WO2018195634A1 - Moteur à cycle combiné atkinson ou miller et binaire-isotherme-adiabatique, et procédé de commande pour le cycle thermodynamique de ce moteur à cycle combiné - Google Patents

Moteur à cycle combiné atkinson ou miller et binaire-isotherme-adiabatique, et procédé de commande pour le cycle thermodynamique de ce moteur à cycle combiné Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018195634A1
WO2018195634A1 PCT/BR2018/050131 BR2018050131W WO2018195634A1 WO 2018195634 A1 WO2018195634 A1 WO 2018195634A1 BR 2018050131 W BR2018050131 W BR 2018050131W WO 2018195634 A1 WO2018195634 A1 WO 2018195634A1
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Prior art keywords
cycle
atkinson
miller
binary
isothermal
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PCT/BR2018/050131
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English (en)
Portuguese (pt)
Inventor
Marno Iockheck
Saulo Finco
LUIS Mauro MOURA
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Associação Paranaense De Cultura - Apc
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Publication of WO2018195634A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018195634A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B41/00—Engines characterised by special means for improving conversion of heat or pressure energy into mechanical power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a combined cycle thermal motor formed by a unit operating with the interconnected Atkinson or Miller cycle integrated with the other unit operating with the binary cycle of three isothermal processes and four adiabatic processes.
  • thermodynamics defines three concepts of thermodynamic systems, the open thermodynamic system, the closed thermodynamic system and the isolated thermodynamic system. These three concepts of thermodynamic systems were conceptualized in the nineteenth century in the early days of the creation of the laws of thermodynamics and underlie all motor cycles known to date.
  • thermodynamic system is defined as a system in which neither matter nor energy passes through it. Therefore, this concept of thermodynamic system does not offer properties that allow the development of motors.
  • the open thermodynamic system is defined as a thermodynamic system in which energy and matter can enter and leave this system.
  • Examples of an open thermodynamic system are the Otkins cycle Atkinson cycle internal combustion engines, Sabathe cycle Otto cycle diesel cycle, Brayton diesel cycle internal combustion engine, Rankine exhaust cycle from steam to the environment.
  • the materials that come into these systems are fuels and oxygen or fluid working gas or working gas.
  • the energy that enters these systems is heat.
  • the materials that come out of these systems are the combustion or working fluid exhaust, gases, waste, the energies that come out of these systems are the mechanical working energy and part of the heat dissipated.
  • the closed thermodynamic system is defined as a thermodynamic system in which only energy can enter and leave this system.
  • Examples of closed thermodynamic systems are external combustion engines such as Stirling cycle, Ericsson cycle, Rankine cycle with closed circuit working fluid, Brayton heat cycle or external combustion, Carnot cycle.
  • the energy that enters this system is heat.
  • the energies that come out of this system are the working mechanical energy and part of the heat dissipated, but no matter comes out of these systems, as they do in the open system.
  • Combined-cycle motors known to date have been invented and designed by uniting in the same system two motor concepts conceived in the nineteenth century, based on open thermodynamic systems or closed thermodynamic systems, the best known are the combined cycles of a Brayton cycle engine with a Rankine cycle engine and the combined cycle of a Diesel cycle engine with a Rankine cycle engine.
  • the basic concept of a combined cycle is a system composed of a motor operating by means of a high temperature source so that the heat waste of this motor is the energy that drives a second motor that requires a lower temperature of operation, both forming a combined system of converting thermal energy into mechanical energy for the same common purpose.
  • the current state of the art reveals combined cycles formed by a Brayton or Diesel cycle main engine running on a main source with a temperature of over 1000 ° C and exhaust gases in the range between 600 ° C and 700 ° C and these gases are in turn piped to power another Rankine cycle engine, usually "organic Rankine" (ORC).
  • ORC Rankine cycle engine
  • the conventional Rankine cycle has water as its working fluid, the organic Rankine cycle uses organic fluids, these are more suitable for projects at lower temperatures than those with the conventional Rankine cycle, so they are usually used in combined cycles.
