WO2018196174A1 - 一种自动变光焊接滤光镜及自动变光焊接面罩 - Google Patents

一种自动变光焊接滤光镜及自动变光焊接面罩 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018196174A1
WO2018196174A1 PCT/CN2017/092793 CN2017092793W WO2018196174A1 WO 2018196174 A1 WO2018196174 A1 WO 2018196174A1 CN 2017092793 W CN2017092793 W CN 2017092793W WO 2018196174 A1 WO2018196174 A1 WO 2018196174A1
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Prior art keywords
polarizer
liquid crystal
angle
automatic dimming
polarizers
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PCT/CN2017/092793
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄上游
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武汉威和光电股份有限公司
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Priority to EP17907119.6A priority Critical patent/EP3617779B1/en
Publication of WO2018196174A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018196174A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/02—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the intensity of light
    • G02B26/023—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the intensity of light comprising movable attenuating elements, e.g. neutral density filters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/04—Eye-masks ; Devices to be worn on the face, not intended for looking through; Eye-pads for sunbathing
    • A61F9/06—Masks, shields or hoods for welders
    • A61F9/061—Masks, shields or hoods for welders with movable shutters, e.g. filter discs; Actuating means therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/04—Eye-masks ; Devices to be worn on the face, not intended for looking through; Eye-pads for sunbathing
    • A61F9/06—Masks, shields or hoods for welders
    • A61F9/065—Masks, shields or hoods for welders use of particular optical filters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/02—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the intensity of light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
    • G02B27/281—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for attenuating light intensity, e.g. comprising rotatable polarising elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G02F1/133531—Polarisers characterised by the arrangement of polariser or analyser axes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
    • G02F1/13471—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells in which all the liquid crystal cells or layers remain transparent, e.g. FLC, ECB, DAP, HAN, TN, STN, SBE-LC cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of electric welding protection, in particular to an automatic dimming welding filter and an automatic dimming welding mask.
  • a welding arc is often generated during metal welding.
  • a welding arc is a gas discharge phenomenon that occurs between an electrode and a weldment. It contains a large amount of high-intensity visible light, infrared rays, and ultraviolet rays. High-intensity visible light, infrared rays, and ultraviolet rays are used. Light radiation can damage the welder's eyes.
  • the luminosity of the visible light in the welding arc is 10,000 times larger than the illuminance of the human eye.
  • the strong visible light will burn the retina and cause retinitis.
  • the welder will feel pain in the eyes, visual film, and center. Dark spots, even temporary blindness, such as long-term repeated effects, vision will gradually decline.
  • the damage of the infrared rays to the eyes is a chronic process. After the lens of the eye absorbs excessive infrared rays for a long time, the elasticity is deteriorated, the adjustment is difficult, and the vision is reduced. In severe cases, the crystal turbidity may be caused and the vision is impaired.
  • the ultraviolet rays are irradiated to the human eye in the welding arc, the cornea and conjunctiva are inflamed, and the "electro-optic ophthalmia" is listed as the second largest occupational disease other than pneumoconiosis. Ultraviolet rays and infrared rays may cause permanent damage to the human eye. hurt.
  • the welding mask is used to help the welder protect the occupational hazards from welding, helping them to protect the eyes and accurately position and efficiently weld during the welding process.
  • the early welding mask was equipped with a piece of black glass on the hand-held protective mask to protect the eyes, but it was necessary to cover the eyes at the moment of arcing. If the welder did not move in time, it would easily burn the eyes and affect the welding quality.
  • an automatic dimming welding mask is provided with an automatic darkening filter (ADF) to achieve an automatic dimming function.
  • ADF automatic darkening filter
  • the ADF can provide the welder with a bright and clear view before starting the arc.
  • the ADF can accurately position the solder joint. Once the arc is started, the welder does not need to manually mask it.
  • the ADF can automatically It quickly darkens, reducing the intensity of visible light, and effectively blocking ultraviolet and infrared rays in the arc to prevent burns on the eyes.
  • the conventional ADF generally includes a liquid crystal panel, upper and lower polarizers fixed on both sides of the liquid crystal panel, and a driving circuit for driving the liquid crystal panel.
  • the upper and lower polarizers are fixed on both sides of the liquid crystal panel by pressure sensitive adhesive, and the driving circuit applies a vertical electric field.
  • the vertical electric field controls the rotation of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer to change the transmittance of the incident external light.
  • Twist Nematic (TN) type liquid crystal film when no voltage is applied to the driving circuit, the light passes through the upper polarizer and becomes polarized light in the vertical direction, and the polarized light passes through the unpowered After the liquid crystal film in the original alignment state is maintained, the polarization direction of the liquid crystal changes from a vertical direction to a horizontal direction due to the optical anisotropy of the liquid crystal and the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules, and the polarized light in the horizontal direction coincides with the transmission axis direction of the lower polarizer. Thus transmitted, it appears as a bright state.
  • TN Twist Nematic
  • the TN type liquid crystal molecules are changed from the twisted arrangement state to the vertical alignment state, and the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light incident through the upper polarizer will not change, resulting in the polarization direction thereof.
  • the direction of the transmission axis of the lower polarizer is vertical and blocked, and the light cannot be transmitted through the lower polarizer, which is dark.
  • the ADF Before the arcing, the ADF is in a bright state, and the welder can prepare for welding through the ADF. When the welding arc occurs, the ADF automatically changes its light from a bright state to a dark state, thereby preventing the welder's eyes from being damaged by optical radiation.
  • the conventional ADF is generally used in a single liquid crystal chip or a plurality of sheets, and a driving voltage is applied to the liquid crystal to adjust the light transmittance of external light incident into the ADF.
  • the driving circuit When the ADF is provided with a liquid crystal film, the driving circuit operates in a high voltage low frequency (20 to 40 V, 0.01 to 1 Hz) state. Although the ADF cost of the single liquid crystal film is low, the viewing angle of the ADF is better when the light transmittance is high, but When the driving voltage is fixed, the transmittance of the ADF is fixed in the dark state, and the transmittance of the ADF in the dark state cannot be adjusted according to the welding environment.
  • the result may be that the transmittance of the ADF is too high, and still is high-intensity visible light, or It may damage the welder's eyes, or the ADF's light transmittance is too low, the field of view is too dark, and the welder cannot see the solder joints, thus affecting the efficiency of the welding work.
