WO2018209928A1 - 三维物体数据的分层方法、3d打印方法及设备 - Google Patents

三维物体数据的分层方法、3d打印方法及设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018209928A1
WO2018209928A1 PCT/CN2017/115333 CN2017115333W WO2018209928A1 WO 2018209928 A1 WO2018209928 A1 WO 2018209928A1 CN 2017115333 W CN2017115333 W CN 2017115333W WO 2018209928 A1 WO2018209928 A1 WO 2018209928A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
model
tooth
layer
cross
layer thickness
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PCT/CN2017/115333
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘震
于清晓
张朝鑫
Original Assignee
上海联泰科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 上海联泰科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 上海联泰科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP19219224.3A priority Critical patent/EP3659782A1/en
Priority to EP17910464.1A priority patent/EP3626429B1/en
Priority to KR1020197037198A priority patent/KR102149934B1/ko
Priority to KR1020197037174A priority patent/KR102149933B1/ko
Publication of WO2018209928A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018209928A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/08—Artificial teeth; Making same
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
    • B29C64/129—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/0003—Making bridge-work, inlays, implants or the like
    • A61C13/0004—Computer-assisted sizing or machining of dental prostheses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/0003—Making bridge-work, inlays, implants or the like
    • A61C13/0006—Production methods
    • A61C13/0019—Production methods using three dimensional printing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/34—Making or working of models, e.g. preliminary castings, trial dentures; Dowel pins [4]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/40—Structures for supporting 3D objects during manufacture and intended to be sacrificed after completion thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of 3D printing, and in particular, to a layering method for three-dimensional object data, a 3D printing method, and a device.
  • 3D printing is a kind of rapid prototyping technology. It is a technique for constructing objects by layer-by-layer printing based on digital model files using adhesive materials such as powder metal, plastic and resin.
  • a 3D printing device manufactures a 3D object by performing such a printing technique.
  • 3D printing equipment has a wide range of applications in the fields of molds, customized goods, medical fixtures, and prostheses due to high molding precision.
  • the 3D printing device based on the bottom exposure only needs to have a thick layer of light-curing material at the bottom of the container, which is more material-saving than the upper exposure, and thus is favored by many individual product manufacturers.
  • as a manufacturing technique for dentures it is possible to quickly and accurately produce dentures, thereby effectively improving the efficiency of dental treatment.
  • the present application provides a layering method for three-dimensional object data, a 3D printing method and a device for solving the problem that the denture takes too long in the 3D molding stage.
  • the present application provides a 3D printing method for a 3D printing apparatus, the 3D printing apparatus including a container for holding a photocurable material, and a component platform, the 3D printing method including: an adjustment station a spacing between the component platform and the preset printing reference plane to fill the photocurable material to be cured; curing the photocurable material within the spacing into a corresponding patterned cured layer according to a layered image in the tooth model; repeating the above steps Forming a tooth structure that is accumulated by the patterned solidified layer on the member platform, wherein the tooth structure includes a tooth portion and a tooth portion for supporting the tooth portion; wherein, in printing the tooth structure
  • the layer thickness of the at least one patterned cured layer constituting the tooth portion is smaller than the layer thickness of at least one patterned solidified layer constituting the toothed portion.
  • the layer thickness of each patterned cured layer used to form the tooth portion is less than the layer thickness of only the patterned cured layers that are used to form the adapter portion.
  • the spacing between the adjustment member platform and the predetermined printing reference plane fills the light to be cured
  • the method of curing the material comprises: adjusting a spacing between the member platform and a predetermined printing reference plane based on the marked layer thickness of the cross-section in the tooth model, wherein the dental model comprises: a model of the tooth portion and a toothed portion model supporting the tooth portion model; wherein the marked cross-sectional layer thickness comprises: at least one cross-sectional layer thickness in the tooth portion model, and at least one cross-section in the tooth portion portion model The layer thickness of the layer, at least one of the cross-sectional layer thicknesses in the tooth portion model being less than the layer thickness of at least one of the cross-sectional layers in the tooth holder portion model.
  • the spacing between the adjustment member platform and the predetermined printing reference plane to fill the photocurable material to be cured comprises: layer thickness of each layer in the tooth part model in the tooth model Adjusting the spacing between the at least two adjustment member platforms and the preset printing reference plane; and/or adjusting the member platform according to at least two cross-sectional layer thicknesses in the tooth portion model supporting the tooth portion model in the tooth model The spacing from the preset print plane.
  • the manner of curing the photocurable material within the spacing into a corresponding patterned cured layer in accordance with a layered image in the dental model comprises: at least one cross-sectional layer upon which the spacing is adjusted The layered image is illuminated on the photocured material within the spacing.
  • the present application also provides a layering method for three-dimensional object data, comprising: layering a tooth model to obtain respective cross-sections constituting the tooth model, wherein the tooth model is depicted in each cross-section a layered image at a respective layer; wherein the tooth model comprises: a tooth portion model and a tooth portion model for supporting the tooth portion model; wherein the layering process is set during the layering process
  • the layer thickness of at least one of the cross-sectional layers in the tooth portion model is less than the layer thickness of at least one of the cross-sectional layers in the tooth-portion portion model, and/or the tooth portion model and the adapter portion model are set between the two Converging cross-section.
  • the method further comprises: marking the intersection cross-section on the tooth model based on the acquired intersection cross-marking instruction; or identifying the tooth feature in the layered image depicted by at least a portion of the cross-sectional layer Information and/or support feature information, and an intersection of the tooth portion model and the adapter portion model is determined based on the recognition result.
  • the method of layering the tooth model comprises: layering the tooth model according to a predetermined layer thickness and marking the intersection cross-section; or demarcating the marked intersection cross-section
  • the tooth part model is layered according to the layer thickness of the tooth part model, and the tooth part part model is layered according to the layer thickness of the tooth part part model.
  • the present application further provides a 3D printing apparatus, comprising: a container for holding a photocurable material; a component platform for attaching the patterned cured layer obtained after irradiation to form a 3D member via the patterned solidified layer; a shaft driving mechanism connected to the component platform for controlledly adjusting a spacing between the component platform and a preset printing reference plane to fill a cured photocurable material; an exposure device for curing the photocurable material within the pitch into a corresponding patterned cured layer in accordance with a layered image in a tooth model to obtain a corresponding tooth structure, wherein the tooth structure comprises a tooth portion And a toothed portion supporting the tooth portion; a control device coupled to the Z-axis drive mechanism for controlling the Z-axis drive mechanism to adjust the spacing and satisfying during control of the Z-axis drive mechanism to adjust the pitch : a layer thickness of at least one patterned solidified layer constituting the tooth portion is smaller than a layer thickness of at least one patterned solidified layer constituting the tooth
  • the layer thickness of each patterned cured layer used to form the tooth portion is less than the layer thickness of only the patterned cured layers that are used to form the adapter portion.
  • control device includes: a storage unit for holding a file of the layered tooth model; wherein the tooth model includes a tooth portion model and teeth for supporting the tooth portion model Part of the model.
  • the memory unit further stores a cross-sectional layer thickness mark, and/or a cross-layer-owned model mark; wherein the cross-sectional layer thickness mark is used to identify at least one of the tooth part models a cross-sectional layer thickness; the at least one cross-sectional layer thickness marked is less than a layer thickness of at least one cross-sectional layer in the tooth holder portion model; the control device further comprising: a processing unit for basing the saved horizontal The cut mark, and/or the model mark to which the cross-layer belongs, adjusts the spacing between the component platform and the preset print datum.
  • control device is further configured to control the exposure device to illuminate the image based on the adjusted spacing.
  • the present application also provides a layering device for three-dimensional object data, comprising: a storage unit for holding a tooth model, wherein the tooth model comprises: a tooth portion model and a tooth portion model for supporting the tooth portion model a processing unit for layering the saved tooth models to obtain respective cross-sectional layers constituting the tooth model, each layered layer depicting a layered image of the tooth model at a corresponding layer
  • the layer thickness of at least one of the cross-sectional layers in the tooth portion model is set to be smaller than the layer thickness of at least one of the cross-sectional layers in the tooth portion model.
  • the processing unit is at least one cross-sectional mark in the tooth portion model and the adapter portion model respectively during the layering process; and/or the processing unit distinguishes during the layering process Marks belong to the teeth The cross section of the tooth part model and the tooth part part model.
  • the processing unit is further configured to: identify at least a portion of the tooth feature information or the support feature information of each of the layered images; and determine the intersection of the tooth portion model and the tooth portion model based on the recognition result Cross section.
  • the processing unit is configured to divide the tooth portion model according to a layer thickness of the tooth portion model by using the intersection cross-section as a boundary, and according to the tooth portion model The layer thickness is used to layer the tooth part model.
  • the tooth part model and the tooth part part model in the tooth model are divided during the layering process of the tooth model, and the tooth model is further marked or layered by the printing device to distinguish the printing, thereby realizing that the printing device can be more automated, More self-contained for the purpose of tooth structure printing.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a 3D printing apparatus of the present application in an embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a 3D printing apparatus of the present application in another embodiment.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a tooth structure of the present application in an embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a control device in a 3D printing device of an application in an embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a 3D printing method according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional layered structure in an embodiment in which a cross-sectional layer of a tooth model is layered by the 3D printing method of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional merge structure in an embodiment in which a cross-sectional layer of a dental model is combined and printed using the 3D printing method of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a layering method of the present application in an embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic flow chart of a layering method of the present application in another embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic flowchart of a layering method of the present application in still another embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a layered device of the present application in an embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are respectively schematic structural diagrams of a 3D printing apparatus provided by the present application
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of an embodiment of the 3D printing method of the present application.
  • the 3D printing device capable of performing the 3D printing method described in the present application at least includes: a container and a component platform, wherein the 3D printing device further includes: a Z-axis driving mechanism, in order to perform the method automatically and with high precision Exposure device and control device.
  • the 3D printing device may be a printing device based on SLA technology (ie, stereoscopic curing method); or a printing device based on DLP technology (ie, digital light processing).
  • the Z-axis drive mechanism (13, 23) is coupled to the component platform (12, 22) for controlled
  • the spacing of the component platform from the predetermined printing reference plane is adjusted to fill the photocurable material to be cured.
  • the printing reference surface refers to a starting surface on which the photocurable material is irradiated.
  • the Z-axis driving mechanism needs to move the member platform to such a position that the minimum distance between the member platform and the printing reference surface is the layer thickness of the solidified layer to be cured.
  • the printing reference surface is the bottom surface of the container, and in the SLA-based printing apparatus, the printing reference surface is a horizontal plane of the photocurable material determined by pre-calibration.