  • thermodynamic system the so-called hybrid thermodynamic system
  • this new system concept has become the basis of support for new motor cycles, motors.
  • differential cycle motors and non-differential binary cycle motors so that these new motor cycles have significant advantages for the creation of new combined cycles.
  • Combined cycles of a Brayton cycle engine with a differential cycle motor, Brayton cycle engine with a binary cycle engine, Diesel cycle engine with a differential cycle engine, Diesel cycle engine with a binary cycle motor can be exemplified.
  • Otto cycle motor with a differential cycle motor Otto cycle motor with a binary cycle motor and some other variations.
  • the aim of the invention focuses on eliminating some of the existing problems, minimizing other problems and offering new possibilities.
  • a new concept of thermal motors has become indispensable and the creation of new motor cycles is necessary. that engine efficiency was no longer dependent solely on temperatures.
  • the hybrid system concept and differential and binary cycles the very characteristic that underlies this new combined cycle concept, eliminates the reliance on efficiency exclusively at temperature. Eliminating the need to change the physical state of work fluids is now representative to reduce machine volume, weight and cost. Therefore the combined cycle formed by an Atkinson or Miller cycle unit with a binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle unit is an important, viable evolution for the future of combined cycle systems.
  • Combined cycle motors are characterized by having two separate thermodynamic units integrated forming a system such that the energy disposed of by the main unit is the power source of the secondary unit and both have an integration of the final mechanical work.
  • thermodynamic unit formed by an Atkinson or Miller 31 cycle motor, which performs a six-process Atkinson cycle and a binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle turbine motor 320, which performs a three-cycle cycle. isothermal processes and four adiabatic processes, and so that the input energy, by combustion performs an isocoric process of temperature increase and compression in the Atkinson or Miller cycle unit, continues the energy input through an isobaric expansion process, later an adiabatic expansion process of the Atkinson or Miller engine and following another adiabatic process acting on a turbine rotor (Miller model), or isochoric when without turbine (Atkinson model), later an isobaric heat transfer process to a heat exchanger.
  • the present invention brings important developments for the conversion of thermal energy to mechanics by the concept of the combination of two distinct thermodynamic cycles.
  • the vast majority of combined cycles have as their secondary engine a Rankine or organic Rankine cycle steam turbine engine.
  • Figure 1 shows that the Rankine cycle has losses inherent in the concept of the processes that form its cycle, not allowing a significant portion of energy to be converted into work.
  • the Rankine and Organic Rankine cycles require the exchange of the physical phase of the working gas, that is, there is a liquid process phase requiring condensing elements, evaporation and auxiliary pump systems, and all these elements and processes impose losses and impossibility. to utilize the energies of these phases in conversion.
  • Atkinson or Miller binary-isothermal-adiabatic combined cycle invention Some of the key advantages of the Atkinson or Miller binary-isothermal-adiabatic combined cycle invention that can be seen are the lack of physical phase exchange elements of the associated losses, the lack of condensation and vaporization elements, therefore the absence of losses associated with the latent heat of the working fluid, the absence of circuits, pumps, control elements intended for the physical phase exchange processes of the and its associated losses and that, consequently, the lack of volume, materials and mass, weight, of the elements that make up such projects. Therefore, the innovation presented by the combined Atkinson or Miller cycle with binary is significant.
  • Combined-cycle motors based on the integration of an Atkinson or Miller cycle engine with a binary-cycle engine may be constructed of materials and techniques similar to conventional combined-cycle engines, such as the secondary, binary-cycle unit.
  • a closed-circuit gas engine considering the complete system, this closed-circuit working gas concept with respect to the external environment indicates that the system must be sealed, or in some cases leaks may be permitted provided they are compensated for. .
  • Suitable materials for this technology should be noted, which are similar in this respect to Brayton, Stirling or Ericsson cycle engine design technologies, all with external combustion.
  • the working gas depends on the project, its application and the parameters used, the choice of gas may be diversified, each one will provide specific characteristics, as an example may be suggested the gases: helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, dry air, neon, among others. others.
