WO2018195634A1

WO2018195634A1 - Combined atkinson or miller and binary isothermal-adiabatic cycle engine and process for controlling the thermodynamic cycle of the combined cycle engine

Info

Publication number: WO2018195634A1
Application number: PCT/BR2018/050131
Authority: WO
Inventors: Marno Iockheck; Saulo Finco; LUIS Mauro MOURA
Original assignee: Associação Paranaense De Cultura - Apc
Priority date: 2017-04-26
Filing date: 2018-04-25
Publication date: 2018-11-01
Also published as: BR102017008585A2

Abstract

The present invention relates to a combined cycle heat engine comprised of a unit that operates on the Atkinson or Miller cycle and is interconnected and integrated with another unit that operates on a binary cycle of three isothermal processes and four adiabatic processes.

Description

"ATKINSON OR MILLER COMBINED CYCLE MOTOR AND ISOTHERMAL-ADIABATHIC TORQUE AND CONTROL PROCESS FOR THE THERMODYNAMIC COMBINED CYCLE MOTOR CYCLE"

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[001] The present invention relates to a combined cycle thermal motor formed by a unit operating with the interconnected Atkinson or Miller cycle integrated with the other unit operating with the binary cycle of three isothermal processes and four adiabatic processes.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[002] Classical thermodynamics defines three concepts of thermodynamic systems, the open thermodynamic system, the closed thermodynamic system and the isolated thermodynamic system. These three concepts of thermodynamic systems were conceptualized in the nineteenth century in the early days of the creation of the laws of thermodynamics and underlie all motor cycles known to date.

The isolated thermodynamic system is defined as a system in which neither matter nor energy passes through it. Therefore, this concept of thermodynamic system does not offer properties that allow the development of motors.

[004] The open thermodynamic system is defined as a thermodynamic system in which energy and matter can enter and leave this system. Examples of an open thermodynamic system are the Otkins cycle Atkinson cycle internal combustion engines, Sabathe cycle Otto cycle diesel cycle, Brayton diesel cycle internal combustion engine, Rankine exhaust cycle from steam to the environment. The materials that come into these systems are fuels and oxygen or fluid working gas or working gas. The energy that enters these systems is heat. The materials that come out of these systems are the combustion or working fluid exhaust, gases, waste, the energies that come out of these systems are the mechanical working energy and part of the heat dissipated.

[005] The closed thermodynamic system is defined as a thermodynamic system in which only energy can enter and leave this system. Examples of closed thermodynamic systems are external combustion engines such as Stirling cycle, Ericsson cycle, Rankine cycle with closed circuit working fluid, Brayton heat cycle or external combustion, Carnot cycle. The energy that enters this system is heat. The energies that come out of this system are the working mechanical energy and part of the heat dissipated, but no matter comes out of these systems, as they do in the open system.

[006] Both open and closed systems, all working gas mass is exposed to incoming energy, heat or combustion and all of it is exposed to cooling or cooling, that is, working gas mass is constant in their processes and the difference between them is that in the open system the working gas mass goes through the system and in the closed system the mass remains in the system.

THE CURRENT STATE OF TECHNIQUE

[007] Combined-cycle motors known to date have been invented and designed by uniting in the same system two motor concepts conceived in the nineteenth century, based on open thermodynamic systems or closed thermodynamic systems, the best known are the combined cycles of a Brayton cycle engine with a Rankine cycle engine and the combined cycle of a Diesel cycle engine with a Rankine cycle engine. [008] The basic concept of a combined cycle is a system composed of a motor operating by means of a high temperature source so that the heat waste of this motor is the energy that drives a second motor that requires a lower temperature of operation, both forming a combined system of converting thermal energy into mechanical energy for the same common purpose.

[009] The current state of the art reveals combined cycles formed by a Brayton or Diesel cycle main engine running on a main source with a temperature of over 1000 ° C and exhaust gases in the range between 600 ° C and 700 ° C and these gases are in turn piped to power another Rankine cycle engine, usually "organic Rankine" (ORC). The conventional Rankine cycle has water as its working fluid, the organic Rankine cycle uses organic fluids, these are more suitable for projects at lower temperatures than those with the conventional Rankine cycle, so they are usually used in combined cycles.