  • the Z-axis drive mechanism may include a first drive unit 231 and a first vertical movement unit 232.
  • the first driving unit 231 is configured to drive the first vertical moving unit 232 so that the first vertical moving unit 232 drives the component platform to move up and down.
  • the first driving unit 231 is a driving motor.
  • the first driving unit 231 is controlled by a control command.
  • the control command includes: a directional command for indicating the rise, fall, or stop of the component platform, and may even include parameters such as a speed/speed acceleration, or a torque/torque force. This is advantageous for accurately controlling the falling distance of the first vertical moving unit to achieve precise adjustment of the Z axis.
  • the first vertical moving unit 232 includes, for example, a fixing rod fixed to the member platform at one end and a snap-type moving assembly fixed to the other end of the fixing rod, wherein the snap-on moving assembly is driven by the driving unit.
  • the snap-on moving assembly is exemplified by a limit moving component that is engaged by a tooth structure, such as a rack or the like, which can be as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the first vertical moving unit 232 includes: a screw rod and a positioning movement structure screwing the screw rod, wherein both ends of the screw rod are screwed to the driving unit, and the extension end of the positioning moving structure Fixedly coupled to the component platform, the positioning movement structure includes: a nut-shaped structure including balls and a clamp, and the fixing rod.
  • the Z-axis driving mechanism 13 may also include a second driving unit 131 and a second vertical moving unit 132, and the second driving unit 131 is used for driving
  • the second vertical moving unit 132 is configured such that the second vertical moving unit 132 drives the component platform to move up and down.
  • the second driving unit 131 is a driving motor.
  • the second driving unit 131 is controlled by a control command.
  • the control command includes: a directional command for indicating the rise, fall or stop of the component platform, and may even include parameters such as speed/speed acceleration, or torque/torque, to facilitate precise control of the second vertical moving unit. The rising distance to achieve precise adjustment of the Z axis.
  • the second vertical moving unit 132 includes, for example, a fixing rod fixed to the member platform at one end, and a snap-on moving assembly fixed to the other end of the fixing rod, wherein the snap-on moving assembly is driven by the driving unit
  • the driving is to drive the fixing rod to move vertically.
  • the engaging moving component is exemplified by a limit moving component that is engaged by a tooth structure, such as a rack or the like, and the fixing rod can be as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the second vertical moving unit 132 includes: a screw rod and a positioning movement structure screwing the screw rod, wherein both ends of the screw rod are screwed to the driving unit, and the extension end of the positioning moving structure Fixedly coupled to the component platform, the positioning movement structure includes: a nut-shaped structure including balls and a clamp, and the fixing rod.
  • the exposure device is configured to cure the photocurable material within the pitch into a corresponding image according to a layered image in a tooth model
  • the layer is cured to obtain the corresponding tooth structure.
  • the resulting tooth structure comprises a tooth portion and a tooth portion that supports the tooth portion.
  • the tooth portion refers to all or part of the denture printed according to the production needs, for example, the tooth portion includes the entire denture tooth of the crown, the neck and the root, and, as shown in FIG. 3, The tooth portion contains only the crown and the neck.
  • the toothed portion refers to a support structure that supports the tooth portion printed in a gingival or rod-like structure according to the production requirements.
  • the tooth portion is a gum-shaped portion
  • the tooth portion is a crown and a neck, wherein the tooth portion supports the tooth portion in a wrap shape.
  • the exposure device 14 in the DLP-based printing device is positioned below the transparent bottom surface of the container, and the layered image is illuminated from the transparent substrate facing the photocurable material within the container.
  • the exposure device 14 includes a laser emitter, a lens group located on the exit path of the laser emitter, and a galvanometer group (not shown), wherein the lens group is used to change the laser light path and adjust the laser beam Focusing position, the galvanometer group is configured to scan the laser beam in a two-dimensional space of the bottom surface of the container according to the layered image in the received tooth model, and the photocurable material scanned by the beam is solidified into corresponding Pattern cured layer.
  • the exposure device 24 in the SLA-based printing device is positioned above the container 21 and scanned from the container opening to the photocurable material within the container in accordance with the layered image.
  • the exposure device 24 is mounted on the top layer of the printing apparatus and includes a laser emitter, a lens group on the exit path of the laser emitter, and a galvanometer group (not shown), wherein the lens group is used To change the laser beam path and adjust the focus position of the laser beam, the galvanometer group is configured to illuminate the laser beam from the container opening to the surface of the photocurable material according to the layered image in the received tooth model, and Scanning within the dimensional space, the photocured material scanned by the beam is cured into a corresponding patterned cured layer.
  • the processing unit 302 includes at least one of a CPU or a chip integrated with a CPU, a programmable logic device (FPGA), and a multi-core processor.
  • the processing unit 302 also includes a memory, a register, and the like for temporarily storing data.
  • the number of interface units 303 can be multiple and have different interface types.
  • Each of the interface units 303 is connected to a device that is independently packaged in a 3D printing device such as an exposure device and a Z-axis drive mechanism and transmits data through the interface.
  • the interface unit 303 determines its interface type according to the connected device, including but not limited to: a universal serial interface, a video interface, a industrial control interface, and the like.
  • the interface unit 303 includes: a USB interface, an HDMI interface, and an RS232 interface, wherein there are multiple USB interfaces and RS232 interfaces.
  • the control device further includes at least one of the following: a prompting device, a human-machine interaction device, and the like.
  • the USB interface can be connected to a human-machine interaction device, the RS232 interface is connected to the Z-axis drive mechanism, and the HDMI interface is connected to the exposure device.
  • the storage unit 301 is configured to save a file of the layered tooth model and a program for layering the tooth model.
  • the tooth model comprises a tooth part model and a tooth part model for supporting the tooth part model.
  • the processing unit 302 generates a control command for controlling the Z-axis drive mechanism and a layered image provided to the exposure device by running the program.
  • the control of the Z-axis drive mechanism by the processing unit 302 can be transmitted to the Z-axis drive mechanism in the form of a control command via the corresponding interface unit 303.
  • step S110 the spacing between the component platform and the preset printing reference plane is adjusted to fill the light curing to be cured. material.
  • step S130 whether the tooth model is printed is completed, and if not, S110 is executed, and if so, the process ends.
  • a tooth structure accumulated by the patterned solidified layer is formed on the member platform by repeatedly performing the above steps, wherein the tooth structure includes a tooth portion and a tooth portion for supporting the tooth portion.
  • the processing unit 302 adjusts the spacing between the component platforms and the printing reference plane in the vertical direction by controlling the Z-axis driving mechanism, so that the flow of the photocurable material in the container flows into the gaps within the spacing, or A filler device adds a photocurable material to the gap.
  • the pitch size adjusted by the processing unit 302 can be controlled by a technician's control command or can be determined by the layer thickness configured in the tooth model. More specifically, in printing the tooth structure, the layer thickness of the at least one pattern solidified layer constituting the tooth portion is smaller than the layer thickness of at least one pattern solidified layer constituting the tooth holder portion.
  • the cross-sections of the tooth part model do not necessarily have the same layer thickness, and the cross-section layers of the tooth part model do not necessarily have the same layer thickness.
  • the layer thickness of each cross-section of the tooth portion model is smaller than the layer thickness of each cross-sectional layer in the tooth portion model, based on which the layer thickness of at least one patterned solidified layer of the corresponding printed tooth portion is less than the corresponding The layer thickness of at least one patterned cured layer of the printed portion of the adapter is printed.
  • a intersection cross-sectional mark of the tooth portion model and the tooth portion model may be included in the tooth model, the intersection cross-sectional mark and the layer thickness corresponding to each model being included in the file in which the tooth model is located.
  • the processing unit 302 adjusts a spacing between the component platform and a predetermined printing reference plane based on a layer thickness of the cross-section marked in the file, wherein the dental model includes a tooth portion model and a toothed portion model for supporting the tooth portion model; wherein the marked cross-sectional layer thickness comprises: at least one cross-sectional layer thickness in the tooth portion model, and the adapter The layer thickness of at least one of the cross-sectional layers in the partial model, wherein at least one of the cross-sectional layer thicknesses in the tooth portion model is less than a layer thickness of at least one of the cross-sectional layers in the tooth portion model.
  • the tooth model has marked the layer thickness of all cross-section layers in the pre-layering processing stage, and the marked layer thicknesses are attached to the file header of the attribute file or the tooth model, the processing unit 302 by parsing the The document of the tooth model obtains the thickness of each cross-layer layer, and controls the Z-axis driving mechanism to adjust the spacing between the member platform and the preset printing reference surface according to the obtained layer thickness, and controls the exposure device according to the layer thickness.
  • the energy of the corresponding layered image is the processing unit 302 by parsing the The document of the tooth model obtains the thickness of each cross-layer layer, and controls the Z-axis driving mechanism to adjust the spacing between the member platform and the preset printing reference surface according to the obtained layer thickness, and controls the exposure device according to the layer thickness.
  • the energy of the corresponding layered image is the energy of the corresponding layered image.
  • the processing unit 302 adjusts the spacing of the member platforms to compare the tooth portions with the tooth portion. Make more detailed printing.
  • the processing unit 302 is externally connected to a human-machine interaction device, and the human-machine interaction device is exemplified by at least one of a keyboard, a mouse, and a touch screen.
  • the human-machine interaction device is exemplified by at least one of a keyboard, a mouse, and a touch screen.
  • the technician inputs a further layer thickness adjustment command through the human-machine interaction device when detecting that the tooth structure portion attached to the component platform reaches the tooth holder portion, and the processing unit 302 adjusts according to the layering of the tooth holder portion.
  • the method is to adjust the pitch and perform layered image illumination according to the adjusted pitch.
  • the processing unit 302 performs the pitch adjustment according to the layer adjustment manner of the tooth portion, and the manner of performing the layered image illumination according to the adjusted pitch is as follows: according to the tooth part model in the tooth model Each layer of the cross-layer layer is thick, at least twice between the adjustment member platform and the preset printing reference plane; and the layered image of the corresponding cross-section layer is irradiated to the gap based on the adjusted spacing On the light curing material. For example, during printing of the tooth model as shown in FIG. 6, when it is determined that the tooth portion is printed, the processing unit 302 segments the layer thickness of at least one of the cross-sectional layers in the tooth portion model A1 and follows the segmentation.
  • Each sub-layer thickness control Z-axis drive mechanism adjusts the component platform a plurality of times, and controls the exposure device to expose the layered image of the corresponding cross-layer multiple times after each adjustment.
