WO2018203777A1

WO2018203777A1 - Ventilation module for sauna stove

Info

Publication number: WO2018203777A1
Application number: PCT/RU2018/000279
Authority: WO
Inventors: Владимир Юрьевич КОПАЕВ; Сергей Евгеньевич МАЛАФИЕВСКИЙ
Original assignee: Владимир Юрьевич КОПАЕВ; Сергей Евгеньевич МАЛАФИЕВСКИЙ
Priority date: 2017-05-03
Filing date: 2018-04-27
Publication date: 2018-11-08
Also published as: RU2641361C1

Abstract

The invention relates to systems having natural or forced ventilation, and more particularly to air ventilation systems for use in a Russian steam sauna and/or in household rooms where the source of heat is a heat accumulating intermittent-action brick stove, and even more particularly relates to ventilation modules for sauna stoves. The technical result of the claimed technical solution is more reliable control of the ventilation regimes, simpler stove operating conditions, and greater efficiency and economy. The technical results of the claimed invention are achieved by means of a structure of a stove ventilation module, which consists of an inflow duct for outdoor air and an exhaust duct, which are insulated from each other or which are adjacent at least one wall of the stove housing, and a regulating valve. The regulating valve comprises a rod provided with two occluding elements, one of which is mounted in the exhaust duct, and the other of which is mounted in the inflow duct for outdoor air, wherein the valve is mounted to allow the simultaneous opening or closing of both ducts using a single hand movement.

Description

The ventilation module of the sauna stove.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to systems with both natural ventilation and ventilation with mechanical motivation, and more particularly, to air ventilation systems in a steam room of a Russian bathhouse and / or premises of a house where the heat source is a brick kiln of periodic operation, in particular, to ventilation modules of a bath stove .

State of the art

A bathhouse is a room where very special laws apply for ventilation systems. During the use of the bath, it is necessary to strictly observe the required temperature and humidity conditions. Ventilation in the bath can be of various types, the choice depends on which bath the installation is performed for.

The purpose of the ventilation system in the bath:

1. During the use of the steam room, fresh cool air is delivered to the room, and the exhaust air is discharged.

2. When using the ventilation system, the correct air exchange is carried out, which is necessary not only to create the optimal microclimate, but also for the distribution of air masses with a specific temperature. The bath becomes convenient to use.

3. When the use of the bath is completed, due to properly organized ventilation, all moisture is brought out, the walls dry out.

Ventilation can be organized in different ways:

1. The inlet vent is located 50 cm from the floor, and the outlet is on the opposite side at a height of 30 cm. Forced ventilation is installed, that is, a small compact fan. It allows you to set exactly the microclimate that is needed. You can adjust the air flow at the planning stage. The lower the hole, the stronger the airflow will become.

2. Both holes are on the same wall opposite the heater. The entrance will be located at a height of 30 cm from the floor, and the output - 30 cm below the ceiling. A fan is installed at the outlet, but the flow is completely another direction. Cold air rushes to the stove, heats up, and then leaves through the exhaust hole above the ceiling.

3. The air inlet is located directly behind the heater, a height of 20 cm is observed from the floor. The air outlet is placed at the same height, but only on the opposite wall. It is recommended to mount the fan as for other cases. The air is drawn into the steam room near the furnace, heated, and then pulled out by the fan.

4. This method is best suited for such baths where a plank floor with slots for draining water is made. Ventilation in the bathhouse works like this: the entrance is located 30 cm from the floor behind the heater, and the output is through a special ventilation pipe. Air also penetrates through the floor cracks, it helps to drain the room after using it.

5. The next option is great for baths, in which the furnace works almost constantly. These are large rooms, the ventilation inlet here is made on the wall opposite the heater. The role of the outlet pipe is played by the firebox and chimney, through which the exhaust air masses exit quickly and easily. To prevent steam escaping, it is enough to use special plugs for the pipe, opening as necessary.

Proper ventilation is the key to durability of the bath.

