WO2021017937A1 - 制造方法、系统、3d打印设备及图像处理方法 - Google Patents

制造方法、系统、3d打印设备及图像处理方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021017937A1
WO2021017937A1 PCT/CN2020/103151 CN2020103151W WO2021017937A1 WO 2021017937 A1 WO2021017937 A1 WO 2021017937A1 CN 2020103151 W CN2020103151 W CN 2020103151W WO 2021017937 A1 WO2021017937 A1 WO 2021017937A1
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layer
area
dental restoration
model
manufacturing
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PCT/CN2020/103151
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘震
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苏州铼赛智能科技有限公司
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Priority to EP20846232.5A priority Critical patent/EP4008524A4/en
Priority to US17/631,859 priority patent/US20220281162A1/en
Publication of WO2021017937A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021017937A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/0003—Making bridge-work, inlays, implants or the like
    • A61C13/0006—Production methods
    • A61C13/0013—Production methods using stereolithographic techniques
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/0003—Making bridge-work, inlays, implants or the like
    • A61C13/0022—Blanks or green, unfinished dental restoration parts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/08—Artificial teeth; Making same
    • A61C13/082—Cosmetic aspects, e.g. inlays; Determination of the colour
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/227—Driving means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/227—Driving means
    • B29C64/232—Driving means for motion along the axis orthogonal to the plane of a layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/245—Platforms or substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/264—Arrangements for irradiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/321—Feeding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/321—Feeding
    • B29C64/336—Feeding of two or more materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/364—Conditioning of environment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/40—Structures for supporting 3D objects during manufacture and intended to be sacrificed after completion thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/321—Feeding
    • B29C64/329—Feeding using hoppers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/753—Medical equipment; Accessories therefor
    • B29L2031/7532—Artificial members, protheses
    • B29L2031/7536—Artificial teeth

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of 3D manufacturing, in particular to a manufacturing method, system, 3D printing equipment and image processing method.
  • dental restorations such as dentures
  • dental restorations such as dentures
  • each patient has a different tooth shape
  • molds for mass production.
  • every tooth restoration is artificially manufactured.
  • the base is first cut out, and then the base is subjected to shape grinding, coloring, sintering, etc. according to a three-dimensional model constructed based on the missing whole tooth or part of the tooth.
  • the manual method not only requires high manual technology, but also takes a long time.
  • 3D printing is a kind of rapid prototyping technology. It is a technology that uses powdered metal, plastic, resin and other bondable materials to construct objects based on digital model files by printing layer by layer. 3D printing equipment manufactures 3D objects by executing this printing technology. 3D printing equipment has a wide range of applications in the fields of molds, customized products, medical fixtures, and prostheses due to its high molding accuracy.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a manufacturing method, system, 3D printing equipment, and image processing method to solve the problem that 3D printing technology in the prior art cannot effectively improve the aesthetic effect of dental restorations The problem.
  • the first aspect of the present application provides a manufacturing method, which is applied to a 3D printing device to manufacture a dental restoration blank, the manufacturing method includes: coating a first material and a second material separately Cover the area to be formed; wherein the first material is a viscous material containing ceramic components, and the second material contains a coloring material; selective light curing is performed on the material layer containing the first material and the second material To form a cross-sectional solidified layer belonging to the dental restoration blank; repeat the above steps to accumulate each cross-sectional solidified layer layer by layer to manufacture the dental restoration blank.
  • the second aspect of the present application provides a 3D printing device, including: a molding room, an internal accommodating component platform; an optical system for selectively curing the irradiated material layer to form a cross-sectional layer belonging to the dental restoration blank; Z axis
  • the moving mechanism is connected to the component platform, and is used to drive the component platform to move to provide an area to be molded in the molding chamber;
  • the first replenishing device is used to provide the first material to be coated, wherein
  • the first material is a viscous material containing a ceramic component;
  • a second feeding device is used to provide a second material to be coated, wherein the second material contains a pigment; and the first coating device is used to Coating the first material to the area to be molded; a second coating device for coating the second material to the area to be molded; a control device to control the optical system and the movement of the Z axis Mechanism, a first refilling device, a second refilling device, a first coating device, and a second coating device, and
  • a third aspect of the present application provides a control device for use in a 3D printing device, including: a storage unit for storing a dental restoration model to be molded, and at least one program; a processing unit, connected to the storage unit, The at least one program is executed to control the 3D printing device to execute the manufacturing method as described in any one of the first aspect to manufacture a dental restoration blank corresponding to the dental restoration model.
  • the fourth aspect of the present application provides a manufacturing method, including: using a dental restoration blank obtained by the manufacturing method as described in any one of the first aspect; processing the obtained dental restoration blank to obtain a tooth Substitute entity.
  • the fifth aspect of the present application provides an image processing method, which includes: constructing a support model of the original model of the dental restoration; performing layered processing on the dental restoration model containing the support model, wherein the support model in the same layer of slice graphics There is a gap between the slice area and the original model slice area of the dental restoration.
  • a sixth aspect of the present application provides a computer device, including: a storage unit for storing at least one program; a processing unit for calling the program stored in the storage unit to execute the image processing method as described in the fifth aspect .
  • the manufacturing method, system, 3D printing equipment, and image processing method of the present application have the following beneficial effects: the second coating device in the 3D printing equipment described in the present application can coat the area to be formed layer by layer.
  • the second material of the color material realizes the purpose of increasing the color effect during the manufacturing of the dental restoration blank; at the same time, due to the way of adding the color material layer by layer, the color of the manufactured dental restoration blank can conform to the manufactured dental restoration blank.
  • the color of the dental restoration entities is inconsistent.
  • the design method of the support of the dental restoration blank provided by the present application since there is a gap between the designed support model and the original model of the dental restoration, during the manufacturing process, the manufactured support can be aligned.
  • the supporting function of the tooth restoration blank does not need to perform the de-supporting operation on the tooth restoration blank.
  • the methods and equipment provided in this application effectively improve the manufacturing efficiency of the dental restoration entity.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of the 3D printing device of this application in an embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a second coating device and a second replenishing device in an embodiment of the 3D printing device of this application.
  • Figures 3a and 3b respectively show graphic schematic diagrams of the corresponding color data of each pixel of the slice graphic in the dental restoration model of this application.
  • FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of an embodiment of the manufacturing method of this application.
  • FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of the manufacturing method of this application in another embodiment.
  • Fig. 6 shows a flowchart of the manufacturing method of this application in another embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic structural diagram of the 3D printing device of this application in another embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 shows a flowchart of the manufacturing method of this application in another embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 shows a flowchart of an embodiment of the image processing method for constructing the support model of the original model of the dental restoration according to this application.
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic diagram of images of the original model and the supporting model of the tooth restoration constructed in this application.
  • first, second, etc. are used herein to describe various elements in some instances, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element.
  • the first preset threshold may be referred to as the second preset threshold, and similarly, the second preset threshold may be referred to as the first preset threshold without departing from the scope of the various described embodiments.
  • the first preset threshold and the preset threshold are both describing a threshold, but unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, they are not the same preset threshold.
  • the similar situation also includes the first volume and the second volume.
  • the dental restoration Before using 3D printing equipment to manufacture dental restorations, doctors used X-ray imaging, CT (Computed Tomography), CBCT (Cone beam CT), scanners and other technologies to analyze the dental data in the patient’s mouth. By imaging, image data including the tooth vacancy to be repaired and the upper (or lower) left and right teeth are obtained.
  • the doctor determines the dental restoration to be manufactured according to the acquired image data; the technician designs the original model corresponding to the dental restoration according to the acquired image data, and then processes the original dental restoration model into a
  • the 3D model data processed by the 3D printing device hereinafter referred to as the dental restoration model).
  • the dental restoration includes at least one of the following: denture teeth, bridges, crowns, space maintainers, and tooth replacement appliances.
  • Each of the dental restoration models contains layered data required for layer-by-layer printing of the 3D printing device, slice graphics determined based on the cross-sectional profile of the upper or lower surface of each layer, and determined based on the layer-by-layer printing sequence. Placement angle, support structure data set based on placement angle, etc.
  • the 3D printing equipment solidifies the light-curable resin mixed with ceramic components layer by layer to obtain the dental restoration blank corresponding to the above-mentioned three-dimensional model data.
  • the blanks cannot meet the color requirements and need to be manually trimmed for sintering, glazing, and coloring operations. Therefore, the existing 3D printing equipment does not improve the production efficiency of dental restorations in the manufacturing process.
  • the oral image data collected by the doctor contains color data
  • the original model of the dental restoration manufactured by the technician based on the color data in the acquired oral image data also contains the color data.
  • the color data corresponding to each layer is obtained.
  • the 3D printing equipment provided in this application manufactures corresponding tooth restoration blanks based on the color data corresponding to each layer.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of the 3D printing device in an embodiment.
  • the 3D printing equipment includes a molding room 11, an optical system 18, a Z-axis moving mechanism 13, a first replenishing device 14, a second replenishing device 16, a first coating device 15, a second coating device 17, and a control Device (not shown).
  • the molding room is used to provide a manufacturing environment for manufacturing dental restoration blanks.
  • the molding chamber provides a closed space for printing layer by layer.
  • the molding chamber formed by the shell of the 3D printing device can provide a constant temperature, vacuum and other manufacturing environment for manufacturing dental restoration blanks.
  • the molding chamber provides a non-enclosed space in which various materials supplemented by the first and second replenishing devices will be coated during layer-by-layer printing. Go to the area to be molded formed in the molding chamber and collect the coated excess material.
  • the molding chamber includes a non-closed chamber, and various supplementary materials are collected at the bottom of the chamber.
  • the molding chamber includes a cavity, the upper surface of the cavity facing the optical system is not capped, and a component platform that can move vertically (that is, move along the Z axis) in the cavity is provided in the cavity,
  • the component platform can be moved up to be level with the upper surface of the chamber, or even higher than the upper surface of the chamber.
  • Examples of the component platform include component plates.
  • the component platform engages with the chamber wall.
  • the component platform is used for attaching a dental restoration blank formed by curing layer by layer.
  • the manufactured dental substitute blank is located in a region to be formed between the component platform and the upper surface of the cavity, wherein the area of the region to be formed is less than or equal to the surface area of the component platform.
  • the component platform is lowered by a high distance, a space for replenishing materials will be vacated between the component platform and the upper surface of the cavity, and the space vacant between the component platform and the upper surface of the cavity is used as the space to be formed Area for the first coating device and the second coating device to be filled with material.
  • the material scattered from the component platform is collected at the bottom of the chamber.
  • the component platform is lowered again by a high distance. Repeatedly, the dental restoration blank formed by curing layer by layer is attached to the component platform.
  • the Z-axis moving mechanism is connected with the component platform, and is used to drive the component platform to move to provide the region to be formed in the molding chamber.
  • the Z-axis moving mechanism includes a driving unit and a vertical moving unit.
  • the driving unit is used to drive the vertical moving unit so that the vertical moving unit drives the component platform to move up and down (that is, move along the Z axis).
  • the driving unit is a driving motor.
  • the driving unit is controlled by control instructions.
  • the control commands include: directional commands used to indicate the rise, fall, or stop of the component platform, and may even include speed/speed acceleration, or torque/torque and other parameters used to control the lifting speed. This is beneficial to accurately control the lifting distance of the vertical moving unit to achieve precise adjustment of the Z axis.
  • the vertical moving unit includes, for example, a fixed rod with one end fixed on the component platform, and a snap-in moving assembly fixed with the other end of the fixed rod.
  • the bite-type moving component is driven by the driving unit to drive the fixed rod to move vertically
  • the bite-type moving component is, for example, a limit moving component that is bitten by a toothed structure, such as a rack.
  • the vertical moving unit includes a screw rod and a positioning and moving structure that is screwed to the screw rod, wherein both ends of the screw rod are screwed to the driving unit, and the extension end of the positioning and moving structure is fixedly connected to
  • the positioning and moving structure may be, for example, a ball screw.
  • the Z-axis moving mechanism is partially or completely located in the molding chamber.
  • the vertical moving unit of the Z-axis moving mechanism is located in the cavity of the molding room and is connected to the component platform, and the driving unit is located outside the cavity of the molding room to reduce the material collected in the cavity Impact on the operation of the drive unit.
  • the first feeding device is used to provide a first material to be coated, wherein the first material is a viscous paste or slurry material containing ceramic components.
  • the ceramic component includes, but is not limited to, any ceramic material that has the strength to withstand the force in the mouth.
  • the ceramic component is in the form of particles. Examples of ceramic components include, but are not limited to, glass ceramic materials, glass materials, high-strength ceramic materials such as alumina, zirconia, mullite, silica, spinel, tricalcium phosphate, apatite, fluoroapatite , Hydroxyapatite and its mixtures.
  • the ceramic composition may also contain silica coated particles.
  • the first material is a viscous material formed by mixing the above-mentioned at least one ceramic component and a material.
  • the material includes, but is not limited to: light-curable resin or solvent.
  • the solvent include water, adhesives and the like.
  • the weight ratio of the ceramic components in the first material is between 40%-95%.
  • the weight ratio of the ceramic components in the first material is between 70%-95%.
  • the photocurable resin includes photocurable resin prepolymer, reactive diluent, photoinitiator and the like.
  • the photocurable resin prepolymer is selected from any one or a combination of acrylic resin and epoxy resin.
  • the acrylic resin includes, but is not limited to, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether diepoxy acrylic resin, urethane acrylate, and polyester acrylate.
  • the epoxy resin includes, but is not limited to, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether diepoxy resin, dicyclopentadiene phenol type epoxy resin, glycidyl ester epoxy resin, glycidyl amine epoxy resin, soybean oil modified ⁇ epoxy resin.
  • Examples of the reactive diluent are acrylate monomers.
  • the acrylate monomers include, but are not limited to, tricyclodecyl dimethanol diacrylate, isobornyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, propoxylated neopentyl glycol diacrylate, alkoxylated pentaerythritol four Acrylate, phenoxyethyl acrylate, ethoxylated trimethylol triacrylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, 1,6-ethylene glycol diacrylate.
  • the photoinitiator is selected from any one or a mixture of cationic photoinitiators and free radical photoinitiators.
  • the cationic photoinitiator includes, but is not limited to, bis-2,6-difluoro-3-pyrrolephenylferrocene, 4-isobutylphenyl-4'-methylphenyl iodonium hexafluorophosphate, 4 -(Phenylthio)phenyldiphenylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate.
  • the free radical photoinitiator includes but is not limited to 2,4,6-(trimethylbenzoyl) diphenyl phosphine oxide, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, benzoin dimethyl ether, isopropyl thia Anthrone, benzophenone, thioxanthone, ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate.
  • the modified inorganic powder includes inorganic powder and surface modifier.
  • the first material may also include materials for adjusting the transmittance of the dental restoration blank, such as yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, zirconium oxide, and the like.
  • the mass fraction of the material used to adjust the light transmittance contained in the first material is in the range of 5wt% to 11wt%; select the powder type according to the needs, for example, 3Y-TZP and ( 4 ⁇ 6)
  • the mass ratio of Y-PSZ powder is in the range of 2:1 ⁇ 4:1.
  • the ratio of each component in the first material may be determined according to the position of the manufactured dental restoration entity in the oral cavity.
  • the quality of yttrium oxide in the first material component is relatively high; correspondingly, the manufactured dental restoration entity is used to repair molars, then the The quality of yttrium oxide in the first material component is relatively low.
