduced.
- the input impedance of the composite resonance circuit decreases, and as a result, the transmittable power of the wireless power transmission system increases.
- the input impedance at the parallel resonance frequency f0 decreases, so that the transmission power (current flowing through the circuit) increases. Due to this characteristic, in a certain load range, even when the operating frequency is the parallel resonance frequency f0 and the duty ratio is the maximum value (50%) (without controlling these), power can be transmitted according to the load.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing frequency characteristics of output power of the composite resonance circuit.
- the output power of the composite resonance circuit is the smallest at the parallel resonance frequency f0, and increases before and after that. Therefore, transmission power can be controlled by controlling the operating frequency.
- the load power consumption of the secondary battery B2
- the input impedance is changed by shifting the operation frequency to a side higher or lower than the parallel resonance frequency f0.
- the transmission power can be increased by reducing the transmission power.
- the input frequency can be increased and the transmission power can be reduced by bringing the operating frequency close to the parallel resonance frequency f0.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing frequency characteristics of output power of the composite resonance circuit.
- the output power of the composite resonance circuit is the smallest at the parallel resonance frequency f0, and increases before and after that. Therefore, transmission power can be controlled by controlling the operating frequency.
- the load power consumption of the secondary battery B2
- the input impedance is changed by shifting the operation frequency to a side higher or lower than the parallel resonance frequency f
- the controllers 15 and 25 of the present embodiment control the transmission power by controlling the operating frequency in a predetermined range (a range up to f1) lower than the parallel resonance frequency f0.
- a predetermined range a range up to f1 lower than the parallel resonance frequency f0.
- the power control of the controllers 15 and 25 of the first power transmission device 10 and the second power transmission device 20 can be performed in substantially the same manner according to the flowchart of FIG. 5 of the first embodiment, but the processing is slightly different only in steps S16 and S20. . That is, in step S16, the drive frequency is decreased, and in step S20, the drive frequency is increased. Thereby, transmission power can be controlled in accordance with the characteristics shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram of a bidirectional wireless power transmission system according to a first modification of the second embodiment.
- the capacitance circuit Cx1 of the first power transmission device 10 is configured to include six capacitors Cs11, Cp11, and Cp12.
- the capacitance circuit Cx2 of the second power transmission device 20 is configured to include six capacitors Cs21, Cp21, and Cp22.
- Other configurations are the same as those in the second embodiment.
- the equivalent circuit is the same as that shown in FIG. Even with such a configuration, the same effect as in the second embodiment can be obtained.
- FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram of a bidirectional wireless power transmission system according to a second modification of the second embodiment.
- the first power transmission device 10 and the second power transmission device 20 are each configured by a single-ended circuit.
- the capacity circuit Cx1 of the 1st electric power transmission apparatus 10 has the three capacitors Cs11, Cp11, and Cp12, and is comprised.
- the capacitance circuit Cx2 of the second power transmission device 20 is configured to include three capacitors Cs21, Cp21, and Cp22.
- each of the switching circuits S1 and S2 is a half-bridge circuit.
- the switching elements Q11 and Q12 of the switching circuit S1 are each configured by a MOSFET and a driver is connected to the gate. Each driver is connected to a controller 15 (Controller).
- the controller 15 controls ON / OFF of the switching elements Q11 and Q12 via a driver. Specifically, the controller 15 turns on and off the switching element Q11 and the switching element Q12 alternately. Further, the controller 15 can control the ON / OFF frequency (switching frequency) and the duty ratio.
- the switching circuit S2 is a half-bridge circuit.
- the switching elements Q21 and Q22 of the switching circuit S2 are each configured by a MOSFET and a driver is connected to the gate.
- Each driver is connected to a controller 25 (Controller).
- the controller 25 controls ON / OFF of the switching elements Q21 and Q22 via a driver. Specifically, the controller 25 alternately turns on and off the switching element Q21 and the switching element Q22. Further, the controller 25 can control the ON / OFF frequency (switching frequency) and the duty ratio.