Principles of operation of the ventilation system:

1. When entering the steam room, fresh air should in no case violate the already established temperature regime — this is one of the main conditions.

2. In the steam room, the air is not distributed uniformly, but in layers. The coldest masses are located on the floor, heavier air with a low temperature descends here. On the shelves in the steam room the temperature is more comfortable, high temperature values are reached near the ceiling: lighter hot air rises here.

3. Only exhaust air is removed from the steam room; oxygen is contained in it in small quantities. Only fresh air heated by the oven, suitable for breathing, enters the room, allowing you to control the microclimate inside. 4. During ventilation, excess moisture is effectively removed, the tree dries quickly.

If the ventilation of the bath is done correctly, then all the conditions are easily met, and the bath turns out effective. How does the ventilation system work?

The influx of fresh air masses warms up to the required temperature quite quickly, the microclimate in the room remains comfortable.

All ventilation openings should be placed in the wall opposite the heater, or diagonally. This ensures the organization of the correct flow. The bath in this case does not cool down, it warms up evenly, but at the same time there is constant air exchange.

If the ventilation in the bathhouse was performed in compliance with the conditions, then the effect of visiting the steam room will be exactly the one for which it is calculated. After using the bath, all wooden surfaces will dry quickly, there will be no smell of dampness inside, no fungus and mold spots will form on the walls.

Ventilation of a Russian bath.

The ventilation of the bath should fully perform several functions. Fresh air must enter the steam room. If the log house is assembled correctly, all construction conditions are observed, then the lower crowns are free and provide natural access to the air flow inside the steam room from the street. In a wooden Russian bath, there are gaps between the individual logs that allow the minimum amount of air to pass, ensuring its exchange. That is why, when choosing a place for a stove, preference is given to the area near the door. This provides the conditions for heating the air entering the room.

In a large bath, designed for 6-10 people, you must already install a separate duct, that is, a channel that will supply fresh air inside. Without this, the use of the bath will be difficult, and the combustion process in the furnace - impossible. For normal ventilation in saunas of this type, it is necessary to install a double duct, which provides air supply for the furnace and for the steam room separately.

The ventilation system not only delivers, but also removes the already exhausted air. During operation of the furnace, a large mass is formed in the bath hot air, the amount of oxygen decreases. That is why it is necessary that the exhaust air freely leaves the room with the help of a chimney, holes in the furnace. If the stove was installed correctly, then this process occurs on its own.

Air exchange is observed during the opening of doors and windows. Volley weathering occurs when air comes out in a large volume and is replaced by a fresh and cooler one. Another simple device is required. For ventilation in the baths from a tree, a hole with a size of 20 * 20 cm is made in the wall. It is closed during the heating and heating of the steam room, just like in the process of receiving procedures, then it opens, contributing to the removal of exhaust air and the removal of excess moisture. If the steam room has windows, then the hole is no longer required.

To make a ventilation system in brick baths, slightly different conditions are used. It is taken into account that the brick buildings are large-sized, designed for large companies, that is, the steam room area will be significant. In this case, it is necessary to start with the fact that when wall sheathing, a gap between a brick wall and boards or wooden lining is mandatory. This is done in order to be able to dry not only the wood paneling, but also the walls.

With a ventilation device in a stone bath, usually there are no difficulties. The following actions are observed:

It is necessary to make the exit of the pipe to the street. A hole with dimensions of 20 * 20 cm is arranged in the walls of the bath. A pipe is inserted into it. It can be plastic or metal: it all depends on what is available.

The space between the pipe and the wall must be filled with mounting foam. It is necessary to connect to the main ventilation pipe the pipes going to the shower compartment, steam room, rest room. Ventilation grilles should be installed in the places of discharge, they are completely closed if necessary. When air flow is needed, the installation scheme provides for fans. The ventilation device in the brick baths is extremely simple, but during installation it is necessary to strictly follow all the requirements.