  • the first feeding device may be placed in the molding chamber.
  • the first replenishing device is located below an inner side of the chamber; a discharge port of the first replenishing device and the vicinity of the upper surface of the cavity and the area to be formed may be provided
  • the connecting plate is used for stacking the first material and reducing the gap between the discharge port and the area to be formed.
  • the first replenishing device may be placed outside the molding chamber.
  • the first replenishing device is located in the storage space on one side of the molding chamber, and the discharge port of the first replenishing device provides the first material into the molding chamber through an external pipe.
  • the first feeding device includes a containing cavity for containing the first material and a paste lead-out unit.
  • the first material is poured into the accommodating cavity, and the paste deriving unit derives a preset volume of the first material by adjusting the volume of the accommodating cavity.
  • the cavity wall of the accommodating cavity is a hard structure and is an integral structure with the discharge port
  • the paste export unit includes a piston located in the accommodating cavity and a driving module that drives the piston, Driven by the driving module, the piston pushes the first material out of the discharge port.
  • the accommodating cavity and the discharge port form an integral structure, and contain the bagged first material; the paste deriving unit derives the preset volume by adjusting the bagged volume The first material.
  • the paste export unit includes an adjustment module and a drive module that drives the adjustment module, wherein the adjustment module includes a clamping member and a roller, and the clamping member clamps the bag containing the first material At the bottom, the drive module drives the roller to rotate the clamping piece to shrink the bag volume. Driven by the drive module, the adjustment module pushes the first material out of the discharge port.
  • the first material is contained in the accommodating cavity, and the paste lead-out unit leads a preset volume of the first material to the discharge port by means of vacuum extraction.
  • the paste export unit includes a pipe connected to the discharge port and an air pressure adjustment module, wherein the air pressure adjustment module increases the air pressure in the accommodating cavity or reduces the air pressure in the pipe to export the first material to Outlet.
  • the first replenishing device is placed above the edge of the area to be formed, and a discharge port and a control switch for controlling the discharge port are provided below the first replenishing device, and the on-off of the control switch is used.
  • a preset volume of the first material is stacked on the edge of the area to be formed.
  • the first coating device is arranged above the cavity of the molding chamber and at least across the region to be molded.
  • the first coating device is used for coating the led-out first material to the region to be formed.
  • the first coating device includes a spray head unit with at least one row of spray holes, a moving unit located on opposite sides of the area to be formed, and a mounting beam spanning the moving unit; wherein, the The two ends of the mounting beam are fixed on the mobile module of the mobile unit, the spray head unit is fixed on the mounting beam, and the mobile module moves along the track in the mobile unit; the mounting beam drives the spray head unit During the movement of the to-be-formed area, the nozzle unit fills the led out first material in the to-be-formed area.
  • the first coating device is a doctor blade device, and the first material to be led out is placed on one side of the region to be formed.
  • the scraper device includes a scraper body, a moving unit located on opposite sides of the area to be formed, and a mounting beam spanning the moving unit; the scraper body is fixed on the mounting beam, and both ends of the mounting beam Fixed on the mobile module of the mobile unit, and the mobile module moves along the track in the mobile unit. Driven by the moving unit, the scraper body pushes the derived first material to the area to be formed and coats the entire area to be formed.
  • a second material containing a colorant needs to be coated on the area to be formed.
  • the second material can be formed by color matching according to a preset standard color card.
  • the preset color standards include, but are not limited to: VITA colorimetric plates, custom color card standards, etc.
  • the colorant includes, but is not limited to, any one or more combinations: selected from compounds containing two or more rare earth metal ions selected from praseodymium ion, erbium ion, cerium ion and neodymium ion, selected from the following elements At least one of oxides.
  • the element is iron, titanium, vanadium, manganese, copper, chromium, cobalt, nickel, selenium, and at least one rare earth metal selected from cerium, terbium, erbium, neodymium, praseodymium, samarium, and europium.
  • the colorant is a soluble salt of two or more rare earth ions selected from the group consisting of praseodymium ion, erbium ion, neodymium ion, and cerium ion, and the anion of the soluble salt is selected from chloride ion, acetate, and nitric acid.
  • the colorant contains 0.5-30 wt% iron oxide.
  • the second material also includes a solvent.
  • the solvent can dissolve the selected colorant as the minimum standard.
  • Water and alcohol solvents can be used alone or in combination; for example, the alcohols are selected as small molecules with greater solubility in water. alcohol.
  • the small molecular alcohol is selected from methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, glycerol, and/or ethylene glycol, for example.
  • Additives may also be included in the second material.
  • the additive is used to make the tooth restoration blank after sintering without any harmful residue of pure organic matter.
  • the additives include but are not limited to thixotropic agents.
  • the thixotropic agent is, for example, one or more selected from glucose, sucrose, polydextrose, polyvinyl alcohol, PEG-600 and the like.
  • the additive may also include a surfactant, such as a surfactant selected from the group consisting of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, high-carbon fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester, polyoxyethylene One or more of vinylamine, etc.
  • the first material and the second material may further include a mutual-reactive material to promote the second material to penetrate into the first material.
  • the selected mutual reaction material does not react with other components in the mixed first material or the second material as the minimum configuration.
  • the second feeding device is used to provide the second material.
  • the second replenishing device can be placed in the molding room or in the material storage area outside the molding room. Since the color of the teeth from the root to the tip of the tooth is not uniformly distributed, the color data corresponding to each layer in the original model of the dental restoration generated based on the image data obtained by the oral cavity is not completely the same.
  • the second replenishing device includes at least two containers for independently holding the second material, wherein each The second material contained in the container has a different color composition and/or ratio.
  • the second material contained in each container has different types of colorant components, or the same colorant components but different mass ratios (or molar ratios), or colorant components and mass ratios (or molar ratios). All are different.
  • the second material replenishing device is equipped with a second material leading-out unit corresponding to each container for guiding the corresponding second material to the second coating device.
  • the second material derivation unit includes a diversion mechanism and a pressure regulating module that lead out the container mouth from a region in the container lower than the surface of the second material, wherein the pressure regulating module increases the air pressure in the corresponding container, or The air pressure in the guide mechanism is reduced to guide the second material to the second coating device.
  • the second material export unit includes a diversion mechanism and an adjustment module connected to the corresponding container mouth, wherein the second material export unit diverts the second material to the second material by adjusting the volume of the container. 2. Coating device.
  • the container has a downward container mouth
  • the second material export unit includes a diversion mechanism and a diversion switch; wherein the diversion switch is arranged on the diversion mechanism.
  • the second material export unit exports the second material to the second coating device by adjusting the capacity of the corresponding container.
  • the second material export unit includes a piston located in the container, a drive module connected to the piston, and a flow guide mechanism. Driven by the drive module, the piston pushes the second material out of the container and the flow guide mechanism The second material is guided to the second coating device.
  • a bag of second material is contained in the container; the second material deriving unit derives a preset volume of the second material by adjusting the bag volume.
  • the second material export unit includes an adjustment module and a drive module that drives the adjustment module; and a flow guide mechanism, wherein the adjustment module includes a clamping member and a roller, and the clamping member clamps and holds At the bottom of the bag of the second material, the drive module drives the roller to rotate the clamping piece to shrink the bag volume. Driven by the drive module, the adjustment module pushes the second material out of the container and the guide mechanism pushes the second material out of the container. The material is guided to the second coating device.
  • the second coating device is used for coating the second material to the region to be formed.
  • the second coating device may apply the corresponding second material and the first material to the region to be formed in order with the first coating device.
  • the second coating device may have the same structure or a different structure.
  • the second coating device has the same structure as the first coating device.
  • the second coating device is a doctor blade device, and the movement direction of the second coating device is orthogonal to the direction of movement of the first coating device; correspondingly, the second replenishing device mixes at least one The second material is guided to one side of the cavity of the molding chamber for the second coating device to coat the area to be molded.
  • the second coating device is a spraying device, and the second spraying device can share the moving unit and the mounting beam with the first coating device, or be separately provided with the coating of the first coating device.
  • the second coating device includes a spray head unit, which includes at least one spray hole and is fixed on the corresponding mounting beam.
  • each nozzle hole can be connected to the flow guiding mechanism of each container through a separate channel or at least partially shared multiple channels.
  • the spray head unit includes an array of spray holes.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of the nozzle array in the second coating device and the second replenishing device in an embodiment.
  • the nozzle array 51 in the second coating device includes a plurality of nozzle rows 511, and the nozzle holes in each nozzle row 511 are arranged according to the pixel interval and the size of the pixel points in the slice pattern.
  • the row of holes 511 is connected to a container 521 in the second replenishing device 52, that is, each row of spray holes 511 extracts and sprays the second material from the same container 521 through the flow guiding mechanism 522.
  • the length of each nozzle row 511 in the nozzle array 51 shown in FIG. 2 is equivalent to the width of the area to be formed, and the second coating device follows the first coating The device moves from one side of the area to be formed to the other side, and the nozzle row 511 can traverse and spray the entire area to be formed.
  • each nozzle row 511 in the nozzle hole array 51 shown in FIG. 2 has fewer nozzle holes
  • the second coating device further includes a second moving unit that moves along the mounting beam.
  • the array is arranged on the second moving unit, so that the spray hole array 51 moves along the moving direction of the scraper and the moving direction of the mounting beam to traverse the entire area to be formed by spraying.
  • the nozzle unit also includes a control array corresponding to each nozzle hole.
  • the control array controls the corresponding pixel row (or column) position and the corresponding pixel row (or column) color data according to the current position of each nozzle hole in the nozzle hole array and its corresponding pixel row (or column) position in the slice pattern.
  • the spray hole at the pixel position is connected to spray the corresponding second material to the area to be formed.
  • the control array controls spray holes at corresponding pixel positions to spray the second material, and controls spray holes not corresponding to pixel positions to spray the second material.
  • the control array can also control the volume of the second material sprayed.
  • the spray head unit in the second coating device is fixed on the mounting beam of the squeegee device and precedes the The squeegee body has a preset distance; when the squeegee device coats the area to be formed, the second coating device sprays at least one second material obtained on the area to be formed before the first material, and then the subsequent The doctor blade body coats the first material on the sprayed second material, thereby forming a material layer to be cured.
  • the spray head unit in the second coating device is fixed on the mounting beam of the squeegee device, and the squeegee body is separated by a preset distance; when the squeegee device coats the area to be formed, the first coating The device first coats the first material to the area to be molded, and then sprays at least one second material on the coated first material by the subsequent nozzle unit, thereby forming a material layer to be cured. Still alternatively, the spray head unit in the second coating device covers the entire area to be formed, and sprays at least one second material based on the shape outlined by the slice pattern. To this end, the second coating device further includes a moving unit , It is used to drive the spray head unit to cover the area to be formed and leave the area to be formed.
  • the optical system is used to selectively cure the irradiated material layer to form a cross-sectional layer belonging to the dental restoration blank.
  • the optical system radiates light energy facing the cavity opening of the molding chamber.
  • the optical system is located above the opening of the cavity and radiates light energy within the range of the component platform to cure the material layer in the region to be molded.
  • the optical system is an optical system that provides light radiation in a scanning-based manner.
  • the optical system includes a laser transmitter, a lens group located on the light path of the laser transmitter, and a galvanometer group located on the light exit side of the lens group (none of which is shown), wherein the laser transmitter
  • the energy of the output laser beam is adjusted in a controlled manner, for example, the laser transmitter is controlled to emit a laser beam of a preset power and stops emitting the laser beam, for example, the laser transmitter is controlled to increase the power of the laser beam And reduce the power of the laser beam.
  • the lens group is used to adjust the focus position of the laser beam
  • the galvanometer group is used to control the scanning of the laser beam in the two-dimensional space on the bottom surface of the container, and the material scanned by the beam is selectively cured into Corresponding pattern curing layer.
  • the optical system is based on a surface projection optical system that provides light radiation.
  • the optical system includes a light source, a DMD chip, a controller, and a storage module.
  • the storage module stores the slice graphics of the corresponding cross-sectional layer in the three-dimensional model data to be described by image data.
  • the DMD chip irradiates each pixel on the corresponding layered image onto the coated material after receiving the control signal from the controller.
  • the DMD chip appears to be just a small piece of mirror, which is encapsulated in a confined space composed of metal and glass.
  • this mirror is composed of hundreds of thousands or even millions of micromirrors, and each micromirror Represents a pixel, and the projected image is composed of these pixels.
  • the DMD chip can be simply described as a semiconductor light switch and a micro lens corresponding to the pixel.
  • the controller allows/disables the reflection of light from each micro chip by controlling each light switch in the DMD chip, thereby illuminating the corresponding layered image to all On the coated material, the material corresponding to the image shape is selectively cured to obtain a patterned cured layer.
  • the optical system includes a light source, an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display, liquid crystal display), and a controller, and the controller controls the LCD to transmit light or not to transmit light according to the position of each pixel in the received slice pattern, so that the corresponding image
  • the shaped material is selectively cured to obtain a patterned cured layer.
  • the 3D printing equipment also includes a control device for controlling the optical system, the Z-axis moving mechanism, the first replenishing device, the second replenishing device, the first coating device, and the second coating device.
  • a control device for controlling the optical system, the Z-axis moving mechanism, the first replenishing device, the second replenishing device, the first coating device, and the second coating device.
  • the control device includes a storage unit, a processing unit, and a data interface unit.
  • the storage unit includes non-volatile memory, volatile memory, and the like.
  • the non-volatile memory is, for example, a solid state hard disk or a U disk.
  • the storage unit is connected to the processing unit through a system bus.
  • the processing unit includes at least one of a CPU or a chip integrated with the CPU, a programmable logic device (FPGA), and a multi-core processor.
  • the number of the data interface is multiple.
  • Each of the data interface units is separately connected to 3D printing equipment such as the optical system, the Z-axis moving mechanism, the first refilling device, the second refilling device, the first coating device, and the second coating device.
  • a device that transmits data is separately connected to 3D printing equipment such as the optical system, the Z-axis moving mechanism, the first refilling device, the second refilling device, the first coating device, and the second coating device.
  • the device also includes at least one of the following: a prompt device, a human-computer interaction device, and the like.
  • the data interface unit determines its interface type according to the connected device, which includes but is not limited to: universal serial interface, video interface, industrial control interface, etc.
  • the data interface unit includes: USB interface, HDMI interface, and RS232 interface. Among them, there are multiple USB interfaces and RS232 interfaces.
  • the USB interface can be connected to human-computer interaction devices, and the RS232 interface is connected to the detection device and the Z-axis movement mechanism. , HDMI interface to connect optical system, etc.
  • the storage unit in the control device stores a dental restoration model including color data, layered data, and slice graphics for each layer.
  • the color data may correspond to the entire dental restoration model.
  • the color data corresponds to the slice graphics of each layer.
  • each pixel of each sliced graphic is assigned the same color data, that is to say, the voxels formed by the area and height of the pixel in the sliced graphic correspond to the same color for each cross-section of the dental restoration model. Data, and the color data of different cross-section layers are not exactly the same.
  • the color data corresponds to the color distribution data of the slice graphics of each layer.
  • Figure 3a is shown as a schematic diagram of the color distribution data in each pixel of a sliced graphic in an embodiment.