- the capacitance circuits Cx1 and Cx2 have 3 to 6 capacitors.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the capacitance circuits Cx1 and Cx2 only need to have at least one capacitor connected in series and at least one capacitor connected in parallel.
- the bidirectional wireless power transmission system is a bidirectional wireless power transmission system that wirelessly transmits power between a first power transmission device 10 and a second power transmission device 20 in a bidirectional manner using an electric field coupling method. is there.
- the first power transmission device 10 is A first switching circuit S1 having one end connected to the first secondary battery B1, A first transformer T1 having one end connected to the other end of the first switching circuit S1, A first power transmission circuit including an active electrode 11 and a passive electrode 12 (first power transmission electrode) connected to the other end of the first transformer T1 is provided.
- the second power transmission device 20 is A second switching circuit S2 having one end connected to the second secondary battery B2, A second transformer T2 having one end connected to the other end of the second switching circuit S2, A second power transmission circuit including an active electrode 21 and a passive electrode 22 (second power transmission electrode) connected to the other end of the second transformer T2 is provided.
- the first power transmission circuit and the second power transmission circuit are configured to be electrically symmetric, A first transformer T1 and a second transformer T2 are included through capacitive coupling between the active electrode 11 and passive electrode 12 (first power transmission electrode) and the active electrode 21 and passive electrode 22 (second power transmission electrode).
- a composite resonant circuit is configured.
- the controller 15 and 25 which detect transmission power and drive at least the side which transmits electric power among 1st switching circuit S1 and 2nd switching circuit S2 are provided. Controllers 15 and 25 (control circuit) When transmitting power from one of the first power transmission device 10 and the second power transmission device 20 to the other, Driving at least the power transmission side of the first switching circuit S1 and the second switching circuit S2 using the parallel resonance frequency f0 of the composite resonance circuit as a reference frequency of the operating frequency; When the transmission power becomes smaller than the target power that is the control target while driving at the reference frequency, if the duty ratio on the power transmission side is maximum, the operating frequency is set to a frequency that is higher or lower than the reference frequency. Change to
- the circuits of the first power transmission device 10 and the second power transmission device 20 are configured electrically symmetrically, bidirectional power transmission operation is possible. Further, the transmission power can be controlled by controlling the driving frequency and the duty ratio.
- the distance between the active electrode 11 and passive electrode 12 (first power transmission electrode) and the active electrode 21 and passive electrode 22 (second power transmission electrode) is active.
- the electrode 11 and the passive electrode 12 (first power transmission electrode) and the active electrode 21 and the passive electrode 22 (second power transmission electrode) are electrically symmetric when they are in a proximity state shorter than the longest length in the plane direction.
- the first transformer T1 and the first transformer T1 are connected to each other through the capacitive coupling between the active electrode 11 and the passive electrode 12 (first power transmission electrode) and the active electrode 21 and the passive electrode 22 (second power transmission electrode).
- a composite resonance circuit including two transformers T2 is configured.
- the first power transmission circuit and the second power transmission circuit are more electrically symmetrical.
- the bidirectional wireless power transmission system is a bidirectional wireless power transmission system that wirelessly transmits power between the first power transmission device 10 and the second power transmission device 20 in a bidirectional manner using a magnetic field coupling method. is there.
- the first power transmission device 10 is A first switching circuit S1 having one end connected to the first secondary battery B1, A first capacitance circuit Cx1 having one end connected to the other end of the first switching circuit S1, A first power transmission circuit including a power transmission / reception coil L1 (first power transmission coil) connected to the other end of the first capacitance circuit Cx1 is provided.
- the second power transmission device 20 is A second switching circuit S2 having one end connected to the second secondary battery B2, A second capacitance circuit Cx2 having one end connected to the other end of the second switching circuit S2, A second power transmission circuit including a power transmission / reception coil L2 (second power transmission coil) connected to the other end of the second capacitance circuit Cx2.
