WO2018201704A1 - 柔性显示装置及改变柔性显示装置的形状的方法 - Google Patents

柔性显示装置及改变柔性显示装置的形状的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018201704A1
WO2018201704A1 PCT/CN2017/112538 CN2017112538W WO2018201704A1 WO 2018201704 A1 WO2018201704 A1 WO 2018201704A1 CN 2017112538 W CN2017112538 W CN 2017112538W WO 2018201704 A1 WO2018201704 A1 WO 2018201704A1
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Prior art keywords
memory
memory layer
shape
temperature
layer
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PCT/CN2017/112538
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
汪杨鹏
王松
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京东方科技集团股份有限公司
成都京东方光电科技有限公司
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Application filed by 京东方科技集团股份有限公司, 成都京东方光电科技有限公司 filed Critical 京东方科技集团股份有限公司
Priority to US16/062,140 priority Critical patent/US11244582B2/en
Publication of WO2018201704A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018201704A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
    • G09F9/301—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements flexible foldable or roll-able electronic displays, e.g. thin LCD, OLED
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
    • G09F9/33—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being semiconductor devices, e.g. diodes

Definitions

  • the present disclosure belongs to the field of display technologies, and in particular, to a flexible display device and a method of changing the shape of the flexible display device.
  • OLED display devices eg, display screens
  • OLED organic light emitting diode
  • the present disclosure provides a flexible display device including a flexible display panel and a shape memory structure disposed on the flexible display panel.
  • the shape memory structure includes a shape memory component including a first memory layer, a first heat insulating layer, and a second memory layer stacked in a direction away from the flexible display panel, the first memory layer and the second memory
  • the layer has a shape memory function
  • the first memory layer has a first memory shape
  • the second memory layer has a second memory shape, the first memory shape being different from the second memory shape.
  • each of the first memory layer and the second memory layer comprises a material having a one-way shape memory effect.
  • the shape memory structure is configured to: cause the shape memory component to be controlled by controlling a temperature of the first memory layer to be higher than a deformation temperature thereof and controlling a temperature of the second memory layer to be lower than a deformation temperature thereof Forming the shape into the first memory shape; and, by controlling the temperature of the second memory layer to be above its deformation temperature and controlling the temperature of the first memory layer to be below its deformation temperature, such that the shape memory component The shape becomes the second memory shape.
  • each of the first memory layer and the second memory layer comprises an electromechanical shape memory material.
  • the first thermal insulation layer comprises an insulating and thermally insulating material.
  • the shape memory structure is configured to control temperatures of the first memory layer and the second memory layer by controlling current flowing through the first memory layer and the second memory layer.
  • the shape memory structure further includes a first temperature control circuit and a second temperature control circuit configured to respectively control current flowing through the first memory layer and current in the second memory layer
  • the temperature of the first memory layer and the temperature of the second memory layer are separately controlled.
  • the first temperature control circuit includes a first transmission sub-circuit for transmitting power to the first memory layer, and for controlling characteristics of components in the first transmission sub-circuit to control flow through the first A first control subcircuit of the current of the memory layer.
  • the second temperature control circuit includes a second transmission sub-circuit for transmitting power to the second memory layer, and for controlling characteristics of components in the second transmission sub-circuit to control flow through the second A second control subcircuit of the current of the memory layer.
  • the first transmission sub-circuit includes a first variable resistor and a first switch connected in series with the first memory layer;
  • the second transmission sub-circuit includes a second memory layer a second variable resistor and a second switch connected in series.
  • the first control sub-circuit is configured to control a resistance of the first variable resistor and a turn-on and turn-off of the first switch; the second control sub-circuit is configured to control a The resistance of the second variable resistor and the turning on and off of the second switch.
  • the shape memory structure is configured to control a first current flowing through the first memory layer by the first temperature control circuit and controlled by the second temperature control circuit such that no current flow Passing the second memory layer to heat the first memory layer to a temperature higher than its deformation temperature and controlling the temperature of the second memory layer to be lower than its deformation temperature; and, by the first temperature control Circuit control No current flows through the first memory layer, and a second current is controlled by the second temperature control circuit to flow through the second memory layer to heat the second memory layer to a temperature above its deformation temperature and The temperature of the first memory layer is controlled to be lower than its deformation temperature.
  • the shape memory structure is configured to heat the first memory layer by controlling a magnitude of a first current flowing through the first memory layer by the first temperature control circuit, and
  • the second temperature control circuit controls the magnitude of the second current flowing through the second memory layer to heat the second memory layer to control the temperature of the first memory layer and the temperature of the second memory layer.
  • the first current and the second current are currents that are not zero in magnitude.
  • the shape memory structure further includes a second thermal insulation layer disposed between the first memory layer and the flexible display panel.
  • the flexible display panel has a display surface and a back surface opposite the display surface, and the shape memory structure is disposed on a back surface of the flexible display panel.
  • the shape memory structure includes a single shape memory component that covers the entire area of the flexible display panel.
  • the shape memory structure includes a plurality of shape memory components that are respectively disposed in different regions of the flexible display panel.
  • the shape memory structure includes a plurality of pairs of first temperature control circuits and a second temperature control circuit, each pair of the plurality of pairs of first temperature control circuits and second temperature control circuits corresponding to One of a plurality of shape memory components such that the plurality of shape memory components are independently controlled.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of changing a shape of a flexible display device comprising a flexible display panel and a shape memory structure having a shape memory component, the shape memory component being included away from the flexibility a first memory layer, a first heat insulating layer and a second memory layer stacked in this order in the direction of the display panel, the first memory layer and the second memory layer having a shape memory function, and the first memory layer has a first memory a shape, the second memory layer having a second memory shape, the first memory shape being different from the second memory shape, the method comprising:
  • the temperature of the second memory layer is controlled to be lower than its deformation temperature
  • the temperature of the first memory layer is controlled to be lower than its deformation temperature.
  • each of the first memory layer and the second memory layer comprises an electromechanical shape memory material having a unidirectional shape memory effect, the first thermal insulation layer comprising an insulating and thermally insulating material, And controlling the temperature of the first memory layer and the temperature of the second memory layer by controlling current flowing through the first memory layer and the second memory layer.
  • the shape memory structure includes: a first variable resistor and a first switch connected in series with the first memory layer and transmitting power to the first memory layer, and the second A second variable resistor and a second switch in which the memory layers are connected in series and transmit power to the second memory layer.
  • controlling the temperature of the first memory layer and the temperature of the second memory layer controlling the flow through by controlling the resistance of the first resistor and the turning on and off of the first switch The current of the first memory layer is described, and the current flowing through the second memory layer is controlled by controlling the resistance of the second resistor and the turning on and off of the second switch.
  • the first current is controlled by the first temperature control circuit to flow through the first memory layer, and controlled by the second temperature control circuit such that no current flows through the second memory layer,
  • the first memory layer is heated to a temperature above its deformation temperature and the temperature of the second memory layer is controlled to be lower than its deformation temperature.