  • Each pixel of each sliced graphic changes color from the outer contour inward, that is, the dental restoration
  • Each cross-sectional layer in the model is assigned the color data of the corresponding pixel by the voxel constituted by the area and layer height of the pixel in the slice graphic, and the voxel corresponding to the outer contour of the slice graphic is biased inward according to the preset color
  • the amount of displacement changes color; among them, the numbers 1 and 2 respectively represent two color data.
  • Figure 3b is shown as a schematic diagram of the color distribution data in each pixel of the slice image in another embodiment, where each grid represents a pixel point, and the pixel points 1 and 2 are formed
  • the area represents the sliced graphics of one layer, and the numbers 1 and 2 respectively represent different color data, that is to say, each cross-sectional layer in the dental restoration model is assigned the corresponding voxel by the area of the pixels in the sliced graphics and the layer height.
  • the color data of the pixels, and the inward colors of the voxels corresponding to the outer contour of the sliced figure are not completely the same.
  • the width of the color distribution of pixels in the slice patterns of each layer of the dental restoration at the incisor site is wider than the color distribution width of the pixels in the slice patterns of each layer of the dental restoration at the molar site.
  • the slice pattern corresponding to at least one cross-sectional layer includes color data of two or more colors.
  • the color data of each pixel in a slice pattern of a cross-section layer includes two color material numbers.
  • the color data may be determined based on the composition and ratio of the colorant in the second material used.
  • the color data is a color card number corresponding to a preset standard, and the color card number is consistent with the color provided by the second material contained in the second feeding device.
  • the color data includes color material number, color material density, and so on.
  • the color data includes the serial number of each container in the second replenishing device, and the serial number corresponds to the color material composition and ratio of the contained second material.
  • the color data may also include volume information of the second material, where the volume information includes, but is not limited to: a percentage of a unit droplet volume, a sprayed droplet volume, and the like.
  • the color data includes the color card number and the volume percentage to be sprayed.
  • the color data can be directly assigned to each pixel position of the slice graphics, or a color data file can be used to describe the color data distributed by each slice graphics in the model.
  • FIG. 4 shows a flow chart of manufacturing a dental restoration blank in one embodiment.
  • the processing unit in the control device executes the following steps according to the layer height provided by the dental restoration model, the slice patterns of each layer, the color data corresponding to each slice pattern, etc., to manufacture the corresponding dental restoration blank.
  • step S110 the Z-axis moving mechanism is controlled to drive the component platform to move a corresponding distance from the upper surface of the cavity of the molding chamber to the cavity according to the height of the cross-sectional layer to be manufactured, so that between the upper surface of the cavity and the component platform Form the area to be formed between.
  • step S120 the first material and the second material are respectively applied to the area to be formed.
  • the processing unit determines the volume of the first material applied to the area to be formed according to the layer height to be manufactured, and controls the first replenishing device to push the first material to the first coating device based on the volume;
  • the processing unit further controls the second replenishing device to guide the at least one second material to the second coating device according to the color data in the corresponding layer. For example, the processing unit controls the
  • FIG. 5 shows a flow chart of manufacturing a dental restoration blank in one embodiment.
  • step S120 in FIG. 4 is implemented by steps S121 and S122 in FIG. 5.
  • step S121 the first material is applied to the area to be formed.
  • step S122 a second material is applied to the region to be formed that has been coated with the first material layer, so that the second material penetrates the first material.
  • the first coating device 15 applies the first material 21 to the area to be formed before the second coating device 17. That is, the first coating device 15 first coats the first material 21, and then the second coating device 17 coats the second material 22.
  • the processing device controls the first feeding device to push the first material to the edge of the area to be molded And control the second replenishing device to introduce each second material into the corresponding nozzle row, the processing unit controls the first coating device to apply the pushed out first material to the area to be formed, and at the same time In the region where the first material has been coated in the region to be formed, the second coating device is further controlled to spray the extracted second material on the entire region to be formed.
  • the second coating device may adjust the sprayed second material according to the color distribution data of each pixel in the slice pattern.
  • the processing unit is According to the color distribution data, one nozzle row in the nozzle unit is controlled to spray the second material corresponding to label 1 to the pixel position of label 1, and the other nozzle row in the nozzle unit is controlled to correspond to the second row of nozzle 2. The material is sprayed to the pixel position labeled 2.
  • the second coating device sprays corresponding multiple second materials in the area to be formed according to multiple colors and color data corresponding to each pixel in the slice pattern.
  • the processing unit according to the multiple color values corresponding to each pixel position in the slice pattern corresponding to the cross-section layer .
  • the nozzle unit in the second coating device when the nozzle row spraying one of the second materials corresponds to the pixel position of the corresponding slice pattern, spray the corresponding second material onto the area to be formed, In this way, the pixel positions containing multiple color values are sprayed with multiple second materials at corresponding positions of the region to be formed.
  • the color data corresponding to the slice pattern of a preset cross-layer includes two color material numbers, number 1 and number 2, as shown in Figure 3a or Figure 3b; correspondingly, the first nozzle unit of the second coating device The nozzle row is used to spray the second material corresponding to the number 1, and the second nozzle row is used to spray the second material corresponding to the number 2.
  • the processing unit detects that the first nozzle row moves to the When the pixel row position corresponding to the slice pattern in the forming area contains the number 1, control the nozzle holes corresponding to the slice pattern in the first nozzle row to spray a second material; and when it is monitored that the second nozzle row moves to the waiting When the position of the pixel row corresponding to the slice pattern in the forming area contains the number 2, the nozzle hole corresponding to the corresponding pixel of the slice pattern in the second nozzle hole row is controlled to spray another second material.
  • the pixels with color data in the multiple slice graphics corresponding to the same cross-sectional layer are not necessarily non-overlapping, and can also be partially or completely overlapped.
  • the processing unit follows the same pixel point of each slice graphic.
  • the color data of the position controls each nozzle row in the second coating device to spray multiple second materials at the corresponding position.
  • the color data in the slice pattern also includes volume information
  • the processing unit controls the volume of the second material sprayed at the corresponding position by the control array in the second coating device according to the color data of the pixel points. the amount. Therefore, different color depths can be manufactured more accurately under the same color card number.
  • FIG. 6 shows a flow chart of manufacturing a dental restoration blank in one embodiment.
  • step S120 in FIG. 4 is executed by steps S123 and S124 in FIG. 6.
  • step S123 the second material is sprayed onto the area to be formed.
  • step S124 a first material is applied to the region to be formed that has been coated with a second material layer to cover the second material.
  • the processing unit controls the second coating device to spray the second material to the area to be formed according to the color data corresponding to the layer to be manufactured.
  • the second coating device includes a spray head unit
  • the first coating device is a squeegee device, wherein the spray head unit is fixed on the mounting beam of the squeegee device and is arranged before the squeegee body in the moving direction;
  • the processing unit controls the second coating device and the second replenishing device to derive the corresponding second material, and during the movement with the squeegee body, it coats the squeegee body with the second material derived by spraying the first material before the squeegee body. material.
  • the processing unit may perform step S140, or it may be affected by factors such as the composition of the first material and the second material and the uniformity of the color of each layer. Consider that the processing unit first executes the following step S130 and then executes step S140.
  • the first material and the second material are coated and delayed for a preset period of time.
  • the preset duration may be related to the physical penetration duration of the first material and the second material.
  • a mutual reaction material is added to the first material and the second material.
  • the preset duration can be related to the reaction time of the mutual reaction material in the first material and the second material. The materials produced during the reaction penetrate each other, and other components in the first material and the second material fuse with each other.
  • step S140 selective light curing is performed on the material layer containing the first material and the second material to form a cross-sectional cured layer belonging to the dental restoration blank.
  • the processing device provides the slice pattern to the optical system, and the optical system sets the scanning path of the beam based on the contour of the slice pattern, and follows The scanning path control beam irradiates the material layer containing the first material and the second material in the area to be formed to obtain the cross-sectional solidified layer of the dental restoration blank.
  • the processing device provides the slice pattern to the optical system, and the optical system controls the DMD chip according to the pixel points of the slice pattern so that the light is projected to be shaped
  • the material layer of the region contains the first material and the second material to obtain a cross-sectional solidified layer of the dental restoration blank.
  • the processing unit may repeat the above-described process based on steps S110-S140 to manufacture the dental restoration blank in a layer-by-layer curing manner.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic structural diagram of another 3D printing device of this application.
  • the first coating device 35 coats the first material 21 before the second coating device 37.
  • the optical system 38 shown in FIG. 7 includes a light source that radiates the area to be formed to apply the light that is applied to the area to be formed in accordance with the slice pattern.
  • the cured resin is cured.
  • the first material is a viscous material containing a mixture of ceramic components and a solvent
  • the second material is a mixed liquid containing a photocurable resin and a colorant.
  • the light source can irradiate the entire area to be formed without interruption, or irradiate the entire area to be formed during coating by the second coating device, or alternatively, radiate the entire area to be formed after the second material is sprayed onto the first material after a preset delay. Molding area.
  • the light source includes any light source that can provide curing energy for the photocurable resin, which includes, but is not limited to, an optical system capable of patterning radiation energy and an optical system that cannot use patterned radiation energy.
  • the light source is an LED array, a laser array, etc.
  • the 3D printing device first coats the area to be formed with a first material and then sprays a second material.
  • the control device in the 3D printing device sprays the second material based on the position of the second coating device in the area to be formed and the current slice pattern.
  • FIG. 8 shows a flow chart of the control device in the 3D printing equipment manufacturing a cross-sectional solidified layer of a dental restoration blank.
  • the control device executes step S210 to control the Z-axis moving mechanism to drive the component platform to move into the chamber, and executes step S221 to control the first feeding device to push the preset volume of the first material out of the first feeding device, and control the first A coating device applies the first material to the area to be formed.
  • steps S210 and S221 are the same as or similar to steps S110 and S121 in FIG. 5, and will not be described in detail here.
  • control device then executes step S222 to apply the second material to the area to be formed based on the slice pattern of the tooth restoration blank to be formed.
  • the color data corresponding to the slice graphics of each layer in the dental restoration model is unified, and the control device controls the second replenishing device to derive the corresponding first material according to the color data corresponding to the slice graphics currently to be manufactured. Two materials, and controlling the second coating device to spray the derived second material into the corresponding shape area of the area to be formed according to the slice pattern currently to be manufactured.
  • the nozzle unit can be installed in the installation of the squeegee device After the amount is measured, the first material 21 is coated on the blade body and the second material 22 is sprayed.
  • the control device controls the first feeding device 34 to push the preset volume of the first material 21 out of the first feeding device 34, and controls the first coating device 35 to apply the first material 21 to the area to be formed; During the first material period, based on the position of the nozzle unit carried and moved by the scraper body in the area to be formed, the shape area of the corresponding slice pattern to be manufactured in the area to be formed, and the color data corresponding to the slice pattern currently to be manufactured, The control device controls the second coating device 37 to spray the derived corresponding second material 22 into the shape area.
  • the color data corresponding to the slice graphics of each layer in the dental restoration model includes color distribution data.
  • the color data describes each pixel point from the outer contour of the slice graphics to the central area.
  • the second material number of the pixel change.
  • the control device controls the second replenishment device to discharge the second material with different numbers to each nozzle hole in the nozzle unit, and controls the second material according to the slice pattern currently to be manufactured.
  • the coating device sprays the derived second materials into the corresponding shape area of the area to be formed.
  • the nozzle unit can be set on the installation amount of the doctor blade device and behind Coating the first material on the blade body and spraying the second material.
  • the control device controls the first replenishing device to push the preset volume of the first material out of the first replenishing device, and controls the first coating device to apply the first material to the area to be formed; during the coating of the first material, Based on the position of the nozzle unit carried and moved by the squeegee body in the area to be formed, the shape area of the corresponding slice pattern to be manufactured in the area to be formed, and the color distribution data corresponding to the slice pattern currently to be manufactured (as shown in Figure 2 Show), the control device controls the second coating device to spray the derived second materials into the shape area.
  • control device During or after performing the steps S210-S222, the control device further performs step S240. Or, taking into account factors such as the composition of the first material and the second material and the improvement of the uniformity of the color of each layer, the control device first executes the following step S230 and then executes step S240 to cure the area coated with the second material Light curing resin, and curing the light curing resin to form a transverse cured layer of the dental restoration blank.
  • step S230 is the same as or similar to step S130, and will not be described in detail here.
  • the control device executes step S240 after a preset time delay.
  • step S240 the control device radiates the region to be formed.
  • the control device controls the LED array to irradiate the entire area to be molded, and the second material sprayed in a slice pattern is cured into a cross-sectional cured layer of the dental restoration blank because of the photocurable resin. Since the area coated by the first material does not contain the photocurable resin, it is still piled in a viscous liquid state on the component platform without being cured.
  • the The 3D printing equipment also includes an environmental control system for adjusting the environmental parameters of the material layer to be molded.
  • the environmental control system includes at least part or all of components such as heating components, temperature sensing components, air pressure sensing components, gas sensing components, temperature control components, and air pressure control components.
  • front-end controlled components such as heating components, temperature sensing components, air pressure sensing components, gas sensing components, and data collection components can be distributed in the molding chamber, optical system, first coating device, first replenishing device, The second coating device and the second feeding device.
  • the heating part may be arranged in the cavity of the molding chamber or on the component platform, the temperature sensing part may be arranged on the chamber or the scraper device, the air pressure sensing part and the gas sensor
  • the components may be arranged in the cavity.
  • Back-end control components such as temperature control components and air pressure control components can be integrated in the control device or separately configured and connected to the control device.
  • the control device monitors the environmental data provided by the temperature sensing component, the air pressure sensing component and other sensing components during the entire manufacturing process of the dental restoration blank, and controls the heating component, the air pressure control component, etc. based on the environmental data, So that the environment in the molding room is conducive to using the first material and the second material to manufacture the dental restoration blank.
  • the tooth restoration blank manufactured by any of the above methods has the effect of uniform distribution in terms of color and light transmittance, and compared with the traditional 3D manufacturing method, the 3D printing equipment described in this application adds color to During the curing process of each layer of the tooth restoration blank, the manufacturing efficiency of the tooth restoration blank is improved.
  • the manufactured dental restoration blank is also processed at least as follows to obtain a dental substitute entity.
  • Technicians will perform treatments such as grease removal, sintering, glazing, and polishing on the dental restoration blanks removed from the 3D printing equipment.
  • the object is a mixture of organic and inorganic materials, and then the organic materials need to be discharged first, that is, grease discharge.
  • the object shrinks in a certain proportion (about 20%), and the space of the original organic ingredients is filled to obtain a pure ceramic part after shrinkage; then the shrinked dental restoration blank is sintered, and the blank is fired Crystallized parts; after sintering, technicians need to confirm the dimensions, and adjust them manually if they are not suitable; then perform surface treatments such as polishing and glazing to obtain suitable gloss and roughness dental substitute entities.
  • the technician needs to adjust the tooth according to the shrinkage ratio of the subsequent steps such as fat removal and sintering and the ratio of the first material and the second material used.
  • the original model of the restoration is enlarged based on the horizontal, vertical, and height directions. Not only that, according to the shape and printing sequence of the tooth restoration to be made, in some shapes, it is also necessary to design a support model for the original model of the tooth restoration.
  • a solid object blank with a supporting structure manufactured by 3D printing equipment the supporting structure and the solid body of the object are connected as a whole.
  • the technicians cut and polish the support structure.