  • the patterned cured layer corresponding to the indicated cross-section layer can be obtained by interpolation, such as linear interpolation, quadratic interpolation, and the like. It should be noted that in order to clearly depict a cross-sectional segmentation, the enlarged cross-section of the right side of Figure 6 is elongated by deliberate distortion, not indicating that a cross-section has a stretching process during printing.
  • the processing unit 302 performs the pitch adjustment according to the layer adjustment manner of the tooth holder portion, and the manner of performing the layered image illumination according to the adjusted pitch is as follows: the processing unit 302 according to at least two of the tooth part part models a layer thickness of the cross-section layer, a spacing between the adjustment member platform and the predetermined printing reference plane, and a photocurable material that illuminates the layered image on the at least one cross-section layer upon which the spacing is adjusted to illuminate the spacing on. For example, during printing of the tooth model as shown in FIG. 7, the processing unit 302 combines at least two cross-sectional layer thicknesses in the adapter portion model A2 and controls the Z-axis driving mechanism to adjust according to the combined layer thickness.
  • the distance between the component platform and the printing reference plane, and at least one layered image of each of the combined cross-section layers is provided to the exposure device to speed up the printing speed of the patterned cured layer.
  • the layer thickness of the layer in FIG. 7 is only marked for clearly depicting the layering effect, and does not represent the layer thickness dimension, the actual layer thickness of the cross layer is on the order of micrometers, and further, the depicted cross-section layer is merged.
  • the number is also only an example and not a limitation of the invention.
  • the manner in which the layered image on the at least one cross-layer on which the pitch is adjusted is irradiated onto the photocurable material within the pitch comprises: 1) selecting to illuminate one of the layered images within the pitch On the photocurable material, for example, a layered image on the uppermost cross-section of the plurality of cross-sections that are combined is provided to the exposure apparatus in a bottom-up direction of the Z-axis of the model. 2) The photocured material irradiated within the pitch after overlapping the layered images of all the combined cross-section layers For example, the layered images of all of the combined cross-sections are overlapped along the Z-axis without translation and without deflection, and the superimposed images are provided to the exposure apparatus.
  • a person skilled in the art can select at least one of the above, or based on the suggestion of any one or more combinations of the above, according to the hierarchical information provided by the actual tooth model, so that the processing unit 302 performs a corresponding control scheme to implement the tooth. Structured 3D printing.
  • the control device can control the exposure device to illuminate the image according to the layer thickness.
  • the control device controls at least one of energy, gradation, and duration of the image that the exposure device illuminates according to the layer thickness.
  • the control device presets a correspondence between the layer thickness and the energy or gradation of the illumination image according to the type of the exposure device.
  • the exposure apparatus includes a laser emitter, and the control apparatus controls the output power of the laser emitter according to the correspondence between the layer thickness and the energy.
  • the present application also provides a layering method of three-dimensional object data and a layering apparatus. 8 to 10 respectively illustrate examples of respective flowcharts of the layering method of the three-dimensional object data provided by the present application.
  • the layering method is mainly performed by a layered device.
  • the layered device may be a single user device, or a server, wherein the user device includes, but is not limited to, a personal computer, a smart terminal such as a PAD, and the user device may be located in a dental clinic and directly obtained by the scanning device. Scan data of the patient's mouth and build a corresponding tooth model based on the scan data.
  • the server includes, but is not limited to, a single server, a server cluster, and the like.
  • the layering device includes a storage unit 411 and a processing unit 412.
  • the storage unit 411 includes a nonvolatile memory and a system bus.
  • the non-volatile memory is exemplified by a solid state hard disk or a USB disk. Place
  • the system bus is used to connect the non-volatile memory to the CPU, wherein the CPU can be integrated in the storage unit 411 or packaged separately from the storage unit 411 and connected to the non-volatile memory through the system bus.
  • the processing unit 412 includes at least one of a CPU or a chip integrated with a CPU, a programmable logic device (FPGA), and a multi-core processor.
  • the processing unit 412 also includes a memory, a register, and the like for temporarily storing data.
  • the adapter portion model may be a support model provided to prevent deformation of the 3D model of the entire tooth during printing, for example, the adapter portion model is a rod-like structure.
  • the tooth part model may also be a 3D model of the gum obtained according to the scanning of the oral cavity. For example, the 3D model of the gum is placed in the tooth part model according to the image of the scanned patient's gum covering the neck. The corresponding part of the model is used as a model of the tooth part of the tooth part model in 3D printing.
  • the program is retrieved and executed via the processing unit 412 to implement layered processing of the tooth model, and the layered processed tooth model file is saved in the storage unit 411.
  • the processing unit 412 performs the procedure to obtain respective cross-sections constituting the tooth model. Therein, a layered image of the tooth model at the respective layer is depicted in each cross-section.
  • the processing unit 412 can perform at least one of the following or a layered processing scheme that is improved based on the teachings of at least one of the following schemes such that the layer thickness of at least one of the cross-sectional layers in the tooth portion model is less than The layer thickness of at least one of the cross-sectional layers in the adapter portion model, and/or the intersection of the tooth portion model and the adapter portion model and the intersection therebetween.
  • the processing unit 412 performs steps S210, S220.
  • step S210 the intersection cross-section is marked on the tooth model based on the acquired intersection cross-marking instruction.
  • step S220 the tooth model is layered according to a predetermined layer thickness and the intersection cross-section is marked.
  • the hierarchical markup instruction may be obtained based on a technician's operation on the tooth model interface, and the hierarchical markup instruction may include operation position information in the tooth model, and may even include a tooth part model.
  • teeth The model type of the seat partial model, wherein the operation position information may be described according to coordinates of the tooth model in a preset three-dimensional coordinate system.
  • the processing unit 412 records the operational position information and uses it as a intersection cross-sectional mark. For example, the technician determines the position of the tooth closest to the gum in the intersection of the tooth and the gum in the model by the tooth model displayed by the processing unit 412, and draws a cross-sectional line or other marker to generate a layered marking instruction.
  • the processing unit 412 uses the mark of the layered mark instruction on the tooth model as a intersection cross-sectional mark.
  • the tooth model When layering the tooth model, the tooth model may be layered in a fixed layer thickness, and the processing unit 412 uses a cross-section layer with a cross-sectional cross-sectional mark as the intersection cross-section And the layered tooth model and the marked intersection cross-section are saved in the tooth model file.
  • the fixed layer thickness may be a default value or a layer thickness set by a technician.
  • the tooth portion model is layered according to the layer thickness of the tooth portion model, and the tooth portion model is modeled according to the layer thickness of the tooth portion model. Perform layered processing.
  • the processing unit 412 can obtain the tooth part model, the tooth part part model, and the intersection cross-sectional mark in the tooth model from the acquired hierarchical mark instruction.
  • the processing unit 412 can determine the tooth part model and the tooth holder obtained by demarcating the marked intersection cross-section in the tooth model by identifying the feature information in the upper surface and the lower surface of the placed tooth model. Part of the model.
  • the feature information may be tooth feature information and support feature information.
  • the dental feature information includes, but is not limited to, feature information based on the cross-sectional image of the tooth, such as corners of the contour, number of corners, and gradient changes, and patient information related to the teeth, such as patient age, gender, and tooth type.
  • the processing unit 412 After determining the tooth portion model and the adapter portion model, the processing unit 412 performs layering processing on the tooth portion model according to the layer thickness of the tooth portion model, and, according to the layer thickness of the tooth portion model, The toothed part model is layered.
  • the layer thickness h1 of the tooth part model and the layer thickness h2 of the tooth part part model may be fixed values, and h1 ⁇ h2.
  • the layer thickness h1 of the tooth part model and the layer thickness h2 of the tooth part model are adjusted in time when layer by layer, but overall, the thickness of each layer of the tooth part model is generally smaller than that of the tooth part model. Layer thickness.
  • the processing unit 412 can layer the tooth model by performing the following steps:
  • step S310 the tooth model is subjected to a layering process to obtain a cross-sectional layer and a layered image in the cross-sectional layer.
  • step S330 it is identified whether the cross-sectional layer belongs to the intersection of the tooth portion model and the adapter portion model, and if so, step S340 is performed, and if otherwise, steps S310 and S320 are repeated.
  • step S340 the first cross-sectional mark belonging to the tooth part model in the intersection area is intersected by the cross-sectional layer according to the recognition result.
  • step S350 the remaining portion of the tooth model is layered from the marked cross-section.
  • the processing unit 412 will perform a cross-sectional layering on the tooth model, and the set layer thickness may be a preset initial value, such as a preset layer thickness of the divided tooth part model, or a uniform fixed value or the like.
  • the processing unit 412 performs a recognition process on the obtained layered image of the first cross-layer according to the tooth feature information or the support feature information, and determines the division when the recognition result is that the first layered image includes the tooth feature information.
  • the cross-sectional layer belongs to the tooth part model; when the recognition result is that the first layered image contains the support feature information, it is determined that the divided cross-section belongs to the tooth part model.
  • step S420 the layering is performed in accordance with the determined layer thickness of one of the partial models.
  • step S440 it is determined that the exposed cross-section belongs to the intersection of the tooth portion model and the adapter portion model, and the first cross-section of the intersection region belonging to the tooth portion model is marked as the intersection cross-section.
  • the processing unit 412 When it is determined that the layered tooth portion model is first cross-sectioned, the processing unit 412 performs layer-by-layer cross-layer layering according to the cross-sectional layer thickness of the preset tooth portion model, and identifies whether the layered image of the cross-section layer only includes Supporting feature information, if not, repeating the steps of layering and identification to continue the layering process; if so, marking the intersection layer on the previous layer of the cross-section, continuing and completing the transverse portion of the remainder of the tooth structure Cut layering.
  • the processing unit 412 When it is determined that the layered tooth part portion model is firstly cross-sectioned, the processing unit 412 performs layer-by-layer cross-layer layering according to a preset cross-sectional layer thickness of the tooth holder portion model, and identifies a layered image of each cross-layer layer. Whether to include support feature information and tooth feature information, or to identify whether only the tooth feature information is included in the layered image, and if not, repeat the steps of layering and identifying to continue the layering process; if so, at the current layer The intersecting layer is marked on the cut layer to continue and complete the cross-sectional delamination of the remainder of the tooth structure.
  • each layer image recognition method can be Only one feature information is selected for identification to improve recognition efficiency. In fact, it is also possible to identify two kinds of feature information at the same time to improve the universality of the layered processing program.
  • the layer thickness of the cross-section may be a fixed value, or may be layered according to the layer thickness corresponding to each model type, or according to the layered image or Other features in the cross-section layer are layer thickness adjusted in a timely manner, but overall, the thickness of each layer of the tooth portion model is generally smaller than the thickness of each layer of the tooth portion model.