  • Controlled by the first temperature control circuit such that no current flows through the first memory layer to And controlling, by the second temperature control circuit, the second current to flow through the second memory layer to heat the second memory layer to a temperature higher than a deformation temperature thereof and controlling the temperature of the first memory layer to be lower than Its deformation temperature.
  • the first memory layer is heated and the flow is controlled by the second temperature control circuit by controlling a magnitude of a first current flowing through the first memory layer by the first temperature control circuit Controlling a temperature of the first memory layer and a temperature of the second memory layer by a second current of the second memory layer to heat the second memory layer, the first current and the second The current is a current of a non-zero magnitude.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of fabricating a flexible display device.
  • the method includes: preparing a flexible display panel; and forming a shape memory structure including a shape memory component on the flexible display panel, the shape memory component including a first memory layer sequentially stacked in a direction away from the flexible display panel, An insulating layer and a second memory layer.
  • the temperature is controlled to be lower than the respective deformation temperatures such that the shapes of the first memory layer and the second memory layer 23 are maintained to conform to a predetermined initial shape of the flexible display device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a flexible display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a flexible display device changing between different states according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another flexible display device changing between different states according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another flexible display device changing between different states according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is another flexible display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure in different states Schematic diagram of the transformation.
  • the shape of the flexible display device is variable, but it cannot be restored to a specific shape (for example, an optimum degree of bending).
  • the present disclosure specifically proposes a flexible display device and a method of changing the shape of the flexible display device that substantially obviate one or more of the problems due to the limitations and disadvantages of the related art.
  • shape memory material refers to a material having a permanent shape (also referred to as a memory shape) and a temporary shape (also referred to as a deformed shape).
  • a shape memory material it initially has a fixed shape.
  • the shape memory material is heated to a temperature higher than its deformation temperature under application of external stress, the shape memory material is deformed into a temporary shape depending on external stress. At this time, it is cooled to a temperature lower than its deformation temperature while maintaining external stress, and the shape memory material maintains this temporary shape.
  • the shape memory material can be restored to a fixed shape, for example, from any other shape to a fixed shape.
  • the term “deformation temperature” refers to a temperature which causes a change in the microstructure of a shape memory material such as a molecular network, thereby changing its macroscopic shape, which is an inherent property of the shape memory material, which may be specific depending on the kind of the material Indicates a glass transition temperature, a melting temperature, and the like.
  • the present disclosure provides a flexible display device capable of returning to a predetermined shape after deformation.
  • the flexible display device includes a flexible display panel 1 and a shape memory structure 2 disposed on a part or the whole of the flexible display panel 1.
  • the shape memory function of the shape memory structure 2 can drive a portion of the flexible display panel 1 or The entire area is deformed into a predetermined shape.
  • the predetermined shape may include a first memory shape and a second memory shape of the shape memory structure 2.
  • the flexible display panel 1 is a flexible OLED display panel.
  • the shape memory structure 2 may include a shape memory material having a shape memory function.
  • the shape memory structure 2 includes a shape memory component 20 including a first memory layer 21, a first heat insulating layer 22, and a second memory layer 23 which are sequentially stacked in a direction away from the flexible display panel 1.
  • the projections of the first memory layer 21 and the second memory layer 23 on the flexible display panel 1 overlap.
  • the first memory layer 21 is closer to the flexible display panel 1 than the second memory layer 23, and the two shapes are the same, and are correspondingly disposed on the flexible display panel 1.
  • the setting manner may be a pasting manner, etc., and is not specifically limited herein. .
  • the first memory layer 21 and the second memory layer 23 are composed of a shape memory material, which may be a thermotropic shape memory material or an electromechanical shape memory material.
  • the first memory layer 21 and the second memory layer 23 are comprised of an electromechanical shape memory material.
  • the electromechanical shape memory material may include a polyurethane elastomer, a composite of crystalline polyethylene oxide/carbon nanotubes, a composite of polylactic acid/ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer/carbon nanotubes, and the like. It can be understood that the materials of the first memory layer 21 and the second memory layer 23 may be the same or different, and are not specifically limited herein.
  • the first memory layer 21 has a first memory shape and the second memory layer 23 has a second memory shape.
  • the deformation temperature and the temperature of the first memory layer 21 are controlled to be lower than the deformation temperature to restore the shape to the second memory shape, so that the entire shape memory component 20 and the flexible display panel 1 can be simultaneously deformed.
  • the first memory shape is different from the second memory shape, and therefore, the flexible display device can be restored from any shape to the first memory shape or the second memory shape, so that it has a two-way reversible shape memory function.
  • the first memory layer 21 and the second memory layer 23 can comprise a material having a one-way shape memory effect (eg, a shape memory polymer (SMP) having a one-way shape memory effect).
  • a one-way shape memory material has an initial fixed shape (ie, a memory shape). Therefore, when the one-way shape memory shape is heated to a temperature higher than its deformation temperature without applying external stress, the single The shape memory material can only be restored from the other shape to the one memory shape.
  • the two-way shape memory material can be realized by the one-way shape memory material.
  • a first heat insulating layer 22 is disposed between the first memory layer 21 and the second memory layer 23 to isolate between the first memory layer 21 and the second memory layer 23. Heat transfer to avoid the effects of one of the temperatures on the other.
  • the first heat insulating layer 22 is composed of an insulating heat insulating material in order to avoid mutual influence of currents in the two memory layers.
  • the insulating thermal insulation material may include expanded polystyrene, urethane foam, or the like. It is to be understood that the insulating heat insulating material is not limited thereto as long as it is a material capable of electrically isolating and thermally isolating the first memory layer and the second memory layer.
  • the shape memory structure 2 can include a first temperature control circuit and a second temperature control circuit.
  • the first temperature control circuit controls the temperature of the first memory layer 21, and the second temperature control circuit controls the temperature of the second memory layer 23.
  • the temperature of the first memory layer 21 and the second memory layer 23 are respectively controlled by the first temperature control circuit and the second temperature control circuit, thereby controlling the shape memory structure. 2 Restore to the predetermined shape.
  • the current is controlled by controlling current flowing through the first memory layer and the second memory layer. The temperature of the first memory layer and the second memory layer.
  • the first temperature control circuit includes a first transfer sub-circuit for transmitting power to the first memory layer 21, and a first control sub-circuit for controlling component characteristics in the first transfer sub-circuit, thereby The current flowing through the first memory layer 21 is controlled.
  • the second temperature control circuit includes a second transfer sub-circuit for transmitting power to the second memory layer 23, and a second control sub-circuit for controlling component characteristics in the second transfer sub-circuit, thereby controlling the flow through the second The current of the memory layer 23.
  • the first transfer subcircuit includes a first variable resistor 25 and a first switch 26 connected in series with the first memory layer 21; the second transfer subcircuit includes a second series connected in series with the second memory layer 23.
  • the first control sub-circuit is configured to control the resistance value of the first variable resistor and the on/off of the first switch, and the second control sub-circuit is configured to control the resistance value of the second variable resistor and the conduction of the second switch / Shutdown.