  • the existing support structure is removed The operation is easy to cause damage to the main part of the dental restoration blank, thereby reducing the qualified rate of finished products.
  • this application also provides an image processing method for constructing a support model.
  • the image processing method is mainly executed by computer equipment.
  • the computer device includes at least a storage unit, a processing unit and a data interface unit.
  • the storage unit is used to store the original model of the dental restoration to be layered and at least one program.
  • the storage unit may include a high-speed random access memory, and may also include a non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state storage devices.
  • the storage unit may also include a memory remote from one or more processors, such as a network-attached memory accessed via an RF circuit or an external port and a communication network (not shown), where the communication network may be The Internet, one or more intranets, local area networks (LAN), wide area networks (WLAN), storage local area networks (SAN), etc., or appropriate combinations thereof.
  • the memory controller may control access to the storage unit by other components of the computer equipment, such as the processing unit and the data interface unit.
  • the processing unit is configured to execute at least one program stored in the storage unit to construct a support model for the stored original model of the dental restoration.
  • the processing unit is operatively coupled with the storage unit. More specifically, the processing unit can execute the program in the storage unit to perform operations in the computing device.
  • the processing unit may include one or more general-purpose microprocessors, one or more special purpose processors (ASIC), one or more field programmable logic arrays (FPGA), or any combination thereof.
  • the processing unit is operatively coupled with the network interface to communicatively couple the computing device to the network.
  • the network interface can connect the computing device to a personal area network (PAN) (such as a Bluetooth network), a local area network (LAN) (such as an 802.11x Wi-Fi network), and/or a wide area network (WAN) (injected into a 4G or LTE cellular network) .
  • PAN personal area network
  • LAN local area network
  • WAN wide area network
  • the processing unit is also operatively coupled with an I/O port and an input structure that can enable the computing device to interact with various other electronic devices, and the input structure can enable a user to interact with the computing device. Therefore, the input structure may include buttons, keyboard, mouse, touch pad, etc.
  • the electronic display may include a touch component that facilitates user input by detecting the occurrence and/or location of an object touching its screen (for example, the surface of the electronic display 12).
  • the above-mentioned network interface, I/O port, and input structure are exemplified as examples of the data interface unit.
  • the original model of the dental restoration stored in the storage unit can be received via any one of the data interface units and stored in the storage unit via read and write operations of the processing unit.
  • the original model of the dental restoration stored in the storage unit is constructed based on oral image data received by any of the data interface units.
  • the processing unit first constructs an original model of the dental restoration to be manufactured based on the oral image data before executing the following component method of supporting the model. Considering that the subsequent degreasing, sintering and other operations of the dental restoration blank will cause the dental restoration blank manufactured by the 3D printing equipment to shrink, when constructing the original dental restoration model, the processing unit is based on a preset Scale, enlarge the original model.
  • the preset ratio may include respective magnification ratios for the transverse, longitudinal, and height directions of the dental restoration blank.
  • the preset ratio is a magnification ratio determined based on the maximum shrinkage ratio of the dental restoration blank in the transverse, longitudinal and height directions during the subsequent processing of the dental restoration blank.
  • the processing unit saves the original model of the tooth restoration after the enlargement processing in the storage unit for retrieval and use when the following image processing method is executed.
  • FIG. 9 shows a flowchart of an image processing method for designing a support model based on the original model of the dental restoration.
  • the processing unit of the computer device implements the following steps by calling at least one program to achieve the purpose of constructing a support model for the original model of the tooth restoration.
  • step S310 a support model of the original model of the dental restoration is constructed.
  • the computer equipment can construct a support model according to the initial placement position of the original model of the dental restoration.
  • the initial placement position refers to the placement angle and placement position of the original dental restoration model when it is imported.
  • the original model of the tooth restoration is placed vertically in the direction of the tooth root down and the tooth crown up, and the computer equipment constructs the supporting model according to the above-mentioned placement position.
  • multiple original dental restoration models are selected, and a support model corresponding to the multiple original dental restoration models is constructed.
  • the position of the original model of each dental restoration will be adjusted, for example, according to the height of the original model of each dental restoration, and increase the number of original models of each dental restoration as much as possible
  • the computer device constructs a support model according to the tooth restoration model after the printing position is adjusted.
  • the support model can be divided into a base part and a support part, wherein the base part may have a plate-like structure, and the support part may have a structure such as a plurality of columns, nets, etc.
  • the supporting model accommodates the original model of the dental restoration.
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic diagram of the shape of the supporting model 42 and the original dental restoration model 41.
  • the supporting part of the supporting model 42 is set into a bowl based on the outer contour of the original dental restoration model 41 ⁇ Like structure.
  • the support model constructed by the computer device can define the connection boundary with the outer contour of the original model of the tooth restoration through point connection, line connection or surface connection. There is a gap between the connecting boundary of the supporting model and the outer contour of the original model of the tooth restoration. So far, the three-dimensional model that contains the support model and the original model of the tooth restoration is called the tooth restoration model.
  • step S320 the dental restoration model is subjected to layered processing, wherein there is a gap between the supporting model slice area in the slice graph corresponding to the same layer of cross-section and the original model slice area of the dental restoration .
  • the computer device performs layer processing on the tooth restoration model according to a preset layer height.
  • the layer height can be set uniformly.
  • the layer height can also be distinguished according to whether the dental restoration model contains the cross-section of the original model of the dental restoration.
