WO2018201340A1 - 一种在位测量圆环形平面形状误差的方法 - Google Patents

一种在位测量圆环形平面形状误差的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018201340A1
WO2018201340A1 PCT/CN2017/082893 CN2017082893W WO2018201340A1 WO 2018201340 A1 WO2018201340 A1 WO 2018201340A1 CN 2017082893 W CN2017082893 W CN 2017082893W WO 2018201340 A1 WO2018201340 A1 WO 2018201340A1
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Prior art keywords
sensor
rotary indexing
row
shape error
indexing plate
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PCT/CN2017/082893
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙清超
刘鑫
王珏
孙伟
姜英杰
索嘉琪
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大连理工大学
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Application filed by 大连理工大学 filed Critical 大连理工大学
Priority to PCT/CN2017/082893 priority Critical patent/WO2018201340A1/zh
Priority to US16/321,991 priority patent/US20190178642A1/en
Publication of WO2018201340A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018201340A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/0002—Arrangements for supporting, fixing or guiding the measuring instrument or the object to be measured
    • G01B5/0004—Supports
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
    • G01B21/30—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/20—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • G01B5/207—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures using a plurality of fixed, simultaneously operating transducers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/28—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
    • G01B5/285—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces for controlling eveness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/34—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
    • G01B7/345—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces for measuring evenness

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to a flatness error in-position measuring method, and can be widely applied to flatness measurement of a circular ring part of major engineering equipment such as an aeroengine and a centrifugal compressor.
  • the shape error of the assembly interface is very important.
  • the shape error often affects the contact stiffness and assembly accuracy.
  • the shape error of the part needs to be tested.
  • high-pressure, low-pressure turbine shafts in aero engines, high-pressure compressor drums and other parts have a large number of circular planes.
  • These high-precision parts The assembly problem is closely related to the shape error detection, and the workpiece often cannot rotate at random during the assembly process. Therefore, it is very important to perform in-position measurement for the assembly problems of these high-precision parts.
  • the successive two-point method is an important method for measuring the straightness error.
  • the flatness error of the rectangular plane can be obtained, but the processing algorithm can eliminate the unevenness of the sensor probe, but It is impossible to separate the bracket rotation angle error during sensor installation, and it is also difficult to apply to the flatness error detection of a narrow annular plane;
  • the three-point method is an extension of the successive two-point method, and the torus is used as the measurement object detection plane.
  • degree error since the three-point method can separate the initial alignment error, it has higher measurement accuracy, but it cannot be applied to in-position measurement, that is, the sensor is fixed during the measurement process and the workpiece is rotated. Suitable for positional tolerance measurement during assembly.
  • the invention is based on the basic principle of measuring the circular plane by three-point method. Combined with engineering practice, an in-position measurement for the flatness error of the circular plane is proposed. method.
  • the invention relates to a toroidal flatness on-line measuring system, which is applied to a flatness measuring instrument structure of an aeroengine shaft plate and a cone end surface, comprising a posture adjusting part, a rotating part and a measuring part;