- the first power transmission circuit and the second power transmission circuit are configured to be electrically symmetric, A composite resonance circuit including a first capacitance circuit Cx1 and a second capacitance circuit Cx2 via inductive coupling between the power transmission / reception coil L1 (first power transmission coil) and the power transmission / reception coil L2 (second power transmission coil) It is configured.
- the controller 15 and 25 which detect transmission power and drive at least the side which transmits electric power among 1st switching circuit S1 and 2nd switching circuit S2 are provided. Controllers 15 and 25 (control circuit) When transmitting power from one of the first power transmission device 10 and the second power transmission device 20 to the other, Driving at least the power transmission side of the first switching circuit S1 and the second switching circuit S2 using the parallel resonance frequency f0 of the composite resonance circuit as a reference frequency of the operating frequency; When the transmission power becomes smaller than the target power that is the control target while driving at the reference frequency, if the duty ratio on the power transmission side is maximum, the operating frequency is set to a frequency that is higher or lower than the reference frequency. Change to
- bidirectional power transmission is possible because the circuits of the first power transmission device 10 and the second power transmission device 20 are electrically symmetrical. Moreover, transmission power can be controlled by controlling the drive frequency.
- the distance between the power transmission / reception coil L1 (first power transmission coil) and the power transmission / reception coil L2 (second power transmission coil) is the power transmission / reception coil L1 (first power transmission coil).
- the power transmission coil) and the power transmission / reception coil L2 (second power transmission coil) are configured to be electrically symmetric when in a close state shorter than the longest length,
- a first transformer T1 and a second transformer T2 are included through an inductive coupling between the power transmission / reception coil L1 (first power transmission coil) and the power transmission / reception coil L2 (second power transmission coil).
- a composite resonant circuit is configured.
- the first power transmission circuit and the second power transmission circuit are more electrically symmetrical.
- the controllers 15 and 25 reduce the duty ratio when the transmission power is larger than the target power that is a control target.
- the drive frequency is the default frequency f0 (parallel resonance frequency f0)
- the input impedance is maximum, and the transmission power cannot be reduced even if the drive frequency is changed. For this reason, the duty ratio is reduced to reduce the transmission power and approach the target power that is the control target.
- the controllers 15 and 25 drive the first switching circuit S1 and the second switching circuit S2 synchronously at the same operating frequency, and perform synchronous rectification.
- Both the first switching circuit S1 and the second switching circuit S2 are full bridge circuits.
- the transmission frequency can be adjusted by controlling the operating frequency and the on-duty ratio on the power transmission side, and the synchronous rectification corresponding to the power transmission side can be performed on the power reception side.
- the controllers 15 and 25 detect the transmission power based on at least one of the input current of the switching circuit of one power transmission device and the output current of the switching circuit of the other power transmission device.
- the composite resonance circuit is configured such that the input impedance at the parallel resonance frequency f0 decreases as the load of the secondary battery of the other power transmission device increases.
- Embodiments 1 and 2 and their modifications are examples of the present invention.
- Various modifications, replacements, additions, omissions, and the like can be made to the above-described embodiments within the scope of the claims and the equivalent scope thereof.