  • the layer height set when the layering only includes the dental restoration model part of the supporting model may be greater than the layer height of the original model including the dental restoration.
  • the computer equipment firstly layer the supporting model part at the bottom of the first-layer high-layer dental restoration model, and determine whether the upper surface of the layered cross-sectional layer contains the slice area of the original dental restoration model.
  • the computer device also determines the slice pattern of each cross-sectional layer based on the upper surface and/or the lower surface of each layered cross-sectional layer. For example, the computer device defaults that the layered cross-sectional layers have the same upper surface and lower surface, and the upper or lower surface of the cross-sectional layer is uniformly determined as the slice pattern of the corresponding cross-sectional layer. For a cross-sectional layer that contains both the supporting model and the original model of the dental restoration in the same slice graphic, there is a gap between the slice area of the supporting model and the slice area of the original model in the corresponding slice graphic.
  • the computer device also determines the color data of each layered slice figure in the original model of the dental restoration according to the color information of the teeth in the acquired oral image data.
  • the computer device assigns values to the color data of each layer in the original model of the dental restoration according to the color information of the teeth in the oral image data according to a preset color standard.
  • the color standards include but are not limited to: VITA colorimetric cards, custom color standards, etc.
  • VITA color chart one or more color card numbers are determined from each layered position of the original model of the dental restoration in the oral image data, and the determined color card numbers are assigned to the corresponding layer. All pixels of sliced graphics
  • the computer device determines the color data of the outer contour of the slice figure of each layer of the original model according to the position corresponding to each layer in the oral image data; and then, based on the preset color change conditions, determines the outer contour of the slice figure.
  • the color distribution data of each pixel in the contour is related to the position of the original dental restoration model constructed in the oral cavity, the transparency of the teeth, and the change properties of the color itself.
  • the computer device may also determine the color data of the supporting model according to the determined color data of the outer contours of the slice graphics of each layer of the original model, so as to use the 3D printing equipment and materials shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. The tooth restoration blank of the support body.
  • the computer equipment saves the dental restoration model after layering and color processing in file form.
  • the technician can import the file into the 3D printing device.
  • the 3D printing equipment can manufacture a dental restoration blank containing a support based on any of the above-mentioned structures and a matched manufacturing method.
  • the optical system of the 3D printing device irradiates the area to be formed according to the slice pattern including the support model slice area and the original model slice area, so that there is a gap between the cross-sectional solidified layer of the solidified support and the cross-sectional solidified layer of the dental restoration blank.
  • Uncured filler material may only include the first material, or the first material and the second material.
  • the filling material contains the viscous material of the first material
  • the manufactured support restricts the flow of the viscous material, and the support effectively supports the shape of the manufactured dental restoration blank through the filling material. Due to the uncured filling material between the manufactured dental restoration blank and the supporting body, there is no need to de-support the dental restoration blank.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种制造方法、系统、3D打印设备及图像处理方法。其中，所述制造方法包括：将第一材料和第二材料分别涂覆到待成型区域；其中，所述第一材料为包含陶瓷成分的粘稠状材料，第二材料包含色料；向包含有所述第一材料和第二材料的材料层进行选择性光固化以形成属于牙齿修复体坯件的横截固化层；重复上述各步骤逐层累积各横截固化层以制造所述牙齿修复体坯件。本申请实现了在制造牙齿修复体坯件期间增加颜色效果的目的。

Description

制造方法、系统、3D打印设备及图像处理方法 技术领域
本申请涉及3D制造领域，特别是涉及一种制造方法、系统、3D打印设备及图像处理方法。
背景技术
在齿科治疗范围中，利用牙齿修复体(例如假牙)来修补、矫正病人牙齿是一种常用治疗方案。其中，由于每位病人的牙齿形状不同，因此无法利用模具进行大规模生产。目前，每个牙齿修复体均为人工制造。例如，先切割出基底，再根据基于所缺失的整颗牙齿或部分牙齿而构造的三维模型，将该基底进行形状打磨、上色、烧结等处理。人工方式不仅对人工技术要求高，而且耗时长。
3D打印是快速成型技术的一种，它是一种以数字模型文件为基础，运用粉末状金属、塑料和树脂等可粘合材料，通过逐层打印的方式来构造物体的技术。3D打印设备通过执行该种打印技术制造3D物体。3D打印设备由于成型精度高在模具、定制商品、医疗治具、假体等领域具有广泛应用。
由于牙齿修复体对基于颜色、透明度等美学效果要求很高，因此现有的3D打印设备无法满足牙齿修复体的制作需求。
发明内容
鉴于以上所述现有技术的缺点，本申请的目的在于提供一种制造方法、系统、3D打印设备及图像处理方法，用于解决现有技术中3D打印技术无法有效提升牙齿修复体的美学效果的问题。
为实现上述目的及其他相关目的，本申请的第一方面提供一种制造方法，应用于3D打印设备以制造牙齿修复体坯件，所述制造方法包括：将第一材料和第二材料分别涂覆到待成型区域；其中，所述第一材料为包含陶瓷成分的粘稠状材料，第二材料包含色料；向包含有所述第一材料和第二材料的材料层进行选择性光固化以形成属于牙齿修复体坯件的横截固化层；重复上述各步骤逐层累积各横截固化层以制造所述牙齿修复体坯件。
本申请第二方面提供一种3D打印设备，包括：成型室，内部容纳构件平台；光学系统，用于选择性固化所辐射的材料层以形成属于牙齿修复体坯件的横截面层；Z轴移动机构，与所述构件平台相连，用于带动所述构件平台移动以在所述成型室内提供一待成型区域；第一 补料装置，用于提供待涂覆的第一材料，其中，所述第一材料为包含陶瓷成分的粘稠状材料；第二补料装置，用于提供待涂覆的第二材料，其中，所述第二材料包含色料；第一涂覆装置，用于将所述第一材料涂覆到所述待成型区域；第二涂覆装置，用于将所述第二材料涂覆到所述待成型区域；控制装置，控制所述光学系统、Z轴移动机构、第一补料装置、第二补料装置、第一涂覆装置和第二涂覆装置，并在所述构件平台上逐层累积各横截固化层以制造所述牙齿修复体坯件。
本申请第三方面提供一种控制装置，用于3D打印设备中，包括：存储单元，用于存储待成型的牙齿修复体模型，以及至少一个程序；处理单元，与所述存储单元相连，用于执行所述至少一个程序以控制3D打印设备执行如第一方面中任一所述的制造方法以制造对应所述牙齿修复体模型的牙齿修复体坯件。
本申请第四方面提供一种制造方法，包括：利用如第一方面中任一所述的制造方法所得到的牙齿修复体坯件；将所得到的牙齿修复体坯件进行加工处理以得到齿科替代实体。
本申请第五方面提供一种图像处理方法，包括：构建牙齿修复体原始模型的支撑模型；将包含所述支撑模型的牙齿修复体模型进行分层处理，其中，同一层切片图形中的支撑模型切片区域与所述牙齿修复体的原始模型切片区域之间具有间隙。
本申请第六方面提供一种计算机设备，包括：存储单元，用于存储至少一个程序；处理单元，用于调用所述存储单元中所保存的程序以执行如第五方面所述的图像处理方法。
如上所述，本申请的制造方法、系统、3D打印设备及图像处理方法，具有以下有益效果：本申请所述3D打印设备中的第二涂覆装置能逐层地向待成型区域涂覆包含色料的第二材料，实现了在制造牙齿修复体坯件期间增加颜色效果的目的；同时，由于采用逐层添加色料的方式，使得所制造的牙齿修复体坯件的颜色可符合所制造的牙齿修复体实体的颜色不一致的要求。另外，本申请提供的牙齿修复体坯件的支撑件的设计方式，由于所设计的支撑模型和牙齿修复体原始模型之间留有间隙，故在制造期间，所制造的支撑体既能实现对牙齿修复体坯件的支撑作用又无需对牙齿修复体坯件进行去支撑操作。本申请所提供的各方法和设备有效提高了牙齿修复体实体的制造效率。
附图说明
图1显示为本申请的3D打印设备在一实施方式中的结构示意图。
图2显示为本申请的3D打印设备中第二涂覆装置和第二补料装置在一实施方式中的结构示意图。
图3a和3b分别显示为本申请的牙齿修复体模型中切片图形各像素点的对应颜色数据的 图形示意图。
图4显示为本申请的制造方法在一实施方式中的流程图。
图5显示为本申请的制造方法在又一实施方式中的流程图。
图6显示为本申请的制造方法在另一实施方式中的流程图。
图7显示为本申请的3D打印设备在又一实施方式中的结构示意图。
图8显示为本申请的制造方法在另一实施方式中的流程图。
图9显示为本申请的用于构建牙齿修复体原始模型的支撑模型的图像处理方法在一实施方式中的流程图。
图10显示为本申请的所构建的牙齿修复体原始模型和支撑模型的图像示意图。
具体实施方式
以下由特定的具体实施例说明本申请的实施方式，熟悉此技术的人士可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本申请的其他优点及功效。
在下述描述中，参考附图，附图描述了本申请的若干实施例。应当理解，还可使用其他实施例，并且可以在不背离本公开的精神和范围的情况下进行机械组成、结构、电气以及操作上的改变.下面的详细描述不应该被认为是限制性的，并且本申请的实施例的范围仅由公布的专利的权利要求书所限定.这里使用的术语仅是为了描述特定实施例，而并非旨在限制本申请。空间相关的术语，例如“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“下面”、“下方”、“下部”、“上方”、“上部”等，可在文中使用以便于说明图中所示的一个元件或特征与另一元件或特征的关系。
虽然在一些实例中术语第一、第二等在本文中用来描述各种元件，但是这些元件不应当被这些术语限制。这些术语仅用来将一个元件与另一个元件进行区分。例如，第一预设阈值可以被称作第二预设阈值，并且类似地，第二预设阈值可以被称作第一预设阈值，而不脱离各种所描述的实施例的范围。第一预设阈值和预设阈值均是在描述一个阈值，但是除非上下文以其他方式明确指出，否则它们不是同一个预设阈值。相似的情况还包括第一音量与第二音量。
再者，如同在本文中所使用的，单数形式“一”、“一个”和“该”旨在也包括复数形式，除非上下文中有相反的指示.应当进一步理解，术语“包含”、“包括”表明存在所述的特征、步骤、操作、元件、组件、项目、种类、和/或组，但不排除一个或多个其他特征、步骤、操作、元件、组件、项目、种类、和/或组的存在、出现或添加.此处使用的术语“或”和“和/或”被解释为包括性的，或意味着任一个或任何组合.因此，“A、B或C”或者“A、B 和/或C”意味着“以下任一个：A；B；C；A和B；A和C；B和C；A、B和C”。仅当元件、功能、步骤或操作的组合在某些方式下内在地互相排斥时，才会出现该定义的例外。
在利用3D打印设备制造牙齿修复体之前，医生利用X光成像、CT(Computed Tomography，电子计算机断层扫描)、CBCT(Cone beam CT锥形束CT)、扫描仪等技术将病人口腔中的牙齿数据图像化，得到包含待修补的牙齿空缺及位于其上(或下)左右牙齿的图像数据。医生依据所获取的图像数据确定待制造的齿科修复体；技术人员根据所获取的图像数据设计对应所述齿科修复体的原始模型，再将所述齿科修复体原始模型处理成能被3D打印设备处理的三维模型数据(以下称其为齿科修复体模型)。其中，所述牙齿修复体(dental restoration)包括以下至少一种：活动假牙(denture teeth)，桥(bridges)，冠(crowns)，空间保持器(space maintainers)，牙齿替代装置(tooth replacement appliances)，正畸附件(orthodontic parts)，正畸保持器(orthodontic retainers)，基托(dentures)，桩(posts)，甲冠(jackets)，嵌体(inlays)，冠盖体(onlays)，贴面(facings)，种植体(implants)，基台(abutments)，咬合板(splints)，局部冠(partial crowns)，假牙(teeth)，接圆(cylinders)，钉(pins)，连接体(connectors)，正畸托槽(orthodontic brackets)等。各所述齿科修复体模型中包含用于3D打印设备逐层打印所需要的分层数据、基于每层上表面或下表面横截面轮廓而确定的切片图形、基于逐层打印顺序而确定的摆放角度、基于摆放角度而设置的支撑结构数据等。