  • the driving circuit When the ADF is provided with two or even a plurality of liquid crystal sheets arranged side by side, the driving circuit operates in a low voltage high frequency (2 to 15 V, 40 to 100 Hz) state, although the ADF of the plurality of liquid crystal sheets can partially change the twist state of the liquid crystal molecules.
  • the light transmittance of the light in the dark state is adjusted, and the ADF cost of the multi-liquid crystal sheet is high, the volume and weight of the product are large, and the control is complicated, which is disadvantageous for production.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an automatic dimming welding filter for solving the problem of poor viewing angle characteristics, excessive power consumption, high cost, and single-chip liquid crystal of the existing automatic dimming welding filter.
  • the problem of poor transmittance adjustment of the sheet is not even adjustable.
  • an automatic dimming welding filter includes at least one liquid crystal panel, two polarizers disposed on two sides of the liquid crystal panel, a driving circuit for driving the liquid crystal panel, And an angle adjusting device, wherein at least one of the polarizers is configured as a rotatable movable polarizer for changing an angle between two transmission shafts of the polarizer, the angle being adjusted by the angle adjusting device .
  • the initial position of the movable polarizer is a position perpendicular or parallel to the direction of the transmission axis of the two polarizers, and the rotation angle of the movable polarizer is -5° to 5° based on the initial position. .
  • the initial position of the movable polarizer is a position perpendicular or parallel to the direction of the transmission axis of the two polarizers, and the rotation angle of the movable polarizer is 0° to 5° with reference to the initial position.
  • the automatic dimming welding filter comprises two liquid crystal sheets, the two liquid crystal sheets are arranged in parallel, and a polarizing plate is commonly used in the middle, and a polarizing film and three pieces are respectively arranged on the outer sides of the two liquid crystal sheets.
  • At least one of the polarizers is a rotatable active polarizer.
  • the angle adjustment device includes an angle adjustment knob, and a disc cam coupled to the angle adjustment knob, and an elastic member abutting against a side of the movable polarizer, the elasticity The element is coupled to the other side of the active polarizer.
  • the elastic element is a spring.
  • the auto-light-welding filter has a visible light transmittance ranging from 10 -6 to 10 -1 .
  • the driving voltage of the driving circuit is 20V to 40V.
  • the drive circuit has a driving frequency of 0.01 Hz to 1 Hz.
  • the present invention also provides an automatic dimming welding mask comprising the automatic dimming welding filter according to any of the above.
  • the automatic dimming welding filter and the automatic dimming welding mask of the present invention have the following advantages:
  • the present invention provides at least one polarizer as a rotatable movable polarizer, which can adjust the angle between the transmission axes of the two polarizers, and selects the rotation according to the welding environment such as the welding method and the welding current used. Angle, the active polarizer rotates from 0° to 5°, and the visible light transmittance of the automatic dimming filter can be changed within the range of 10 -6 to 10 -1 , and can be flexibly adjusted to the appropriate shading number, which needs to be changed.
  • the angle of the light transmittance is small, and the adjustable range of the light transmittance is large, and the invention can achieve the viewing angle effect of the two liquid crystal films through a liquid crystal film, and the driving circuit can reduce the cost and the circuit by the high voltage and low frequency working state. Power consumption, while improving the viewing angle response characteristics of the liquid crystal;
  • the automatic welding filter provided by the invention adopts two or more liquid crystal films
  • at least one polarizer is arranged as a movable polarizer with a rotatable angle, and different angles can be adjusted by rotating the angle, and the angle of view is more Well, and the drive circuit works in a high-voltage low-frequency state to reduce costs.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an automatic dimming welding filter according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the first embodiment of the automatic dimming filter of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the second embodiment of the automatic dimming welding filter of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an automatic dimming welding filter of a second preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of an automatic dimming welding mask according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm in the electromagnetic spectrum is defined as the visible light range, that is, the range of light radiation that can be detected by the human eye, the wavelength range of wavelength less than 380 nm is defined as the ultraviolet wavelength band, and the wavelength range of wavelength greater than 780 nm is defined. For the infrared band.
  • the welding protective mask is a mask with suitable filters, used in welding operations To protect the eyes and face.
  • the darkness number of the filter is defined as the light-shielding number N, and the relationship between the light-shielding number N and the visible light transmittance ⁇ v is as shown in the formula (1).
  • the visible light transmittance ie, visible light transmittance
  • Table 1 the visible light transmittance (ie, visible light transmittance) corresponding to the different light-shielding numbers
  • Table 1 shows the visible light transmittance corresponding to different shading numbers
  • the visible light transmittance differs greatly for different shading numbers.
  • the shading number is 3
  • the visible light transmittance is higher, reaching 10 -1 , that is, the light is attenuated to one tenth.
  • the filter has more visible light.
  • the welder's field of view is brighter.
  • the shading number is 13
  • the visible light transmittance is very low, reaching 10 -6 , which is to attenuate the light to one millionth.
  • the piece of visible light is very small, which can hinder the damage of the high-intensity visible light to the welder's eyes.
  • the shading number of the filter after arcing is preferably 9-13.
  • the embodiment provides an automatic dimming welding filter 1 , which includes a liquid crystal panel 11 and two sides disposed on two sides of the liquid crystal panel 11 .
  • a sheet polarizer 13 a voltage applied to drive the driving circuit 15 of the liquid crystal panel 11, and an angle An adjusting device 17, wherein one of the polarizers 13 is provided as a rotatable movable polarizer for changing an angle between the transmission axes of the two polarizers 13, the angle being adjusted by the angle adjusting device 17 adjustment.
  • the liquid crystal cell 11 includes an upper glass substrate 111, a lower glass substrate 113, and a liquid crystal layer 115 provided between the upper glass substrate 111 and the lower glass substrate 113.
  • the number of the liquid crystal cells 11 is one piece and the shape is a rectangle.
  • the number of the liquid crystal cells 11 may be two pieces or other numbers, and the shape is not limited to a rectangle, and may be a circle or other shapes. .
  • the liquid crystal panel 11 provided by the present invention is exemplified by the most common twisted nematic (TN) type liquid crystal panel.
  • the liquid crystal panel 11 may also be Other types of liquid crystal films, such as Vertical Alignment (VA) type liquid crystal chips, In-Plane Switching (IPS) type liquid crystal chips, Fringe Filed Switching (FFS) type liquid crystal films, etc.
  • VA Vertical Alignment
  • IPS In-Plane Switching
  • FFS Fringe Filed Switching
  • the liquid crystal molecules can be controlled to rotate by electrical signals.