  • the layering method, the 3D printing method and the device for the three-dimensional object data provided by the present application are printed by using the layer thickness of the tooth portion in the tooth structure to be finer than that of the tooth portion.
  • printing the structure of the teeth facilitates the actual printing needs of both the print speed and the refined contour of the teeth.
  • by subdividing the cross-sectional layers of the tooth portion model it is possible to provide a finer layer-by-layer printing of the tooth portion without increasing the difficulty of the layering process.
  • the combined printing of the cross-sections in the tooth holder portion model it is possible to provide a faster layer-by-layer printing of the toothed portion without increasing the difficulty of the layering process.

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Abstract

一种三维物体数据的分层方法、3D打印方法及设备，其中，3D打印方法，应用于3D打印设备，3D打印设备包括盛放光固化材料的容器和构件平台，3D打印方法包括：调整构件平台与预设打印基准面之间的间距以填充待固化的光固化材料；按照牙齿模型中分层图像将间距内的光固化材料固化成对应的图案固化层；重复上述各步骤以在构件平台上形成经图案固化层累积的牙齿结构，其中，牙齿结构包括牙齿部分和用于支撑牙齿部分的齿座部分；其中，在打印牙齿结构的过程中，用于构成牙齿部分的至少一个图案固化层的层厚小于用于构成齿座部分的至少一个图案固化层的层厚。

Description

三维物体数据的分层方法、3D打印方法及设备 技术领域
本申请涉及3D打印领域，尤其涉及一种三维物体数据的分层方法、3D打印方法及设备。
背景技术
3D打印是快速成型技术的一种，它是一种以数字模型文件为基础，运用粉末状金属、塑料和树脂等可粘合材料，通过逐层打印的方式来构造物体的技术。3D打印设备通过执行该种打印技术制造3D物体。3D打印设备由于成型精度高在模具、定制商品、医疗治具、假体等领域具有广泛应用。其中，基于底面曝光的3D打印设备由于只需要在容器底部设置一层厚的光固化材料，与上曝光相比，更节省材料，因此受到很多个性产品制造者的追宠。特别作为假牙的制作技术，由于能够快速且高精准度的制作假牙，有效提高了牙科诊治的工作效率。
根据医生及患者对假牙特别是假牙外露部分的外观要求，在使用3D打印设备进行逐层打印期间，需要满足各层厚尽量小的要求，然而以假牙的外观要求打印整个牙齿结构将导致打印时间过长。
发明内容
本申请提供一种三维物体数据的分层方法、3D打印方法及设备，用于解决假牙在3D成型阶段耗时过长等问题。
为实现上述目的及其他目的，本申请提供一种3D打印方法，应用于3D打印设备，所述3D打印设备包括盛放光固化材料的容器、和构件平台，所述3D打印方法包括：调整所述构件平台与预设打印基准面之间的间距以填充待固化的光固化材料；按照牙齿模型中分层图像将所述间距内的光固化材料固化成对应的图案固化层；重复上述各步骤以在所述构件平台上形成经图案固化层累积的牙齿结构，其中，所述牙齿结构包括牙齿部分和用于支撑所述牙齿部分的齿座部分；其中，在打印所述牙齿结构的过程中，用于构成所述牙齿部分的至少一个图案固化层的层厚小于用于构成所述齿座部分的至少一个图案固化层的层厚。
在某些实施方式中，用于构成所述牙齿部分的各图案固化层的层厚小于仅用于构成所述齿座部分的各图案固化层的层厚。
在某些实施方式中，所述调整构件平台与预设打印基准面之间的间距以填充待固化的光 固化材料的方式包括：基于牙齿模型中所标记的横截层层厚，调整所述构件平台与预设打印基准面之间的间距，其中，所述牙齿模型包括：牙齿部分的模型和用于支撑所述牙齿部分模型的齿座部分模型；其中，所标记的横截层层厚包括：所述牙齿部分模型中至少一个横截层层厚、和所述齿座部分模型中至少一个横截层的层厚，所述牙齿部分模型中至少一个横截层层厚小于所述齿座部分模型中至少一个横截层的层厚。
在某些实施方式中，所述调整构件平台与预设打印基准面之间的间距以填充待固化的光固化材料的方式包括：按照牙齿模型中的牙齿部分模型中每层横截层层厚，至少两次的调整构件平台与预设打印基准面之间的间距；和/或按照牙齿模型中支撑所述牙齿部分模型的齿座部分模型中至少两个横截层层厚，调整构件平台与预设打印基准面之间的间距。
在某些实施方式中，所述按照牙齿模型中分层图像将所述间距内的光固化材料固化成对应的图案固化层的方式包括：将在调整间距时所依据的至少一个横截层上的分层图像照射在所述间距内的光固化材料上。
本申请还提供一种三维物体数据的分层方法，包括：将牙齿模型进行分层处理，得到构成所述牙齿模型的各横截层，其中，每个横截层中描绘了所述牙齿模型在相应分层处的分层图像；其中，所述牙齿模型包括：牙齿部分模型和用于支撑所述牙齿部分模型的齿座部分模型；其中，在所述分层处理期间，设定所述牙齿部分模型中至少一个横截层的层厚小于所述齿座部分模型中至少一个横截层的层厚，和/或设定所述牙齿部分模型与齿座部分模型及二者之间的交汇横截层。
在某些实施方式中，所述方法还包括：基于所获取的交汇横截层标记指令在牙齿模型上标记交汇横截层；或者识别至少部分横截层所描绘的分层图像中的牙齿特征信息和/或支撑特征信息，并基于识别结果确定所述牙齿部分模型与齿座部分模型的交汇横截层。
在某些实施方式中，所述将牙齿模型进行分层处理的方式包括：按照预设层厚将牙齿模型进行分层处理并标记交汇横截层；或者以所标记的交汇横截层为分界，按照牙齿部分模型的层厚，将所述牙齿部分模型进行分层处理，以及，按照齿座部分模型的层厚，将所述齿座部分模型进行分层处理。
在某些实施方式中，所述将牙齿模型进行分层处理的方式包括：为所述牙齿模型设置至少一个横截层层厚标记。
本申请另外提供一种3D打印设备，包括：容器，用于盛放光固化材料；构件平台，用于附着经照射后得到的图案固化层，以便经由所述图案固化层积累形成3D构件；Z轴驱动机构，与所述构件平台连接，用于受控的调整所述构件平台与预设打印基准面的间距以填充待 固化的光固化材料；曝光装置，用于按照牙齿模型中分层图像将所述间距内的光固化材料固化成对应的图案固化层以得到对应的牙齿结构，其中，所述牙齿结构包括牙齿部分和支撑所述牙齿部分的齿座部分；控制装置，与所述Z轴驱动机构相连，用于控制所述Z轴驱动机构调整所述间距，并在控制所述Z轴驱动机构调整间距期间满足：用于构成所述牙齿部分的至少一个图案固化层的层厚小于用于构成所述齿座部分的至少一个图案固化层的层厚；所述控制装置还与所述曝光装置连接，用于控制曝光装置照射相应分层图像。
在某些实施方式中，用于构成所述牙齿部分的各图案固化层的层厚小于仅用于构成所述齿座部分的各图案固化层的层厚。
在某些实施方式中，所述控制装置包括：存储单元，用于保存分层后的牙齿模型的文件；其中，所述牙齿模型包含牙齿部分模型和用于支撑所述牙齿部分模型以外的齿座部分模型。
在某些实施方式中，所述存储单元还存储横截层层厚标记、和/或横截层所属模型标记；其中，所横截层层厚标记用于标识所述牙齿部分模型中至少一个横截层层厚；所标记的至少一个横截层层厚小于所述齿座部分模型中至少一个横截层的层厚；所述控制装置还包括：处理单元，用于基于所保存的横截层标记、和/或横截层所属模型标记调整所述构件平台与预设打印基准面之间的间距。
在某些实施方式中，所述存储单元还存储交汇横截层标记，所交汇横截层标记用于标识所述牙齿部分模型与齿座部分模型的交汇横截层；所述控制装置还包括：处理单元，用于基于所述交汇横截层所确定的牙齿模型中的牙齿部分模型及所述牙齿部分模型中每层横截层层厚，调整构件平台与预设打印基准面之间的间距；以及用于基于所述交汇横截层所确定的牙齿模型中的齿座部分模型及所述齿座部分模型中至少两个横截层层厚和所述交汇横截层，调整构件平台与预设打印基准面之间的间距。
在某些实施方式中，所述控制装置还用于基于所调整的间距控制曝光装置照射图像。
本申请还提供一种三维物体数据的分层设备，包括：存储单元，用于保存牙齿模型，其中，所述牙齿模型包括：牙齿部分模型和用于支撑所述牙齿部分模型的齿座部分模型；处理单元，用于将所保存的牙齿模型进行分层处理，得到构成所述牙齿模型的各横截层，每个横截层中描绘了所述牙齿模型在相应分层处的分层图像；其中，在所述处理单元分层处理期间，设定所述牙齿部分模型中至少一个横截层的层厚小于所述齿座部分模型中至少一个横截层的层厚。
在某些实施方式中，所述处理单元在分层处理期间，在所述牙齿部分模型和齿座部分模型分别至少一个横截层标记；和/或所述处理单元在分层处理期间，区分标记分别属于所述牙 齿部分模型和齿座部分模型的横截层。
在某些实施方式中，所述处理单元还用于：识别至少部分的各所述分层图像的牙齿特征信息或支撑特征信息；基于识别结果确定所述牙齿部分模型与齿座部分模型的交汇横截层。
在某些实施方式中，所述处理单元用于以所述交汇横截层为分界，按照牙齿部分模型的层厚，将所述牙齿部分模型进行分层处理，以及，按照齿座部分模型的层厚，将所述齿座部分模型进行分层处理。