在利用3D打印技术制造牙齿修复体的方式中，3D打印设备将混有陶瓷成分的光固化树脂进行逐层固化，得到对应上述三维模型数据的牙齿修复体坯件，由于所制造的牙齿修复体坯件无法满足颜色要求，需要采用人工修整方式进行烧结、上釉、上色等操作。因此在制造过程上现有的3D打印设备未提高牙齿修复体的制作效率。
随着齿科医疗技术的发展，医生所采集的口腔图像数据中包含颜色数据，技术人员基于所获取的口腔图像数据中的颜色数据而制造的牙齿修复体原始模型中也包含颜色数据。在对包含颜色数据的牙齿修复体原始模型进行分层处理后，得到每层各自对应的颜色数据。本申请所提供的3D打印设备基于每层所对应的颜色数据来制造相应的牙齿修复体坯件。
请参阅图1，其显示为所述3D打印设备在一实施方式中的结构示意图。所述3D打印设备包括成型室11、光学系统18、Z轴移动机构13、第一补料装置14、第二补料装置16、第一涂覆装置15、第二涂覆装置17、以及控制装置(未予图示)。
所述成型室用于为制造牙齿修复体坯件提供制造环境。在一些实施方式中，所述成型室提供一用于逐层打印的封闭空间。例如，借助3D打印设备的外壳所形成的成型室可为制造牙齿修复体坯件提供恒温、真空等制造环境。在另一些实施方式中，所述成型室提供非封闭 的空间，在该空间内执行逐层打印期间，所述第一补料装置和第二补料装置所补充的各种材料将被涂覆到所述成型室内所形成的待成型区域内以及将所涂覆的多余的材料予以收集。例如，所述成型室包含非封闭的腔室，在腔室底部收集所补充的各种材料。
在所述成型室内包含有一腔室，所述腔室面向光学系统的上表面无封顶，在所述腔室内设有可在所述腔室内竖直移动(即沿Z轴移动)的构件平台，所述构件平台可上移至与所述腔室上表面持平，甚至高于所述腔室的上表面。所述构件平台举例包括构件板。在与所述腔室上表面持平时，所述构件平台与所述腔室壁衔接。所述构件平台用于附着经逐层固化而形成的牙齿修复体坯件。所制造的齿科替代坯件位于所述构件平台与腔室上表面之间所形成的待成型区域中，其中，所述待成型区域的面积小于等于所述构件平台的表面积。所述构件平台每下降一层高距离，在所述构件平台与腔室上表面之间将空出一可补充材料的空间，所述构件平台与腔室上表面所空缺出来的空间作为待成型区域，以供第一涂覆装置和第二涂覆装置填充材料。在下降期间，从所述构件平台上散落的材料被收集在所述腔室底部。当所述待成型区域内所填充的材料被选择性固化后，所述构件平台再次下降一层高距离，如此反复，所述构件平台上附着经逐层固化而形成的牙齿修复体坯件。
所述Z轴移动机构与所述构件平台相连，用于带动所述构件平台移动以在所述成型室内提供所述待成型区域。在此，所述Z轴移动机构包含驱动单元和竖直移动单元。所述驱动单元用于驱动所述竖直移动单元，以便所述竖直移动单元带动构件平台升降移动(即沿Z轴移动)。例如，所述驱动单元为驱动电机。所述驱动单元受控制指令控制。其中，所述控制指令包括：用于表示构件平台上升、下降或停止等方向性指令，甚至还可以包含转速/转速加速度、或扭矩/扭力等用于控制升降速度的参数。如此有利于精确控制竖直移动单元的升降距离，以实现Z轴的精准调节。其中，所述竖直移动单元举例包括一端固定在所述构件平台上的固定杆、与固定杆的另一端固定的咬合式移动组件。其中，所述咬合式移动组件受驱动单元驱动以带动固定杆竖直移动，所述咬合式移动组件举例为由齿状结构咬合的限位移动组件，如齿条等。又如，所述竖直移动单元包括：丝杆和旋接所述丝杆的定位移动结构，其中所述丝杆的两端旋接于驱动单元，所述定位移动结构的外延端固定连接到构件平台上，该定位移动结构可例如为滚珠丝杠。
所述Z轴移动机构部分或全部位于所述成型室内。例如，所述Z轴移动机构的竖直移动单元位于所述成型室的腔室内并与构件平台相连，所述驱动单元位于所述成型室的腔室之外，以减少腔室所收集的材料对驱动单元运行的影响。
所述第一补料装置用于提供待涂覆的第一材料，其中，所述第一材料为包含陶瓷成分的粘稠状膏状或浆状材料。其中，所述陶瓷成分包括但不限于具有承受口中力的强度的任何陶 瓷材料。所述陶瓷成分呈颗粒形式。陶瓷成分的实例包括但不限于玻璃陶瓷材料、玻璃材料、高强度陶瓷材料如氧化铝、氧化锆、莫来石、二氧化硅、尖晶石、磷酸三钙、磷灰石、氟磷灰石、羟基磷灰石及其混合物。为了增强后续烧结操作，所述陶瓷成分还可以包含二氧化硅涂覆颗粒。所述第一材料为包含上述至少一种陶瓷成分和材料混合后形成的粘稠状材料。其中，所述材料包括但不限于：光固化树脂、或溶剂。其中，所述溶剂举例包括水、粘合剂等。其中，所述第一材料中的陶瓷成分的重量配比在40％-95％之间。例如，所述第一材料中的陶瓷成分的重量配比在70％-95％之间。
其中，所述光固化树脂包括光固化树脂预聚体、活性稀释剂和光引发剂等。所述光固化树脂预聚体选自丙烯酸树脂和环氧树脂中的任意一种或两种混合。所述丙烯酸树脂包括但不仅限于双酚A二缩水油醚二环氧丙烯酸树脂、聚氨酯丙烯酸酯、聚酯丙烯酸酯。所述环氧树脂包括但不仅限于双酚A二缩水油醚二环氧树脂、双环戊二烯苯酚型环氧树脂、缩水甘油酯类环氧树脂、缩水甘油胺类环氧树脂、大豆油改性环氧树脂。所述活性稀释剂举例为丙烯酸酯单体。所述丙烯酸酯单体包括但不仅限于三环癸基二甲醇二丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸异冰片酯、丙烯酸十八烷基酯、丙氧基化新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯、烷氧基化季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、苯氧乙基丙烯酸酯、乙氧基化三羟甲基三丙烯酸酯、二缩丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、1，6-乙二醇二丙烯酸酯。所述光引发剂选自阳离子光引发剂和自由基光引发剂中的任意一种或两种混合。所述阳离子光引发剂包括但不仅限于双2，6-二氟-3-吡咯苯基二茂铁、4-异丁基苯基-4’-甲基苯基碘鎓六氟磷酸盐、4-(苯硫基)苯基二苯基硫鎓六氟磷酸盐。所述自由基光引发剂包括但不仅限于2，4，6-(三甲基苯甲酰基)二苯氧化膦、1-羟基环己基苯基甲酮、安息香双甲醚、异丙基硫杂蒽酮、二苯甲酮、硫杂蒽酮、4-二甲氨基苯甲酸乙酯。所述改性无机粉料包括有无机粉料和表面改性剂。
所述第一材料中还可以包含用于调整牙齿修复体坯件透光度的材料，如氧化钇、氧化镧、氧化锆等。根据与透光度要求，所述第一材料中所包含的用于调整透光度的材料的质量分数在5wt％～11wt％范围内；根据需要选择粉料类别，例如，3Y-TZP与(4～6)Y-PSZ粉料质量比在2:1～4:1范围内。所述第一材料中各成分的配比可依据所制造的牙齿修复体实体在口腔中的位置而定。例如，所制造的牙齿修复体实体为用于修补切牙，则所述第一材料成分中的氧化钇质量比较高；对应的，所制造的牙齿修复体实体为用于修补磨牙，则所述第一材料成分中的氧化钇质量比较低。
所述第一补料装置可放置在所述成型室内。例如，所述第一补料装置位于所述腔室一内侧的下方；在所述第一补料装置的出料口、和所述腔室上表面与待成型区域的相邻处可设置有一衔接板，用以堆放第一材料并减少所述出料口与待成型区域之间的缝隙。所述第一补料 装置可放置在所述成型室外。例如，所述第一补料装置位于所述成型室一侧的储料空间内，所述第一补料装置的出料口通过外接导管将第一材料提供至成型室内。
所述第一补料装置包含容纳所述第一材料的容置腔和膏体导出单元。在一些实施方式中，第一材料被灌入所述容置腔中，所述膏体导出单元通过调节所述容置腔的容积来导出预设体积的第一材料。例如，所述容置腔的腔壁为硬质结构且与所述出料口成整体结构，所述膏体导出单元包括位于所述容置腔内的活塞和驱动所述活塞的驱动模块，在所述驱动模块的驱动下，活塞将第一材料推出所述出料口。在又一些实施方式中，所述容置腔与所述出料口成整体结构，并盛放袋装第一材料；所述膏体导出单元通过调节所述袋装容积来导出预设体积的第一材料。例如，所述膏体导出单元包括调节模块和驱动所述调节模块的驱动模块，其中，所述调节模块包含夹持件和滚轴，所述夹持件夹持盛放第一材料的袋装底部，所述驱动模块带动滚轴转动夹持件以收缩袋装容积，在所述驱动模块的驱动下，调节模块将第一材料推出所述出料口。在另一些实施方式中，所述容置腔内盛放所述第一材料，所述膏体导出单元通过真空抽取方式将预设体积的第一材料导出至出料口。例如，所述膏体导出单元包含与出料口相连的导管和气压调节模块，其中所述气压调节模块增加容置腔中气压，或减少所述导管中的气压，以将第一材料导出至出料口。在再一些实施方式中，所述第一补料装置放置在待成型区域的边缘上方，在第一补料装置下方设有出料口和控制出料口的控制开关，利用控制开关的通断将预设体量的第一材料堆放在待成型区域边缘处。
第一涂覆装置设置在所述成型室的腔体上方且至少横跨所述待成型区域。所述第一涂覆装置用于将被导出的第一材料涂覆到所述待成型区域。在一些实施方式中，所述第一涂覆装置包含至少一排喷孔的喷头单元、位于所述待成型区域相对两侧的移动单元以及横跨所述移动单元的安装梁；其中，所述安装梁两端固定在所述移动单元的移动模块上，所述喷头单元固定在所述安装梁上，所述移动模块沿所述移动单元中的轨道移动；所述安装梁带动所述喷头单元在所述待成型区域移动期间，所述喷头单元将被导出的第一材料填充在所述待成型区域内。
在又一些实施方式中，所述第一涂覆装置为刮刀装置，被导出的第一材料放置在所述待成型区域一侧。例如，所述刮刀装置包含刮刀本体、位于所述待成型区域相对两侧的移动单元以及横跨所述移动单元的安装梁；所述刮刀本体被固定在安装梁上，所述安装梁两端固定在所述移动单元的移动模块上，所述移动模块沿所述移动单元中的轨道移动。所述刮刀本体在所述移动单元的带动下，将导出的第一材料推至所述待成型区域并涂覆至整个待成型区域。
在所述待成型区域还需涂覆包含色料的第二材料。其中，所述第二材料可根据预设标准的色卡配色而成。其中，所述预设颜色标准包括但不限于：VITA比色板、自定义色卡标准等。
其中，所述色料包括但不限于任一种或多种组合：选自含有镨离子、铒离子、铈离子和钕离子中的两种或两种以上稀土金属离子的化合物，选自以下元素氧化物中的至少一种。其中，所述元素为铁、钛、钒、锰、铜、铬、钴、镍、硒，选自铈、铽、铒、钕、镨、钐、铕中的至少一种稀土金属。例如，所述色料为选自包含镨离子、铒离子、钕离子、铈离子中的两种或两种以上稀土离子的可溶性盐，所述可溶性盐的阴离子选自氯离子、醋酸根、硝酸根、硫氰根、硫酸根中的一种或一种以上；其中所述稀土离子之间的比例为Pr：Er：Ce：Nd＝1：(10～50)：(0～10)：(0～25)，优选为Pr：Er：Ce：Nd＝1：(12～50)：(1～10)：(3～25)。又如，所述色料中包含0.5-30wt％的氧化铁。所述第二材料中还包括溶剂，所述溶剂以能溶解所选色料为最低标准，可单独或混合使用水、醇类溶剂；所述的醇类例如选用在水中溶解度较大的小分子醇。其中所述小分子醇例如选自甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丙醇、丙三醇、和/或乙二醇等。在所述第二材料中还可以包含添加剂。所述添加剂用于使牙齿修复体坯件在烧结后无任何有害残留物的纯有机物质。所述的添加剂包括但不限于触变剂。所述的触变剂例如选自葡萄糖、蔗糖、聚葡萄糖、聚乙烯醇、PEG-600等中的一种或一种以上。所述添加剂还可以包括表面活性剂，表面活性剂例如为选自辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、高碳脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯、聚氧乙烯胺中的一种或更多种等。
为使第一材料和第二材料在更短时间内融合，所述第一材料和第二材料中还可以包含互反应材料以促使所述第二材料渗于第一材料中。其中，根据所述第一材料和第二材料中的成分设置，所选择的互反应材料以不与所混入的第一材料或第二材料中其他成分相反应为最低配置。
所述第二补料装置用于提供所述第二材料。所述第二补料装置可放置在成型室内，或者放置在成型室外的材料储存区域。由于牙齿从齿根到齿尖的颜色并非均匀分布，因此，基于口腔拍照而得的图像数据所生成的牙齿修复体原始模型中对应每层的颜色数据也不完全相同。为此，根据同种或不同种色料在第二材料中的摩尔配比或质量配比，所述第二补料装置包含至少两个用于独立盛放第二材料的容器，其中，各容器所盛放的第二材料的色料成分和/或配比不同。例如，各容器所盛放的第二材料在色料成分的类型不同、或者色料成分相同但质量配比(或摩尔配比)不同、或者色料成分及质量配比(或摩尔配比)均不相同。
所述第二补料装置中对应各容器配置有第二材料导出单元，用以将相应第二材料导流至第二涂覆装置。在一些实施方式中，所述第二材料导出单元包含自容器内低于第二材料表面的区域引出容器口的导流机构和压力调节模块，其中所述压力调节模块增加相应容器中气压，或减少所述导流机构中的气压，以将第二材料导流至第二涂覆装置。在又一些实施方式中，所述第二材料导出单元包含与相应容器口连接的导流机构和调节模块，其中，所述第二材料 导出单元通过调节容器的容积将第二材料导流至第二涂覆装置。在一具体示例中，所述容器具有向下的容器口，所述第二材料导出单元包含导流机构和导流开关；其中，所述导流开关设置在导流机构上。当所述导流开关被导通时，容器中的第二材料通过导流机构导流至第二涂覆装置；反之，相应导流机构被阻断。在另一具体示例中，所述第二材料导出单元通过调整相应容器的容量将第二材料导出至第二涂覆装置中。例如，所述第二材料导出单元包含位于容器内的活塞以及与活塞相连的驱动模块，以及导流机构，在所述驱动模块的驱动下，活塞将第二材料推出容器并由导流机构将第二材料导流至第二涂覆装置。在又一具体示例中，所述容器内盛放袋装第二材料；所述第二材料导出单元通过调节所述袋装容量来导出预设体积的第二材料。例如，所述第二材料导出单元包括调节模块和驱动所述调节模块的驱动模块；以及导流机构，其中，所述调节模块包含夹持件和滚轴，所述夹持件夹持盛放第二材料的袋装底部，所述驱动模块带动滚轴转动夹持件以收缩袋装容积，在所述驱动模块的驱动下，调节模块将第二材料推出容器并由导流机构将第二材料导流至第二涂覆装置。
所述第二涂覆装置用于将所述第二材料涂覆到所述待成型区域。在此，所述第二涂覆装置可与第一涂覆装置有次序地将相应的第二材料和第一材料涂覆至待成型区域。根据所述第一涂覆装置和第二涂覆装置的涂覆顺序，所述第二涂覆装置可具有相同结构或不同结构。
在一些实施方式中，所述第二涂覆装置与第一涂覆装置具有相同的结构。例如，所述第二涂覆装置为刮刀装置，且所述第二涂覆装置与第一涂覆装置的移动方向正交；对应的，所述第二补料装置将所配比的至少一种第二材料导流至成型室的腔室一侧以供第二涂覆装置将其涂覆到待成型区域。
在又一些实施方式中，所述第二涂覆装置为喷涂装置，所述第二喷涂装置可与第一涂覆装置共用移动单元和安装梁，或单独设置与第一涂覆装置的涂覆方向相同或正交的移动单元和安装梁。另外，第二涂覆装置包含喷头单元，其包含至少一个喷孔并固定在相应的安装梁上。其中，每个喷孔可通过单独的通道、或至少部分共用的多条通道连接至每个容器的导流机构。所述喷头单元包含喷孔阵列。在一示例中，请参阅图2，其显示为第二涂覆装置中的喷孔阵列和第二补料装置在一实施方式中的结构示意图。所述第二涂覆装置中的喷孔阵列51包含多个喷孔排511，且每个喷孔排511中各喷孔按照切片图形中像素间隔和像素点所占尺寸排布，每个喷孔排511连接第二补料装置52中的一个容器521，也就是说每个喷孔排511通过导流机构522从同一容器521提取并喷涂第二材料。在一示例中，图2所示的所述喷孔阵列51中的每个喷孔排511所述喷孔排511的长度与待成型区域的宽度相当，第二涂覆装置随第一涂覆装置从待成型区域一侧移动至另一侧，喷孔排511可遍历喷涂整个待成型区域。在另一示例中，图2所示的喷孔阵列51中每个喷孔排511具有更少的喷孔，第二涂覆装置还 包括沿安装梁移动的第二移动单元，所述喷孔阵列设置在所述第二移动单元上，由此，所述喷孔阵列51分别沿刮刀移动方向和安装梁移动方向移动可遍历喷涂整个待成型区域。
所述喷头单元还包括对应各喷孔的控制阵列。在涂覆期间，所述控制阵列按照喷孔阵列中各喷孔的当前位置及其对应于切片图形中的像素行(或列)位置、和对应像素行(或列)的颜色数据，控制相应像素位置的喷孔导通以使相应第二材料喷涂到待成型区域。例如，所述控制阵列控制处于相应像素位置的喷孔喷涂第二材料，以及控制未对应像素位置的喷孔不予喷涂第二材料。在此基础上，所述控制阵列还可以控制喷涂的第二材料的体量。
以所述第一涂覆装置为刮刀装置，所述第二涂覆装置为喷涂装置为例，所述第二涂覆装置中的喷头单元固定在刮刀装置的安装梁上，并先于所述刮刀本体一预设间隔距离；当所述刮刀装置涂覆待成型区域时，第二涂覆装置先于第一材料将所获取的至少一种第二材料喷涂到待成型区域，再由后续的刮刀本体将第一材料涂覆于已喷涂的第二材料上，由此形成待固化的材料层。或者，所述第二涂覆装置中的喷头单元固定在刮刀装置的安装梁上，并后所述刮刀本体一预设间隔距离；当所述刮刀装置涂覆待成型区域时，第一涂覆装置先将所第一材料涂覆到待成型区域，再由后续的喷头单元将至少一种第二材料喷涂于已涂覆的第一材料上，由此形成待固化的材料层。再或者，所述第二涂覆装置中的喷头单元覆盖整个待成型区域，并基于切片图形所勾勒的形状喷涂至少一种第二材料，为此，所述第二涂覆装置还包括移动单元，其用于带动喷头单元覆盖所述待成型区域和离开所述待成型区域。
所述光学系统用于选择性固化所辐射的材料层以形成属于牙齿修复体坯件的横截面层。所述光学系统面向所述成型室的腔室开口辐射光能量。所述光学系统位于腔室开口上方且在构件平台范围内辐射光能量以固化待成型区域的材料层。
在一些实施方式中，所述光学系统为基于扫描的方式提供光辐射的光学系统。例如，所述光学系统包括激光发射器、位于所述激光发射器射出光路上的透镜组和位于所述透镜组出光侧的振镜组(均未予图示)，其中，所述激光发射器受控的调整输出激光束的能量，例如，所述激光发射器受控的发射预设功率的激光束以及停止发射该激光束，又如，所述激光发射器受控的提高激光束的功率以及降低激光束的功率。所述透镜组用以调整激光束的聚焦位置，所述振镜组用以受控的将激光束在所述容器底面的二维空间内扫描，经所述光束扫描的材料被选择性固化成对应的图案固化层。