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Abstract
Description
第1電力伝送装置は、
一端が第1二次電池に接続される第1スイッチング回路と、
一端が第1スイッチング回路の他端に接続される第1トランスと、
第1トランスの他端に接続される第1電力伝送電極と、を含む第1電力伝送回路を備える。
第2電力伝送装置は、
一端が第2二次電池に接続される第2スイッチング回路と、
一端が第2スイッチング回路の他端に接続される第2トランスと、
第2トランスの他端に接続される第2電力伝送電極と、を含む第2電力伝送回路を備える。
第1電力伝送回路と第2電力伝送回路とは、電気的に対称となるように構成されているとともに、
第1電力伝送電極と第2電力伝送電極との間の容量結合を介して、第1トランスと第2トランスとを含む複合共振回路が構成される。
伝送電力を検出して、第1スイッチング回路及び第2スイッチング回路のうち少なくとも電力を送電する側を駆動する制御回路を備える。
制御回路は、
第1電力伝送装置及び第2電力伝送装置の一方から他方に電力を伝送させる際、
複合共振回路の並列共振周波数を動作周波数の基準周波数として第1スイッチング回路及び第2スイッチング回路のうち少なくとも電力を送電する側を駆動し、
基準周波数で駆動中に伝送電力が制御目標よりも小さくなった場合において、電力を送電する側のデューティ比が最大の場合は、動作周波数を、基準周波数よりも高い周波数または低い周波数に変更する。
第1電力伝送装置は、
一端が第1二次電池に接続される第1スイッチング回路と、
一端が第1スイッチング回路の他端に接続される第1容量回路と、
第1容量回路の他端に接続される第1電力伝送コイルと、を含む第1電力伝送回路を備える。
第2電力伝送装置は、
一端が第2二次電池に接続される第2スイッチング回路と、
一端が第2スイッチング回路の他端に接続される第2容量回路と、
第2容量回路の他端に接続される第2電力伝送コイルと、を含む第2電力伝送回路を備える。
第1電力伝送回路と第2電力伝送回路とは、電気的に対称となるように構成されているとともに、
第1電力伝送コイルと第2電力伝送コイルとの間の誘導結合を介して、第1容量回路と第2容量回路とを含む複合共振回路が構成されている。
伝送電力を検出して、第1スイッチング回路及び第2スイッチング回路のうち少なくとも電力を送電する側を駆動する制御回路を備える。
制御回路は、
第1電力伝送装置及び第2電力伝送装置の一方から他方に電力を伝送させる際、
複合共振回路の並列共振周波数を動作周波数の基準周波数として第1スイッチング回路及び第2スイッチング回路のうち少なくとも電力を送電する側を駆動し、
基準周波数で駆動中に伝送電力が制御目標よりも小さくなった場合において、電力を送電する側のデューティ比が最大の場合は、動作周波数を、基準周波数よりも高い周波数または低い周波数に変更する。
実施形態1では、送電側電力伝送装置のコントローラは、当該送電側電力伝送装置の電流センサで検出された電流値に基づいて図5のフローチャートの制御を行う。しかし、送電側電力伝送装置のコントローラは、受電側電力伝送装置の電流センサで検出された電流値に基づいて、図5のフローチャートの制御を行うようにしてもよい。この場合、コントローラ間の通信により出力電流値を取得するようにすればよい。
実施形態1では、第1電力伝送装置10と第2電力伝送装置20の両方に電流センサが設けられている。しかし、電流センサは、いずれか一方にのみ設けられてもよい。この場合、電流センサが設けられていない側の電力伝送装置のコントローラは、電流センサが設けられている側の電力伝送装置のコントローラから電流値の情報を取得し、取得した電流値に基づいて、図5のフローチャートの制御を行うようにしてもよい。この場合、電流値は通信により取得するようにすればよい。
実施形態1では、第1電力伝送装置10と第2電力伝送装置20の両方がコントローラを備えている。しかし、コントローラを、第1電力伝送装置10と第2電力伝送装置20の外部に1個だけ設け、第1電力伝送装置10と第2電力伝送装置20はそれぞれ通信部を備え、外部のコントローラから制御信号を受けてスイッチング回路の制御を行うようにしてもよい。