Proper ventilation in the baths is necessary in order to maintain a comfortable microclimate, to effectively ensure the flow of fresh air and the withdrawal of exhaust air. In descriptions of famous Finnish iron stoves, it is noted that a hole is made over the stove above the stove (sometimes under or near it), and a gap is made under the steam room door the entire width of the door to a height of 2 cm. The exhaust duct is in the shower ceiling (room, be sure adjacent to the steam room). The working scheme is as follows: the convection stream from the furnace “picks up” the incoming air and this stream rushes to the ceiling, then, cooling down, it is drawn into the slot under the door and disposed of.

The scheme is not effective, because under conditions of powerful circulation, an insignificant part of this air, dissolved in a falling air stream, unnecessary for breathing from a person (including carbon dioxide), leaves under the door, and the main part is again picked up by a convection stream and comes back to breathe soaring .

From documents on baths from the prior art it is known only about the hood, but not mentioning the influx. In this case, air will be supplied to the steam room from a wet washroom, which negatively affects the well-being of the soaring ones. It should be noted that the inflow without exhaust does not work, exactly the opposite, therefore, the inventive ventilation module is effective.

The inventive ventilation module in the most efficient way utilizes air harmful to human breathing, replacing it with fresh air, and also works effectively with a massive brick stove, with virtually no circulation.

The disadvantages of all the ventilation systems described above are the complex, unreliable and inconvenient control of ventilation modes, the inconvenience due to the fact that it is necessary to shut off the trenches, adjust them to the necessary soaking conditions, and adjust that in the conditions of taking bath procedures is impractical.

Disclosure of invention

The ventilation module of the bath stove can be used as part of heat-accumulating stone bath or heating stoves operating on any type of fuel: firewood, gas, electricity, wood pellets, etc. Their main difference from other furnaces is that the processes of evaporation and furnace furnaces are separated in time. During steaming, the stove is not heated. The objective of the claimed invention is to eliminate the above disadvantages and to develop the design of the ventilation module of the furnace, which allows you to adjust the ventilation rate, thereby selecting the ideal conditions for soaring.

The technical result of the proposed technical solution is to increase the control of ventilation modes, simplifying the operation of the furnace and increasing efficiency.

The technical results of the claimed invention are achieved due to the design of the ventilation module of the furnace, which consists of a channel for the influx of street air and an exhaust channel made isolated from each other or adjacent to at least one wall of the furnace body, and a control valve. The valve-regulator contains a rod equipped with two locking elements, one of which is installed in the exhaust channel and the other in the street air supply channel, and is installed with the possibility of simultaneous opening or closing of both channels through the "movement of one hand".

The ventilation module can be made of any material selected from the group including brick, concrete, metal and others.

The exhaust duct of the ventilation module can be equipped with an additional valve.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the bath with a ventilation module.

In FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the movement of air in additional channels of the furnace in the mode of soaring;

In FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the movement of air in the additional channels of the furnace in heating mode and standby.

The implementation of the invention

The invention relates to air ventilation systems in the steam room 3 of the Russian bath and / or in the house, where the heat source is a heat-accumulating brick furnace of periodic action 1 (see Fig. 1). Also, this invention can be applied to conventional systems with both natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation.

For stoves 1 with a chimney pipe 2, for example, operating on wood, gas, pellets or diesel fuel, as an induction for exhaust ventilation protrudes the chimney pipe 2 heated during the heating of furnace 1 — since the furnace 1, after being melted, is closed by an additional valve (not shown), the chimney pipe 2 is used as an exhaust channel 6.

The ventilation module of the brick furnace, powered by electricity, works by mechanical motivation in the channels of the influx of street air 4 and the exhaust channel 6 (or only in the exhaust channel 6) (see Fig. 1).

The invention is aimed at improving the efficiency and reliability of the management of ventilation modes.

The ventilation module of the sauna furnace 1 can be made of various materials: brick, concrete, metal, etc. The channels for the influx of street air 4 and the exhaust channel 6 of the module, as a rule, are adjacent to one or two walls of the furnace body 1. Heat from the wall of the furnace 1 enhances the efficiency of the module by heating air into the channels for the influx of street air 4 and the exhaust channel 6.