在另一些实施方式中，所述光学系统基于面投影方式提供光辐射的光学系统。例如，所述光学系统包括光源、DMD芯片、控制器和存储模块。其中，所述存储模块中存储将用图像数据描述的三维模型数据中对应横截层的切片图形。所述DMD芯片在接收到控制器的控制信号后将对应分层的图像上各像素照射到所涂覆的材料上。其中，DMD芯片外观看起来只是 一小片镜子，被封装在金属与玻璃组成的密闭空间内，事实上，这面镜子是由数十万乃至上百万个微镜所组成的，每一个微镜代表一个像素，所投影的图像就由这些像素所构成。DMD芯片可被简单描述成为对应像素点的半导体光开关和微镜片，所述控制器通过控制DMD芯片中各光开关来允许/禁止各微晶片反射光，由此将相应分层图像照射到所涂覆的材料上，使得对应图像形状的材料被选择性固化，以得到图案化的固化层。又如所述光学系统包含光源、LCD(Liquid Crystal Display，液晶显示器)和控制器，所述控制器按照所接收的切片图形中的各像素点位置控制LCD透光或不透光，使得对应图像形状的材料被选择性固化，以得到图案化的固化层。
所述3D打印设备还包括控制装置，用以控制所述光学系统、Z轴移动机构、第一补料装置、第二补料装置、第一涂覆装置和第二涂覆装置，并在所述构件平台上逐层累积各横截固化层以制造所述牙齿修复体坯件。
在此，所述控制装置包括存储单元、处理单元和数据接口单元。其中，所述存储单元包含非易失性存储器、易失性存储器等。其中，所述非易失性存储器举例为固态硬盘或U盘等。所述存储单元通过系统总线与处理单元连接在一起。所述处理单元包含CPU或集成有CPU的芯片、可编程逻辑器件(FPGA)、和多核处理器中的至少一种。所述数据接口的数量为多个。各所述数据接口单元分别连接如光学系统、Z轴移动机构、第一补料装置、第二补料装置、第一涂覆装置和第二涂覆装置等3D打印设备中独立封装且通过接口传输数据的装置。所述装置还包括以下至少一种：提示装置、人机交互装置等。所述数据接口单元根据所连接的装置而确定其接口类型，其包括但不限于：通用串行接口、视频接口、工控接口等。例如，所述数据接口单元包括：USB接口、HDMI接口和RS232接口，其中，USB接口和RS232接口均有多个，USB接口可连接人机交互装置等，RS232接口连接检测装置和Z轴移动机构，HDMI接口连接光学系统等。
在一些实施方式中，所述控制装置中的存储单元存储有包含颜色数据、分层数据和每层的切片图形的牙齿修复体模型。其中，在一些具体示例中，所述颜色数据可对应整个牙齿修复体模型。在又一些具体示例中，所述颜色数据对应每层的切片图形。例如，每层切片图形的各像素点赋值相同的颜色数据，也就是说，牙齿修复体模型中每层横截层以切片图形中像素点的面积和层高所构成的体素对应相同的颜色数据，且不同横截层的颜色数据不完全相同。在另一些具体示例中，所述颜色数据对应每层的切片图形的颜色分布数据。例如，请参阅图3a，其显示为以切片图形的各像素中颜色分布数据在一实施方式中的示意图，每层切片图形的各像素点由外轮廓向内变色，也就是说，牙齿修复体模型中每层横截层以切片图形中像素点的面积和层高所构成的体素赋予相应像素点的颜色数据，且自切片图形的外轮廓所对应的 体素向内按照预设颜色偏移量变色；其中，数字1和2分别表示两种颜色数据。又如，请参阅图3b，其显示为以切片图形的各像素中颜色分布数据在又一实施方式中的示意图，其中，每个栅格表示一个像素点，像素点标1和2所构成的区域表示一层的切片图形，数字1和2分别表示不同颜色数据，也就是说，牙齿修复体模型中每层横截层以切片图形中像素点的面积和层高所构成的体素赋予相应像素点的颜色数据，且自切片图形的外轮廓所对应的体素向内颜色不完全相同。此外，切牙部位的牙齿修复体中各层切片图形中像素的颜色分布宽度宽于磨牙部位的牙齿修复体中各层切片图形中像素的颜色分布宽度。
在另一些实施方式中，在所述存储单元中所保存的牙齿修复体模型中，至少一横截层所对应的切片图形包含两种或两种以上颜色的颜色数据。例如，依据色板标准，一横截层的切片图形中各像素点的颜色数据包含两种色料编号。
其中，所述颜色数据可以基于所采用的第二材料中色料的成分和配比而确定的数据。例如，所述颜色数据为对应预设标准的色卡编号，所述色卡编号与第二补料装置中所盛放的第二材料所提供的颜色一致。又如，颜色数据包含色料编号、色料浓度等。再如所述颜色数据包含与第二补料装置中各容器编号，所述容器编号与所盛放的第二材料中的色料成分和配比对应。所述颜色数据中还可以包含第二材料的体量信息，其中，所述体量信息包括但不限于：单位液滴体积的百分比，所喷涂的液滴体积量等。例如，颜色数据中包含色卡编号以及需喷涂的体积百分比。所述颜色数据可以直接赋值在切片图形的各像素位置，或者利用颜色数据文件描述模型中的各切片图形所分布的颜色数据。
请参阅图4，其显示为制造牙齿修复体坯件在一实施方式中的流程图。所述控制装置中的处理单元根据所述牙齿修复体模型所提供的层高、各层的切片图形、各切片图形所对应的颜色数据等执行以下步骤，以制造对应的牙齿修复体坯件。
在步骤S110中，根据待制造的横截层层高控制Z轴移动机构带动构件平台自成型室的腔室上表面向腔室内移动对应距离，由此在所述腔室上表面与构件平台之间形成待成型区域。
在步骤S120中，将第一材料和第二材料分别涂覆到待成型区域。具体地，所述处理单元根据待制造的层高确定涂覆至待成型区域的第一材料的体积，并基于所述体积控制第一补料装置将第一材料推至第一涂覆装置；所述处理单元还根据相应分层中的颜色数据控制第二补料装置将至少一种第二材料引导至第二涂覆装置。例如，所述处理单元控制第一补料装置中的
在一些实施方式中，请参阅图5，其显示为制造牙齿修复体坯件在一实施方式中的流程图。与图3不同的是，图4中的步骤S120由图5中的步骤S121和S122实现。
在步骤S121中，将第一材料涂覆到待成型区域。
在步骤S122中，将第二材料涂覆到已涂覆有第一材料层的所述待成型区域，以使所述第二材料渗于第一材料。
在此，如图1所示，所述第一涂覆装置15先于第二涂覆装置17将第一材料21涂覆到待成型区域。即由第一涂覆装置15先涂覆第一材料21，再由第二涂覆装置17涂覆第二材料22。
在一示例中，以第一涂覆装置为刮刀装置以及第二涂覆装置包含喷孔阵列为例，在涂覆前，处理装置控制第一补料装置将第一材料推出至待成型区域边缘处，以及控制第二补料装置将各第二材料分别导入相应的喷孔排中，所述处理单元控制所述第一涂覆装置将被推出的第一材料涂覆至待成型区域，同时在所述待成型区域内已涂覆第一材料的区域内还控制第二涂覆装置将所提取的第二材料喷涂在整个待成型区域的第一材料上。
在另一示例中，第二涂覆装置可根据切片图形中各像素的颜色分布数据调整所喷涂的第二材料。仍以第一涂覆装置为刮刀装置以及第二涂覆装置包含喷孔阵列为例，并结合图3a和3b所示的切片图形及颜色分布数据，在涂覆期间，所述处理单元按照所述颜色分布数据，控制所述喷头单元中一个喷孔排将对应标号1的第二材料喷涂到标号1的像素位置，以及控制所述喷头单元中另一个喷孔排将对应标号2的第二材料喷涂到标号2的像素位置。
在又一示例中，所述第二涂覆装置根据切片图形中各像素所对应包含的多种颜色颜色数据在待成型区域中喷涂相应的多个第二材料。仍以第一涂覆装置为刮刀装置以及第二涂覆装置包含喷孔阵列为例，在涂覆期间，处理单元按照横截层所对应的切片图形中各像素位置所对应的多个颜色值，对第二涂覆装置中的喷头单元进行控制，当喷涂其中一种第二材料的喷孔排对应到相应切片图形的像素位置时，将相应第二材料喷涂到所述待成型区域上，如此，包含多个颜色值的像素位置在待成型区域的对应位置处喷涂多种第二材料。例如，预设一横截层的切片图形所对应的颜色数据包含如图图3a或图3b中数字1和数字2两种色料编号；对应地，第二涂覆装置中喷头单元的第一喷孔排用于喷涂数字1所对应的第二材料，第二喷孔排用于喷涂数字2所对应的第二材料；在涂覆期间，处理单元当监测到第一喷孔排移动至待成型区域中对应切片图形中包含数字1的像素排位置时，控制第一喷孔排中对应切片图形相应像素的喷孔喷涂一种第二材料；以及当监测到第二喷孔排移动至待成型区域中对应切片图形中包含数字2的像素排位置时，控制第二喷孔排中对应切片图形相应像素的喷孔喷涂另一种第二材料。
需要说明的是，上述同一层横截层所对应的多幅切片图形中具有颜色数据的像素点并非一定无重叠的，还可以部分或全部重叠，所述处理单元按照各切片图形的同一像素点位置的颜色数据，控制第二涂覆装置中的各喷孔排在相应位置喷涂多种第二材料。
在又一示例中，切片图形中的颜色数据中还包括体量信息，所述处理单元根据像素点的 颜色数据控制第二涂覆装置中的控制阵列在相应位置处所喷涂的第二材料的体量。由此可更准确地制造在同一色卡编号下不同的颜色深度。
在另一些实施方式中，请参阅图6，其显示为制造牙齿修复体坯件在一实施方式中的流程图。与图3不同的是，图4中的步骤S120由图6中的步骤S123和S124执行。
在步骤S123中，将第二材料喷涂到待成型区域。
在步骤S124中，将第一材料涂覆到已涂覆有第二材料层的所述待成型区域以覆盖所述第二材料。
在此，所述处理单元依据待制造分层所对应的颜色数据控制第二涂覆装置将第二材料喷涂到待成型区域。例如，所述第二涂覆装置包含喷头单元，所述第一涂覆装置为刮刀装置，其中，所述喷头单元被固定在刮刀装置的安装梁上，且沿移动方向先于刮刀本体设置；处理单元根据当前层的颜色数据，控制第二涂覆装置和第二补料装置导出相应的第二材料并在随刮刀本体移动期间，先于刮刀本体涂覆第一材料喷涂所导出的第二材料。其中，所喷涂的第二材料呈液滴状滴至待成型区域；与此同时，跟随喷头单元移动的刮刀本体将第一材料涂覆并覆盖到第二材料上。其中，所述第一材料的厚度大于第二材料的厚度。在按照上述任一种涂覆方式涂覆了第一材料和第二材料之后，所述处理单元可执行步骤S140，或者受第一材料和第二材料的成分和每层颜色的均匀度等因素考虑，所述处理单元先执行下述步骤S130再执行步骤S140。
在步骤S130中，涂覆了所述第一材料和第二材料并延时一预设时长。其中，所述预设时长可以与第一材料和第二材料的物理渗透时长相关。为了加快融合速度，第一材料和第二材料中被添加互反应材料，为此所述预设时长可与第一材料和第二材料中的互反应材料的反应时长相关，受互反应材料在反应期间所产生的材料彼此渗透，第一材料和第二材料中的其他成分彼此融合。
在步骤S140中，向包含有所述第一材料和第二材料的材料层进行选择性光固化以形成属于牙齿修复体坯件的横截固化层。
以光学系统为基于扫描的方式提供光辐射的光学系统为例，所述处理装置将所述切片图形提供给光学系统，所述光学系统基于切片图形的轮廓设置对光束的扫描路径，并按照所述扫描路径控制光束照射待成型区域的包含有第一材料和第二材料的材料层，以得到牙齿修复体坯件的横截固化层。
以光学系统为基于面曝光的方式提供光辐射的光学系统为例，所述处理装置将所述切片图形提供给光学系统，所述光学系统按照切片图形的像素点控制DMD芯片使光投射待成型区域的包含有第一材料和第二材料的材料层，以得到牙齿修复体坯件的横截固化层。
所述处理单元可重复上述基于步骤S110-S140中所描述的过程，以逐层固化的方式制造所述牙齿修复体坯件。
请参阅图6，其显示为本申请又一3D打印设备的结构示意图。其中，图6中所示的成型室31、构件平台32、Z轴移动机构33、第一补料装置34、第一涂覆装置35、第二补料装置36、第二涂覆装置37均可利用图1中所示的成型室11、构件平台12、Z轴移动机构13、第一补料装置14、第一涂覆装置15、第二补料装置16、第二涂覆装置17及相应描述所提供的结构予以实现。其中，为实现将第二材料按照切片图形涂覆至待成型区域，所述第一涂覆装置35先于第二涂覆装置37涂覆第一材料21。
另外，与图1所示的3D打印设备不同之处在于，图7中所示的光学系统38包括：光源，辐射所述待成型区域以将按照所述切片图形涂覆到待成型区域的光固化树脂予以固化。为此，所述第一材料采用包含陶瓷成分和溶剂混合的粘稠状材料，第二材料采用包含光固化树脂和色料的混合液。
所述光源可不间断地辐射整个待成型区域，或者在第二涂覆装置涂覆期间辐射整个待成型区域，再或者，在第二材料喷涂至第一材料上的预设延时后辐射整个待成型区域。所述光源包括任何能提供光固化树脂固化能量的光源，其包括但不限于能够以图案化辐射能量的光学系统，以及无法以图案化辐射能量的光学系统。例如所述光源为LED阵列、激光阵列等。
为此，所述3D打印设备先向待成型区域涂覆第一材料再喷涂第二材料。其中，所述3D打印设备中的控制装置基于所述第二涂覆装置在待成型区域的位置及当前切片图形喷涂第二材料。请参阅图8，其显示为所述3D打印设备中控制装置制造一层牙齿修复体坯件的横截固化层的流程图。
所述控制装置通过执行步骤S210控制Z轴移动机构带动构件平台向腔室内移动，以及执行步骤S221控制第一补料装置将预设体量的第一材料推出第一补料装置，并控制第一涂覆装置将第一材料涂覆至待成型区域。其中，步骤S210和S221与图5中步骤S110和S121相同或相似，在此不再详述。
所述控制装置接着执行步骤S222，基于待成型牙齿修复体坯件的切片图形将所述第二材料涂覆到待成型区域。
在一些实施方式中，所述牙齿修复体模型中每层的切片图形所对应的颜色数据统一，所述控制装置根据当前待制造的切片图形所对应颜色数据控制第二补料装置导出相应的第二材料，以及根据当前待制造的切片图形控制第二涂覆装置将所导出的第二材料喷涂到待成型区域的相应形状区域内。
以所述3D打印设备中所包含的第一涂覆装置为刮刀装置，以及所包含的第二涂覆装置 包含喷头单元为例，并结合图7，所述喷头单元可设置在刮刀装置的安装量上且后于刮刀本体涂覆第一材料21而喷涂第二材料22。控制装置控制第一补料装置34将预设体量的第一材料21推出第一补料装置34，并控制第一涂覆装置35将第一材料21涂覆至待成型区域；在涂覆第一材料期间，基于被刮刀本体携带移动的喷头单元在待成型区域中的位置，所述待成型区域内待制造的对应切片图形的形状区域，以及当前待制造的切片图形所对应颜色数据，所述控制装置控制第二涂覆装置37将所导出的相应第二材料22喷涂至所述形状区域内。
在另一些实施方式中，所述牙齿修复体模型中每层的切片图形所对应的颜色数据包含颜色分布数据，例如，所述颜色数据描述了自切片图形的外轮廓各像素点向中心区域各像素点变化的第二材料编号。所述控制装置根据当前待制造的切片图形所对应颜色分布数据，控制第二补料装置向喷头单元中各喷孔排导出不同编号的第二材料，以及根据当前待制造的切片图形控制第二涂覆装置将所导出的各第二材料喷涂到待成型区域的相应形状区域内。
仍以所述3D打印设备中所包含的第一涂覆装置为刮刀装置，以及所包含的第二涂覆装置包含喷头单元为例，所述喷头单元可设置在刮刀装置的安装量上且后于刮刀本体涂覆第一材料而喷涂第二材料。控制装置控制第一补料装置将预设体量的第一材料推出第一补料装置，并控制第一涂覆装置将第一材料涂覆至待成型区域；在涂覆第一材料期间，基于被刮刀本体携带移动的喷头单元在待成型区域中的位置，所述待成型区域内待制造的对应切片图形的形状区域，以及当前待制造的切片图形所对应颜色分布数据(如图2所示)，所述控制装置控制第二涂覆装置将所导出的多种第二材料喷涂至所述形状区域内。
在执行所述步骤S210-S222期间、或之后，所述控制装置还执行步骤S240。或者，受第一材料和第二材料的成分和提高每层颜色的均匀度等因素考虑，所述控制装置先执行下述步骤S230再执行步骤S240以固化涂覆了第二材料的区域内的光固化树脂，并藉由固化所述光固化树脂形成牙齿修复体坯件的横截固化层。
其中，步骤S230与步骤S130相同或相似，在此不再详述。例如，在第一材料和第二材料中包含互反应成分，则控制装置在预设时长的延时后执行步骤S240。
在步骤S240中，所述控制装置辐射所述待成型区域。例如，所述控制装置控制LED阵列照射整个待成型区域，则以切片图形喷涂的第二材料因含有光固化树脂而被固化成牙齿修复体坯件的横截固化层，而待成型区域内仅第一材料所涂覆的区域由于未包含光固化树脂而仍成粘稠状液态堆砌在构件平台上未予固化。
在上述任一种3D打印设备的基础上，为了给第一材料与第二材料的混合状态、反应状态和融合状态中至少一种提供其所需要的温度、材料稳定性等环境条件，所述3D打印设备还包括环境调控系统，用于调控待成型材料层的环境参数。其中，所述环境调控系统包含加 热部件、温度传感部件、气压传感部件、气体感应部件、温度控制部件、气压控制部件等至少部分或全部部件。其中如加热部件、温度传感部件、气压传感部件、气体感应部件等前端受控部件及数据收集部件可分布在所述成型室、光学系统、第一涂覆装置、第一补料装置、第二涂覆装置和第二补料装置中。例如，所述加热部件可设置在所述成型室的腔室内或者设置在构件平台上，所述温度传感部件可设置在所述腔室或刮刀装置上，所述气压传感部件及气体感应部件可设置在所述腔室内。如温度控制部件、气压控制部件等后端控制部件可集成在控制装置中，或者单独配置并与控制装置相连。所述控制装置在整个牙齿修复体坯件的制造过程中监测温度传感部件、气压传感部件等传感部件所提供的环境数据，并基于环境数据对加热部件、气压控制部件等进行控制，以使成型室内的环境有利于利用第一材料和第二材料制造牙齿修复体坯件。
经上述任一种方式制造出的牙齿修复体坯件在颜色、透光度方面具有分布均匀的效果，而且相比于传统的3D制造方式，本申请所述的3D打印设备由于将颜色添加到牙齿修复体坯件的每层固化过程中，提高了牙齿修复体坯件的制造效率。
被制造完成的牙齿修复体坯件还经过至少如下加工处理得到齿科替代实体。技术人员将从3D打印设备上取下的牙齿修复体坯件进行排脂、烧结、上釉、抛光等处理。
打印之后物体为有机和无机材料的混合体，然后需要首先将有机材料排出，也就是排脂。排脂后，物体有一定比例收缩(约20％)，将原先有机成分的空间填满，得到了收缩后的纯陶瓷件；然后将收缩后的牙齿修复体坯件进行烧结，将坯件烧成结晶后的零件；在烧结后，技术人员还需要确认尺寸，如果不合适进行人工调整；之后再进行如抛光和上釉等表面处理，由此得到合适的光泽和粗糙度的齿科替代实体。
由此可见，技术人员在基于医生所拍摄的口腔图像进行牙齿修复体模型设计时，需根据后续排脂烧结等步骤的收缩比例以及所使用的第一材料和第二材料中的配比对牙齿修复体原始模型进行基于横向、纵向、高度方向的放大。不仅如此，根据所要制作的牙齿修复体的形状、打印顺序等，在一些形状下还需要对牙齿修复体原始模型设计支撑模型。