  • the shape memory structure 2 includes a power source and the first transmission sub-circuit and the second transmission sub-circuit transmit power from the power source is shown. It can be understood that the shape memory structure 2 may also not include a power source, and the first transmission sub-circuit and the second transmission sub-circuit may transmit power from the outside to the first memory layer and the second memory layer.
  • the first variable resistor 25 and the first switch 26 are connected in series with the first memory layer 21, and the first switch 26 controls the conduction state of the first sub-circuit (ie, whether or not current flows through the first memory layer 21).
  • the magnitude of the current passing through the first memory layer 21 can be changed by adjusting the magnitude of the resistance of the first variable resistor 25.
  • the temperature of the second memory layer 23 can be controlled by the second variable resistor 27 and the second switch 28.
  • the flexible display panel 1 generates a certain temperature during operation, and the shape memory function of the shape memory structure 2 is related to temperature.
  • a heat insulating layer may be disposed, that is, in the first memory.
  • a second heat insulating layer 24 is disposed between the layer 21 and the flexible display panel 1 to insulate heat transfer between the flexible display panel 1 and the shape memory structure 2.
  • the shape memory material is an electromechanical shape memory material
  • the second heat insulating layer 24 is composed of an insulating heat insulating material.
  • the flexible display panel 1 has a display surface and a back surface opposite to the display surface, and the shape memory structure 2 is disposed on the back surface of the flexible display panel 1.
  • the flexible display panel 1 has a display surface and a back surface, and the shape memory structure 2 can be disposed on the back surface of the flexible display panel 1 to avoid flexible display.
  • the display effect of the device is affected.
  • the shape memory component 20 is disposed in all areas of the flexible display panel 1.
  • the shape memory component 20 is disposed in all areas of the flexible display panel 1 in two cases, one of which is to cover the entire area of the flexible display panel 1 with a shape memory component 20. Therefore, the shape memory structure 2 drives the overall deformation of the flexible display panel 1; the second is that the entire area of the flexible display panel 1 is covered by the plurality of shape memory components 20, and the overall deformation of the flexible display panel 1 can be realized, and the flexible display can also be realized. Partial deformation of the panel 1.
  • the shape memory component 20 can also be disposed only in a partial area of the flexible display panel 1 to only partially deform the flexible display panel 1.
  • the shape memory structure 2 can include a plurality of shape memory components 20 that are respectively disposed in a plurality of different regions of the flexible display panel 1.
  • the plurality of shape memory components 20 can be independently controlled. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, only a portion of the shape memory component 20 therein is restored in shape at the same time.
  • the shape memory structure 2 includes a plurality of pairs of first temperature control circuits and second temperature control circuits, each pair of the plurality of pairs of first temperature control circuits and second temperature control circuits corresponding to a plurality of shape memories One of the components 20 is such that the plurality of shape memory components 20 are independently controlled.
  • the deformation of the different regions of the flexible display panel 1 by the plurality of shape memory components 20 respectively causes the flexible display device to have a plurality of memory shapes.
  • shape memory component 20 can be disposed on the flexible display panel 1, for example, along the axis of symmetry of the flexible display panel 1, and the details are not described herein.
  • first temperature control circuit and the second temperature control circuit can be disposed on the flexible display panel 1 and integrated with the shape memory component 20, or can be separately provided.
  • the flexible display device of the present disclosure includes a flexible display panel and a shape memory structure having a shape memory component by having a first memory layer or a The temperature of the two memory layers reaches the deformation temperature, so that the shape of the shape memory component is restored to the first memory shape or the second memory shape, thereby causing the corresponding region of the flexible display panel to be deformed, thereby enabling the flexible display device to have a two-way shape memory function.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of changing the shape of a flexible display device which can be used in the above-described flexible display device, which enables the flexible display device to return to a predetermined shape after being deformed.
  • the method includes: when the area on which the shape memory component 20 is disposed on the flexible display panel 1 is changed to the first memory shape, the first temperature control circuit heats the first memory layer 21 to a temperature higher than its deformation temperature, and Ensuring that the temperature of the second memory layer 21 is lower than its deformation temperature, deforming the corresponding area of the flexible display panel 1 into the first memory shape; when the area on which the shape memory component 20 is provided on the flexible display panel 1 is changed to the second memory In the shape, the second temperature control circuit heats the second memory layer 23 to a temperature higher than the deformation temperature thereof, and ensures that the temperature of the first memory layer 21 is lower than the deformation temperature thereof, so that the corresponding region of the flexible display panel 1 is deformed into the first Two memory shapes.
  • the first memory layer 21 When the temperature of the first memory layer 21 reaches its deformation temperature, the first memory layer 21 itself generates a shape restoring force restored to the first memory shape, causing it to return from the current shape to the first memory shape, and at the same time, due to the first
  • the memory layer 21 is connected (eg, fixed) to the second memory layer 23 and the flexible display panel 1, so that the second memory layer 23 and the corresponding flexible display panel 1 are partially deformed to the first memory shape, thereby changing the flexible display.
  • the shape of the device is connected (eg, fixed) to the second memory layer 23 and the flexible display panel 1, so that the second memory layer 23 and the corresponding flexible display panel 1 are partially deformed to the first memory shape, thereby changing the flexible display.
  • the shape recovery force of the first memory layer 21 should be greater than that of the second memory layer 23 and The portion of the flexible display panel 1 corresponding thereto fixes the shape of the current shape.
  • the first switch 26 is closed, and the resistance of the first variable resistor 25 is adjusted to pass the first memory.
  • the current of the layer 21 is increased to a preset current value such that the temperature of the first memory layer 21 is equal to or higher than its deformation temperature.
  • the first switch 26 is turned off.
  • the preset current value can be based on the first note
  • the material and actual conditions of the layer 21 are not limited herein.
  • the second memory layer 23 can be prevented from flowing through the second memory layer 23 by controlling the second switch 28 to be turned off by the second control circuit, thereby not heating the second memory layer 23 to ensure the first
  • the temperature of the two memory layers 23 is lower than its deformation temperature (for example, room temperature).
  • the second memory layer 23 can also be heated to a temperature below its deformation temperature by closing the second switch 28 and adjusting the resistance of the second variable resistor 27. By heating the second memory layer 23 to soften it, the second memory layer 23 is more easily deformed by the first memory layer 21. Since the temperature of the heated second memory layer 23 is lower than its deformation temperature, the second memory layer 23 can be prevented from returning to the second memory shape.
  • the second memory layer 23 when the temperature of the second memory layer 23 reaches its deformation temperature and the temperature of the first memory layer 21 is lower than its deformation temperature, the second memory layer 23 also drives the first memory layer 21 and the corresponding flexibility.
  • the display panel 1 is partially deformed to a second memory shape to change the shape of the flexible display device.
  • the second switch 28 is closed, and the resistance of the second variable resistor 27 is adjusted to pass the second memory.
  • the current of the layer 23 is increased to a preset current value such that the temperature of the second memory layer 23 is equal to or higher than its deformation temperature.
  • the second switch 28 is turned off.