  • the polarizer 13 includes a first polarizer 131 and a second polarizer 133 which are disposed in parallel, and the second polarizer 133 is provided as a movable movable polarizer.
  • the shape of the polarizer 13 is preferably rectangular, but is not limited to a rectangle, and cooperates with the shape of the liquid crystal panel 11. When the second polarizer 133 is rotated, the polarizer 13 will be the liquid crystal panel 11. Just cover it completely.
  • the first polarizer 131 is disposed on a surface of the upper glass substrate 111 away from the liquid crystal layer 115, and the first polarizer 131 and the upper glass substrate 111 are fixedly connected by a pressure sensitive adhesive.
  • the first polarizer 131 and the upper glass substrate 111 may be fixed by other means of connection.
  • the second polarizer 133 is disposed in contact with the surface of the lower glass substrate 113 away from the liquid crystal layer 115.
  • the bonding arrangement refers to the surface of the second polarizer 133 and the lower glass substrate 113.
  • the second polarizer 133 is rotatable relative to the first polarizer 133 on the plane in which it is located.
  • the second polarizer 133 is configured as a rotatable movable polarizer for changing an angle between the first polarizer 131 and the second polarizer 133, and the angle is changed. After the change, the light transmittance of the light changes, and the light-shielding number of the automatic light-welding filter 1 in the dark state can be changed.
  • the initial position of the second polarizer 133 is a position perpendicular to the transmission axis of the first polarizer 131 and the transmission axis direction of the second polarizer 133.
  • the initial position of the second polarizer 133 may be a position parallel to the transmission axis direction of the first polarizer 131 and the second polarizer 133 or a position that is not perpendicular, at a specific angle, which is equivalent to Before the second polarizer 133 rotates the angle, the angle between the first polarizer 131 and the second polarizer 133 in the direction of the transmission axis is set in advance, and then the angle is rotated by the second polarizer 133. Further adjust the shading number.
  • the second polarizer 133 rotates forward or reverse at different angles based on the initial position and measures the auto-light-welding filter 1 between 380 nm and 780 nm by using a spectrophotometer measuring an optical density of OD7.
  • the shading numbers corresponding to the different visible light transmittances can be derived from the visible light transmittance, and the results are shown in Table 2.
  • the second polarizer 133 is based on the initial position, and the range of visible light transmittance of the auto-light-welding filter 1 is between -5° and 5°. 10 -6 ⁇ 10 -3 , that is, the high-intensity visible light can be attenuated to one thousandth to one millionth, that is, the light shielding number is between 7 and 13, indicating the automatic change provided by the present invention.
  • the light welding filter 1 has a wider adjustment range and is suitable for most welding environments. It can be selected in different welding environments to prevent the light from being too high or too low to damage the eyes;
  • the second polarizer 133 can adjust the shading numbers 7 to 13 in the dark state regardless of whether the second polarizer 133 is rotated by 0° to 5° in the forward direction or 0° to -5° in the reverse direction, and the second polarizer 133 is illustrated.
  • the unidirectional rotation can achieve the purpose of adjusting the shading number. Therefore, when the second polarizer 133 is used as the movable polarizer, the rotation angle is preferably 0° to 5°; further, the second polarizer 133 is rotated at 0.
  • the rotation angle of the second polarizer 133 is preferably 0° to 3°.
  • the first polarizer 131 is a fixed polarizer
  • the second polarizer 133 is a rotatable movable polarizer.
  • the first polarizer 131 can also be a rotatable activity at the same time.
  • the polarizer, or the first polarizer 131 is a rotatable movable polarizer
  • the second polarizer 133 is a fixed polarizer, and the first polarizer 131 and the second polarizer 133 can be changed.
  • the angle between the optical axes is sufficient.
  • the driving voltage of the driving circuit 15 is 20V-40V (peak-to-peak), the driving frequency is 0.01Hz ⁇ 1Hz, and the working state is high-voltage low-frequency, and the high-voltage low-frequency reduces the power consumption of the circuit compared with the existing low-frequency high-voltage working state.
  • the cost is lower, and the viewing angle response characteristics of the liquid crystal are improved.
  • the angle adjusting device 17 is connected to the polarizer 13 for adjusting an angle between the transmission axes of the first polarizer 131 and the second polarizer 133 . .
  • the angle adjustment device 17 includes an angle adjustment knob 171, a disk cam 173 coupled to the angle adjustment knob 171, and an elastic member 175, the disk cam 173 and the second polarizer 133 The one side abuts, and the elastic member 175 is connected to the other side of the second polarizer 133.
  • the elastic element 175 is preferably a spring.
  • the disc cam 173 is a convex having a radial profile size change and rotating about its axis
  • the wheel is simple and compact in structure and convenient in design. Specifically, a side surface of the second polarizer 133 abuts a side of the disc cam 173 having a smaller cam profile radius, wherein abutting the side of the second polarizer 133 and the disc cam One side of the 173 having a smaller cam profile radius is adjacent to each other.
  • the automatic dimming welding filter 1 is automatically darkened to protect the eyes, and the user controls the angle adjusting device 17 to adjust the light transmission of the first polarizer 131 and the second polarizer 133.
  • the angle between the axes in order to achieve a suitable position, can provide sufficient bright field of view, can see the solder joints, and control the intensity of visible light without harming the eyes.
  • the initial position of the second polarizer 133 is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the first polarizer 131 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 133.
  • the angle adjustment knob 171 is capable of rotating the disc cam 173, and the disc cam 173 is positively pushing the second polarizer 133 to rotate to a proper position based on the initial position.
  • the rotation angle is preferably 0° to 5°, and the elastic member 175 is stretched.
  • the frictional force of the angle adjustment knob 171 is greater than the elastic force of the elastic member 175, and the rotation angle is stable, and the user can perform a welding operation;
  • the user controls the angle adjustment knob 171 to perform reverse rotation, and the angle adjustment knob 171 drives the disc cam 173 to rotate in the opposite direction.
  • the elastic member 175 springs back to the second polarizer 133 by its elastic force.
  • the angle adjusting device 17 can also have other shapes or structures, and can rotate the movable polarizer to a corresponding angle.
  • the automatic light-changing principle of the automatic dimming welding filter 1 using the TN type liquid crystal film in this embodiment is as follows:
  • the driving circuit 15 does not apply a voltage, and the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 115 are parallel to the upper glass substrate 111 and the lower glass substrate 113.