The principle of operation of the ventilation module of the furnace with the chimney pipe is based on the equipment of the intake channels 4 and the exhaust channel 6 with a valve-regulator 5 and an additional furnace valve (not shown), the positions of which provide the necessary ventilation modes.

The valve 5 consists of a frame of at least one locking element and a rod. Two locking elements are attached to the valve-regulator rod 5: one is installed in the channel of the chimney pipe 2, the second - in the channel of the street air inflow 4. Depending on the position of the rod, the valve-regulator 5 simultaneously opens or closes both channels: the chimney pipe 2 and the street inflow air 4. An additional valve of the furnace (not shown) is installed so that the shut-off element overlaps one of two adjacent channels: when the channel of the chimney pipe 2 is locked, the exhaust channel 6 is open. And vice versa, when it is locked in exhaust pipe 6, the pipe channel of the chimney 2 is open.

The principle of operation of the ventilation module of the electric furnace is based on the equipment of the channels for the influx of street air 4 and the exhaust channel 6 with a shutter-regulator 5. It is best that both the supply and exhaust are with mechanical motivation, but it is possible to make a mechanical motive only for exhaust. The valve 5 is designed so that two locking elements are installed on one stem: one is installed in the exhaust channel 6, the second in the channel street air flow 4. Depending on the position of the rod, both channels open or close simultaneously.

The ventilation module operates in three modes:

The mode of heating the furnace;

Standby or energy-saving (when ventilation is not needed, for example, when there are no people in the room);

Steaming mode or operating mode.

Consider the modes of operation in more detail:

The operation of the ventilation module of the furnace in the steam mode is as follows (see Fig. 2), the exhaust channel 6 and the channel for the influx of street air 4 are open.

The operation of the ventilation module of the electric furnace in heating mode and standby mode is the same (see Fig. 3). In this mode, the exhaust channel 6 and the channel for the influx of street air 4 are blocked.

As an implementation option for one of the variants of the claimed invention, we present the calculation of the ventilation module of the furnace. The calculation results are shown in the table (see Appendix).

In the calculation of the ventilation module of the furnace, the methodology is used from the Methodological guidelines "Aerodynamic calculation of the gas-air path of the boiler: guidelines" / Comp. A.N. Khutor, SV. Hone. - Tomsk: Publishing house of Tomsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 2010. - 40 p.

Cold (for example, street) air enters the room from the street, air intake is carried out from below. Air enters the attached sinus (cold quarter) and through the channels in the trenches (holes) enters the upper part of the room. The used air is utilized through the channels in the lower trenches, entering the exhaust duct, which enters the chimney. Instead of a chimney, which is absent in the furnace with electric traction, ventilation ducts with artificial induction (fan) must be used for inflow and exhaust.

The exhaust duct is discharged into the chimney, which allows saving bricks (no need to make a separate duct), the chimney is heated, the draft is stronger than in the attached chimney, the intensity of the hood is regulated; The air exchange is regulated both by inflow and by exhaust using valves that operate in three modes: standby (the stove does not melt, there is no ventilation); heating (the furnace is melting, the chimney and intake are open, the hood is closed); soaring (the chimney is closed, the intake and exhaust are open). The gate valves are designed to regulate the air exchange rate with a “one-handed movement”, since the ventilation valve operates on 2 channels simultaneously. This greatly simplifies the operation of the furnace.

The cold quarter is in the metal frame (bandage) around the perimeter, welded to the same bandage of the furnace body. This greatly increases the reliability and durability of the structure, while ensuring the tightness of the gas tightness of the channels, otherwise the ventilation efficiency would be significantly reduced due to the presence of gaps in the cold quarter.

According to the applicant, the claimed invention is new, since the use of a chimney as an exhaust duct in the ventilation scheme of the room using the ventilation module of the furnace is not known from the prior art.