  • Figure 1 demonstrates in block diagram a combined cycle system formed by an Atkinson or Miller cycle unit with a Rankine cycle unit. Systems designed with this philosophy would be used to improve mechanical and energy efficiency in traction systems, vehicles such as automobiles.
  • Figure 2 demonstrates in block diagram a combined cycle system designed based on the new thermodynamic system concept formed by a known Atkinson or Miller cycle unit with a binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle unit.
  • systems designed with this philosophy for mechanical power generation will have higher efficiency than combined cycle systems with Rankine or organic Rankine based on the theoretical analysis of the second machine cycle that forms the system, among the losses that cease to exist, the absence of Changing the physical state of the working fluid is a significant item; the energy conservation process provided by the binary subsystem conservation subsystem reinforces the possibilities of increasing overall efficiency.
  • Figure 3 is a diagram of a system composed of an Atkinson or Miller 31 cycle engine with a binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle turbine motor 320 forming the combined Atkinson or Miller cycle and torque.
  • Figure 4 shows the Atkinson 41 cycle pressure and volumetric displacement graph curves respectively and the binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle pressure and volumetric displacement graph curves 46.
  • Figure 5 shows how the Atkinson cycle is defined, in its simplest form indicated by 510, an intermediate form indicated by 56 and in its most evolved form indicated by 51, which is formed by two isochoric processes, two isobaric processes and two processes. adiabatic. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • the Atkinson or Miller combined-cycle and isothermal-adiabatic torque engine is a system composed of an open thermodynamic system-based engine concept, an Atkinson or Miller cycle internal combustion engine designed in the 19th and 20th century respectively. , with an engine based on the hybrid thermodynamic system, the non-differential binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle, designed in the 21st century, so that the energy discarded by the first, the Atkinson or Miller cycle internal combustion engine, is the energy that drives the second, the binary cycle motor.
  • Figure 3 shows the system featuring an Atkinson or Miller combined-cycle and isothermal-adiabatic engine.
  • This system consists of an integrated Atkinson cycle machine interconnected with another binary cycle machine so that its thermodynamic cycles are also integrated as shown in Figure 4.
  • the system in Figure 3 shows an internal combustion engine.
  • 31 Atkinson or Miller cycle motor coupled to a torque-isothermal-adiabatic cycle turbine motor 320.
  • the Atkinson or Miller cycle motor has its discharge manifold 331, hot exhaust, connected to a heat exchanger 319 on this heat exchanger.
  • the turbine rotor of the power conversion unit 321 conducts its fraction of the working gas from the control valve 326 to the isothermal cooling chamber 328, which is separate from the other cooling and cooling systems. located at the coldest end of the forced air flow of the fan, that is, at the outermost point of the engine bordering the environment, and the gas entering point (c) inside the chamber 328, where the isothermal process is performed. compression and cooling, the gas exiting at point (d) following the compressor rotor of the power conversion unit 325, which in turn returns the gas to the inlet of the isothermal expansion and heating chamber 319, completing the cycle. binary thermodynamic system.
  • the mechanical energy converted by the binary cycle unit on shaft 327, this shaft is coupled directly or indirectly to all compression and turbine rotors,
  • Exhaust Gas Circulation Type (EGR) 312 with the function of directing part of the 315 turbine rotor outlet gases to the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine via mixer 39, reducing the Nitrous oxide emissions, NOx, another part of the gases, when leaving unit 312, goes to the environment 316. Also part of the mechanical unit of the binary cycle engine is a compressor rotor 314, which pressurizes air from the environment.
  • EGR Exhaust Gas Circulation Type
  • air 317 first passes through filter 313, enters compressor rotor 314, passes through a chiller 36 and from there to mixer 39 which performs mixing of the pressurized air with part of the combustion gases injecting them into the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine 31.
  • FIG. 3 also shows the main elements that configure an Atkinson or Miller engine, at 318 the engine cooling air intake and all systems requiring cooling, the isothermal heat exchanger 328 is the outermost element and It is the isothermal compression chamber of the binary cycle unit, it is the most external because the efficiency of the binary cycle unit increases the lower the temperature of the isothermal process that occurs in the 328 heat exchanger, unlike other Atkinson or Miller engine needs.