実施形態1及びその変形例では、電界結合方式を採用した双方向ワイヤレス電力伝送システムについて説明した。しかし、本発明は、磁界結合方式を採用した双方向ワイヤレス電力伝送システムにも適用可能である。以下、磁界結合方式を採用した双方向ワイヤレス電力伝送システムについて、電界結合方式を採用した双方向ワイヤレス電力伝送システムとの相違点を中心として説明する。
図10は、実施形態2の第1の変形例に係る双方向ワイヤレス電力伝送システムの回路図である。図10の双方向ワイヤレス電力伝送システムでは、第1電力伝送装置10の容量回路Cx1が、6個のキャパシタCs11,Cp11,Cp12を有して構成されている。また、第2電力伝送装置20の容量回路Cx2が、6個のキャパシタCs21,Cp21,Cp22を有して構成されている。それ以外の構成は、実施の形態2と同様である。また、等価回路は、特に図示しないが図7と同様の回路となる。このような構成によっても、実施の形態2と同様の効果が得られる。
図11は、実施形態2の第2の変形例に係る双方向ワイヤレス電力伝送システムの回路図である。図11の双方向ワイヤレス電力伝送システムでは、第1電力伝送装置10及び第2電力伝送装置20は、それぞれ、シングルエンド型の回路で構成されている。そして、第1電力伝送装置10の容量回路Cx1が、3個のキャパシタCs11,Cp11,Cp12を有して構成されている。また、第2電力伝送装置20の容量回路Cx2が、3個のキャパシタCs21,Cp21,Cp22を有して構成されている。また、スイッチング回路S1,S2は、それぞれ、ハーフブリッジ型の回路で構成されている。
実施形態2及びその第1、第2の変形例では、容量回路Cx1,Cx2は、3~6個のキャパシタを有しているが、これに限定されるものではない。容量回路Cx1,Cx2は、少なくとも1個の直列接続のキャパシタと少なくとも1個の並列接続のキャパシタを有していればよい。
実施形態1に係る双方向ワイヤレス電力伝送システムは、第1電力伝送装置10と第2電力伝送装置20との間で電界結合方式により双方向にワイヤレスで電力を伝送する双方向ワイヤレス電力伝送システムである。
第1電力伝送装置10は、
一端が第1二次電池B1に接続される第1スイッチング回路S1と、
一端が第1スイッチング回路S1の他端に接続される第1トランスT1と、
第1トランスT1の他端に接続されるアクティブ電極11及びパッシブ電極12(第1電力伝送電極)と、を含む第1電力伝送回路を備える。
第2電力伝送装置20は、
一端が第2二次電池B2に接続される第2スイッチング回路S2と、
一端が第2スイッチング回路S2の他端に接続される第2トランスT2と、
第2トランスT2の他端に接続されるアクティブ電極21及びパッシブ電極22(第2電力伝送電極)と、を含む第2電力伝送回路を備える。
第1電力伝送回路と第2電力伝送回路とは、電気的に対称となるように構成されているとともに、
アクティブ電極11及びパッシブ電極12(第1電力伝送電極)とアクティブ電極21及びパッシブ電極22(第2電力伝送電極)との間の容量結合を介して第1トランスT1と第2トランスT2とを含む複合共振回路が構成される。
伝送電力を検出して、第1スイッチング回路S1及び第2スイッチング回路S2のうち少なくとも電力を送電する側を駆動するコントローラ15,25(制御回路)を備える。
コントローラ15,25(制御回路)は、
第1電力伝送装置10及び第2電力伝送装置20の一方から他方に電力を伝送させる際、
複合共振回路の並列共振周波数f0を動作周波数の基準周波数として第1スイッチング回路S1及び第2スイッチング回路S2のうち少なくとも電力を送電する側を駆動し、
基準周波数で駆動中に伝送電力が制御目標である目標電力よりも小さくなった場合において、電力を送電する側のデューティ比が最大の場合は、動作周波数を、基準周波数よりも高い周波数または低い周波数に変更する。
第1電力伝送回路と第2電力伝送回路とは、アクティブ電極11及びパッシブ電極12(第1電力伝送電極)とアクティブ電極21及びパッシブ電極22(第2電力伝送電極)との間の距離がアクティブ電極11及びパッシブ電極12(第1電力伝送電極)及びアクティブ電極21及びパッシブ電極22(第2電力伝送電極)の平面方向の最長長さよりも短い近接状態にあるときに、電気的に対称となるように構成されているとともに、