  • the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules is caused by the alignment film anchoring energy and is parallel to the rubbing direction of the alignment film on the upper glass substrate 111 and the lower glass substrate 113, respectively, and the liquid crystal molecules in the middle layer are subjected to chiral molecules from the upper layer.
  • the liquid crystal molecules are sequentially spirally arranged in the direction of the lower liquid crystal molecules.
  • Orientation film friction of TN type liquid crystal cells The difference in direction is 90°, so the angle at which the liquid crystal molecules are spirally arranged is also 90°. Due to the birefringence of the liquid crystal molecules, the liquid crystal molecules arranged in the spiral have an optical rotation effect on the light, so that after passing through the liquid crystal layer, the polarization state of the light is rotated by 90°.
  • the direction of the transmission axis of the first polarizer 131 and the second polarizer 133 is perpendicular to 90°, so the direction of the transmission axis of the first polarizer 131 and the upper liquid crystal molecules
  • the optical axis direction is parallel
  • the transmission axis direction of the second polarizer 133 is parallel to the optical axis direction of the lower liquid crystal molecules
  • the light transmitted through the first polarizer 131 is optically rotated by the liquid crystal layer 115, and the polarization state
  • the rotation is 90°, which is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer 133, thereby transmitting out, and exhibiting a bright state.
  • an arc can be detected by a sensor externally connected to the auto-light-welding filter 1, and the driving circuit 15 is between the upper glass substrate 111 and the lower glass substrate 113. Since a certain voltage is applied, since the TN type liquid crystal cell uses a positive liquid crystal, the liquid crystal molecules tend to be aligned parallel to the electric field direction under the action of the electric field, perpendicular to the upper glass substrate 111 and the lower glass substrate 113.
  • the polarization light wave passing through the first polarizer 131 propagates along the long axis (optical axis) direction of the liquid crystal molecule, the birefringence effect does not occur, and the polarization direction of the liquid crystal molecules does not change, and the first polarizer 131
  • the transmission axis is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the second polarizer 133, and the light is not transmitted through the second polarizer 133, and is in a dark state.
  • the mode in which the auto-light-welding filter 1 is in a bright state is changed to the normally-white mode, and similarly, when the transmission axis of the first polarizer 131 and the second polarizer are When the direction of the transmission axis of 133 is parallel, when no electric field is applied, the light passes through the liquid crystal cell 11 and cannot be transmitted through the second polarizer 13 and appears as a dark state; when an electric field is applied, the light passes through the first The two polarizers 13 are in a bright state.
  • the mode in which the auto-light-welding filter 1 is in a dark state is changed to a normally black mode, and both the normally white mode and the normally black mode are applicable to the present invention.
  • the white mode is beneficial to reduce power consumption.
  • the polarizer is fixed to the outside of the liquid crystal panel by the pressure sensitive adhesive, and when the driving circuit applies a fixed voltage, it is difficult to adjust the light transmittance, and the second polarizer 133 is set to be rotatable according to the present invention.
  • the movable polarizer can adjust the angle of the transmission axis between the first polarizer 131 and the second polarizer 133, and select the rotation angle according to the welding environment such as the welding method and the welding current used. , rotated 0° based on the initial position ⁇ 5° can change the visible light transmittance of the auto-dimmering welding filter 1 and adjust to a suitable shading number, and the invention can achieve the viewing angle effect of two liquid crystal sheets through a liquid crystal sheet.
  • the driving circuit can reduce the cost by the high voltage and low frequency working state.
  • the automatic dimming welding filter provided in this embodiment is different from the automatic dimming welding filter provided in Embodiment 1 only in that the number of the liquid crystal pixels 11 is two.
  • the number of the polarizing plates 13 is three.
  • the two liquid crystal cells 11 are arranged in parallel, and a polarizing plate 13 is commonly disposed in the middle, and a polarizing plate 13 is respectively disposed on the outer sides of the two liquid crystal cells 11, and at least one of the three polarizing plates 13 is a rotatable activity.
  • Polarizer is a rotatable activity.
  • the polarizer 13 includes a first polarizer 131, a second polarizer 133, and a third polarizer 135 disposed in parallel, and a piece of the liquid crystal panel 11 is interposed between the first polarizer 131 and the Between the second polarizers 133, another liquid crystal film 11 is interposed between the second polarizer 133 and the third polarizer 135, wherein the first polarizer 131 and the second polarizer
  • the sheet 133 and the third polarizer 135 have at least one of the polarizers 13 as a rotatable movable polarizer.
  • the operating state of the drive circuit 15 is also a high voltage low frequency.
  • first polarizer 131 and the second polarizer 133 are disposed at a fixed angle, preferably 7 degrees, between the transmission axes, and the third polarizer 135 is set to be rotatable active polarization.
  • the angle between the second polarizer 133 and the third polarizer 135 is adjusted by the third polarizer 135, preferably between 3 and 7 degrees, which greatly increases light transmission.
  • the linearity of the rate adjustment, the viewing angle will also be greatly improved.
  • the automatic welding filter 1 provided by the present invention uses at least two of the liquid crystal sheets 11 when compared with the conventional automatic dimming welding filter which uses two liquid crystal sheets and is driven by a low voltage and high frequency.
  • a piece of the polarizer 13 is set as a rotatable movable polarizer, which not only can flexibly adjust the shading number, but also needs to adjust the angle smaller, the viewing angle is better, and the driving circuit is operated under the high voltage and low frequency, which can effectively reduce the cost.
  • the present invention also provides an automatic dimming welding mask, the automatic dimming welding mask comprising the automatic dimming welding filter 1 fixed by a frame
  • the automatic dimming welding mask can adjust the shading number in the dark state by the automatic dimming welding filter 1 to protect the welder's eyes.