  • the preset current value may be set according to the material and actual conditions of the second memory layer 23, and is not limited herein.
  • the first memory layer 21 can be prevented from flowing through the first memory layer 21 by controlling the first switch 26 to be turned off by the first control circuit, thereby not heating the first memory layer 21 to ensure the first
  • the temperature of a memory layer 21 is lower than its deformation temperature (for example, room temperature).
  • the first memory layer 21 can also be heated to a temperature below its deformation temperature by closing the first switch 26 and adjusting the resistance of the first variable resistor 25. By heating the first memory layer 21 to soften it, the first memory layer 21 is more easily deformed by the second memory layer 23. Due to the heating of the first memory layer 21 The temperature is lower than its deformation temperature, so that the first memory layer 21 can be prevented from returning to the first memory shape.
  • the initial shape of the flexible display device may be different from the first memory shape and the second memory shape according to user requirements.
  • the present disclosure particularly provides a method of fabricating the above flexible display device.
  • the method includes: preparing a flexible display panel 1; and forming a shape memory structure 2 including a shape memory component 20 on the flexible display panel 1, the shape memory component 20 including a first memory layer sequentially stacked in a direction away from the flexible display panel 1. 21.
  • the first memory layer 21 and the second memory layer 23 are heated to a temperature higher than the respective deformation temperatures, and in this case, the first memory layer 21 and the first
  • the two memory layers 23 apply an external force such that the shapes of the first memory layer 21 and the second memory layer 23 conform to the initial shape of the flexible display device; then, the first memory layer 21 and the second memory layer 23 are held while maintaining an external force.
  • the temperature is gradually cooled to a temperature lower than the respective deformation temperatures so that the shapes of the first memory layer 21 and the second memory layer 23 are kept in conformity with the initial shape of the flexible display device.

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Abstract

一种柔性显示装置和改变柔性显示装置的形状的方法。柔性显示屏包括柔性显示面板（1）和设置于柔性显示面板（1）上的包括形状记忆组件（20）的形状记忆结构（2），形状记忆组件（20）包括：在远离柔性显示面板（1）的方向上依次堆叠的第一记忆层（21）、第一绝热层（22）和第二记忆层（23），第一记忆层（21）和第二记忆层（23）具有形状记忆功能，且第一记忆层（21）具有第一记忆形状，第二记忆层（23）具有第二记忆形状，第一记忆形状与第二记忆形状不同。形状记忆结构（2）配置为：通过控制第一记忆层（21）的温度和第二记忆层（23）的温度，使得形状记忆组件（20）的形状在第一记忆形状和第二记忆形状之间切换，从而带动柔性显示面板（1）的形状变化。

Description

柔性显示装置及改变柔性显示装置的形状的方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2017年5月4日提交至中国知识产权局的中国专利申请No.2017103083921的优先权，其全部内容以引用的方式合并于此。
技术领域
本公开属于显示技术领域，具体涉及一种柔性显示装置及改变柔性显示装置的形状的方法。
背景技术
柔性有机发光二极管(OLED)显示装置(例如，显示屏)具有可弯曲、折叠的能力，在弯曲后不会破损且仍能正常显示图像，故其在当前市场赢得人气。此外，即使在显示装置在使用时为平坦的情况下，这些显示装置仍可以折叠或卷曲以用于收纳。
发明内容
在一方面，本公开提供一种柔性显示装置，包括柔性显示面板以及设置于所述柔性显示面板上的形状记忆结构。所述形状记忆结构包括形状记忆组件，其包括在远离所述柔性显示面板的方向上依次堆叠的第一记忆层、第一绝热层和第二记忆层，所述第一记忆层和第二记忆层具有形状记忆功能，且所述第一记忆层具有第一记忆形状，所述第二记忆层具有第二记忆形状，所述第一记忆形状与所述第二记忆形状不同。