  • the posture adjustment section includes a posture adjustment table 5, a posture adjustment motor 4 and an adapter plate 6; the posture adjustment table 5 is used to adjust along the z-axis and x The angle of rotation of the shaft is controlled by the attitude control motor 4, and the attitude adjustment motor 4 is controlled by the controller; the z-axis is an axis perpendicular to the plane of the attitude table 5, and the adjustment angle is 0° ⁇ 360°; The axis is the axis of the vertical alignment motor in the 4-axis direction, and the adjustment angle is -30° ⁇ 30°; the lower surface of the adapter plate 6 is connected to the 5 table of the posture table, and the rotary indexing plate is connected to one side of the upper surface. Base 7 ;
  • the swivel part includes the rotary indexing table base 7 and the rotary indexing table 1; the rotary indexing table base 7
  • the main body is a square frame structure, T-shaped grooves are formed on both sides and the bottom surface, and the T-shaped groove and the adapter plate 6 are connected by bolts and nuts; the gears on the rotary indexing plate 1 and the rotary indexing table base 7
  • the upper gear is engaged;
  • the rotary indexing table base 7 is provided with a wrench on the top surface, and the wrench is forwardly moved to drive the rotary indexing plate 1 to move forward, so that the gear on the rotary indexing plate 1 and the rotary indexing table base 7
  • the upper gear is engaged, the required angle can be manually rotated, and the wrench is pulled back to disengage the rotary indexing plate 1 from the gear on the rotary indexing base 7 and is locked to be fixed;
  • the rotary indexing plate 1 has a minimum rotation angle of 1° and a rotation accuracy of 10 ⁇ .
  • the rotary indexing plate has a T on the table. The groove and the center hole; the rotary indexing plate 1 is positioned by the center hole and the mandrel of the sensor holder 10, and is fixed by the T-slot and the bolt and nut 2, and the other side is passed through the gear and the rotary indexing table base 7 Gear meshing;
  • the measuring part includes a sensor holder 10, a sensor holder 9 and a contact sensor 8; the sensor holder 10
  • a total of four sensor jacks are arranged on the sensor fixture 10, two of which are single-row sensor jacks, the number is three, and the other two are double-row sensor jacks, three in each row. 6
  • the center jack position of each row of sensor jacks is set to 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°, and the sensor jacks on both sides of the center sensor jack are at an angle of 10° to the center.
  • the distance between all the sensor jacks in each row is equal to the center of the circle, and the row and row are not equal.
  • the distance between the sensor jack and the center of the sensor fixture 10 is 100mm ⁇ 300mm.
  • the single-row sensor jack is used to measure the shape error on the centerline of the hole on the flange surface, and the double-row sensor socket is used to measure the shape error on both sides of the hole; a sensor holder is installed in each sensor socket. Used to fix the contact sensor 8; contact sensor 8
  • the measured data is transmitted to the host computer through the RS232 bus, and the Labview program is written in the host computer for data reading and analysis.
  • the measuring instrument Since the in-position measurement is to be performed, that is, the workpiece does not move, the measuring instrument rotates, and at this time, the coaxiality of the measuring instrument and the torus surface has a great influence on the measured value, and the device can achieve the leveling of the coaxiality, so that The reliability of the flat measurement ring flatness is greatly improved.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the invention realizes the application of the three-point method in measuring the plane shape error of the torus surface, and at the same time realizes the improvement of the algorithm for the in-situ measurement of the toroidal plane shape error by the three-point method, which can realize the The in-position measurement of the toroidal plane shape error can greatly reduce the part processing period and reduce the influence of multiple clamping on the accuracy of the part.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of sensor leveling.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of measurement error.
  • a method for measuring the shape error of a circular plane in situ the steps are as follows:
  • Step A At least five contact sensors 8 are mounted on the sensor fixture 10, of which three are contact sensors 8.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
  • A Measuring Device Byusing Mechanical Method (AREA)