Abstract

一种自动变光焊接滤光镜(1)，包括至少一个液晶片(11)、设于液晶片(11)两侧的两个偏光片(13)、以及驱动液晶片(11)的驱动电路(15)、以及角度调节装置(17)，至少一个偏光片(13)设置为可旋转的活动偏光片，用于改变两个偏光片(13)的透光轴之间的夹角，夹角由角度调节装置(17)调节。自动变光焊接滤光镜将至少一片偏光片设置为可旋转的活动偏光片，可以调节两个偏光片的透光轴之间的夹角，活动偏光片旋转0°~5°，自动变光焊接滤光镜的可见光透光率就可以在10-6～10-1的范围内改变，另外驱动电路以高压低频的工作方式可以降低成本，降低电路的功耗，同时改善液晶的视角响应特征。

Description

一种自动变光焊接滤光镜及自动变光焊接面罩 技术领域
本发明涉及电焊保护技术领域，具体涉及一种自动变光焊接滤光镜以及自动变光焊接面罩。
背景技术
金属焊接过程中常产生焊接电弧，焊接电弧是发生在电极与焊件之间的一种气体放电现象，其含有大量高强度的可见光、红外线和紫外线等射线，高强度可见光、红外线和紫外线带来的光辐射会伤害焊工的眼睛。
焊接电弧中可见光线的光度，比人眼能正常承受的光线光度可大一万倍，这样强烈的可见光，会烧灼视网膜，造成视网膜炎，此时焊工将感觉眼睛疼痛、视觉膜糊、有中心暗点，甚至暂时性失明，如长期反复作用，视力会逐渐减退。
焊接电弧中红外线对眼睛的损伤是一个慢性过程，眼睛晶状体长期吸收过量的红外线后，弹性变差、调节困难、视力减退，严重者会导致晶体状混浊，损害视力。焊接电弧中紫外线照射人眼后，会导致角膜和结膜发炎，产生的“电光性眼炎”，被列为是尘肺病之外的第二大职业病，紫外线和红外线对人的眼睛可能造成永久性伤害。
焊接面罩是用来帮助焊工防护来自焊接的职业危害，帮助其在焊接过程中既能保护眼睛又能准确定位、高效焊接。早期的焊接面罩是在手持式防护面罩上装一块黑玻璃以保护眼睛，但需要在起弧瞬间将眼睛遮蔽，如果焊工动作不及时，容易灼伤眼睛，影响焊接质量。
随着技术进步，自动变光焊接面罩随之出现，自动变光焊接面罩设有自动变光焊接滤光镜(ADF，Auto Darkening Filter)以达到自动变光功能。ADF在起弧前能提供给焊工一个明亮清晰的视野，透过ADF就可以精确定位焊点，一旦起弧后，无需焊工手动进行遮蔽，ADF能自动 迅速变暗，既降低可见光的强度，又能有效阻挡弧光中的紫外线和红外线，防止眼睛被灼伤。
现有的ADF一般包括液晶片、固定设于液晶片两侧的上下偏光片、以及驱动液晶片的驱动电路，上下偏光片通过压敏胶固定于液晶片的两侧，驱动电路施加垂直电场，由垂直电场控制液晶层内的液晶分子旋转，以改变入射进来的外界光的透过率。
以最普遍的扭曲向列相(Twist Nematic,TN)型液晶片为例，驱动电路不施加电压时，光线通过上偏光片后，变成了垂直方向的偏振光，该偏振光经过未加电而保持原排列状态的液晶片后，由于液晶的光学各向异性和液晶分子的排列，导致偏振方向由垂直的转变为水平方向，水平方向的偏振光与下偏光片的透光轴方向一致，从而透射出去，表现为亮态。
驱动电路施加一定的电压给液晶片时，TN型液晶分子由扭曲排列状态改变为垂直排列状态，此时经上偏光片入射的线性偏振光的偏振方向将不发生转变，导致其偏振光方向与下偏光片的透光轴方向相垂直而被遮挡，光线无法透射出下偏光片，表现为暗态。
起弧前ADF为亮态，焊工能够透过ADF进行焊接准备工作，焊接电弧发生时ADF自动变光由亮态转为暗态，从而防止焊工的眼睛受到光辐射损害。
现有的ADF一般以单片液晶片或多片叠加使用，在液晶上施加驱动电压以调整入射进ADF的外界光的透光率。
当ADF设有一片液晶片时，驱动电路以高压低频(20～40V，0.01～1Hz)的状态工作，虽然单液晶片的ADF成本低，在透光率较高时ADF的视角比较好，但是驱动电压固定，则暗态时ADF的透光率固定，不能根据焊接环境对暗态时ADF的透光率进行相应调整，结果可能是ADF的透光率过高，仍然是高强度可见光，还是可能伤害焊工的眼睛，或者是ADF的透光率过低，视野过暗，焊工看不清焊点，以致影响焊接工作的效率。
目前也有单片液晶用电路来调节透光率，但是视角特性很差，调节 透过率较小(最低透过率过大)，基本不能满足各国标准对焊接防护的要求。
当ADF设有两片甚至多片并列设置的液晶片时，驱动电路以低压高频(2～15V，40～100Hz)的状态工作，虽然多液晶片的ADF可以通过部分改变液晶分子的扭曲状态调节暗态时光线的透光率，而且这种多液晶片的ADF成本高，产品体积重量大，控制复杂，不利于生产。
故急需开发出一种新的自动变光焊接滤光镜以解决上述问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种自动变光焊接滤光镜，用于解决现有的自动变光焊接滤光镜存在的可视角度特性不良、功耗过高、成本较大、以及单片液晶片透光率调节效果不好甚至不能调节的问题。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种自动变光焊接滤光镜包括至少一个液晶片、设于所述液晶片两侧的两个偏光片、驱动所述液晶片的驱动电路、以及角度调节装置，至少一个所述偏光片设置为可旋转的活动偏光片，用于改变两个所述偏光片的透光轴之间的夹角，所述夹角由所述角度调节装置调节。
优选地，所述活动偏光片的初始位置是所述两个偏光片的透光轴方向相垂直或者平行的位置，以初始位置为基准所述活动偏光片的旋转角度为-5°～5°。
优选地，所述活动偏光片的初始位置是所述两个偏光片的透光轴方向相垂直或者平行的位置，以初始位置为基准所述活动偏光片的旋转角度为0°～5°。
优选地，所述自动变光焊接滤光镜包括两个液晶片，所述两个液晶片平行设置，中间公用一片偏光片，所述两个液晶片的外侧分别设有一片偏光片，三片所述偏光片中的至少一片为可旋转的活动偏光片。
优选地，所述角度调节装置包括角度调节旋钮、以及与所述角度调节旋钮连接的盘形凸轮、以及弹性元件，所述盘形凸轮与所述活动偏光片的一侧抵靠，所述弹性元件与所述活动偏光片的另一侧相连接。
优选地，所述弹性元件为弹簧。
优选地，所述自动变光焊接滤光镜的可见光透过率的范围为10-6～10-1。
优选地，所述驱动电路的驱动电压为20V～40V。
优选地，所述驱动电路的驱动频率为0.01Hz～1Hz。
本发明还提供一种自动变光焊接面罩，所述自动变光焊接面罩包括如上述任一项所述的自动变光焊接滤光镜。