在一些实施例中，所述第一记忆层和所述第二记忆层中的每一个包括具有单向形状记忆效应的材料。所述形状记忆结构配置为：通过控制所述第一记忆层的温度高于其变形温度并且控制所述第二记忆层的温度低于其变形温度，使得所述形状记忆组件的 形状变为所述第一记忆形状；以及，通过控制所述第二记忆层的温度高于其变形温度并且控制所述第一记忆层的温度低于其变形温度，使得所述形状记忆组件的形状变为所述第二记忆形状。
在一些实施例中，所述第一记忆层和所述第二记忆层中的每一个包括电致形状记忆材料所述第一绝热层包括绝缘且绝热的材料。所述形状记忆结构配置为通过控制流经所述第一记忆层和所述第二记忆层的电流来控制所述第一记忆层和所述第二记忆层的温度。
在一些实施例中，所述形状记忆结构还包括第一温控电路和第二温控电路，其构造为通过分别控制流经所述第一记忆层的电流和所述第二记忆层的电流来分别控制所述第一记忆层的温度和所述第二记忆层的温度。所述第一温控电路包括用于向所述第一记忆层传输电力的第一传输子电路，以及用于控制所述第一传输子电路中的元件的特性从而控制流经所述第一记忆层的电流的第一控制子电路。所述第二温控电路包括用于向所述第二记忆层传输电力的第二传输子电路，以及用于控制所述第二传输子电路中的元件的特性从而控制流经所述第二记忆层的电流的第二控制子电路。
在一些实施例中，所述第一传输子电路包括与所述第一记忆层串联连接的第一可变电阻器和第一开关；所述第二传输子电路包括与所述第二记忆层串联连接的第二可变电阻器和第二开关。
在一些实施例中，所述第一控制子电路构造为控制所述第一可变电阻器的电阻以及所述第一开关的导通和关断；所述第二控制子电路构造为控制所述第二可变电阻器的电阻以及所述第二开关的导通和关断。
在一些实施例中，所述形状记忆结构配置为：通过由所述第一温控电路控制第一电流流经所述第一记忆层、以及由所述第二温控电路控制使得没有电流流经所述第二记忆层，来将所述第一记忆层加热至高于其变形温度的温度并且控制所述第二记忆层的温度低于其变形温度；以及，通过由所述第一温控电路控制使得 没有电流流经所述第一记忆层、以及由所述第二温控电路控制第二电流流经所述第二记忆层，来将所述第二记忆层加热至高于其变形温度的温度并且控制所述第一记忆层的温度低于其变形温度。
在一些实施例中，所述形状记忆结构配置为：通过由所述第一温控电路控制流经所述第一记忆层的第一电流的大小从而加热所述第一记忆层、以及由所述第二温控电路控制流经所述第二记忆层的第二电流的大小从而加热第二记忆层，来控制所述第一记忆层的温度和所述第二记忆层的温度。所述第一电流和所述第二电流是大小不为零的电流。
在一些实施例中，所述形状记忆结构还包括设于所述第一记忆层与所述柔性显示面板之间的第二绝热层。
在一些实施例中，所述柔性显示面板具有显示面和与所述显示面相对的背面，所述形状记忆结构设置于所述柔性显示面板的背面。
在一些实施例中，所述形状记忆结构包括覆盖所述柔性显示面板的全部区域的单个形状记忆组件。
在一些实施例中，所述形状记忆结构包括多个形状记忆组件，其分别设置于所述柔性显示面板的不同区域。
在一些实施例中，所述形状记忆结构包括多对第一温控电路和第二温控电路，所述多对第一温控电路和第二温控电路中的每一对对应于所述多个形状记忆组件之一，以使得所述多个形状记忆组件独立地受控。
在另一方面，本公开提供了一种改变柔性显示装置的形状的方法，所述柔性显示装置包括柔性显示面板和具有形状记忆组件的形状记忆结构，所述形状记忆组件包括在远离所述柔性显示面板的方向上依次堆叠的第一记忆层、第一绝热层和第二记忆层，所述第一记忆层和第二记忆层具有形状记忆功能，且所述第一记忆层具有第一记忆形状，所述第二记忆层具有第二记忆形状，所述第一记忆形状与所述第二记忆形状不同，所述方法包括：
控制所述第一记忆层的温度高于其变形温度并且控制所述第二记忆层的温度低于其变形温度，以使得所述形状记忆组件的形状变为所述第一记忆形状，从而带动所述柔性显示面板的形状改变；
控制所述第二记忆层的温度高于其变形温度并且控制所述第一记忆层的温度低于其变形温度，以使得所述形状记忆组件的形状变为所述第二记忆形状，从而带动所述柔性显示面板的形状改变。
在一些实施例中，当使得所述形状记忆组件的形状改变为第一记忆形状时，控制所述第二记忆层的温度低于其变形温度；
当使得所述形状记忆组件的形状改变为第二记忆形状时，控制所述第一记忆层的温度低于其变形温度。
在一些实施例中，所述第一记忆层和所述第二记忆层中的每一个包括具有单向形状记忆效应的电致形状记忆材料，所述第一绝热层包括绝缘且绝热的材料，并且通过控制流经所述第一记忆层和所述第二记忆层的电流来控制所述第一记忆层的温度和所述第二记忆层的温度。
在一些实施例中，所述形状记忆结构包括：与所述第一记忆层串联连接并且向所述第一记忆层传输电力的第一可变电阻器和第一开关、以及与所述第二记忆层串联连接并且向所述第二记忆层传输电力的第二可变电阻器和第二开关。在控制所述第一记忆层的温度和所述第二记忆层的温度的步骤中，通过控制所述第一电阻器的电阻和所述第一开关的导通和关断来控制流经所述第一记忆层的电流，并且通过控制所述第二电阻器的电阻和所述第二开关的导通和关断来控制流经所述第二记忆层的电流。
在一些实施例中，通过由所述第一温控电路控制第一电流流经所述第一记忆层、以及由所述第二温控电路控制使得没有电流流经所述第二记忆层，来将所述第一记忆层加热至高于其变形温度的温度并且控制所述第二记忆层的温度低于其变形温度。通过由所述第一温控电路控制使得没有电流流经所述第一记忆层、以 及由所述第二温控电路控制第二电流流经所述第二记忆层，来将所述第二记忆层加热至高于其变形温度的温度并且控制所述第一记忆层的温度低于其变形温度。
在一些实施例中，通过由所述第一温控电路控制流经所述第一记忆层的第一电流的大小从而加热所述第一记忆层、以及由所述第二温控电路控制流经所述第二记忆层的第二电流的大小从而加热第二记忆层，来控制所述第一记忆层的温度和所述第二记忆层的温度，所述第一电流和所述第二电流是大小不为零的电流。
在另一方面，本公开提供了一种制造柔性显示装置的方法。该方法包括：制备柔性显示面板；以及在柔性显示面板上形成包括形状记忆组件的形状记忆结构，所述形状记忆组件包括在远离所述柔性显示面板的方向上依次堆叠的第一记忆层、第一绝热层和第二记忆层。在形成所述形状记忆结构的过程中，将所述第一记忆层和所述第二记忆层的温度控制为高于各自变形温度，并对所述第一记忆层和所述第二记忆层施加外力以使得所述第一记忆层和所述第二记忆层的形状符合柔性显示装置的预定初始形状；然后，在保持外力的情况下将所述第一记忆层和所述第二记忆层的温度控制为低于各自的变形温度，以使得所述第一记忆层和所述第二记忆层23的形状保持为符合柔性显示装置的预定初始形状。
附图说明
图1为本公开的实施例的柔性显示装置的结构示意图；
图2为本公开的实施例的一种柔性显示装置在不同状态间变换的结构示意图；
图3为本公开的实施例的另一种柔性显示装置在不同状态间变换的结构示意图；
图4为本公开的实施例的另一种柔性显示装置在不同状态间变换的结构示意图；
图5为本公开的实施例的另一种柔性显示装置在不同状态间 变换的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本领域技术人员更好地理解本公开的技术方案，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本公开作进一步详细描述。
在传统柔性显示装置中，柔性显示装置的形状可变，但是无法自行恢复为特定形状(例如最佳的弯曲程度)。
因此，本公开特别提出了一种柔性显示装置和改变柔性显示装置的形状的方法，其基本避免了由于现有技术的限制和缺点而导致的问题中的一个或多个。