[010] Some of the main disadvantages of the current combined cycles, considering the second machine as a Rankine or organic Rankine cycle engine are the changing of the physical state of the working fluid, that is, there is a liquid phase required by the thermodynamic cycle processes that must controlled, and the heating energy of the liquid phase and the latent phase state change cannot be converted into working working energy, are losses imposed by the Rankine concept. This system requires engine items that imply more processes, more weight, more control and more losses, liquid reservoirs, steam generation reservoir, condenser cooler type, condensation reservoir, fluid flow pump in liquid state, control valves of liquid and gaseous processes. This set of features entails additional weight, additional volume, additional thermal losses, reduced overall efficiency and therefore higher pollution rates, higher implementation costs and lower sustainability indices in these projects.

[01 1] The current state of the art from 201 1 has revealed a new concept of thermodynamic system, the so-called hybrid thermodynamic system, and this new system concept has become the basis of support for new motor cycles, motors. differential cycle motors and non-differential binary cycle motors so that these new motor cycles have significant advantages for the creation of new combined cycles. Combined cycles of a Brayton cycle engine with a differential cycle motor, Brayton cycle engine with a binary cycle engine, Diesel cycle engine with a differential cycle engine, Diesel cycle engine with a binary cycle motor can be exemplified. , Otto cycle motor with a differential cycle motor, Otto cycle motor with a binary cycle motor and some other variations.

OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION

[012] The major problems of the state of the art, specifically with regard to combined cycles, lie precisely in the second unit that forms the systems, this is usually a Rankine cycle machine, an old machine whose thermodynamic processes impose losses through the need for exchange of physical state of working fluid, heat of liquid phase heating, heat of transformation, latent heat, mechanical units, reservoirs, valve systems, condensers, pumps that add weight, volume, losses and costs.

[013] The aim of the invention focuses on eliminating some of the existing problems, minimizing other problems and offering new possibilities. To achieve these objectives a new concept of thermal motors has become indispensable and the creation of new motor cycles is necessary. that engine efficiency was no longer dependent solely on temperatures. The hybrid system concept and differential and binary cycles, the very characteristic that underlies this new combined cycle concept, eliminates the reliance on efficiency exclusively at temperature. Eliminating the need to change the physical state of work fluids is now representative to reduce machine volume, weight and cost. Therefore the combined cycle formed by an Atkinson or Miller cycle unit with a binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle unit is an important, viable evolution for the future of combined cycle systems.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[014] Combined cycle motors are characterized by having two separate thermodynamic units integrated forming a system such that the energy disposed of by the main unit is the power source of the secondary unit and both have an integration of the final mechanical work.

[015] The present concept considers a thermodynamic unit formed by an Atkinson or Miller 31 cycle motor, which performs a six-process Atkinson cycle and a binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle turbine motor 320, which performs a three-cycle cycle. isothermal processes and four adiabatic processes, and so that the input energy, by combustion performs an isocoric process of temperature increase and compression in the Atkinson or Miller cycle unit, continues the energy input through an isobaric expansion process, later an adiabatic expansion process of the Atkinson or Miller engine and following another adiabatic process acting on a turbine rotor (Miller model), or isochoric when without turbine (Atkinson model), later an isobaric heat transfer process to a heat exchanger. heat which transfers energy not used by the Atkinson or Miller internal combustion engine for the isothermal process of expanding the binary cycle unit, this in turn performs an isothermal cooling process giving the environment energy that the combined system has not converted so that both cycles have a common final work conversion. These are therefore combined-cycle motors that are completely different from today's combined-cycle motors, which are based solely on open or closed systems. Figure 3 shows the general concept of the invention and Figure 4 shows the graphs with the integration of both thermodynamic cycles forming the combined cycle. In addition to combining the Atkinson or Miller cycle and torque, the present invention further contemplates the use of an auxiliary turbine 315 to perform work by means of an adiabatic process with residual energy and a compressor 314 for air pressurization in the engine combustion chambers. internal combustion engine if the internal combustion engine model is Miller.

[016] The present invention brings important developments for the conversion of thermal energy to mechanics by the concept of the combination of two distinct thermodynamic cycles. The vast majority of combined cycles have as their secondary engine a Rankine or organic Rankine cycle steam turbine engine. Figure 1 shows that the Rankine cycle has losses inherent in the concept of the processes that form its cycle, not allowing a significant portion of energy to be converted into work. The Rankine and Organic Rankine cycles require the exchange of the physical phase of the working gas, that is, there is a liquid process phase requiring condensing elements, evaporation and auxiliary pump systems, and all these elements and processes impose losses and impossibility. to utilize the energies of these phases in conversion. Some of the key advantages of the Atkinson or Miller binary-isothermal-adiabatic combined cycle invention that can be seen are the lack of physical phase exchange elements of the associated losses, the lack of condensation and vaporization elements, therefore the absence of losses associated with the latent heat of the working fluid, the absence of circuits, pumps, control elements intended for the physical phase exchange processes of the and its associated losses and that, consequently, the lack of volume, materials and mass, weight, of the elements that make up such projects. Therefore, the innovation presented by the combined Atkinson or Miller cycle with binary is significant.