相比于现有技术，本发明所述的自动变光焊接滤光镜以及自动变光焊接面罩具有以下优势：
一、本发明将至少一片偏光片设置为可旋转的活动偏光片，可以调节两个偏光片的透光轴之间的夹角，根据焊接环境诸如焊接方法、以及所使用的焊接电流等选择旋转角度，活动偏光片旋转0°～5°，自动变光焊接滤光镜的可见光透光率就可以在10-6～10-1的范围内改变，并灵活调节至合适的遮光号，需要改变的角度小，而透光率的可调范围大，而且本发明通过一片液晶片就可以达到两片液晶片才能达到的视角效果，同时驱动电路以高压低频的工作状态可以降低成本，降低电路的功耗，同时改善液晶的视角响应特征；
二、本发明提供的自动焊接滤光镜采用两片或者多片液晶片时，设置至少一片偏光片为可旋转角度的活动偏光片，旋转更小的角度就可以调节不同的遮光号，视角更好，而且驱动电路以高压低频的状态工作更加降低成本。
附图说明
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本发明的限制。在附图中：
图1示出了本发明第一种优选实施方式的自动变光焊接滤光镜的结构示意图；
图2示出了图1中自动变光焊接滤光镜的截面示意图一；
图3示出了图1中自动变光焊接滤光镜的截面示意图二；
图4示出了本发明第二种优选实施方式的自动变光焊接滤光镜的截面示意图；
图5示出了本发明提供的一种优选实施方式的自动变光焊接面罩的结构示意图。
附图说明
1-自动变光焊接滤光镜，    11-液晶片，
111-上层玻璃基板，        113-下层玻璃基板，
115-液晶层，              13-偏光片，
131-第一偏光片，          133-第二偏光片，
135-第三偏光片，          15-驱动电路，
17-角度调节装置，         171-角度调节旋钮，
173-盘形凸轮，            175-弹性元件。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了许多可应用的创造性概念，该创造性概念可大量的体现于具体的上下文中。在下述本发明的实施方式中描述的具体的实施例仅作为本发明的具体实施方式的示例性说明，而不构成对本发明范围的限制。
下面结合附图和具体的实施方式对本发明作进一步的描述。
首先对本发明涉及到的名词进行解释：
电磁光谱中380纳米至780纳米的波长段被定义为可见光段，即人眼可以检测到的光辐射范围，波长小于380纳米的波长段被定义为紫外线波段，波长大于780纳米的波长段被定义为红外线波段。
焊接行业中，根据国家行业标准GB/T 3609.1-2008《职业眼面部防护焊接防护第一部分：焊接防护具》中规定，焊接工防护面罩为配有合适滤光片的面罩，在焊接作业时用以保护眼睛和面部。
对于滤光片的暗度编号，定义为遮光号N，遮光号N和可见光透射比τv的关系式如式(1)所示。
Figure PCTCN2017092793-appb-000001
由式(1)可推算出不同遮光号对应的可见光透射比(即可见光透光率)，如表1所示。
表1不同的遮光号对应的可见光透射比
Figure PCTCN2017092793-appb-000002
从表1可以看出，对于不同的遮光号，可见光透射比差别很大，比如遮光号为3时，可见光透过率较高，达到10-1，即将光线衰减为十分之一，说明透过滤光片的可见光多，此时焊工的视野较明亮；比如遮光号为13时，可见光透过率很低，达到10-6，即将光线衰减为百万分之一，说明透过滤光片的可见光很少，此时能够阻碍高强度可见光对焊工眼睛的伤害。焊接工业中，根据不同的焊接环境，起弧后滤光片的遮光号以9～13为宜。实施例1
如图1及图2所示，本实施例提供一种自动变光焊接滤光镜1，所述自动变光焊接滤光镜1包括液晶片11、设于所述液晶片11两侧的两片偏光片13、施加电压以驱动所述液晶片11的驱动电路15、以及角度 调节装置17，其中一片所述偏光片13设置为可旋转的活动偏光片，用于改变两个所述偏光片13的透光轴之间的夹角，所述夹角由所述角度调节装置17调节。
所述液晶片11包括上层玻璃基板111、下层玻璃基板113、以及设于所述上层玻璃基板111和所述下层玻璃基板113之间的液晶层115。在本实施例中，所述液晶片11的数量为一片，形状为矩形，当然，所述液晶片11的数量可以为两片或者其他数量，形状也不限于矩形，可以为圆形或者其他形状。
液晶片的类型很多，本发明提供的所述液晶片11仅以最普遍的扭曲向列相(Twist Nematic,TN)型液晶片为例，在其他实施例中，所述液晶片11还可以为其他类型的液晶片，比如垂直取向(Vertical Alignment,VA)型液晶片、面内转换(In-Plane Switching,IPS)型液晶片、边缘场转换(Fringe Filed Switching,FFS)型液晶片等，只要可以通过电信号控制液晶分子旋转即可。
所述偏光片13包括平行间隔设置的第一偏光片131和第二偏光片133，所述第二偏光片133设置为可旋转的活动偏光片。所述偏光片13的形状优选为矩形，但也不限于矩形，与所述液晶片11的形状相配合，在所述第二偏光片133旋转时，所述偏光片13将所述液晶片11完全遮住即可。
所述第一偏光片131设于所述上层玻璃基板111远离所述液晶层115的表面，且所述第一偏光片131和所述上层玻璃基板111通过压敏胶固定连接，当然，也可以通过其他方式连接，只要将所述第一偏光片131和所述上层玻璃基板111固定即可。
所述第二偏光片133与所述下层玻璃基板113远离所述液晶层115的表面贴合设置，所述贴合设置是指所述第二偏光片133的表面和所述下层玻璃基板113的表面相贴近，所述第二偏光片133可以在其所在的平面上相对于所述第一偏光片133旋转。
所述第二偏光片133设置为可旋转的活动偏光片，用于改变所述第一偏光片131和所述第二偏光片133的透光轴之间的夹角，所述夹角改 变之后，光线的透光率发生变化，进而可以改变所述自动变光焊接滤光镜1在暗态时的遮光号。
所述第二偏光片133的初始位置是所述第一偏光片131的透光轴和所述第二偏光片133的透光轴方向垂直的位置。当然，所述第二偏光片133的初始位置也可以是所述第一偏光片131和所述第二偏光片133的透光轴方向平行的位置或者不垂直的位置，呈特定角度，相当于在所述第二偏光片133旋转角度之前，预先设定所述第一偏光片131和所述第二偏光片133的透光轴方向的夹角，再通过所述第二偏光片133旋转角度进一步调整遮光号。