  • Heat exchanger 36 is used for cooling pressurized air by compressor 314.
  • Another heat exchanger, radiator 35 is the main cooling element of the internal combustion engine and its hydraulic and electrical units.
  • a 329 fan is used to force ventilation and improve heat exchange, cooling.
  • a coolant, typically water, pump 37 circulates the fluid within the internal combustion engine to keep it in safe thermal conditions, aided by a thermostat-type sensor 38 for temperature control. Mixing pressurized air with part of the exhaust gas occurs in mixer 39 and proceeds to a manifold 32 which injects into the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine.
  • Line 330 is an engine coolant return pipe.
  • Line 310 is a duct that conducts part of the combustion gases from the regulator (EGR) to the mixer 39.
  • the combustion residues are carried by line 31 1 from the collector 331, passing through by the heat exchanger 319 and going to the turbine rotor inlet 315.
  • the power shaft 33 of the internal combustion engine is the main element for bringing the mechanical force to the gearbox 34.
  • Figure 4 shows the graphs of the pressure and volumetric displacement that in their union form the combined cycle, a process composed by the combination of two cycles, one Atkinson or Miller and another binary-isothermal-adiabatic, where the first cycle, the Atkinson or Miller cycle is formed by six processes, or also called thermodynamic transformations, being two isochoric processes or transformations, two isobaric processes and two adiabatic processes, which occur one by one sequentially, but with the integration with other mechanical elements, the The processes may vary as in the case of this invention.
  • a turbine rotor optionally alters the isochoric process (5-7), making it, in short, adiabatic, shown in path (5-6) shown in 44 in Figure 4, and described as follows: the input energy to the system by combustion 42 and 43 performs an isocoric heating and compression process (2-3) and an isobaric expansion (3-4), following which the expansion proceeds with an adiabatic process (4-5). ) then another adiabatic process occurs (5-
  • Binary cycle 46 is coupled, integrated with Atkinson or Miller cycle 41, so that the Atkinson or Miller cycle energy disposal process (6-7-1) is the binary cycle input energy, and all processes that form the binary cycle occur simultaneously.
  • the energy discharged by the Atkinson or Miller cycle forms the isothermal expansion process (ab), starting from point (b) of the binary cycle two processes occur, an adiabatic expansion process (bc) of the binary cycle motor conversion unit and a adiabatic expansion process (b-c ') of the binary cycle engine conservation unit, finished adiabatic expansion processes occur two isothermal compression processes, starting from point (c) of the binary cycle an isothermal compression process (cd ) from the torque engine power conversion unit and starting from point (c '), an isothermal compression process (c'-d') of the energy conservation unit occurs, and two isothermal compression processes occur.
  • Table 1 shows the processes (2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-6, 6-7-1, 1-2) that form the Atkinson or Miller cycle when it is integrated into the cycle. binary-isothermal-adiabatic, shown step by step.
  • Table 2 shows the seven processes (ab, bc, b-c ', cd, c'-d', da, d'a) that form the non-differential binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle, shown step by step. step, with three isothermal processes and four adiabatic processes.
  • Figure 5 shows the pressure and volume graph of the ideal Atkinson or Miller cycle, the Atkinson cycle in its simplified form is shown by 510, 56 shows the Atkinson cycle with the addition of an isochoric process (4-5) and in 51 is shown the current Atkinson cycle, this is a cycle formed by an isocoric combustion heating process (2-3), an isobaric heating and expansion process (3-4), an adiabatic expansion process (4-5) , an isocoric cooling process (5-6), an isobaric compression and cooling process (6-1) and an adiabatic compression process (1 -2).
  • thermodynamic cycle When implanting mechanical changes in the engine, the addition of a 315 turbine and a 319 heat exchanger, there is also a change in the thermodynamic cycle, the process (5-6) is no longer isochoric because there is a turbine to move that together with The 319 heat exchanger and a control system will produce changes in this region of the thermodynamic cycle.