本申请所提供的三维物体数据的分层方法、3D打印方法及设备，通过采用将牙齿结构中的牙齿部分各层层厚相较于齿座部分各层层厚更精细的打印方式，对牙齿结构进行打印，有利于兼顾打印速度和牙齿轮廓精细化的实际打印需求。
另外，通过对牙齿部分模型中各横截层的细分打印，能够在不增加分层处理难度的基础上提供更为精细的牙齿部分的逐层打印。
另外，通过对齿座部分模型中各横截层的合并打印，能够在不增加分层处理难度的基础上提供更为快速的齿座部分的逐层打印。
另外，在牙齿模型的分层处理期间对牙齿模型中牙齿部分模型和齿座部分模型进行划分，进而对牙齿模型进行便于打印设备区分打印的标记或分层，实现了打印设备能够以更自动化、更自主化的进行牙齿结构打印的目的。
附图说明
图1为本申请的3D打印设备在一实施方式中的结构示意图。
图2为本申请的3D打印设备在另一实施方式中的结构示意图。
图3为本申请的牙齿结构在一实施方式中的结构示意图。
图4为本申请3D打印设备中控制装置在一实施方式中的结构示意图。
图5为本申请的3D打印方法在一实施方式中的流程示意图。
图6为利用本申请的3D打印方法分层打印牙齿模型的横截层时的一实施方式中的横截层分层结构示意图。
图7为利用本申请的3D打印方法合并打印牙齿模型的横截层时的一实施方式中的横截层合并结构示意图。
图8为本申请的分层方法在一实施方式中的流程示意图。
图9为本申请的分层方法在另一实施方式中的流程示意图。
图10为本申请的分层方法在又一实施方式中的流程示意图。
图11为本申请的分层设备在一实施方式中的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下通过特定的具体实例说明本申请的实施方式，本领域技术人员可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本申请的其他优点与功效。本申请还可以通过另外不同的具体实施方式加以实施或应用，本说明书中的各项细节也可以基于不同观点与应用，在没有背离本申请的精神下进行各种修饰或改变。
需要说明的是，本说明书所附图式所绘示的结构、比例、大小等，均仅用以配合说明书所揭示的内容，以供熟悉此技术的人士了解与阅读，并非用以限定本申请可实施的限定条件，故不具技术上的实质意义，任何结构的修饰、比例关系的改变或大小的调整，在不影响本申请所能产生的功效及所能达成的目的下，均应仍落在本申请所揭示的技术内容得能涵盖的范围内。同时，本说明书中所引用的如“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“中间”及“一”等的用语，亦仅为便于叙述的明了，而非用以限定本申请可实施的范围，其相对关系的改变或调整，在无实质变更技术内容下，当亦视为本申请可实施的范畴。
请参阅图1至图7，其中，图1和2分别为本申请提供的3D打印设备的示例性结构示意图，图5为本申请3D打印方法在一实施方式中的流程图。其中，能够执行本申请所述的3D打印方法的3D打印设备至少包括：容器和构件平台，为了能够自动的、高精度的执行所述方法，所述3D打印设备还包括：Z轴驱动机构、曝光装置和控制装置。其中，所述3D打印设备可以是基于SLA技术(即立体光固化成型法)的打印设备；或者是基于DLP技术(即数字光处理)的打印设备。
所述容器(11,21)用于盛放光固化材料，其中所述光固化材料包括任何易于光固化的液态材料或粉末材料，其液态材料举例包括：光固化树脂液，或掺杂了添加剂、颜料、染料等混合材料的树脂液等。粉末材料包括但不限于：陶瓷粉末、颜色添加粉末等。所述容器的材质包括但不限于：玻璃、塑料、树脂等。其中，所述容器的容量视3D打印设备的类型而定，例如，参见图1和2，基于SLA的打印设备中容器21容量相对于基于DLP的打印设备中容器11容量较大。其中，基于DLP的打印设备中容器11可以是整体透明或仅容器底透明，在所述容器底部表面铺设有便于剥离的透明柔性膜。
参见图1和2，所述构件平台(12,22)用于附着经照射后得到的图案固化层，以便经由所述图案固化层积累形成3D构件。具体地，所述构件平台举例为构件板。所述构件平台通常以位于容器内的预设打印基准面为起始位置，逐层累积在所述打印基准面上固化的各固化层，以得到相应的3D打印构件，在本申请中，所述3D打印构件为牙齿结构。
参见图1和2，所述Z轴驱动机构(13,23)与所述构件平台(12,22)连接，用于受控的 调整所述构件平台与预设打印基准面的间距以填充待固化的光固化材料。其中，所述打印基准面是指光固化材料被照射的起始面。为了精准的对每层固化层的照射能量进行控制，Z轴驱动机构需带动构件平台移动至使得构件平台与所述打印基准面之间间距最小处为所要固化的固化层的层厚。在基于DLP的打印设备中所述打印基准面为容器底面，在基于SLA的打印设备中所述打印基准面是经预先标定而确定的光固化材料的水平面。
以安装在SLA打印设备中的Z轴驱动机构23为例，所述Z轴驱动机构可包括第一驱动单元231和第一竖直移动单元232。所述第一驱动单元231用于驱动所述第一竖直移动单元232，以便所述第一竖直移动单元232带动构件平台升降移动。例如，所述第一驱动单元231为驱动电机。所述第一驱动单元231受控制指令控制。其中，所述控制指令包括：用于表示构件平台上升、下降或停止的方向性指令，甚至还可以包含转速/转速加速度、或扭矩/扭力等参数。如此有利于精确控制第一竖直移动单元的下降距离，以实现Z轴的精准调节。其中，所述第一竖直移动单元232举例包括一端固定在所述构件平台上的固定杆、与固定杆的另一端固定的咬合式移动组件，其中，所述咬合式移动组件受驱动单元驱动以带动固定杆竖直移动，所述咬合式移动组件举例为由齿状结构咬合的限位移动组件，如齿条等，所述固定杆可如图2所示。又如，所述第一竖直移动单元232包括：丝杆和旋接所述丝杆的定位移动结构，其中所述丝杆的两端旋接于驱动单元，所述定位移动结构的外延端固定连接到构件平台上，该定位移动结构包括：包含滚珠和夹持件的螺母形结构、以及所述固定杆。
以安装在DLP打印设备中的Z轴驱动机构13为例，所述Z轴驱动机构13也可包括第二驱动单元131和第二竖直移动单元132，所述第二驱动单元131用于驱动所述第二竖直移动单元132，以便所述第二竖直移动单元132带动构件平台升降移动。例如，所述第二驱动单元131为驱动电机。所述第二驱动单元131受控制指令控制。其中，所述控制指令包括：用于表示构件平台上升、下降或停止的方向性指令，甚至还可以包含转速/转速加速度、或扭矩/扭力等参数，以有利于精确控制第二竖直移动单元的上升的距离，以实现Z轴的精准调节。在此，所述第二竖直移动单元132举例包括一端固定在所述构件平台上的固定杆、与固定杆的另一端固定的咬合式移动组件，其中，所述咬合式移动组件受驱动单元驱动以带动固定杆竖直移动，所述咬合式移动组件举例为由齿状结构咬合的限位移动组件，如齿条等，所述固定杆可如图1所示。又如，所述第二竖直移动单元132包括：丝杆和旋接所述丝杆的定位移动结构，其中所述丝杆的两端旋接于驱动单元，所述定位移动结构的外延端固定连接到构件平台上，该定位移动结构包括：包含滚珠和夹持件的螺母形结构、以及所述固定杆。
所述曝光装置用于按照牙齿模型中分层图像将所述间距内的光固化材料固化成对应的图 案固化层以得到对应的牙齿结构。其中，所得到的牙齿结构包括牙齿部分和支撑所述牙齿部分的齿座部分。其中，所述牙齿部分是指根据制作需要所打印出的全部或部分假牙，例如，所述牙齿部分包含牙冠、牙颈和牙根的整颗假牙牙体，又如，如图3所示，所述牙齿部分仅包含牙冠和牙颈。所述齿座部分是指根据制作需要所打印出的以牙龈状或杆状结构支撑牙齿部分的支撑结构，例如，如图3所示，所述齿座部分为牙龈状，所述牙齿部分为牙冠和牙颈，其中，所述齿座部分以包裹状支撑所述牙齿部分。
在此，在基于DLP的打印设备中的曝光装置14位于容器的透明底面之下，自透明底面向容器内的光固化材料照射分层图像。例如，所述曝光装置14包括激光发射器、位于所述激光发射器射出光路上的透镜组和振镜组(未予图示)，其中，所述透镜组用以改变激光光路并调整激光束的聚焦位置，所述振镜组用以按照所接收的牙齿模型中分层图像将所述激光束在容器底面的二维空间内扫描，经所述光束扫描的光固化材料被固化成对应的图案固化层。又如，所述曝光装置14包括光源阵列、DMD芯片、和控制器。其中，所述光源阵列中包含多个LED光源，每个光源对应一个像素，所述光源阵列受控制器控制，并按照分层图像中各像素点的灰度进行照射。所述DMD芯片在接受到控制器的控制信号后将对应分层图像上各像素的光源照射到容器底面。其中，DMD芯片外观看起来只是一小片镜子，被封装在金属与玻璃组成的密闭空间内，事实上，这面镜子是由数十万乃至上百万个微镜所组成的，每一个微镜代表一个像素，所投影的图像就由这些像素所构成。DMD芯片可被简单描述成为对应像素点的半导体光开关和微镜片，所述控制器通过控制DMD芯片中各光开关来允许/禁止各微晶片反射光，由此将相应分层图像经过容器的透明底部照射到光固化材料上，使得对应图像形状的光固化材料被固化，以得到图案化的固化层。
在基于SLA的打印设备中的曝光装置24位于容器21之上，按照分层图像自容器开口向容器内的光固化材料进行扫描。例如，所述曝光装置24安装在打印设备的顶层，其包括激光发射器、位于所述激光发射器射出光路上的透镜组和振镜组(未予图示)，其中，所述透镜组用以改变激光光路并调整激光束的聚焦位置，所述振镜组用以按照所接收的牙齿模型中分层图像将所述激光束自容器开口照射到光固化材料表面，并在该表面的二维空间内扫描，经所述光束扫描的光固化材料被固化成对应的图案固化层。
参阅图1和2，上述Z轴驱动机构(13,23)和曝光装置(14,24)均受控于控制装置(15,25)，所述控制装置(15,25)通过执行所述打印方法控制Z轴驱动机构(13,23)和曝光装置(14,24)实现将立体的牙齿模型打印成实体的牙齿结构。其中，所述控制装置(15,25)为包含处理器的电子设备，例如，所述控制装置为计算机设备、嵌入式设备、或集成有CPU的集成电路等。