前記近接状態において、アクティブ電極11及びパッシブ電極12(第1電力伝送電極)とアクティブ電極21及びパッシブ電極22(第2電力伝送電極)との間の容量結合を介して、第1トランスT1と第2トランスT2とを含む複合共振回路が構成される。
第1電力伝送装置10は、
一端が第1二次電池B1に接続される第1スイッチング回路S1と、
一端が第1スイッチング回路S1の他端に接続される第1容量回路Cx1と、
第1容量回路Cx1の他端に接続される送受電コイルL1(第1電力伝送コイル)と、を含む第1電力伝送回路を備える。
第2電力伝送装置20は、
一端が第2二次電池B2に接続される第2スイッチング回路S2と、
一端が第2スイッチング回路S2の他端に接続される第2容量回路Cx2と、
第2容量回路Cx2の他端に接続される送受電コイルL2(第2電力伝送コイル)と、を含む第2電力伝送回路を備える。
第1電力伝送回路と第2電力伝送回路とは、電気的に対称となるように構成されているとともに、
送受電コイルL1(第1電力伝送コイル)と送受電コイルL2(第2電力伝送コイル)との間の誘導結合を介して第1容量回路Cx1と第2容量回路Cx2とを含む複合共振回路が構成されている。
伝送電力を検出して、第1スイッチング回路S1及び第2スイッチング回路S2のうち少なくとも電力を送電する側を駆動するコントローラ15,25(制御回路)を備える。
コントローラ15,25(制御回路)は、
第1電力伝送装置10及び第2電力伝送装置20の一方から他方に電力を伝送させる際、
複合共振回路の並列共振周波数f0を動作周波数の基準周波数として第1スイッチング回路S1及び第2スイッチング回路S2のうち少なくとも電力を送電する側を駆動し、
基準周波数で駆動中に伝送電力が制御目標である目標電力よりも小さくなった場合において、電力を送電する側のデューティ比が最大の場合は、動作周波数を、基準周波数よりも高い周波数または低い周波数に変更する。
第1電力伝送回路と第2電力伝送回路とは、送受電コイルL1(第1電力伝送コイル)と送受電コイルL2(第2電力伝送コイル)との間の距離が送受電コイルL1(第1電力伝送コイル)及び送受電コイルL2(第2電力伝送コイル)の最長長さよりも短い近接状態にあるときに、電気的に対称となるように構成されているとともに、
前記近接状態において、送受電コイルL1(第1電力伝送コイル)と送受電コイルL2(第2電力伝送コイル)との間の誘導結合を介して、第1トランスT1と第2トランスT2とを含む複合共振回路が構成される。
コントローラ15,25(制御回路)は、基準周波数での動作において、伝送電力が制御目標である目標電力よりも大きい場合は、デューティ比を低下させる。
コントローラ15,25(制御回路)は、第1スイッチング回路S1及び第2スイッチング回路S2を、同一の動作周波数で同期して駆動し、同期整流を行う。
第1スイッチング回路S1と第2スイッチング回路S2は、ともにフルブリッジ回路である。
コントローラ15,25(制御回路)は、伝送電力を、一方の電力伝送装置のスイッチング回路の入力電流と他方の電力伝送装置のスイッチング回路の出力電流とのうち少なくとも一方に基づいて検出する。
複合共振回路は、他方の電力伝送装置の二次電池による負荷が大きくなるほど並列共振周波数f0における入力インピーダンスが小さくなるように構成されている。
実施形態1,2及びそれらの変形例は、本発明の一例を説明したものである。本発明において、各実施形態の特徴部分を組み合わることも可能である。また、特許請求の範囲またはその均等の範囲において、上述の実施の形態に対して、種々の変更、置き換え、付加、省略などを行うことができる。
11 アクティブ電極
12 パッシブ電極
15 コントローラ
16 電流センサ
20 第2電力伝送装置
21 アクティブ電極
22 パッシブ電極
25 コントローラ
26 電流センサ
B1 二次電池
B2 二次電池
Cx 容量結合回路
Cx1 容量回路
Cx2 容量回路
L1 送受電コイル
L2 送受電コイル
L11 1次コイル
L12 2次コイル
L21 1次コイル
L22 2次コイル
Lx 誘導結合回路
Q11,Q12,Q13,Q14 スイッチング素子
Q21,Q22,Q23,Q24 スイッチング素子
S1 スイッチング回路
S2 スイッチング回路
T1 トランス
T2 トランス
Claims (14)
- 第1電力伝送装置と第2電力伝送装置との間で電界結合方式により双方向にワイヤレスで電力を伝送する双方向ワイヤレス電力伝送システムであって、