  • the Atkinson or Miller combined binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle is the junction of a cycle called Atkinson or Miller, whose cycle is formed by one-to-one processes sequentially, with a seven-binary isothermal-adiabatic cycle. processes which are all performed simultaneously and this system has the energy input by combustion in the Atkinson or Miller cycle by an isochoric process (2-3) and an isobaric process (3-4), as shown in Figure 4, shown in 41, shown by the expression (a).
  • (Q ; ) represents the total system input energy, in "Joule”
  • (n) represents the number of mol belonging to the Atkinson or Miller cycle unit
  • (R) represents the universal constant. of the perfect gases
  • ⁇ T ⁇ , T 3 , T 4 ) represent the gas temperatures in the thermodynamic cycle at points (2), (3) and (4) respectively in "Kelvin", figure 4, indicated by 42 and 43
  • (y) represents the adiabatic expansion coefficient.
  • the binary cycle secondary machine input energy is represented by expression (c), where ⁇ Tq) is the isothermal input temperature of the binary cycle unit.
  • the turbine 315 of the input power (Q f) is an adiabatic process and is represented by expression (d).
  • Discarding energy not converted to work by the secondary, binary cycle machine is represented by the expression (e), where ⁇ Tf) is the isothermal output temperature of the binary cycle unit. This, in the ideal concept, is the total energy disposed in half, which does not perform useful work.
  • Cycle engines combined by integrating an Atkinson or Miller cycle unit with a hybrid-based engine have some important applications, the most obvious being their application in transport vehicles that use the Atkinson or Miller cycle, and usually gasoline or alcohol as fuel.
  • Hybrid-based engine technology brings numerous properties that are especially interesting to these designs, the flexibility when operating temperatures, the absence of a number of elements that are required in open and closed-based engines, providing volume and reduced weight, and controllability, that is, the ability to operate over a wide range of rotation and torque. Therefore Atkinson or Miller combined-cycle technology with torque applies to vehicles, especially automobiles.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un moteur thermique à cycle combiné formé par une unité fonctionnant avec le cycle Atkinson ou Miller, relié et intégré à une autre unité fonctionnant avec le cycle binaire à trois processus isothermes et quatre processus adiabatiques.
PCT/BR2018/050131 2017-04-26 2018-04-25 Moteur à cycle combiné atkinson ou miller et binaire-isotherme-adiabatique, et procédé de commande pour le cycle thermodynamique de ce moteur à cycle combiné WO2018195634A1 (fr)

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BRBR102017008585-6 2017-04-26
BR102017008585-6A BR102017008585A2 (pt) 2017-04-26 2017-04-26 motor de ciclo combinado atkinson ou miller e binário-isotérmico- adiabático e processo de controle para o ciclo termodinâmico do motor de ciclo combinado

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Cited By (1)

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CN112963238A (zh) * 2021-02-26 2021-06-15 华中科技大学 一种基于绝热燃烧室和米勒循环的绝热内燃机燃烧系统

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH07305606A (ja) * 1994-05-10 1995-11-21 Osaka Gas Co Ltd 排熱回収システム
US20020062646A1 (en) * 2000-10-06 2002-05-30 Giancarlo Dellora Turbocompound internal combustion engine
US20070214786A1 (en) * 2006-03-20 2007-09-20 Stephan Arndt Internal combustion engine and method of operating the engine
DE102007052118A1 (de) * 2007-10-30 2009-05-07 Voith Patent Gmbh Verfahren zur Steuerung der Leistungsübertragung in einem Antriebsstrang mit einem Turbocompoundsystem und Antriebsstrang
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112963238A (zh) * 2021-02-26 2021-06-15 华中科技大学 一种基于绝热燃烧室和米勒循环的绝热内燃机燃烧系统
CN112963238B (zh) * 2021-02-26 2022-02-15 华中科技大学 一种基于绝热燃烧室和米勒循环的绝热内燃机燃烧系统

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