[017] Combined-cycle motors based on the integration of an Atkinson or Miller cycle engine with a binary-cycle engine may be constructed of materials and techniques similar to conventional combined-cycle engines, such as the secondary, binary-cycle unit. For a closed-circuit gas engine, considering the complete system, this closed-circuit working gas concept with respect to the external environment indicates that the system must be sealed, or in some cases leaks may be permitted provided they are compensated for. . Suitable materials for this technology should be noted, which are similar in this respect to Brayton, Stirling or Ericsson cycle engine design technologies, all with external combustion. The working gas depends on the project, its application and the parameters used, the choice of gas may be diversified, each one will provide specific characteristics, as an example may be suggested the gases: helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, dry air, neon, among others. others.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[018] The attached figures demonstrate the main features and properties of the new combined cycle concept, more specifically a system formed by an Atkinson or Miller cycle unit with a binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle unit, and are represented as follows: Figure 1 demonstrates in block diagram a combined cycle system formed by an Atkinson or Miller cycle unit with a Rankine cycle unit. Systems designed with this philosophy would be used to improve mechanical and energy efficiency in traction systems, vehicles such as automobiles.

Figure 2 demonstrates in block diagram a combined cycle system designed based on the new thermodynamic system concept formed by a known Atkinson or Miller cycle unit with a binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle unit. Theoretically, systems designed with this philosophy for mechanical power generation will have higher efficiency than combined cycle systems with Rankine or organic Rankine based on the theoretical analysis of the second machine cycle that forms the system, among the losses that cease to exist, the absence of Changing the physical state of the working fluid is a significant item; the energy conservation process provided by the binary subsystem conservation subsystem reinforces the possibilities of increasing overall efficiency.

Figure 3 is a diagram of a system composed of an Atkinson or Miller 31 cycle engine with a binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle turbine motor 320 forming the combined Atkinson or Miller cycle and torque.

Figure 4 shows the Atkinson 41 cycle pressure and volumetric displacement graph curves respectively and the binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle pressure and volumetric displacement graph curves 46.

Figure 5 shows how the Atkinson cycle is defined, in its simplest form indicated by 510, an intermediate form indicated by 56 and in its most evolved form indicated by 51, which is formed by two isochoric processes, two isobaric processes and two processes. adiabatic. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[019] The Atkinson or Miller combined-cycle and isothermal-adiabatic torque engine is a system composed of an open thermodynamic system-based engine concept, an Atkinson or Miller cycle internal combustion engine designed in the 19th and 20th century respectively. , with an engine based on the hybrid thermodynamic system, the non-differential binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle, designed in the 21st century, so that the energy discarded by the first, the Atkinson or Miller cycle internal combustion engine, is the energy that drives the second, the binary cycle motor.

[020] Figure 3 shows the system featuring an Atkinson or Miller combined-cycle and isothermal-adiabatic engine. This system consists of an integrated Atkinson cycle machine interconnected with another binary cycle machine so that its thermodynamic cycles are also integrated as shown in Figure 4. The system in Figure 3 shows an internal combustion engine. 31 Atkinson or Miller cycle motor coupled to a torque-isothermal-adiabatic cycle turbine motor 320. The Atkinson or Miller cycle motor has its discharge manifold 331, hot exhaust, connected to a heat exchanger 319 on this heat exchanger. there is a binary cycle working gas circulation line that enters through point (a) being heated inside the exchanger and exits through point (b) into the three-way proportional control valve 326, and this valve directs part of the gas for turbine rotor of power conversion unit 321 and part of gas for turbine rotor of power conservation unit 322, turbine rotor of power unit and conservation 322 conducts the working gas to the isothermal and thermally insulated chamber 323, entering at the point (c ') where the isothermal compression process is performed, exiting the gas at the point (d') and moving to the compressor compressor rotor of the unit. 324, and this in turn conducts the gas with its associated conserved energy back into the isothermal expansion and heating 319. The turbine rotor of the power conversion unit 321 conducts its fraction of the working gas from the control valve 326 to the isothermal cooling chamber 328, which is separate from the other cooling and cooling systems. located at the coldest end of the forced air flow of the fan, that is, at the outermost point of the engine bordering the environment, and the gas entering point (c) inside the chamber 328, where the isothermal process is performed. compression and cooling, the gas exiting at point (d) following the compressor rotor of the power conversion unit 325, which in turn returns the gas to the inlet of the isothermal expansion and heating chamber 319, completing the cycle. binary thermodynamic system. The mechanical energy converted by the binary cycle unit on shaft 327, this shaft is coupled directly or indirectly to all compression and turbine rotors,