所述第二偏光片133以初始位置为基准正向旋转或反向旋转不同的角度并采用测量光密度达OD7的分光光度计测量所述自动变光焊接滤光镜1在380nm～780nm间的可见光透光率，再根据式(1)可推算出不同可见光透光率对应的遮光号，结果如表2所示。
表2不同的旋转角度对应的遮光号
旋转角度 可见光透射率 遮光号
-5° 0.1330％ 7.708
-4° 0.0450％ 8.792
-3° 0.0240％ 9.787
-2° 0.0070％ 10.648
-1° 0.0032％ 11.488
-0.5° 0.0011％ 12.571
0° 0.0005％ 13.402
0.5° 0.0016％ 12.190
1° 0.0037％ 11.341
2° 0.0055％ 10.939
3° 0.0200％ 9.595
4° 0.0600％ 8.516
5° 0.1250％ 7.771
从表2可以看出，所述第二偏光片133以初始位置为基准，旋转角 度在-5°～5°之间时，所述自动变光焊接滤光镜1的可见光透光率的范围为10-6～10-3，也就是说，可将高强度可见光衰减为千分之一到百万分之一，即遮光号在7～13之间，说明本发明提供的所述自动变光焊接滤光镜1的调节范围更加广泛，适用于多数焊接环境，可以在不同的焊接环境下选择合适的遮光号，以防透光率过高或者过低伤害眼睛；
而且所述第二偏光片133无论是正向旋转0°～5°还是反向旋转0°～-5°，均可以进行暗态时遮光号7～13的调节，说明所述第二偏光片133单向旋转就可以达到调节遮光号的目的，所以所述第二偏光片133作为活动偏光片时，旋转角度优选为0°～5°；进一步地，所述第二偏光片133旋转角度在0°～3°之间时，尤其在0°～1°之间，每旋转0.5°遮光号就减小一号，说明旋转角度很小，遮光号的改变幅度就很大，调节效果更好，因此所述第二偏光片133的旋转角度优选为0°～3°。
在本实施例中，所述第一偏光片131为固定偏光片，所述第二偏光片133为可旋转的活动偏光片，当然，所述第一偏光片131也可以同时是可旋转的活动偏光片，或者所述第一偏光片131是可旋转的活动偏光片，所述第二偏光片133为固定偏光片，能够改变所述第一偏光片131和所述第二偏光片133的透光轴之间的夹角即可。
所述驱动电路15的驱动电压为20V～40V(峰峰值)，驱动频率为0.01Hz～1Hz，其工作状态为高压低频，高压低频相较于现有低频高压的工作状态，降低电路的功耗，成本更低，同时改善液晶的视角响应特征。
进一步地，如图1所示，所述角度调节装置17与所述偏光片13连接，用于调节所述第一偏光片131和所述第二偏光片133的透光轴之间的夹角。
示例性地，所述角度调节装置17包括角度调节旋钮171、与所述角度调节旋钮171连接的盘形凸轮173、以及弹性元件175，所述盘形凸轮173与所述第二偏光片133的一侧抵靠，所述弹性元件175与所述第二偏光片133的另一侧相连接。所述弹性元件175优选为弹簧。
所述盘形凸轮173是具有径向廓线尺寸变化并绕其轴线旋转的凸 轮，结构简单紧凑、设计方便。具体的，所述第二偏光片133的侧面与所述盘形凸轮173的凸轮轮廓半径较小的一侧抵靠，其中抵靠指所述第二偏光片133的侧面与所述盘形凸轮173的凸轮轮廓半径较小的一侧面相贴靠近。
焊接起弧后，所述自动变光焊接滤光镜1自动变暗以保护眼睛，用户通过控制所述角度调节装置17调节所述第一偏光片131和所述第二偏光片133的透光轴之间的夹角，以达到合适的位置，既能够提供足够的明亮视野，可以看清焊点，又能控制可见光的强度，不致伤害眼睛。
所述第二偏光片133的初始位置为所述第一偏光片131的透光轴和所述第二偏光片133的透光轴垂直，用户使用所述角度调节装置17时，用户控制所述角度调节旋钮171进行正向转动，所述角度调节旋钮171能够带动所述盘形凸轮173转动，所述盘形凸轮173正向推动所述第二偏光片133以初始位置为基准旋转到合适位置，旋转角度优选为0°～5°，同时拉伸所述弹性元件175，所述角度调节旋钮171的摩擦力大于所述弹性元件175的弹力，所述旋转角度稳定，用户可以进行焊接操作；
根据焊接环境的不同，用户需要恢复所述第二偏光片133的位置时，用户控制所述角度调节旋钮171进行反向转动，所述角度调节旋钮171带动所述盘形凸轮173反方向转动，所述弹性元件175利用其弹力弹回所述第二偏光片133。
当然，所述角度调节装置17还可以为其他形状或者结构，能够将活动偏光片旋转至相应角度即可。本实施例采用TN型液晶片的自动变光焊接滤光镜1的自动变光原理为：
如图2所示，起弧前，用户不进行焊接操作时，所述驱动电路15不施加电压，所述液晶层115内的液晶分子平行于所述上层玻璃基板111和所述下层玻璃基板113，液晶分子长轴方向受配向膜锚定能作用而分别与所述上层玻璃基板111、所述下层玻璃基板113上配向膜的摩擦方向平行，中间各层液晶分子受手性分子作用而从上层液晶分子方向依次螺旋排列至下层液晶分子方向。通常TN型液晶单元的配向膜摩擦 方向差为90°，因此液晶分子螺旋排列的角度也为90°。由于液晶分子存在双折射，螺旋排列的液晶分子对光线存在旋光效应，故穿过液晶层后，光线偏振态旋转90°。在本实施例中，所述第一偏光片131和所述第二偏光片133的透光轴方向相垂直，呈90°，所以所述第一偏光片131的透光轴方向和上层液晶分子的光轴方向平行，所述第二偏光片133的透光轴方向和下层液晶分子的光轴方向平行，透过所述第一偏光片131的光线经所述液晶层115旋光后，偏振态旋转90°，正好与所述第二偏光片133的透光轴平行，从而透射出去，表现为亮态。
如图3所示，起弧后，电弧可以被所述自动变光焊接滤光镜1外接的传感器检测到，所述驱动电路15在所述上层玻璃基板111和所述下层玻璃基板113之间施加一定的电压，由于TN型液晶片使用正性液晶，故液晶分子在电场作用下，其长轴方向倾向平行于电场方向排列，垂直于所述上层玻璃基板111和所述下层玻璃基板113。此时，由于穿过所述第一偏光片131的偏振态光波沿着液晶分子长轴(光轴)方向传播，不发生双折射效应，液晶分子偏振方向不变，所述第一偏光片131的透光轴与所述第二偏光片133的透光轴垂直，光线无法透射出所述第二偏光片133，表现为暗态。