Abstract

一种在位测量圆环形平面形状误差的方法，基于一种大型圆环面形状误差在位测量系统实现。在位测量系统包括调姿部分、回转部分和测量部分；调姿部分包括调姿台（5）、调姿台电机（4）和转接板（6）；回转部分包括回转分度盘底座（7）和高精度回转分度盘（1）；测量部分包括传感器夹具（10）、传感器保持架（9）、接触式传感器（8）及其配套设备。测量系统实现了三点法在测量圆环面平面形状误差上的应用，同时实现了对三点法能够实现在位测量圆环面平面形状误差的算法改进，能够实现对圆环面平面形状误差的在位测量，可以大大减小零件加工工期，减小多次装夹对于零件精度的影响。

Description

一种在位测量圆环形平面形状误差的方法
技术领域
本发明属于平面度误差在位测量方法，可广泛应用于如航空发动机、离心压缩机等重大工程装备的圆环形零件的平面度测量。
背景技术
在机械零件进行装配时，装配界面的形状误差非常重要，形状误差往往会影响接触刚度和装配精度，为了精确控制装配体性能，需要测试零件的形状误差。目前，我国的很多重大装备中广泛存在大型圆环形平面，例如航空发动机中的高压、低压涡轮轴，高压压气机盘鼓等零件中就存在着大量的圆环形平面，这些高精密零件的装配问题与形状误差的检测关系十分密切，而在装配过程中工件往往不能随意转动，因而针对这些高精密零件的装配问题，进行在位测量至关重要。
逐次二点法是一种应用于直线度误差测量的重要方法，通过对多列测试数据的处理，可以获得矩形平面的平面度误差，但其处理算法能够消除传感器测头的不平齐误差，却不能分离出传感器安装过程中的支架转角误差，同时也较难应用于狭窄的环形平面的平面度误差检测中；三点法是逐次二点法的延伸，在以圆环面作为测量对象检测平面度误差时，由于三点法可以将初始对准误差分离出来，因而具有较高的测量精度，但其不能应用于在位测量，即在测量过程中传感器固定不动而要使得工件旋转，不适用于在装配过程中的形位公差测量。
本文提出了一种基于三点法的在位测量方法，该方法可以实现装配过程中对大型圆环形平面的平面度误差测量，且可以通过算法有效消除调零误差的影响，具有重要的现实意义。
发明内容
针对航空发动机中具有大型圆环形平面的零件装配问题，本发明基于三点法测量圆环形平面的基本原理，结合工程实践，提出了一种针对圆环形平面平面度误差的在位测量方法。
本方法的技术方案：
一种圆环面平面度在线测量系统，应用于航空发动机轴盘与锥壁端面的平面度测量仪器结构包括调姿部分、回转部分和测量部分；
调姿部分包括调姿台 5 、调姿台电机 4 和转接板 6 ；调姿台 5 用于调节沿 z 轴和 x 轴的回转角度，由调姿台电机 4 控制，调姿台电机 4 由控制器控制； z 轴为垂直于调姿台 5 平面的轴，调整角度为 0°~360° ； x 轴为垂直调姿台电机 4 轴方向的轴，调整角度为 -30°~30° ；转接板 6 的下表面连接在调姿台 5 台面上，其上表面一侧连接有回转分度盘底座 7 ；
回转部分包括回转分度盘底座 7 和分回转分度盘 1 ；回转分度盘底座 7 主体为方体框架结构，两侧表面和底面开有 T 型槽， T 型槽与转接板 6 通过螺栓螺母配合连接；回转分度盘 1 上的齿轮与回转分度盘底座 7 上的齿轮啮合；回转分度盘底座 7 顶面设有扳手，扳手向前扳动，带动回转分度盘 1 向前运动，使回转分度盘 1 上的齿轮与回转分度盘底座 7 上的齿轮啮合，可以手动转动所需角度，扳手向回扳动，使回转分度盘 1 与回转分度盘底座 7 上的齿轮脱离啮合，并卡死以固定；
回转分度盘 1 的最小回转角度为 1° ，回转精度为 10`` ，回转分度盘 1 台面上开有 T 型槽和中心孔；回转分度盘 1 一侧通过中心孔与传感器夹具 10 的心轴定位，通过 T 型槽和螺栓螺母 2 配合固定，另一侧通过齿轮与回转分度盘底座 7 上的齿轮啮合；
测量部分包括传感器夹具 10 、传感器保持架 9 和接触式传感器 8 ；传感器夹具 10 为圆盘结构，在传感器夹具 10 上共布置有 4 组传感器插孔，其中两组为单排传感器插孔，数量为 3 个，另两组为双排传感器插孔，每排 3 个，共 6 个；每排传感器插孔的中心插孔位置设为 0° 、 90° 、 180° 和 270° ，中心传感器插孔两侧的传感器插孔与中心的夹角为 10° ；每排中所有传感器插孔与圆心的距离相等，排与排之间不相等，传感器插孔与传感器夹具 10 的圆心距离为 100mm~300mm ；单排传感器插孔用来测量法兰面上孔中心线上的形状误差，双排传感器插孔用来测量孔径向两侧的形状误差；每个传感器插孔内安装一个传感器保持架 9 用来固定接触式传感器 8 ；接触式传感器 8 测量的数据通过 RS232 总线传输到上位机，在上位机内编写 Labview 程序进行数据读取和分析。
由于要实现在位测量，即工件不动，测量仪器转动，此时测量仪器与圆环面的同轴度对测量值的影响很大，该设备可以实现对同轴度的调平，使得在位测量圆环平面度可靠性大幅提高。
本发明的有益效果：本发明实现了三点法在测量圆环面平面形状误差上的应用，同时实现了对三点法能够实现在位测量圆环面平面形状误差的算法改进，能够实现对圆环面平面形状误差的在位测量，可以大大减小零件加工工期，减小多次装夹对于零件精度的影响。
附图说明
图 1 是本发明的结构示意图。
图 2 是传感器调平示意图。
图 3 是测量误差示意图。
图中： 1 回转分度盘； 2 螺栓螺母； 3T 型螺栓螺母； 4 调姿台电机；
5 调姿台； 6 转接板； 7 回转分度盘底座； 8 接触式传感器； 9 传感器保持架； 10 传感器夹具； 11 扳手。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和技术方案，进一步说明本发明的具体实施方式。
实施例
一种在位测量圆环形平面形状误差的方法，步骤如下：
步骤 A ：传感器夹具 10 上至少 安装五个接触式传感器 8 ，其中，三个接触式传感器 8。