在本文中，术语“形状记忆材料”是指这样的材料，其具有固定形状(permanent shape)(又可称为记忆形状)和暂时形状(又可称为变形形状)。对于一种形状记忆材料，其初始地具有固定形状。当在施加外部应力的情况下将形状记忆材料加热至高于其变形温度的温度，形状记忆材料变形为取决于外部应力的暂时形状。此时，在保持外部应力的情况下将其冷却至低于其变形温度的温度，该形状记忆材料保持这种暂时形状。当在不施加外部应力的情况下将该形状记忆材料加热至高于其变形温度的温度时，该形状记忆材料可恢复到固定形状，例如，从其他任意形状恢复到固定形状。此处，术语“变形温度”是指使得形状记忆材料的诸如分子网络的微观结构发生变化、从而使其宏观形状改变的温度，其是形状记忆材料的一种固有属性，根据材料的种类可具体表示玻璃化温度(glass transition temperature)、熔融温度等。
如图1至图5所示，本公开提供一种柔性显示装置，能够在变形后恢复到预定形状。
该柔性显示装置包括柔性显示面板1和形状记忆结构2，形状记忆结构2设置在柔性显示面板1的部分或者全部区域上，利用形状记忆结构2的形状记忆功能能够带动柔性显示面板1的部分或者全部区域变形成预定形状。所述预定形状可包括形状记忆结构2的第一记忆形状和第二记忆形状。
在一些实施例中，柔性显示面板1为柔性OLED显示面板。形状记忆结构2可包括具有形状记忆功能的形状记忆材料。
具体的，形状记忆结构2包括形状记忆组件20，其包括在远离柔性显示面板1的方向上依次堆叠的第一记忆层21、第一绝热层22和第二记忆层23。
在一些实施例中，第一记忆层21和第二记忆层23在柔性显示面板1上的投影重叠。第一记忆层21相比第二记忆层23更靠近柔性显示面板1，且两者形状相同，对应设置于柔性显示面板1上，设置方式可以为黏贴等方式，在此不做具体不限定。
第一记忆层21和第二记忆层23由形状记忆材料构成，其可以为热致形状记忆材料，也可以为电致形状记忆材料。在一些实施例中，第一记忆层21和第二记忆层23由电致形状记忆材料构成。在一个示例中，电致形状记忆材料可包括聚氨酯弹性体、结晶性聚氧化乙烯/碳纳米管的复合材料、聚乳酸/乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物/碳纳米管的复合材料等。可以理解的是，第一记忆层21和第二记忆层23的材料可以相同，也可以不同，在此不做具体限定。
第一记忆层21具有第一记忆形状，第二记忆层23具有第二记忆形状。通过控制第一记忆层21的温度高于其变形温度并控制第二记忆层23的温度低于其变形温度而使其形状恢复到第一记忆形状、或者控制第二记忆层23的温度高于其变形温度并控制第一记忆层21的温度低于其变形温度而使其形状恢复到第二记忆形状，则可同时带动整个形状记忆组件20以及柔性显示面板1变形。第一记忆形状与第二记忆形状不同，因此，柔性显示装置可以从任意形状恢复到第一记忆形状或者第二记忆形状，故其具有双向可逆形状记忆功能。
在一些实施例中，第一记忆层21和第二记忆层23可包括具有单向形状记忆效应的材料(例如，具有单向形状记忆效应的形状记忆聚合物(SMP))。通常，单向形状记忆材料具有初始的一种固定形状(即，记忆形状)。因此，当在不施加外部应力的情况下将单向形状记忆形状加热至高于其变形温度的温度时，单 向形状记忆材料只能从其他形状恢复为所述一种记忆形状。
在本公开的实施例中，通过记忆形状不同的第一记忆层21和第二记忆层23的配合使用以及对两个记忆层的温度的控制，能够采用单向形状记忆材料实现双向形状记忆功能。
由于形状记忆材料的形状记忆功能与温度有关，故在第一记忆层21与第二记忆层23之间设置第一绝热层22，以隔绝第一记忆层21与第二记忆层23之间的热量传递，避免其中一者的温度对另一者的影响。当形状记忆材料为电致形状记忆材料时，为了避免两记忆层中的电流相互影响，故第一绝热层22由绝缘绝热材料构成。在一个示例中，绝缘绝热材料可包括发泡聚苯乙烯、聚氨酯泡沫塑料等。可以理解的是，所述绝缘绝热材料不限于此，只要是能够将第一记忆层和第二记忆层电隔离和热隔离的材料即可。
形状记忆结构2可包括第一温控电路和第二温控电路。第一温控电路控制第一记忆层21的温度，第二温控电路控制第二记忆层23的温度。
由于形状记忆材料需要在一定温度条件下才能恢复到预定形状，故用第一温控电路和第二温控电路分别控制第一记忆层21和第二记忆层23的温度，从而控制形状记忆结构2恢复到预定形状。
在一些实施例中，当第一记忆层21和第二记忆层23由电致形状记忆材料形成时，通过控制流经所述第一记忆层和所述第二记忆层的电流来控制所述第一记忆层和所述第二记忆层的温度。
这种情况下，第一温控电路包括用于向第一记忆层21传输电力的第一传输子电路，以及第一控制子电路，其用于控制第一传输子电路中的元件特性，从而控制流经第一记忆层21的电流。第二温控电路包括用于向第二记忆层23传输电力的第二传输子电路，以及第二控制子电路，其用于控制第二传输子电路中的元件特性，从而控制流经第二记忆层23的电流。
通过第一传输子电路和第一控制子电路以及第二传输子电路和第二控制子电路分别控制通过第一记忆层21和第二记忆层23 的电流，从而控制第一记忆层21和第二记忆层23的温度。
在一些实施例中，第一传输子电路包括与第一记忆层21串联连接的第一可变电阻25和第一开关26；第二传输子电路包括与第二记忆层23串联连接的第二可变电阻27和第二开关28。第一控制子电路用于控制第一可变电阻的电阻值和第一开关的导通/关断，第二控制子电路用于控制第二可变电阻的电阻值和第二开关的导通/关断。
在图1中，示出了形状记忆结构2包括电源、并且第一传输子电路和第二传输子电路传输来自该电源的电力的情况。可以理解的是，形状记忆结构2也可以不包括电源，第一传输子电路和第二传输子电路可将来自外部的电力传输至第一记忆层和第二记忆层。
如图1所示，第一可变电阻25和第一开关26与第一记忆层21串联，第一开关26控制第一子电路的导通状态(即第一记忆层21中是否有电流通过)，通过调节第一可变电阻25的电阻大小可以改变通过第一记忆层21的电流大小。
可以理解的是，第一子电路中，第一可变电阻25阻值越小，通过第一记忆层21的电流越大，第一记忆层21的温度也就越高。
相似的，可以通过第二可变电阻27和第二开关28控制第二记忆层23的温度。
柔性显示面板1在工作时会产生一定的温度，而形状记忆结构2的形状记忆功能与温度有关，为了避免柔性显示面板1对形状记忆结构2的影响，可设置绝热层，即在第一记忆层21与柔性显示面板1之间设置第二绝热层24，从而隔绝柔性显示面板1与形状记忆结构2之间的热量传递。当形状记忆材料为电致形状记忆材料时，第二绝热层24由绝缘绝热材料构成。
在一些实施例中，柔性显示面板1具有显示面和与显示面相对的背面，形状记忆结构2设置于柔性显示面板1的背面。
通常情况下，柔性显示面板1具有显示面和背面，可将形状记忆结构2设置于柔性显示面板1的背面，从而避免对柔性显示 装置的显示效果造成影响。
在一些实施例中，形状记忆组件20设置于柔性显示面板1的全部区域。
可以理解的是，如图2、图3所示，在柔性显示面板1的全部区域设置形状记忆组件20包括两种情况，其一为用一个形状记忆组件20覆盖柔性显示面板1的全部区域，从而使形状记忆结构2带动柔性显示面板1的整体变形；其二为用多个形状记忆组件20覆盖柔性显示面板1的全部区域，既可以实现柔性显示面板1的整体变形，也可以实现柔性显示面板1的部分变形。
当然，如图4所示，形状记忆组件20也可以只设在柔性显示面板1的部分区域，只带动柔性显示面板1的部分区域变形。
在一些实施例中，如图5所示，形状记忆结构2可包括多个形状记忆组件20，多个形状记忆组件20分别设置于柔性显示面板1的多个不同区域。