314, 315, 321, 322, 324 and 325, and is coupled to the main mechanical shaft 33 of the Atkinson or Miller cycle unit by means of a gearbox 34 for transmitting the torque force of the binary cycle unit summing with the shaft 33 of the main engine 31. As part of the mechanical unit of the binary cycle engine, there is also a 315 turbine rotor, where an adiabatic process is performed, through which exhaust gases from the Atkinson or Miller engine pass immediately after passing through the heat exchanger 319, although depending on the design concept, the positions between turbine rotor 315 and changer 319 may be reversed relative to the direction of exhaust gas flow, considering the gas initially passing through the changer and later on rotor 315, the gas leaving changer, enters turbine rotor

315, this is connected to the main shaft of the binary cycle engine, with the function of driving the compressor rotor 314, if the engine has the Miller configuration, and from turbine rotor 315, the gas goes to a control unit. Exhaust Gas Circulation Type (EGR) 312, with the function of directing part of the 315 turbine rotor outlet gases to the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine via mixer 39, reducing the Nitrous oxide emissions, NOx, another part of the gases, when leaving unit 312, goes to the environment 316. Also part of the mechanical unit of the binary cycle engine is a compressor rotor 314, which pressurizes air from the environment. to the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine if it is of the Miller configuration, air 317 first passes through filter 313, enters compressor rotor 314, passes through a chiller 36 and from there to mixer 39 which performs mixing of the pressurized air with part of the combustion gases injecting them into the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine 31.

[021] Figure 3 also shows the main elements that configure an Atkinson or Miller engine, at 318 the engine cooling air intake and all systems requiring cooling, the isothermal heat exchanger 328 is the outermost element and It is the isothermal compression chamber of the binary cycle unit, it is the most external because the efficiency of the binary cycle unit increases the lower the temperature of the isothermal process that occurs in the 328 heat exchanger, unlike other Atkinson or Miller engine needs. Heat exchanger 36 is used for cooling pressurized air by compressor 314. Another heat exchanger, radiator 35 is the main cooling element of the internal combustion engine and its hydraulic and electrical units. A 329 fan is used to force ventilation and improve heat exchange, cooling. A coolant, typically water, pump 37 circulates the fluid within the internal combustion engine to keep it in safe thermal conditions, aided by a thermostat-type sensor 38 for temperature control. Mixing pressurized air with part of the exhaust gas occurs in mixer 39 and proceeds to a manifold 32 which injects into the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine. Line 330 is an engine coolant return pipe. Line 310 is a duct that conducts part of the combustion gases from the regulator (EGR) to the mixer 39. The combustion residues are carried by line 31 1 from the collector 331, passing through by the heat exchanger 319 and going to the turbine rotor inlet 315. The power shaft 33 of the internal combustion engine is the main element for bringing the mechanical force to the gearbox 34.

[022] Figure 4 shows the graphs of the pressure and volumetric displacement that in their union form the combined cycle, a process composed by the combination of two cycles, one Atkinson or Miller and another binary-isothermal-adiabatic, where the first cycle, the Atkinson or Miller cycle is formed by six processes, or also called thermodynamic transformations, being two isochoric processes or transformations, two isobaric processes and two adiabatic processes, which occur one by one sequentially, but with the integration with other mechanical elements, the The processes may vary as in the case of this invention. The introduction of a turbine rotor optionally alters the isochoric process (5-7), making it, in short, adiabatic, shown in path (5-6) shown in 44 in Figure 4, and described as follows: the input energy to the system by combustion 42 and 43 performs an isocoric heating and compression process (2-3) and an isobaric expansion (3-4), following which the expansion proceeds with an adiabatic process (4-5). ) then another adiabatic process occurs (5-

6) if a 315 turbine of figure 3 is used, or an isochoric process (5-

7) if the system does not use the turbine, from this point heat transfer occurs to exchanger 319 generating the isobaric compression segment (6-7-1), ending Atkinson cycle compression with another adiabatic process (1 - 2) ending the Atkinson or Miller cycle. The piped energy for the binary cycle turbine motor is defined by process (6-7-1) indicated by 45, the piped energy for turbine rotor 315 is defined by process (5-6) indicated by 44.