前記第1電力伝送装置は、
一端が第1二次電池に接続される第1スイッチング回路と、
一端が前記第1スイッチング回路の他端に接続される第1トランスと、
前記第1トランスの他端に接続される第1電力伝送電極と、を含む第1電力伝送回路を備え、
前記第2電力伝送装置は、
一端が第2二次電池に接続される第2スイッチング回路と、
一端が前記第2スイッチング回路の他端に接続される第2トランスと、
前記第2トランスの他端に接続される第2電力伝送電極と、を含む第2電力伝送回路を備え、
前記第1電力伝送回路と前記第2電力伝送回路とは、電気的に対称となるように構成されているとともに、
前記第1電力伝送電極と前記第2電力伝送電極との間の容量結合を介して、前記第1トランスと前記第2トランスとを含む複合共振回路が構成され、
伝送電力を検出して、前記第1スイッチング回路及び第2スイッチング回路のうち少なくとも電力を送電する側を駆動する制御回路を備え、
前記制御回路は、
前記第1電力伝送装置及び前記第2電力伝送装置の一方から他方に電力を伝送させる際、
前記複合共振回路の並列共振周波数を動作周波数の基準周波数として前記第1スイッチング回路及び第2スイッチング回路のうち少なくとも電力を送電する側を駆動し、
前記基準周波数で駆動中に前記伝送電力が制御目標よりも小さくなった場合において、前記電力を送電する側のデューティ比が最大の場合は、前記動作周波数を、前記基準周波数よりも高い周波数または低い周波数に変更する、双方向ワイヤレス電力伝送システム。 - 前記第1電力伝送回路と前記第2電力伝送回路とは、前記第1電力伝送電極と前記第2電力伝送電極との間の距離が前記第1電力伝送電極及び前記第2電力伝送電極の平面方向の最長長さよりも短い近接状態にあるときに、電気的に対称となるように構成されているとともに、
前記近接状態において、前記第1電力伝送電極と前記第2電力伝送電極との間の容量結合を介して、前記第1トランスと前記第2トランスとを含む複合共振回路が構成される、請求項1に記載の双方向ワイヤレス電力伝送システム。 - 前記制御回路は、前記基準周波数での動作において、前記伝送電力が前記制御目標よりも大きい場合は、前記デューティ比を低下させる、請求項1または2に記載の双方向ワイヤレス電力伝送システム。
- 前記制御回路は、前記第1スイッチング回路及び第2スイッチング回路を、同一の動作周波数で同期して駆動し、同期整流を行う、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の双方向ワイヤレス電力伝送システム。
- 前記第1スイッチング回路と前記第2スイッチング回路は、ともにフルブリッジ回路である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の双方向ワイヤレス電力伝送システム。
- 前記制御回路は、前記伝送電力を、前記一方の電力伝送装置のスイッチング回路の入力電流と前記他方の電力伝送装置のスイッチング回路の出力電流とのうち少なくとも一方に基づいて検出する、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の双方向ワイヤレス電力伝送システム。
- 前記複合共振回路は、前記他方の電力伝送装置の二次電池による負荷が大きくなるほど前記並列共振周波数における入力インピーダンスが小さくなるように構成されている、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の双方向ワイヤレス電力伝送システム。
- 第1電力伝送装置と第2電力伝送装置との間で磁界結合方式により双方向にワイヤレスで電力を伝送する双方向ワイヤレス電力伝送システムであって、
前記第1電力伝送装置は、
一端が第1二次電池に接続される第1スイッチング回路と、
一端が前記第1スイッチング回路の他端に接続される第1容量回路と、
前記第1容量回路の他端に接続される第1電力伝送コイルと、を含む第1電力伝送回路を備え、
前記第2電力伝送装置は、
一端が第2二次電池に接続される第2スイッチング回路と、
一端が前記第2スイッチング回路の他端に接続される第2容量回路と、
前記第2容量回路の他端に接続される第2電力伝送コイルと、を含む第2電力伝送回路を備え、
を備え、