在一些实施例中，多个形状记忆组件20可独立地受控。例如，如图3所示，同一时刻仅让其中的部分形状记忆组件20恢复形状。这种情况下，形状记忆结构2包括多对第一温控电路和第二温控电路，所述多对第一温控电路和第二温控电路中的每一对对应于多个形状记忆组件20之一，以使得多个形状记忆组件20独立地受控。
通过多个形状记忆组件20分别带动柔性显示面板1的各不同区域产生形变，从而使柔性显示装置具有多种记忆形状。
可以理解的是，形状记忆组件20在柔性显示面板1上的设置方式还有很多种，例如沿柔性显示面板1的对称轴设置等方式，在此不再赘述。
可以理解的是，第一温控电路和第二温控电路可以设置在柔性显示面板1上并与形状记忆组件20集成在一起，也可以单独地设置。
本公开的柔性显示装置包括柔性显示面板和具有形状记忆组件的形状记忆结构，通过使形状记忆组件中的第一记忆层或者第 二记忆层的温度达到变形温度，使得形状记忆组件的形状恢复到第一记忆形状或者第二记忆形状，从而带动柔性显示面板的对应区域变形，从而使柔性显示装置具有双向形状记忆功能。
如图1至图5所示，本公开提供一种改变柔性显示装置的形状的方法，可用于上述柔性显示装置，能够使柔性显示装置在经过变形后恢复到预定形状。
该方法包括：当要使柔性显示面板1上设有形状记忆组件20的区域改变为第一记忆形状时，第一温控电路加热第一记忆层21，使其温度高于其变形温度，并且确保第二记忆层21的温度低于其变形温度，使柔性显示面板1的相应区域变形为第一记忆形状；当要使柔性显示面板1上设有形状记忆组件20的区域改变为第二记忆形状时，第二温控电路加热第二记忆层23，使其温度高于其变形温度，并且确保第一记忆层21的温度低于其变形温度，使柔性显示面板1的相应区域变形为第二记忆形状。
当第一记忆层21的温度达到其变形温度时，第一记忆层21自身产生了恢复到第一记忆形状的形状恢复力，使其由当前形状恢复到第一记忆形状，同时，由于第一记忆层21与第二记忆层23以及柔性显示面板1连接(例如，固定)，故会带动第二记忆层23和与之对应的柔性显示面板1部分变形至第一记忆形状，从而改变柔性显示装置的形状。
可以理解的是，当第一记忆层21的温度达到其变形温度、并且第二记忆层23的温度低于其变形温度时，第一记忆层21的形状恢复力应大于第二记忆层23以及与之对应的柔性显示面板1部分对当前形状的形状固定力。
具体的，当要使柔性显示面板1上设有形状记忆组件20的区域改变为第一记忆形状时，闭合第一开关26，并调节第一可变电阻25的阻值，使通过第一记忆层21的电流增大到预设电流值，从而使第一记忆层21的温度等于或者高于其变形温度。当柔性显示装置变形至预定形状(其中设有形状记忆组件20的区域具有第一记忆形状)后，断开第一开关26。预设电流值可以根据第一记 忆层21的材料及实际情况设定，在此不做限定。
这种情况下，在一些实施例中，可通过由第二控制电路控制第二开关28断开而使得没有电流流经第二记忆层23，从而不对第二记忆层23进行加热，以确保第二记忆层23的温度低于其变形温度(例如，为室温)。
在一些实施例中，也可通过闭合第二开关28并调节第二可变电阻27的阻值，来将第二记忆层23加热至低于其变形温度的温度。通过对第二记忆层23进行加热使其变软，第二记忆层23更容易被第一记忆层21带动变形。由于加热后的第二记忆层23的温度低于其变形温度，因此可防止第二记忆层23恢复到第二记忆形状。
相似的，当第二记忆层23的温度达到其变形温度、并且第一记忆层21的温度低于其变形温度时，第二记忆层23也会带动第一记忆层21和与之对应的柔性显示面板1部分变形至第二记忆形状，从而改变柔性显示装置的形状。
具体的，当要使柔性显示面板1上设有形状记忆组件20的区域改变为第二记忆形状时，闭合第二开关28，并调节第二可变电阻27的阻值，使通过第二记忆层23的电流增大到预设电流值，从而使第二记忆层23的温度等于或者高于其变形温度。当柔性显示装置变形至预定形状(其中设有形状记忆组件20的区域具有第二记忆形状)后，断开第二开关28。预设电流值可以根据第二记忆层23的材料及实际情况设定，在此不做限定。
这种情况下，在一些实施例中，可通过由第一控制电路控制第一开关26断开而使得没有电流流经第一记忆层21，从而不对第一记忆层21进行加热，以确保第一记忆层21的温度低于其变形温度(例如，为室温)。
在一些实施例中，也可通过闭合第一开关26并调节第一可变电阻25的阻值，来将第一记忆层21加热至低于其变形温度的温度。通过对第一记忆层21进行加热使其变软，第一记忆层21更容易被第二记忆层23带动变形。由于加热后的第一记忆层21的 温度低于其变形温度，因此可防止第一记忆层21恢复到第一记忆形状。
在实践中，根据用户需求，柔性显示装置的初始形状可不同于第一记忆形状和第二记忆形状。因此，本公开特别提供了一种制造上述柔性显示装置的方法。该方法包括：制备柔性显示面板1；以及在柔性显示面板1上形成包括形状记忆组件20的形状记忆结构2，形状记忆组件20包括在远离柔性显示面板1的方向上依次堆叠的第一记忆层21、第一绝热层22和第二记忆层23。其中，在形成形状记忆结构2的过程中，首先，将第一记忆层21和第二记忆层23加热至高于各自变形温度的温度，并在这种情况下，对第一记忆层21和第二记忆层23施加外力，以使得第一记忆层21和第二记忆层23的形状符合柔性显示装置的初始形状；然后，在保持外力的情况下将第一记忆层21和第二记忆层23逐渐冷却至低于各自变形温度的温度，以使得第一记忆层21和第二记忆层23的形状保持为符合柔性显示装置的初始形状。
可以理解的是，以上实施方式仅仅是为了说明本公开的原理而采用的示例性实施方式，然而本公开并不局限于此。对于本领域内的普通技术人员而言，在不脱离本公开的精神和实质的情况下，可以做出各种变型和改进，这些变型和改进也视为本公开的保护范围。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种柔性显示装置，包括：
    柔性显示面板；以及
    设置于所述柔性显示面板上的形状记忆结构，所述形状记忆结构包括形状记忆组件，其包括在远离所述柔性显示面板的方向上依次堆叠的第一记忆层、第一绝热层和第二记忆层，所述第一记忆层和第二记忆层具有形状记忆功能，且所述第一记忆层具有第一记忆形状，所述第二记忆层具有第二记忆形状，所述第一记忆形状与所述第二记忆形状不同。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的柔性显示装置，其中，所述第一记忆层和所述第二记忆层中的每一个包括具有单向形状记忆效应的材料，并且
    其中，所述形状记忆结构配置为：通过控制所述第一记忆层的温度高于其变形温度并且控制所述第二记忆层的温度低于其变形温度，使得所述形状记忆组件的形状变为所述第一记忆形状；以及，通过控制所述第二记忆层的温度高于其变形温度并且控制所述第一记忆层的温度低于其变形温度，使得所述形状记忆组件的形状变为所述第二记忆形状。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的柔性显示装置，其中，所述第一记忆层和所述第二记忆层中的每一个均包括电致形状记忆材料，
    所述第一绝热层包括绝缘且绝热的材料，并且
    所述形状记忆结构配置为通过控制流经所述第一记忆层和所述第二记忆层的电流来控制所述第一记忆层和所述第二记忆层的温度。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的柔性显示装置，其中，所述形状记忆结构还包括第一温控电路和第二温控电路，其构造为通过分别 控制流经所述第一记忆层的电流和所述第二记忆层的电流来分别控制所述第一记忆层的温度和所述第二记忆层的温度，