Claims (1)

  1. 一种在位测量圆环形平面形状误差的方法，其特征在于，所述的一种在位测量圆环形平面形状误差的方法用一种圆环面平面度在线测量系统进行在线测量；
    所述的圆环面平面度在线测量系统包括调姿部分、回转部分和测量部分；
    调姿部分包括调姿台 ( 5) 、调姿台电机 ( 4) 和转接板 ( 6) ；调姿台 ( 5) 用于调节沿 z 轴和 x 轴的回转角度，由调姿台电机 ( 4) 控制，调姿台电机 ( 4) 由控制器控制； z 轴为垂直于调姿台 ( 5) 平面的轴，调整角度为 0°~360° ； x 轴为垂直调姿台电机 ( 4) 轴方向的轴，调整角度为 -30°~30° ；转接板 ( 6) 的下表面连接在调姿台 ( 5) 台面上，其上表面一侧连接有回转分度盘底座 ( 7) ；
    回转部分包括回转分度盘底座 ( 7) 和分回转分度盘 ( 1) ；回转分度盘底座 ( 7) 主体为方体框架结构，两侧表面和底面开有 T 型槽， T 型槽与转接板 ( 6) 通过螺栓螺母配合 连接；回转分度盘 ( 1) 上的 齿轮与回转分度盘底座 ( 7) 上的齿轮啮合；回转分度盘底座 ( 7) 顶面设有扳手，扳手向前扳动，带动回转分度盘 ( 1) 向前运动， 使回转分度盘 ( 1) 上的齿轮与回转分度盘底座 ( 7) 上的齿轮啮合，手动转动所需角度，扳手向回扳动，使回转分度盘 ( 1) 与回转分度盘底座 ( 7) 上的齿轮脱离啮合，并卡死以固定；
    回转分度盘 ( 1) 的最小回转角度为 1° ，回转精度为 10`` ，回转分度盘 ( 1) 台面上开有 T 型槽和中心孔；回转分度盘 ( 1) 一侧通过中心孔与传感器夹具 ( 10) 的心轴定位，通过 T 型槽和螺栓螺母 ( 2) 配合固定，另一侧通过齿轮与回转分度盘底座 ( 7) 上的齿轮啮合；
    测量部分包括传感器夹具 ( 10) 、传感器保持架 ( 9) 和接触式传感器 ( 8) ；传感器夹具 ( 10) 为圆盘结构， 在传感器夹具 ( 10) 上共布置有 4 组传感器插孔，其中两组为单排传感器插孔，数量为 3 个，另两组为双排传感器插孔，每排 3 个，共 6 个；每排传感器插孔的中心插孔位置设为 0° 、 90° 、 180° 和 270° ，中心传感器插孔两侧的传感器插孔与中心的夹角为 10° ；每排中所有传感器插孔与圆心的距离相等，排与排之间不相等，传感器插孔与传感器夹具 ( 10) 的 圆心距离为 100mm~300mm ；单排传感器插孔用来测量法兰面上孔中心线上的平面度，双排传感器插孔用来测量孔径向两侧的平面度；每个传感器插孔内安装一个传感器保持架 ( 9) 用来固定接触式传感器 ( 8) ；接触式传感器 ( 8) 测量的数据通过 RS232 总线传输到上位机，在上位机内编写 Labview 程序进行数据读取和分析；
    步骤如下：
    步骤 A ：传感器夹具 ( 10 ) 上至少 安装五个接触式传感器 ( 8 ) ，其中，三个接触式传感器 ( 8 )
PCT/CN2017/082893 2017-05-03 2017-05-03 一种在位测量圆环形平面形状误差的方法 WO2018201340A1 (zh)

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US16/321,991 US20190178642A1 (en) 2017-05-03 2017-05-03 Method for shape error in-situ measurement of toruses

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