前記第1電力伝送回路と前記第2電力伝送回路とは、電気的に対称となるように構成されているとともに、
前記第1電力伝送コイルと前記第2電力伝送コイルとの間の誘導結合を介して、前記第1容量回路と前記第2容量回路とを含む複合共振回路が構成され、
伝送電力を検出して、前記第1スイッチング回路及び第2スイッチング回路のうち少なくとも電力を送電する側を駆動する制御回路を備え、
前記制御回路は、
前記第1電力伝送装置及び前記第2電力伝送装置の一方から他方に電力を伝送させる際、
前記複合共振回路の並列共振周波数を動作周波数の基準周波数として前記第1スイッチング回路及び第2スイッチング回路のうち少なくとも電力を送電する側を駆動し、
前記基準周波数で駆動中に前記伝送電力が制御目標よりも小さくなった場合において、前記電力を送電する側のデューティ比が最大の場合は、前記動作周波数を、前記基準周波数よりも高い周波数または低い周波数に変更する、双方向ワイヤレス電力伝送システム。 - 前記第1電力伝送回路と前記第2電力伝送回路とは、前記第1電力伝送コイルと前記第2電力伝送コイルとの間の距離が前記第1電力伝送コイル及び前記第2電力伝送コイルの最長長さよりも短い近接状態にあるときに、電気的に対称となるように構成されているとともに、
前記近接状態において、前記第1電力伝送コイルと前記第2電力伝送コイルとの間の誘導結合を介して、前記第1トランスと前記第2トランスとを含む複合共振回路が構成される、請求項8に記載の双方向ワイヤレス電力伝送システム。 - 前記制御回路は、前記基準周波数での動作において、前記伝送電力が前記制御目標よりも大きい場合は、前記デューティ比を低下させる、請求項8または9に記載の双方向ワイヤレス電力伝送システム。
- 前記制御回路は、前記第1スイッチング回路及び第2スイッチング回路を、同一の動作周波数で同期して駆動し、同期整流を行う、請求項8~10のいずれか1項に記載の双方向ワイヤレス電力伝送システム。
- 前記第1スイッチング回路と前記第2スイッチング回路は、ともにフルブリッジ回路である、請求項8~11のいずれか1項に記載の双方向ワイヤレス電力伝送システム。
- 前記制御回路は、前記伝送電力を、前記一方の電力伝送装置のスイッチング回路の入力電流と前記他方の電力伝送装置のスイッチング回路の出力電流とのうち少なくとも一方に基づいて検出する、請求項8~12のいずれか1項に記載の双方向ワイヤレス電力伝送システム。
- 前記複合共振回路は、前記他方の電力伝送装置の二次電池による負荷が大きくなるほど前記並列共振周波数における入力インピーダンスが小さくなるように構成されている、請求項8~13のいずれか1項に記載の双方向ワイヤレス電力伝送システム。
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CN113632361A (zh) * | 2019-03-25 | 2021-11-09 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | 开关电源装置 |
CN113632361B (zh) * | 2019-03-25 | 2023-12-05 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | 开关电源装置 |
WO2021049346A1 (ja) * | 2019-09-09 | 2021-03-18 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 送電装置および無線電力伝送システム |
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EP3633822A1 (en) | 2020-04-08 |
JPWO2018216734A1 (ja) | 2019-06-27 |
CN110036550A (zh) | 2019-07-19 |
EP3633822A4 (en) | 2020-12-09 |
US10938244B2 (en) | 2021-03-02 |
JP6590112B2 (ja) | 2019-10-16 |
US20190280529A1 (en) | 2019-09-12 |
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