在此，所述牙齿模型包括：牙齿部分的模型和用于支撑所述牙齿部分模型的齿座部分模型。其中，所述牙齿模型源于医生对患者口腔的扫描而得到的3D模型，所述牙齿部分模型是根据扫描而得到的口腔内全部或部分牙齿而得的3D模型，例如，所述牙齿部分模型为包含牙冠、牙颈和牙根的整颗牙体的3D模型，又如，所述牙齿部分模型为仅包含牙冠和牙颈的3D模型。所述齿座部分模型可能是为防止整颗牙体的3D模型在打印期间变形而设置的支撑模型，例如，所述齿座部分模型为杆状的支撑模型。所述齿座部分模型还可以是根据扫描口腔而得到的牙龈的3D模型，更具体地，该牙龈的3D模型按照所扫描的患者的牙龈包覆牙颈的影像而被设置在牙齿部分模型中牙颈模型的对应处，以作为3D打印时牙齿部分模型的齿座部分模型。
为了借助曝光装置和Z轴驱动机构将牙齿模型打印成实体的牙齿结构，图4示意性的提供了所述控制装置的结构示意图，所述控制装置包括：存储单元301、处理单元302和接口单元303。其中，所述存储单元301包含非易失性存储器和系统总线。其中，所述非易失性存储器举例为固态硬盘或U盘等。所述系统总线用于将非易失性存储器与CPU连接在一起，其中，CPU可集成在存储单元301中，或与存储单元301分开封装并通过系统总线与非易失性存储器连接。所述处理单元302包含CPU或集成有CPU的芯片、可编程逻辑器件(FPGA)、和多核处理器中的至少一种。所述处理单元302还包括内存、寄存器等用于临时存储数据的存储器。所述接口单元303的数量可为多个且具有不同接口类型。各所述接口单元303分别连接曝光装置和Z轴驱动机构等3D打印设备中独立封装且通过接口传输数据的装置。所述接口单元303根据所连接的装置而确定其接口类型，其包括但不限于：通用串行接口、视频接口、工控接口等。例如，所述接口单元303包括：USB接口、HDMI接口和RS232接口，其中，USB接口和RS232接口均有多个。所述控制装置还包括以下至少一种：提示装置、人机交互装置等。USB接口可连接人机交互装置等，RS232接口连接Z轴驱动机构，HDMI接口连接曝光装置。
所述存储单元301用于保存分层后的牙齿模型的文件及将所述牙齿模型进行分层处理的程序。其中，所述牙齿模型包含牙齿部分模型和用于支撑所述牙齿部分模型以外的齿座部分模型。处理单元302通过运行所述程序生成用于控制Z轴驱动机构的控制指令，以及向曝光装置提供的分层图像。在此，所述处理单元302对Z轴驱动机构的控制可均通过相应的接口单元303以控制指令的形式传输给Z轴驱动机构。
具体地，如图5所示，所述处理单元302所执行的程序包含以下步骤：
在步骤S110中，调整所述构件平台与预设打印基准面之间的间距以填充待固化的光固化 材料。
在步骤S120中，按照牙齿模型中分层图像将所述间距内的光固化材料固化成对应的图案固化层。
在步骤S130中，所述牙齿模型是否打印完毕，若否，则执行S110，若是，则结束。通过重复执行上述各步骤，在所述构件平台上形成经图案固化层累积的牙齿结构，其中，所述牙齿结构包括牙齿部分和用于支撑所述牙齿部分的齿座部分。
具体地，处理单元302通过控制Z轴驱动机构在竖直方向上调整构件平台相距打印基准面之间的间距，使得容器内的光固化材料流动的填充到所述间距内的缝隙中，或者由填料装置将光固化材料添加到所述缝隙中。其中，所述处理单元302调整的间距尺寸可受控于技术人员的调控指令，或者可受牙齿模型中所配置的层厚而定。更为具体地，在打印所述牙齿结构的过程中，用于构成所述牙齿部分的至少一个图案固化层的层厚小于用于构成所述齿座部分的至少一个图案固化层的层厚。
在此，需要说明的是，根据牙齿模型的预先分层，牙齿部分模型的各横截层并非一定具有相同的层厚，齿座部分模型的各横截层也并非一定具有相同的层厚，但大体上牙齿部分模型的各横截层的层厚小于齿座部分模型中各横截层的层厚，基于此，所对应打印出的牙齿部分的至少一个图案固化层的层厚小于所对应打印出的齿座部分的至少一个图案固化层的层厚。
再或者，在牙齿模型中可包含牙齿部分模型和齿座部分模型的交汇横截层标记，在所述牙齿模型所在文件中包含所述交汇横截层标记以及对应各模型的层厚。
在一种更为具体的示例中，所述处理单元302基于文件中所标记的横截层层厚，调整所述构件平台与预设打印基准面之间的间距，其中，所述牙齿模型包括：牙齿部分模型和用于支撑所述牙齿部分模型的齿座部分模型；其中，所标记的横截层层厚包括：所述牙齿部分模型中至少一个横截层层厚、和所述齿座部分模型中至少一个横截层的层厚，其中，所述牙齿部分模型中至少一个横截层层厚小于所述齿座部分模型中至少一个横截层的层厚。
例如，牙齿模型在预先分层处理阶段已标记了所有横截层的层厚，并将所标记的各层厚附带在属性文件或牙齿模型的文件头中，所述处理单元302通过解析所述牙齿模型所在文件得到各横截层层厚，并按照所得到的层厚控制Z轴驱动机构调整所述构件平台与预设打印基准面之间的间距，以及根据所述层厚控制曝光装置照射相应分层图像的能量。
当牙齿模型的各横截层的层厚均相同，或如上所述预先分层了不同的层厚时，由所述处理单元302通过调整构件平台的间距，将牙齿部分相比于齿座部分进行更为精细化的打印。
在一种更为具体的示例中，所述处理单元302外接人机交互装置，所述人机交互装置举例为键盘、鼠标、触屏中至少一种等。技术人员在监测到附着在构件平台上的牙齿结构部分达到牙齿部分时，通过所述人机交互装置输入层厚调整指令，所述处理单元302按照牙齿部分的分层调整方式进行间距调整，以及按照所调整的间距进行分层图像照射。或者，技术人员在监测到附着在构件平台上的牙齿结构部分达到齿座部分时，通过所述人机交互装置输入又一层厚调整指令，所述处理单元302按照齿座部分的分层调整方式进行间距调整，以及按照所调整的间距进行分层图像照射。
在又一更具体的示例中，所述处理单元302按照牙齿部分的分层调整方式进行间距调整，以及按照所调整的间距进行分层图像照射的方式举例如下：按照牙齿模型中的牙齿部分模型中每层横截层层厚，至少两次的调整构件平台与预设打印基准面之间的间距；并基于所调整的间距将相应横截层的分层图像照射到填充到所述间距中的光固化材料上。例如，在打印如图6所示的牙齿模型期间，当确定打印牙齿部分时，所述处理单元302将所述牙齿部分模型A1中至少一个横截层的层厚分段，并按照分段后的各子层厚控制Z轴驱动机构多次调整构件平台，以及在各次调整后控制曝光装置多次曝光相应横截层的分层图像。如此，所指示的横截层所对应的图案固化层可以由插补的方式得到，例如直线插补、二次曲线插补等。需要说明的是，为了清晰描绘一个横截分段的图示，图6右侧放大的横截层被刻意的失真的拉长，并非表示在打印期间对一个横截层有拉伸处理。
在此，所述处理单元302按照齿座部分的分层调整方式进行间距调整，以及按照所调整的间距进行分层图像照射的方式举例如下：所述处理单元302按照齿座部分模型中至少两个横截层层厚，调整构件平台与预设打印基准面之间的间距，以及将在调整间距时所依据的至少一个横截层上的分层图像照射在所述间距内的光固化材料上。例如，在打印如图7所示的牙齿模型期间，所述处理单元302将齿座部分模型A2中至少两个横截层层厚合并，并按照合并后的层厚控制Z轴驱动机构以调整构件平台与打印基准面的间距，并将所合并的各横截层中至少一个分层图像提供给曝光装置，以加快图案固化层的打印速度。需要说明的是，图7中分层的层厚仅为了清楚描绘分层效果而标识，并非表示层厚尺寸，横截层的实际层厚在微米量级，此外，所描绘的横截层合并数量也仅为举例而非对本发明的限制。
其中，将在调整间距时所依据的至少一个横截层上的分层图像照射在所述间距内的光固化材料上的方式包括：1)选择将其中一个分层图像照射在所述间距内的光固化材料上，例如，按照模型的Z轴自下而上方向，选择将合并的多个横截层中最上方横截层上的分层图像提供给所述曝光装置。2)将所合并的全部横截层的分层图像重叠后照射在所述间距内的光固化材 料上，例如，将所合并的全部横截层的分层图像无平移、无偏转的沿Z轴重叠，并将重叠后的图像提供给曝光装置。
本领域技术人员可根据实际牙齿模型所提供的分层信息选择以上至少一种、或基于以上任一种或多种组合的启示而拓展出的控制方式令处理单元302执行相应控制方案以实现牙齿结构的3D打印。
在一些实施方式中，按照上述任一种控制方式可得到用于构成所述牙齿部分的各图案固化层的层厚均小于仅用于构成所述齿座部分的各图案固化层的层厚。如图6和7所示，所述处理单元302通过解析得到：包含牙齿和牙龈交汇区域的牙齿部分模型的各横截层的层厚h1相同，不包含所述交汇区域的牙龈部分模型的各横截层的层厚h2也相同，且h1＜h2，则按照各层厚逐层打印后得到：不包含所述交汇区域的牙龈部分中各图案固化层层厚为h2，包含牙齿和牙龈交汇区域的牙齿部分中各图案固化层层厚为h1。
需要说明的是，为确保曝光装置能将每次填充在打印基准面与构件平面之间的光固化材料图案化固化，所述控制装置可根据层厚控制曝光装置照射图像。具体地，所述控制装置根据层厚控制曝光装置照射图像的能量、灰度和时长中的至少一种。其中，控制装置根据曝光装置的类型预设层厚与照射图像的能量或灰度之间的对应关系。例如，所述曝光装置包含激光发射器，则所述控制装置根据层厚与能量的对应关系控制激光发射器的输出功率。又如，所述曝光装置包含光源阵列和DMD芯片，则所述控制装置根据层厚与灰度的对应关系控制光源阵列中照射图像的各光源灰度。所述控制装置中还可以预设有层厚与照射时长的对应关系、或者层厚与能量和照射时长的对应关系、层厚与灰度和照射时长的对应关系，并根据当前层的层厚对曝光装置照射图像进行控制。在此，所述对应关系包括但不限于：对照表式对应，或预先构建调整函数等。
为了向3D打印设备提供能够高精度牙齿部分并兼具较高的打印速度的牙齿模型，请参阅图8至11，本申请还提供三维物体数据的分层方法及分层设备。其中，图8至10分别描述了本申请所提供的三维物体数据的分层方法的各流程图示例。所述分层方法主要由分层设备来执行。所述分层设备可以是单台用户设备、或服务器，其中，所述用户设备包括但不限于：个人电脑、如PAD等智能终端，所述用户设备可位于牙科诊所并直接获取扫描设备所提供的患者口腔的扫描数据，并基于扫描数据构建相应的牙齿模型。所述服务器包括但不限于：单台服务器、服务器集群等。