目前，利用3D打印设备所制造的带有支撑结构的物体实体坯件中，支撑结构与物体实体主体之间是连为整体的。在3D打印设备制造出物体实体坯件后，技术人员对支撑结构进行剪裁和打磨。对于牙齿修复体坯件来说，由于其从外之内的颜色分布不同，所制成的坯件还需要排脂、烧结等操作牙齿修复体主体才会紧实，因此，现有的支撑结构的去除操作易对牙齿修复体坯件的主体部分造成损坏，从而降低成品合格率。
为此，本申请还提供一种构建支撑模型的图像处理方法。其中，所述图像处理方法主要由计算机设备来执行。所述计算机设备包括至少包括存储单元、处理单元和数据接口单元。
其中，所述存储单元用于存储待分层的牙齿修复体原始模型，以及至少一个程序。所述存储单元可包括高速随机存取存储器，并且还可包括非易失性存储器，例如一个或多个磁盘存储设备、闪存设备或其他非易失性固态存储设备。在某些实施例中，存储单元还可以包括远离一个或多个处理器的存储器，例如经由RF电路或外部端口以及通信网络(未示出)访问的网络附加存储器，其中所述通信网络可以是因特网、一个或多个内部网、局域网(LAN)、广域网(WLAN)、存储局域网(SAN)等，或其适当组合。存储器控制器可控制计算机设备设备的诸如处理单元和数据接口单元之类的其他组件对存储单元的访问。
其中，所述处理单元用于执行所述存储单元所保存的至少一个程序用以对所存储的牙齿修复体原始模型构建支撑模型。在此，所述处理单元可操作地与存储单元耦接。更具体地，处理单元可执行在存储单元的程序以在计算设备中执行操作。如此，处理单元可包括一个或多个通用微处理器、一个或多个专用处理器(ASIC)、一个或多个现场可编程逻辑阵列(FPGA)、或它们的任何组合。处理单元可操作地与网络接口耦接，以将计算设备以通信方式耦接至网络。例如，网络接口可将计算设备连接到个人局域网(PAN)(诸如蓝牙网络)、局域网(LAN)(诸如802.11x Wi-Fi网络)、和/或广域网(WAN)(注入4G或LTE蜂窝网络)。处理单元还与I/O端口和输入结构可操作地耦接，该I/O端口可使得计算设备能够与各种其他电子设备进行交互，该输入结构可使得用户能够与计算设备进行交互。因此，输入结构可包括按钮、键盘、鼠标、触控板等。此外，电子显示器可包括触摸部件，该触摸部件通过检测对象触摸其屏幕(例如，电子显示器12的表面)的发生和/或位置来促进用户输入。
其中，上述网络接口、I/O端口和输入结构作为数据接口单元的示例被举例。所述存储单元中所保存的牙齿修复体原始模型可经由所述数据接口单元中的任一种被接收并经由处理单元的读写操作存入所述存储单元中。
在一些实施方式中，所述存储单元中所保存的牙齿修复体原始模型是基于由所述数据接口单元中的任一种所接收的口腔图像数据构建而成的。所述处理单元在执行下述支撑模型的构件方法之前，先基于所述口腔图像数据构建待制造的牙齿修复体原始模型。考虑到牙齿修复体坯件的后续排脂、烧结等操作将致使3D打印设备所制造的牙齿修复体坯件具有收缩情况，在构建所述牙齿修复体原始模型时，所述处理单元基于预设比例，放大所述原始模型。其中所述预设比例可包含对牙齿修复体坯件横向、纵向、高度方向各自的放大比例。或者所述预设比例是基于对牙齿修复体坯件的后续处理期间，牙齿修复体坯件在横向、纵向和高度方向收缩比例最大值而确定的放大比例。所述处理单元将放大处理后的牙齿修复体原始模型保存在存储单元中以供在执行下述图像处理方法时调取使用。
请参阅图9，其显示为基于牙齿修复体原始模型设计支撑模型的图像处理方法流程图。 所述计算机设备的处理单元通过调用至少一个程序以执行以下步骤，实现对牙齿修复体原始模型构建支撑模型的目的。
在步骤S310中，构建牙齿修复体原始模型的支撑模型。
在此，计算机设备可根据牙齿修复体原始模型的初始摆放体位构建支撑模型。所述初始摆放体位是指牙齿修复体原始模型被导入时所呈现的摆放角度和摆放位置。通常牙齿修复体原始模型按照牙根向下且牙冠向上的方向竖直摆放，计算机设备按照上述摆放体位构建支撑模型。
在一些实施方式中，为了利用3D打印设备对多个牙齿修复体坯件进行制造，多个牙齿修复体原始模型被选中，并构建对应多个牙齿修复体原始模型的支撑模型，在此，为了加快3D打印设备的制造效率，各牙齿修复体原始模型的摆放体位会被调整，例如，按照各牙齿修复体原始模型的高度基本一致、按照尽量提高各牙齿修复体原始模型的摆放数量中的至少一种，所述计算机设备根据调整了打印体位后的牙齿修复体模型，构建支撑模型。
所述支撑模型可分为基底部分和支撑部分，其中，所述基底部分可呈板状结构，支撑部分呈多个柱状、网状等结构。在一些实施方式中，所述支撑模型容纳牙齿修复体原始模型。例如，请参阅图10，其显示为所述支撑模型42和牙齿修复体原始模型41的形状示意图，所述支撑模型42的支撑部分基于所述牙齿修复体原始模型41的外轮廓而设置成碗状结构。
其中，所述计算机设备所构建的支撑模型可通过点连接、线连接或面连接方式界定与牙齿修复体原始模型的外轮廓之间连接边界。所述支撑模型的连接边界与所述牙齿修复体原始模型的外轮廓之间具有间隙。至此，包含有支撑模型和牙齿修复体原始模型的三维模型被称为牙齿修复体模型。
在步骤S320中，将所述牙齿修复体模型进行分层处理，其中，同一层横截层所对应的切片图形中的支撑模型切片区域与所述牙齿修复体的原始模型切片区域之间具有间隙。
在此，所述计算机设备按照预设的分层层高，对所述牙齿修复体模型进行分层处理。其中，所述分层层高可均匀设置。所述分层层高还可以按照所述牙齿修复体模型是否包含所述牙齿修复体的原始模型的横截面而有所区分。在一示例中，在分层仅包含支撑模型的牙齿修复体模型部分时所设置的分层层高可大于包含所述牙齿修复体的原始模型的分层层高。例如，计算机设备按照打印顺序先按照第一层高分层牙齿修复体模型底部的支撑模型部分，并判断所分层的横截层上表面是否包含牙齿修复体的原始模型的切片区域，若不包含，则继续按照第一层高进行分层处理，反之，则按照第二层高对包含牙齿修复体的原始模型的切片区域的横截层进行重新分层，并按照第二层高对牙齿修复体模型的后续部分进行分层处理。
所述计算机设备还基于已分层的各横截层的上表面和/或下表面确定各横截层的切片图 形。例如，计算机设备默认分层后的横截层具有相同的上表面和下表面，则统一地将横截层的上表面或下表面确定为相应横截层的切片图形。对于同一层切片图形中既包含支撑模型又包含牙齿修复体的原始模型的横截层来说，其所对应的切片图形中支撑模型的切片区域和原始模型的切片区域之间具有间隙。
在进行分层处理期间，所述计算机设备还根据所获取的口腔图像数据中牙齿的颜色信息确定所述牙齿修复体的原始模型中各分层的切片图形的颜色数据。
在一些实施方式中，计算机设备根据预设的颜色标准，按照口腔图像数据中的牙齿颜色信息，对牙齿修复体原始模型中各分层的颜色数据进行赋值。其中，所述颜色标准包括但不限于：VITA比色卡、自定义颜色标准等。例如，按照VITA比色卡从口腔图像数据中对应牙齿修复体原始模型的各分层位置确定一个或多个色卡编号，并将所确定的一个或多个色卡编号赋值给相应分层中切片图形的所有像素点
在另一些实施方式中，计算机设备根据口腔图像数据中对应各分层的位置，确定原始模型各层的切片图形外轮廓的颜色数据；再基于预设的颜色变化条件，确定切片图形中自外轮廓向内的各像素点的颜色分布数据。其中，所述颜色变化条件与所构建的牙齿修复体原始模型在口腔中的位置、牙齿的透明度、颜色本身的变化属性相关。
在又一些实施方式中，计算机设备还可以根据所确定的原始模型各层的切片图形外轮廓的颜色数据确定支撑模型的颜色数据，以便采用图1或图7所示的3D打印设备和材料制造支撑体的牙齿修复体坯件。
计算机设备将经分层处理和颜色处理后的牙齿修复体模型以文件形式保存。技术人员可将所述文件导入3D打印设备。基于上述各示例所提供的3D打印设备，所述3D打印设备可以基于上述任一种结构和所匹配的制造方法制造包含有支撑体的牙齿修复体坯件。
3D打印设备的光学系统按照包含有支撑模型切片区域和原始模型切片区域的切片图形照射待成型区域，使得所固化的支撑体横截固化层与牙齿修复体坯件的横截固化层之间具有未固化的填充材料。其中，根据控制装置对第一涂覆装置和第二涂覆装置所涂覆材料的控制，所述填充材料可仅包含第一材料，或包含第一材料和第二材料。
由于所述填充材料含有第一材料的粘稠状材料，所制造的支撑体限制了粘稠状材料流动，支撑体通过填充材料对所制造的牙齿修复体坯件的形状给予有效支撑，同时所制造的牙齿修复体坯件由于与支撑体之间具有未固化的填充材料，使得无需对牙齿修复体坯件进行去支撑的操作。
上述实施例仅例示性说明本申请的原理及其功效，而非用于限制本申请。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本申请的精神及范畴下，对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此，举凡 所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本申请所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变，仍应由本申请的权利要求所涵盖。

Claims (33)

  1. 一种制造方法，应用于3D打印设备以制造牙齿修复体坯件，其特征在于，所述制造方法包括：
    将第一材料和第二材料分别涂覆到待成型区域；其中，所述第一材料为包含陶瓷成分的粘稠状材料，第二材料包含色料；
    向包含有所述第一材料和第二材料的材料层进行选择性光固化以形成属于牙齿修复体坯件的横截固化层；
    重复上述各步骤逐层累积各横截固化层以制造所述牙齿修复体坯件。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的制造方法，其特征在于，所述将第一材料和第二材料分别涂覆到待成型区域的步骤包括：
    将第一材料涂覆到待成型区域；
    将第二材料涂覆到已涂覆有第一材料层的所述待成型区域，以使所述第二材料渗于第一材料。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的制造方法，其特征在于，所述将第二材料涂覆到已涂覆有第一材料层的所述待成型区域的步骤包括：基于待成型牙齿修复体坯件的切片图形将所述第二材料涂覆到待成型区域。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的制造方法，其特征在于，所述将第一材料和第二材料分别涂覆到待成型区域的步骤包括：
    将第二材料喷涂到待成型区域；
    将第一材料涂覆到已涂覆有第二材料层的所述待成型区域以覆盖所述第二材料。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的制造方法，其特征在于，所述第一材料和第二材料中还包含互反应材料以促使所述第二材料渗于第一材料中。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的制造方法，其特征在于，所述第一材料中还包含光固化树脂；或者所述第一材料中还包括溶剂且第二材料中还包括光固化树脂。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的制造方法，其特征在于，还包括：按照牙齿修复体模型中切片图形所对应的颜色分布数据获取所述第二材料并涂覆到待成型区域。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的制造方法，其特征在于，涂覆了所述第一材料和第二材料并延时一预设时长，向包含有所述第一材料和第二材料的材料层进行选择性光固化以形成属于牙齿修复体坯件的横截固化层。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的制造方法，其特征在于，所述制造方法还包括以下步骤：调控所涂覆的材料层的环境参数。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的制造方法，其特征在于，所述向包含有所述第一材料和第二材料的材料层进行选择性光固化以形成属于牙齿修复体坯件的横截固化层的步骤包括：
    按照所获取的切片图形中支撑模型的切片区域和牙齿修复体原始模型的切片区域进行选择性光固化，其中，所固化的支撑体横截固化层与牙齿修复体坯件的横截固化层之间具有未固化的填充材料。
  11. 一种3D打印设备，其特征在于，包括：
    成型室，内部容纳构件平台；
    光学系统，用于选择性固化所辐射的材料层以形成属于牙齿修复体坯件的横截面层；
    Z轴移动机构，与所述构件平台相连，用于带动所述构件平台移动以在所述成型室内提供一待成型区域；
    第一补料装置，用于提供待涂覆的第一材料，其中，所述第一材料为包含陶瓷成分的粘稠状材料；
    第二补料装置，用于提供待涂覆的第二材料，其中，所述第二材料包含色料；
    第一涂覆装置，用于将所述第一材料涂覆到所述待成型区域；
    第二涂覆装置，用于将所述第二材料涂覆到所述待成型区域；
    控制装置，控制所述光学系统、Z轴移动机构、第一补料装置、第二补料装置、第一涂覆装置和第二涂覆装置，并在所述构件平台上逐层累积各横截固化层以制造所述牙齿修复体坯件。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的3D打印设备，其特征在于，所述控制装置控制第二涂覆装置将第二材料以液滴形态喷涂到待成型区域；以及控制所述第一涂覆装置将第一材料涂覆到已涂覆有第二材料层的所述待成型区域。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的3D打印设备，其特征在于，所述控制装置基于待成型牙齿修复体坯件的切片图形控制所述第二涂覆装置将所述第二材料涂覆到待成型区域。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的3D打印设备，其特征在于，所述控制装置控制所述第一涂覆装置将第一材料涂覆到待成型区域；以及控制所述第二涂覆装置将第二材料涂覆到已涂覆有第一材料层的所述待成型区域，以使所述第二材料渗于第一材料。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的3D打印设备，其特征在于，所述第二材料包含光固化树脂和色料的混合液；所述光学系统包括：光源，辐射所述待成型区域以将按照所述切片图形涂覆到待成型区域的光固化树脂予以固化。
  16. 根据权利要求11所述的3D打印设备，其特征在于，所述第一涂覆装置为刮刀装置，所述第二涂覆装置为喷涂装置。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的3D打印设备，其特征在于，所述喷涂装置包含具有至少一个喷孔的喷头单元；所述刮刀装置包含跨设在构件平台的安装梁、和设置在所述安装梁上的刮刀本体；其中，所述喷头部分设置在所述安装梁上。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的3D打印设备，其特征在于，所述第二补料装置包含至少两个用于独立盛放第二材料的容器，其中，各容器所盛放的第二材料中色料成分和/或配比不同；所述喷头单元包含多个喷孔和多条通道，每条通道连接在一个所述容器和设定的喷孔之间。
  19. 根据权利要求16所述的3D打印设备，其特征在于，所述控制装置基于牙齿修复体模型中切片图形所对应的颜色分布数据控制所述喷涂装置将第二材料涂覆至待成型区域。
  20. 根据权利要求11所述的3D打印设备，其特征在于，所述第一材料和第二材料中还包含互反应材料以促使所述第二材料渗于第一材料中。
  21. 根据权利要求11所述的3D打印设备，其特征在于，所述第一材料中还包含光固化树脂； 或者所述第一材料中还包括溶剂且第二材料中还包括光固化树脂。
  22. 根据权利要求11所述的3D打印设备，其特征在于，还包括：环境调控系统，用于调控待成型材料层的环境参数。
  23. 根据权利要求11所述的3D打印设备，其特征在于，所述控制装置在控制第一涂覆装置和第二涂覆装置分别涂覆了所述第一材料和第二材料并延时一预设时长后，控制所述光学系统向包含有所述第一材料和第二材料的材料层进行选择性光固化以形成属于牙齿修复体坯件的横截固化层。
  24. 根据权利要求11所述的3D打印设备，其特征在于，所述光学系统为基于扫描式的光学系统或基于面曝光式的光学系统。
  25. 根据权利要求11所述的3D打印设备，其特征在于，所述控制装置按照所获取的切片图形中支撑的切片图形和牙齿修复体坯件的切片图形进行选择性光固化，其中，所固化的支撑横截固化层与牙齿修复体坯件的横截固化层之间具有未固化的填充材料。
  26. 一种控制装置，用于3D打印设备中，其特征在于，包括：
    存储单元，用于存储待成型的牙齿修复体模型，以及至少一个程序；
    处理单元，与所述存储单元相连，用于执行所述至少一个程序以控制3D打印设备执行如权利要求1-10中任一所述的制造方法以制造对应所述牙齿修复体模型的牙齿修复体坯件。
  27. 一种制造方法，其特征在于，包括：
    利用如权利要求1-10中任一所述的制造方法所得到的牙齿修复体坯件；
    将所得到的牙齿修复体坯件进行加工处理以得到齿科替代实体。
  28. 一种图像处理方法，其特征在于，包括：
    构建牙齿修复体原始模型的支撑模型；
    将包含所述支撑模型的牙齿修复体模型进行分层处理，其中，同一层切片图形中的支撑模型切片区域与所述牙齿修复体的原始模型切片区域之间具有间隙。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的图像处理方法，其特征在于，所述构建牙齿修复体原始模型的支撑模型的步骤包括：构建容纳牙齿修复体原始模型的支撑模型。
  30. 根据权利要求28所述的图像处理方法，其特征在于，所述图像处理方法还包括基于预设比例，放大所述原始模型的步骤。
  31. 根据权利要求28所述的图像处理方法，其特征在于，所述图形处理方法还包括以下步骤：根据所获取的口腔图像数据中牙齿的颜色信息，确定所述牙齿修复体的原始模型中各分层的切片图形的颜色数据。
  32. 根据权利要求28所述的图像处理方法，其特征在于，所述图像处理方法还包括设置牙齿修复体模型的打印体位的步骤，以便基于所确定的打印体位构建相应的支撑模型。
  33. 一种计算机设备，其特征在于，包括：
    存储单元，用于存储至少一个程序；
    处理单元，用于调用所述存储单元中所保存的程序以执行如权利要求28-32中任一所述的图像处理方法。
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