Adjusting the intensity of ventilation with one valve (with the movement of one hand) is also not known from the prior art. Previously, it was only possible somehow to block a separate exhaust duct at the floor and a separate supply duct in the upper part of the furnace, which, under the conditions of adopting, for example, bathing procedures, is inconvenient and completely impractical.

The purpose of calculating the ventilation module is to determine the coefficient of constant air exchange by exhaust, which must comply with the requirements for air exchange of residential or non-residential premises, in accordance with applicable standards and rules.

The design of the air duct of the ventilation module consists of an inflow channel and an exhaust channel. Motivation is either natural (due to pressure difference) or mechanical. The pressure difference sets the air flow in motion. Along the air path, the flow encounters local resistances, such as diffusers and confusers, as well as turns. The flow rate depends on the cross section of the channel. Air density depends on temperature and humidity. To adjust the ventilation module to the desired level of air exchange, it is necessary to take into account the constant air parameters at the inlet and outlet of the module, they depend on the type of ventilated room (residential or steam room in the bathhouse) and the parameters of the street air. Separate parameters of the air path of the ventilation module of the furnace can be changed to achieve the desired air exchange rate, namely: channel cross-sections, number of turns, diffusers and confusers, the height of the fresh air intake point, the height of the exhaust pipe.

The first stage of calculation includes:

Determination of input parameters for calculation: temperatures (according to the absolute Kelvin scale) and air densities, lengths of supply and exhaust channels, height difference;

Next, the free draft hood of the ventilation module is calculated (it depends only on the difference in temperatures and air densities, as well as on the height difference along the exhaust channel), as well as the anti-draft (also depends on the temperature difference and air densities, as well as on the height difference along the inflow channel).

The resulting thrust (positive difference between free thrust and traction) is used in further calculations. To increase the strength of the resulting draft, you can change the height of the exhaust pipe or the level of fresh air intake.

The second stage of the calculation is the consideration of local resistance, which is carried out as follows:

We determine the number and cross-sections of diffusers and confusers, the number and angles of turns on the inlet and on the exhaust;

According to Shifrinson, we calculate the friction coefficients on the inflow and exhaust, as if there were no local resistances;

For each local resistance, we also calculate the friction coefficients. By varying the cross sections of diffusers and confusers, the steepness of the flow turns, you can change (increase or decrease) the value of local resistances, thus regulating the intensity of ventilation.

We determine the total coefficients of friction on the inflow and exhaust.

The third stage of the calculation is air exchange, in which: We calculate the flow rates at the inflow and exhaust. They must be such as to exclude noise from the operation of the ventilation module (up to 1, 2 m / s) and comply with medical standards (up to 0.5 m / s, otherwise a draft).

By speed and cross-section, we determine the flow rate at the inflow and exhaust.

The air exchange coefficient depends on the volume of the room and the exhaust flow, we are counting.

If the costs of exhaust and supply are not balanced, we determine the source of compensation, if necessary, change the cross-section of the channels of the ventilation duct.

The applied calculation model allows designing the ventilation module of the furnace, which is able to provide constant air exchange coefficient values over a fairly wide range, from 0.3 to 4. Additional adjustment is carried out by a valve.

Among the indisputable advantages of the ventilation module should be attributed to its economical operation (in the case of natural motives - free) and durability, due to the lack of unreliable elements in the design.

Table "Calculation results of the ventilation module of the furnace"

Claims

Claim.

1. The ventilation module of the sauna furnace, consisting of a channel for the influx of street air and an exhaust channel, made isolated from each other or adjacent to at least one wall of the furnace body and the control valve, comprising a rod equipped with two locking elements, one of which installed in the exhaust channel, and the other in the channel of the inflow of street air, and installed with the possibility of simultaneous opening or closing of both channels through the "movement of one hand".

2. The ventilation module according to claim 1, which is made of any material selected from the group including brick, concrete, metal.

3. The ventilation module according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust duct is provided with an additional valve.