请参阅图11，所述分层设备包含存储单元411和处理单元412。其中，所述存储单元411包含非易失性存储器和系统总线。其中，所述非易失性存储器举例为固态硬盘或U盘等。所 述系统总线用于将非易失性存储器与CPU连接在一起，其中，CPU可集成在存储单元411中，或与存储单元411分开封装并通过系统总线与非易失性存储器连接。所述处理单元412包含CPU或集成有CPU的芯片、可编程逻辑器件(FPGA)、和多核处理器中的至少一种。所述处理单元412还包括内存、寄存器等用于临时存储数据的存储器。所述分层设备还可以包含网络接口单元414和接口单元413，所述网络接口单元414可与3D打印设备进行数据通信，以将分层处理后的牙齿模型文件传输给3D打印设备。或者借助接口单元413将分层处理后的牙齿模型文件转存到外部存储装置(如U盘)，再通过所述外部存储装置转存到3D打印设备中。
其中，所述存储单元411用于保存牙齿模型以及用于对牙齿模型进行分层处理的程序。其中所述牙齿模型是基于医生扫描患者口腔而得到的影像而确定的3D模型。所述牙齿模型包含牙齿部分模型和用于支撑所述牙齿部分模型的齿座部分模型。所述牙齿部分模型是根据扫描而得到的口腔内全部或部分牙齿而得的3D模型。例如，所述牙齿部分模型为包含牙冠、牙颈和牙根的整颗牙体的3D模型。又如，所述牙齿部分模型为仅包含牙冠和牙颈的3D模型。所述齿座部分模型可能是为防止整颗牙体的3D模型在打印期间变形而设置的支撑模型，例如，所述齿座部分模型为杆状结构。所述齿座部分模型还可以是根据扫描口腔而得到的牙龈的3D模型，例如，该牙龈的3D模型按照所扫描的患者的牙龈包覆牙颈的影像而被设置在牙齿部分模型中牙颈模型的对应处，以作为3D打印时牙齿部分模型的齿座部分模型。所述程序经由所述处理单元412调取并执行，以实现对牙齿模型的分层处理，并将分层处理后的牙齿模型文件保存在所述存储单元411中。
为了由3D打印设备通过逐层打印的方式得到对应的牙齿结构，所述处理单元412执行所述程序以得到构成所述牙齿模型的各横截层。其中，每个横截层中描绘了所述牙齿模型在相应分层处的分层图像。在分层处理期间，所述处理单元412可以执行以下至少一种方案或基于以下至少一种方案的启示而改进的分层处理方案，以使牙齿部分模型中至少一个横截层的层厚小于齿座部分模型中至少一个横截层的层厚，和/或设定所述牙齿部分模型与齿座部分模型及二者之间的交汇横截层。
在一种具体示例中，如图8所示，所述处理单元412执行步骤S210、S220。
在步骤S210中，基于所获取的交汇横截层标记指令在牙齿模型上标记交汇横截层。
在步骤S220中，按照预设层厚将牙齿模型进行分层处理并标记交汇横截层。
在此，所述分层标记指令可以是基于技术人员在牙齿模型界面上的操作而获得的，所述分层标记指令中可包含牙齿模型中的操作位置信息，甚至还可以包含区分牙齿部分模型和齿 座部分模型的模型类型，其中，所述操作位置信息可以是根据牙齿模型在预设三维坐标系中的坐标来描述的。所述处理单元412记录该操作位置信息并将其作为交汇横截层标记。例如，技术人员通过处理单元412所展示的牙齿模型确定该模型中牙齿与牙龈交汇区域中最接近牙龈的位置，并在此处划横截线或其他设置其他标记以产生分层标记指令，所述处理单元412将所述分层标记指令在牙齿模型上的标记作为交汇横截层标记。
在对所述牙齿模型进行分层处理时，可采用固定层厚的方式对牙齿模型进行分层，所述处理单元412将带有交汇横截层标记的横截层作为所述交汇横截层，并将分层处理后的牙齿模型以及所标记的交汇横截层保存在牙齿模型文件中。其中，所述固定层厚可以是默认值或由技术人员设置的层厚。
或者，以所标记的交汇横截层为分界，按照牙齿部分模型的层厚，将所述牙齿部分模型进行分层处理，以及，按照齿座部分模型的层厚，将所述齿座部分模型进行分层处理。
在此，处理单元412可从所获取的分层标记指令中得到牙齿模型中牙齿部分模型、齿座部分模型及交汇横截层标记。或者，所述处理单元412可通过识别所摆放的牙齿模型的上表面和下表面中的特征信息来确定牙齿模型中以所标记的交汇横截层为分界而得到的牙齿部分模型和齿座部分模型。其中，所述特征信息可以是牙齿特征信息和支撑特征信息。所述牙齿特征信息包括但不限于：基于牙齿横截图像的特征信息，如轮廓的拐角、拐角数量和梯度变化等，以及与牙齿相关的患者信息，如患者年龄、性别和牙齿类型等。所述支撑特征信息包括但不限于：轮廓形状和面积等。例如，所述处理单元412识别出牙齿模型的上表面包含支撑特征信息，下表面不包含支撑特征信息，则确定牙齿模型的上表面至交汇横截层标记区间为齿座部分模型，交汇横截层标记至下表面区间为牙齿部分模型。
在确定了牙齿部分模型和齿座部分模型后，所述处理单元412按照牙齿部分模型的层厚，将所述牙齿部分模型进行分层处理，以及，按照齿座部分模型的层厚，将所述齿座部分模型进行分层处理。其中，所述牙齿部分模型的层厚h1和齿座部分模型的层厚h2可以是固定值，且h1<h2。或者所述牙齿部分模型的层厚h1和齿座部分模型的层厚h2在逐个分层时进行适时调整，但整体而言，所述牙齿部分模型的各层厚普遍小于齿座部分模型的各层厚。
在另一具体示例中，如图9所示，所述处理单元412可通过执行以下步骤对牙齿模型进行分层处理：
在步骤S310中，将牙齿模型进行一次分层处理，以得到横截层及所述横截层中的分层图像。
在步骤S320中，识别分层图像中的牙齿特征信息和/或支撑特征信息以确定所得到的横 截层属于牙齿部分模型或齿座部分模型。
在步骤S330中，识别出横截层是否属于牙齿部分模型和齿座部分模型的交汇区域，若是则执行步骤S340，若否则执行重复步骤S310和S320。
在步骤S340中，根据识别结果将所述交汇区域中属于牙齿部分模型的第一个横截层标记交汇横截层。
在步骤S350中，自所标记的交互横截层开始，将牙齿模型的剩余部分模型进行分层处理。
在此，所述处理单元412将位于牙齿模型进行一次横截分层，所设置的层厚可以是预设初始值，如预设的划分牙齿部分模型的层厚、或统一的固定值等。所述处理单元412根据牙齿特征信息或支撑特征信息将所得到的第一个横截层的分层图像进行识别处理，当识别结果为第一个分层图像包含牙齿特征信息时，确定所划分的横截层属于牙齿部分模型；当识别结果为第一个分层图像包含支撑特征信息时，确定所划分的横截层属于齿座部分模型。
当确定第一个横截层属于牙齿部分模型时，所述处理单元412可继续按照统一的固定值进行第二次横截分层，并识别第二次横截层的分层图像中是否仅包含支撑特征信息，若否，则重复第二次横截分层和识别的步骤以继续分层处理；若是，则在前一层横截层上标记交汇横截层，继续并完成牙齿结构剩余部分(即除完整的牙齿部分模型之外的齿座部分模型)的横截分层。
当确定第一横截层属于齿座部分模型时，所述处理单元412可继续按照统一的固定值进行第二次横截分层，并识别第二次横截层的分层图像中是否包含支撑特征信息和牙齿特征信息、或者识别第二次横截层的分层图像中是否仅包含牙齿特征信息，若否，则重复第二次横截分层和识别的步骤以继续分层处理；若是，则在当前层横截层上标记交汇横截层，继续并完成牙齿结构剩余部分(即完整的牙齿部分模型)的横截分层。
如图10所示，下面仍示例性的说明所述处理单元412对牙齿模型的分层方式：
在步骤S410中，识别牙齿模型表面轮廓所形成的分层图像中的牙齿特征信息或支撑特征信息，并基于所包含的相应特征信息确定将牙齿部分模型或齿座部分模型进行分层处理。
在步骤S420中，按照所确定的其中一种部分模型的层厚进行分层。
在步骤S430中，识别牙齿模型经一次分层后所暴露的横截层中分层图像是否包含牙齿特征信息和支撑特征信息，若否，则重复步骤S420，反之执行步骤S440。
在步骤S440中，确定所暴露的横截层属于牙齿部分模型和齿座部分模型的交汇区域，将所述交汇区域中属于牙齿部分模型的第一个横截层标记为交汇横截层。
在步骤S450中，自所述交汇横截层开始或自所述交汇横截层的下一横截层开始，按照另 一部分模型的层厚进行一次分层。重复步骤S450直至分层完毕。
在此，所述处理单元412按照沿Z轴横截分层的方式，将牙齿模型上表面或下表面投影到对应上平面或下平面，以得到相应的分层图像，并识别所得到的分层图像中是否包含牙齿特征信息或支撑特征信息，当确定包含牙齿特征信息时，确定即将横截分层的为牙齿部分模型，当确定包含支撑特征信息时，确定即将横截分层的为齿座部分模型。
当确定先横截分层牙齿部分模型时，所述处理单元412按照预设的牙齿部分模型的横截层厚进行逐层横截分层，并识别横截层的分层图像中是否仅包含支撑特征信息，若否，则重复横截分层和识别的步骤以继续进行分层处理；若是，则在前一层横截层上标记交汇横截层，继续并完成牙齿结构剩余部分的横截分层。
当确定先横截分层齿座部分模型时，所述处理单元412按照预设的齿座部分模型的横截层厚进行逐层横截分层，并识别每次横截层的分层图像中是否包含支撑特征信息和牙齿特征信息、或者识别分层图像中是否仅包含牙齿特征信息，若否，则重复横截分层和识别的步骤以继续分层处理；若是，则在当前层横截层上标记交汇横截层，继续并完成牙齿结构剩余部分的横截分层。
需要说明的是，与其他3D构件的打印过程不同的是，通常牙齿和牙龈在打印期间采用先打牙龈再打牙齿的顺序，以避免附加如杆状支撑等专用支撑结构，以及通常单颗牙齿和支撑在打印期间采用先打支撑再打牙齿的顺序，考虑到牙齿和牙龈均具有持续和连续性，即牙齿不可能零散的分布在支撑或牙龈上，因此，各分层图像识别方式中可仅选择一种特征信息进行识别，以提高识别效率。实际上也可以同时识别两种特征信息，以提高分层处理程序的普适性。
还需要说明的是，由于齿座部分模型和牙齿部分模型均具有连续性，在确定了第一个横截层所属的部分模型后，为节省计算量，可根据预设的相应部分模型的长度，在分层若干横截层后对后续横截层的分层图像进行特征识别，以得到交汇横截层。例如，在确定第一横截层属于牙齿部分模型后，根据患者年龄、牙齿类型等信息推定牙齿部分模型的长度，并在所分层的各横截层层厚接近牙齿部分模型的长度时，开始识别横截层分层图像中的特征信息，以标记交汇横截层。
还需要说明的是，在确定了横截层所属部分模型时，所横截的层厚可以是固定值，也可根据部分模型类型各自所对应的层厚进行分层，或者根据分层图像或横截层中的其他特征适时的进行层厚调整，但就整体而言，所述牙齿部分模型的各层厚普遍小于齿座部分模型的各层厚。
为了便于3D打印设备按照分层时的层厚调整固化层层厚，所述处理单元412可通过执行步骤S230来标记各横截层层厚(未予图示)，由此可在某些情况下替代标记交汇横截层，或者补充各横截层的层厚信息。