    所述第一温控电路包括用于向所述第一记忆层传输电力的第一传输子电路，以及用于控制所述第一传输子电路中的元件的特性从而控制流经所述第一记忆层的电流的第一控制子电路；
    所述第二温控电路包括用于向所述第二记忆层传输电力的第二传输子电路，以及用于控制所述第二传输子电路中的元件的特性从而控制流经所述第二记忆层的电流的第二控制子电路。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的柔性显示装置，其中，
    所述第一传输子电路包括与所述第一记忆层串联连接的第一可变电阻器和第一开关，
    所述第二传输子电路包括与所述第二记忆层串联连接的第二可变电阻器和第二开关，
    所述第一控制子电路构造为控制所述第一可变电阻器的电阻以及所述第一开关的导通和关断，
    所述第二控制子电路构造为控制所述第二可变电阻器的电阻以及所述第二开关的导通和关断。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的柔性显示装置，其中，所述形状记忆结构配置为：
    通过由所述第一温控电路控制第一电流流经所述第一记忆层、以及由所述第二温控电路控制使得没有电流流经所述第二记忆层，来将所述第一记忆层加热至高于其变形温度的温度并且控制所述第二记忆层的温度低于其变形温度；以及
    通过由所述第一温控电路控制使得没有电流流经所述第一记忆层、以及由所述第二温控电路控制第二电流流经所述第二记忆层，来将所述第二记忆层加热至高于其变形温度的温度并且控制所述第一记忆层的温度低于其变形温度。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的柔性显示装置，其中，所述形状记忆结构配置为：
    通过由所述第一温控电路控制流经所述第一记忆层的第一电流的大小从而加热所述第一记忆层、以及由所述第二温控电路控制流经所述第二记忆层的第二电流的大小从而加热第二记忆层，来控制所述第一记忆层的温度和所述第二记忆层的温度，所述第一电流和所述第二电流是大小不为零的电流。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的柔性显示装置，其中，
    所述形状记忆组件还包括设于所述第一记忆层与所述柔性显示面板之间的第二绝热层。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的柔性显示装置，其中，
    所述柔性显示面板具有显示面和与所述显示面相对的背面，所述形状记忆结构设置于所述柔性显示面板的背面。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的柔性显示装置，其中，
    所述形状记忆结构包括覆盖所述柔性显示面板的全部区域的单个形状记忆组件。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的柔性显示装置，其中，
    所述形状记忆结构包括多个形状记忆组件，其分别设置于所述柔性显示面板的不同区域。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的柔性显示装置，其中，
    所述形状记忆结构包括多对第一温控电路和第二温控电路，所述多对第一温控电路和第二温控电路中的每一对对应于所述多个形状记忆组件之一，并且构造为通过分别控制流经所述多个形状记忆组件之一的第一记忆层的电流和所述多个形状记忆组件之一的第二记忆层的电流来分别控制所述多个形状记忆组件之一的 第一记忆层的温度和所述多个形状记忆组件之一的第二记忆层的温度，以使得所述多个形状记忆组件独立地受控。
  13. 一种改变柔性显示装置的形状的方法，所述柔性显示装置包括柔性显示面板和具有形状记忆组件的形状记忆结构，所述形状记忆组件包括在远离所述柔性显示面板的方向上依次堆叠的第一记忆层、第一绝热层和第二记忆层，所述第一记忆层和第二记忆层具有形状记忆功能，且所述第一记忆层具有第一记忆形状，所述第二记忆层具有第二记忆形状，所述第一记忆形状与所述第二记忆形状不同，
    所述方法包括：
    控制所述第一记忆层的温度高于其变形温度并且控制所述第二记忆层的温度低于其变形温度，以使得所述形状记忆组件的形状变为所述第一记忆形状，从而带动所述柔性显示面板的形状改变；
    控制所述第二记忆层的温度高于其变形温度并且控制所述第一记忆层的温度低于其变形温度，以使得所述形状记忆组件的形状变为所述第二记忆形状，从而带动所述柔性显示面板的形状改变。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中，所述第一记忆层和所述第二记忆层中的每一个包括具有单向形状记忆效应的电致形状记忆材料，
    所述第一绝热层包括绝缘且绝热的材料，并且
    通过控制流经所述第一记忆层和所述第二记忆层的电流来控制所述第一记忆层的温度和所述第二记忆层的温度。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中，所述形状记忆结构包括：与所述第一记忆层串联连接并且向所述第一记忆层传输电力的第一可变电阻器和第一开关、以及与所述第二记忆层串联连 接并且向所述第二记忆层传输电力的第二可变电阻器和第二开关，并且
    通过控制所述第一电阻器的电阻和所述第一开关的导通和关断来控制流经所述第一记忆层的电流，并且通过控制所述第二电阻器的电阻和所述第二开关的导通和关断来控制流经所述第二记忆层的电流。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中，通过由所述第一温控电路控制第一电流流经所述第一记忆层、以及由所述第二温控电路控制使得没有电流流经所述第二记忆层，来将所述第一记忆层加热至高于其变形温度的温度并且控制所述第二记忆层的温度低于其变形温度；
    通过由所述第一温控电路控制使得没有电流流经所述第一记忆层、以及由所述第二温控电路控制第二电流流经所述第二记忆层，来将所述第二记忆层加热至高于其变形温度的温度并且控制所述第一记忆层的温度低于其变形温度。
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中，通过由所述第一温控电路控制流经所述第一记忆层的第一电流的大小从而加热所述第一记忆层、以及由所述第二温控电路控制流经所述第二记忆层的第二电流的大小从而加热第二记忆层，来控制所述第一记忆层的温度和所述第二记忆层的温度，所述第一电流和所述第二电流是大小不为零的电流。
  18. 一种制造柔性显示装置的方法，包括：
    制备柔性显示面板；以及
    在柔性显示面板上形成包括形状记忆组件的形状记忆结构，所述形状记忆组件包括在远离所述柔性显示面板的方向上依次堆叠的第一记忆层、第一绝热层和第二记忆层，
    其中，在形成所述形状记忆结构的过程中，
    将所述第一记忆层和所述第二记忆层的温度控制为高于各自变形温度，并对所述第一记忆层和所述第二记忆层施加外力以使得所述第一记忆层和所述第二记忆层的形状符合柔性显示装置的预定初始形状，
    然后，在保持外力的情况下将所述第一记忆层和所述第二记忆层的温度控制为低于各自的变形温度，以使得所述第一记忆层和所述第二记忆层的形状保持为符合柔性显示装置的预定初始形状。
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