这种施加电压为0时所述自动变光焊接滤光镜1为亮态的模式被成为常白模式，同理，当所述第一偏光片131的透光轴和所述第二偏光片133的透光轴方向平行时，在不加电场时，光线经过所述液晶片11后无法透射出所述第二偏光片13，表现为暗态；当施加电场时，光线透出所述第二偏光片13，表现为亮态，这种电场为0时所述自动变光焊接滤光镜1为暗态的模式被成为常黑模式，常白模式和常黑模式均适用于本发明，不过常白模式有利于降低功耗。
相较于传统的滤光镜将偏光片通过压敏胶固定于液晶片的外侧，驱动电路施加固定电压时，难以调节光线透光率，本发明将所述第二偏光片133设置为可旋转的活动偏光片，可以调节所述第一偏光片131和所述第二偏光片133之间的透光轴的夹角，根据焊接环境诸如焊接方法、以及所使用的焊接电流等，选择旋转角度，以初始位置为基准旋转0° ～5°就可以改变所述自动变光焊接滤光镜1的可见光透光率，进而调节到合适的遮光号，而且本发明通过一片液晶片就可以达到两片液晶片才能达到的视角效果，同时驱动电路以高压低频的工作状态可以降低成本。
实施例2
如图4所示，本实施例提供的自动变光焊接滤光镜与实施例1提供的自动变光焊接滤光镜的不同之处仅在于：所述液晶片11的数量为两片，所述偏光片13的数量为三片。
所述两个液晶片11平行设置，中间公用一片偏光片13，所述两个液晶片11的外侧分别设有一片偏光片13，三片所述偏光片13中的至少一片为可旋转的活动偏光片。
具体的，所述偏光片13包括平行间隔设置的第一偏光片131、第二偏光片133以及第三偏光片135，一片所述液晶片11夹设于所述第一偏光片131与所述第二偏光片133之间，另一片所述液晶片11夹设于所述第二偏光片133和所述第三偏光片135之间，其中所述第一偏光片131、所述第二偏光片133以及所述第三偏光片135，至少有一片所述偏光片13为可旋转的活动偏光片。由于存在两片所述液晶片11和三片所述偏光片13，可旋转的活动偏光片越多，调节方式越灵活，所需调节的角度越小。所述驱动电路15的工作状态同样为高压低频。
进一步地，所述第一偏光片131和第二偏光片133的位置设置为透光轴之间的夹角呈固定角度，优选7度，所述第三偏光片135设为可旋转的活动偏光片，通过所述第三偏光片135调节所述第二偏光片133和所述第三偏光片135之间的透光轴的夹角，优选3-7度之间，则会大大增加透光率调整时的线性度，视角亦会大大改善。
与现有采用两片液晶片、驱动方式为低压高频的自动变光焊接滤光镜相比，本发明提供的所述自动焊接滤光镜1在采用两片所述液晶片11时，至少设置一片所述偏光片13为可旋转的活动偏光片，不仅能够灵活调节遮光号，而且需要调节的角度更小，视角更好，同时驱动电路以高压低频为工作状态，可以有效降低成本。
如图5所示，本发明还提供一种自动变光焊接面罩，所述自动变光焊接面罩包括所述自动变光焊接滤光镜1，所述自动变光焊接滤光镜1通过框架固定于所述自动变光焊接面罩上，所述自动变光焊接面罩利用所述自动变光焊接滤光镜1能够调节暗态时的遮光号，保护焊工眼睛。
应该注意的是，上述实施例对本发明进行说明而不是对本发明进行限制，并且本领域技术人员在不脱离所附权利要求的范围的情况下可设计出替换实施例。在权利要求中，不应将位于括号之间的任何参考符号构造成对权利要求的限制。单词“包含”不排除存在未列在权利要求中的元件或步骤。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种自动变光焊接滤光镜(1)，其特征在于，其包括至少一个液晶片(11)、设于所述液晶片(11)两侧的两个偏光片(13)、驱动所述液晶片(11)的驱动电路(15)、以及角度调节装置(17)，至少一个所述偏光片(13)设置为可旋转的活动偏光片，用于改变两个所述偏光片(13)的透光轴之间的夹角，所述夹角由所述角度调节装置(17)调节。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的自动变光焊接滤光镜，其特征在于，所述活动偏光片的初始位置是所述两个偏光片(13)的透光轴方向相垂直或者平行的位置，以初始位置为基准所述活动偏光片的旋转角度为-5°～5°。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的自动变光焊接滤光镜，其特征在于，所述活动偏光片的初始位置是所述两个偏光片(13)的透光轴方向相垂直或者平行的位置，以初始位置为基准所述活动偏光片的旋转角度为0°～5°。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的自动变光焊接滤光镜，其特征在于，其包括两个液晶片(11)，所述两个液晶片(11)平行设置，中间公用一片偏光片(13)，所述两个液晶片(11)的外侧分别设有一片偏光片(13)，三片所述偏光片(13)中的至少一片为可旋转的活动偏光片。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的自动变光焊接滤光镜，其特征在于，所述角度调节装置(17)包括角度调节旋钮(171)、以及与所述角度调节旋钮(171)连接的盘形凸轮(173)、以及弹性元件(175)，所述盘形凸轮(173)与所述活动偏光片的一侧抵靠，所述弹性元件(175)与所述活动偏光片的另一侧相连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的自动变光焊接滤光镜，其特征在于，所述弹性元件(175)为弹簧。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的自动变光焊接滤光镜，其特征在于，所述自动变光焊接滤光镜(1)的可见光透过率的范围为10-6～10-1。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的自动变光焊接滤光镜，其特征在于，所述 驱动电路(15)的驱动电压为20V～40V。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的自动变光焊接滤光镜，其特征在于，所述驱动电路(15)的驱动频率为0.01Hz～1Hz。
  10. 一种自动变光焊接面罩，其特征在于，所述自动变光焊接面罩包括如权利要求1～9任一项所述的自动变光焊接滤光镜。
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