在步骤S230中，为所述牙齿模型设置至少一个横截层层厚标记。其中，所述横截层层厚标记中可包含各横截层的层标记(如层编号、横截层所在Z轴坐标等)，也可包含相应横截层的层厚值。若各层厚均相同，则所述处理单元412可记录一个横截层层厚和所有层标记。若各层厚是按照牙齿部分模型和齿座部分模型而设定的不同层厚值，则所述处理单元412可按照模型类型分别记录横截层层厚和所有层标记。
综上所述，本申请所提供的三维物体数据的分层方法、3D打印方法及设备，通过采用将牙齿结构中的牙齿部分各层层厚相较于齿座部分各层层厚更精细的打印方式，对牙齿结构进行打印，有利于兼顾打印速度和牙齿轮廓精细化的实际打印需求。另外，通过对牙齿部分模型中各横截层的细分打印，能够在不增加分层处理难度的基础上提供更为精细的牙齿部分的逐层打印。而且，通过对齿座部分模型中各横截层的合并打印，能够在不增加分层处理难度的基础上提供更为快速的齿座部分的逐层打印。再者，在牙齿模型的分层处理期间对牙齿模型中牙齿部分模型和齿座部分模型进行划分，进而对牙齿模型进行便于打印设备区分打印的标记或分层，实现了打印设备能够以更自动化、更自主化的进行牙齿结构打印的目的。
本申请虽然已以较佳实施例公开如上，但其并不是用来限定本申请，任何本领域技术人员在不脱离本申请的精神和范围内，都可以利用上述揭示的方法和技术内容对本申请技术方案做出可能的变动和修改，因此，凡是未脱离本申请技术方案的内容，依据本申请的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰，均属于本申请技术方案的保护范围。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种3D打印方法，应用于3D打印设备，所述3D打印设备包括盛放光固化材料的容器、和构件平台，其特征在于，所述3D打印方法包括：
    调整所述构件平台与预设打印基准面之间的间距以填充待固化的光固化材料；
    按照牙齿模型中分层图像将所述间距内的光固化材料固化成对应的图案固化层；
    重复上述各步骤以在所述构件平台上形成经图案固化层累积的牙齿结构，其中，所述牙齿结构包括牙齿部分和用于支撑所述牙齿部分的齿座部分；
    其中，在打印所述牙齿结构的过程中，用于构成所述牙齿部分的至少一个图案固化层的层厚小于用于构成所述齿座部分的至少一个图案固化层的层厚。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的3D打印方法，其特征在于，用于构成所述牙齿部分的各图案固化层的层厚小于仅用于构成所述齿座部分的各图案固化层的层厚。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的3D打印方法，其特征在于，所述调整构件平台与预设打印基准面之间的间距以填充待固化的光固化材料的方式包括：
    基于牙齿模型中所标记的横截层层厚，调整所述构件平台与预设打印基准面之间的间距，其中，所述牙齿模型包括：牙齿部分模型和用于支撑所述牙齿部分模型的齿座部分模型；
    其中，所标记的横截层层厚包括：所述牙齿部分模型中至少一个横截层层厚、和所述齿座部分模型中至少一个横截层的层厚，所述牙齿部分模型中至少一个横截层层厚小于所述齿座部分模型中至少一个横截层的层厚。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的3D打印方法，其特征在于，所述调整构件平台与预设打印基准面之间的间距以填充待固化的光固化材料的方式包括：
    按照牙齿部分模型中每层横截层层厚，至少两次的调整构件平台与预设打印基准面之间的间距；和/或
    按照齿座部分模型中至少两个横截层层厚，调整构件平台与预设打印基准面之间的间距。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的3D打印方法，其特征在于，所述按照牙齿模型中分层图像将所述间距内的光固化材料固化成对应的图案固化层的方式包括：
    将在调整间距时所依据的至少一个横截层上的分层图像照射在所述间距内的光固化 材料上。
  6. 一种三维物体数据的分层方法，其特征在于，包括：
    将牙齿模型进行分层处理，得到构成所述牙齿模型的各横截层，其中，每个横截层中描绘了所述牙齿模型在相应分层处的分层图像；其中，所述牙齿模型包括：牙齿部分模型和用于支撑所述牙齿部分模型的齿座部分模型；
    其中，在所述分层处理期间，设定所述牙齿部分模型中至少一个横截层的层厚小于所述齿座部分模型中至少一个横截层的层厚，和/或设定所述牙齿部分模型与齿座部分模型及二者之间的交汇横截层。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的三维物体数据的分层方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    基于所获取的交汇横截层标记指令在牙齿模型上标记交汇横截层；或者
    识别至少部分横截层所描绘的分层图像中的牙齿特征信息和/或支撑特征信息，并基于识别结果确定所述牙齿部分模型与齿座部分模型的交汇横截层。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的三维物体数据的分层方法，其特征在于，所述将牙齿模型进行分层处理的方式包括：
    按照预设层厚将牙齿模型进行分层处理并标记交汇横截层；或者
    以所标记的交汇横截层为分界，按照牙齿部分模型的层厚，将所述牙齿部分模型进行分层处理，以及，按照齿座部分模型的层厚，将所述齿座部分模型进行分层处理。
  9. 根据权利要求6至8中任一所述的三维物体数据的分层方法，其特征在于，所述将牙齿模型进行分层处理的方式包括：为所述牙齿模型设置至少一个横截层层厚标记。
  10. 一种3D打印设备，其特征在于，包括：
    容器，用于盛放光固化材料；
    构件平台，用于附着经照射后得到的图案固化层，以便经由所述图案固化层积累形成3D构件；
    Z轴驱动机构，与所述构件平台连接，用于受控的调整所述构件平台与预设打印基准面的间距以填充待固化的光固化材料；
    曝光装置，用于按照牙齿模型中分层图像将所述间距内的光固化材料固化成对应的 图案固化层以得到对应的牙齿结构，其中，所述牙齿结构包括牙齿部分和支撑所述牙齿部分的齿座部分；
    控制装置，与所述Z轴驱动机构相连，用于控制所述Z轴驱动机构调整所述间距，并在控制所述Z轴驱动机构调整间距期间满足：用于构成所述牙齿部分的至少一个图案固化层的层厚小于用于构成所述齿座部分的至少一个图案固化层的层厚；
    所述控制装置还与所述曝光装置连接，用于控制曝光装置照射相应分层图像。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的3D打印设备，其特征在于，用于构成所述牙齿部分的各图案固化层的层厚小于仅用于构成所述齿座部分的各图案固化层的层厚。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的3D打印设备，其特征在于，所述控制装置包括：存储单元，用于保存分层后的牙齿模型的文件；其中，所述牙齿模型包含牙齿部分模型和用于支撑所述牙齿部分模型以外的齿座部分模型。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的3D打印设备，其特征在于，所述存储单元还存储横截层层厚标记、和/或横截层所属模型标记；其中，所横截层层厚标记用于标识所述牙齿部分模型中至少一个横截层层厚；所标记的至少一个横截层层厚小于所述齿座部分模型中至少一个横截层的层厚；
    所述控制装置还包括：处理单元，用于基于所保存的横截层标记、和/或横截层所属模型标记调整所述构件平台与预设打印基准面之间的间距。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的3D打印设备，其特征在于，所述存储单元还存储交汇横截层标记，所交汇横截层标记用于标识所述牙齿部分模型与齿座部分模型的交汇横截层；
    所述控制装置还包括：处理单元，用于基于所述交汇横截层所确定的牙齿模型中的牙齿部分模型及所述牙齿部分模型中每层横截层层厚，调整构件平台与预设打印基准面之间的间距；以及用于基于所述交汇横截层所确定的牙齿模型中的齿座部分模型及所述齿座部分模型中至少两个横截层层厚和所述交汇横截层，调整构件平台与预设打印基准面之间的间距。
  15. 根据权利要求10所述的3D打印设备，其特征在于，所述控制装置还用于基于所调整的间距控制曝光装置照射图像。
  16. 一种三维物体数据的分层设备，其特征在于，包括：
    存储单元，用于保存牙齿模型，其中，所述牙齿模型包括：牙齿部分模型和用于支撑所述牙齿部分模型的齿座部分模型；
    处理单元，用于将所保存的牙齿模型进行分层处理，得到构成所述牙齿模型的各横截层，每个横截层中描绘了所述牙齿模型在相应分层处的分层图像；
    其中，在所述处理单元分层处理期间，设定所述牙齿部分模型中至少一个横截层的层厚小于所述齿座部分模型中至少一个横截层的层厚。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的三维物体数据的分层设备，其特征在于，所述处理单元在分层处理期间，在所述牙齿部分模型和齿座部分模型分别至少一个横截层标记；和/或所述处理单元在分层处理期间，区分标记分别属于所述牙齿部分模型和齿座部分模型的横截层。
  18. 根据权利要求16或17所述的三维物体数据的分层设备，其特征在于，所述处理单元还用于：
    识别至少部分的各所述分层图像的牙齿特征信息或支撑特征信息；
    基于识别结果确定所述牙齿部分模型与齿座部分模型的交汇横截层。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的三维物体数据的分层设备，其特征在于，所述处理单元用于以所述交汇横截层为分界，按照牙齿部分模型的层厚，将所述牙齿部分模型进行分层处理，以及，按照齿座部分模型的层厚，将所述齿座部分模型进行分层处理。
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