[023] Binary cycle 46 is coupled, integrated with Atkinson or Miller cycle 41, so that the Atkinson or Miller cycle energy disposal process (6-7-1) is the binary cycle input energy, and all processes that form the binary cycle occur simultaneously. The energy discharged by the Atkinson or Miller cycle forms the isothermal expansion process (ab), starting from point (b) of the binary cycle two processes occur, an adiabatic expansion process (bc) of the binary cycle motor conversion unit and a adiabatic expansion process (b-c ') of the binary cycle engine conservation unit, finished adiabatic expansion processes occur two isothermal compression processes, starting from point (c) of the binary cycle an isothermal compression process (cd ) from the torque engine power conversion unit and starting from point (c '), an isothermal compression process (c'-d') of the energy conservation unit occurs, and two isothermal compression processes occur. compression starting from point (d) of the binary cycle, there is an adiabatic process of compression (da) of the binary cycle motor power conversion unit and a process compression damper (d'-a) of the torque cycle engine servicing unit ending the torque cycle 46. Therefore, under ideal, lossless conditions, energy enters the Atkinson or Miller cycle, indicated by 42 and 43, part of the discarded energy 44, by an adiabatic process feeds a turbine rotor 315, part of the discarded energy 45 of the Atkinson or Miller cycle feeds the binary cycle 46, the discarded energy of the binary cycle is, ideally without losses, the energy total lost, indicated by 47.

Table 1 shows the processes (2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-6, 6-7-1, 1-2) that form the Atkinson or Miller cycle when it is integrated into the cycle. binary-isothermal-adiabatic, shown step by step.

Table 1

Cycle unit

Process Step

Atkinson or Miller Isochoric Power Input

1 2-3 heating and

combustion compression

Isobaric Power Input

2 3-4 heating and

combustion expansion

Adiabatic of

3 4-5

expansion

Drive of

Adiabatic of

4 5-6 315 turbine

expansion or isochoric

(if adiabatic)

Isobaric from

Energy transferred

5 6-7-1 cooling and

for binary cycle compression

Adiabatic of

6 1 -2

compression

Table 2 shows the seven processes (ab, bc, b-c ', cd, c'-d', da, d'a) that form the non-differential binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle, shown step by step. step, with three isothermal processes and four adiabatic processes.

Table 2

Subsystem Subsystem

Process Step

conservation conversion

Energy input

Isothermal Isothermal

1 a-b from expansion loop

Atkinson or Miller

Adiabatic Adiabatic

2 b-c / b-c '

expansion expansion

C-d isothermal isothermal

3 c-d / c'-d '

compression c'-d 'compression conserved Adiabatic Adiabatic

4 d / a / a

compression compression

Figure 5 shows the pressure and volume graph of the ideal Atkinson or Miller cycle, the Atkinson cycle in its simplified form is shown by 510, 56 shows the Atkinson cycle with the addition of an isochoric process (4-5) and in 51 is shown the current Atkinson cycle, this is a cycle formed by an isocoric combustion heating process (2-3), an isobaric heating and expansion process (3-4), an adiabatic expansion process (4-5) , an isocoric cooling process (5-6), an isobaric compression and cooling process (6-1) and an adiabatic compression process (1 -2). When implanting mechanical changes in the engine, the addition of a 315 turbine and a 319 heat exchanger, there is also a change in the thermodynamic cycle, the process (5-6) is no longer isochoric because there is a turbine to move that together with The 319 heat exchanger and a control system will produce changes in this region of the thermodynamic cycle. This paper proposes an approximation considering the mechanical and process essentials that characterize the idea.

[026] The Atkinson or Miller combined binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle is the junction of a cycle called Atkinson or Miller, whose cycle is formed by one-to-one processes sequentially, with a seven-binary isothermal-adiabatic cycle. processes which are all performed simultaneously and this system has the energy input by combustion in the Atkinson or Miller cycle by an isochoric process (2-3) and an isobaric process (3-4), as shown in Figure 4, shown in 41, shown by the expression (a).

(The) [027] In equation (a), (Q _; ) represents the total system input energy, in "Joule", (n) represents the number of mol belonging to the Atkinson or Miller cycle unit, (R) represents the universal constant. of the perfect gases, {T _∑ , T ₃ , T ₄ ) represent the gas temperatures in the thermodynamic cycle at points (2), (3) and (4) respectively in "Kelvin", figure 4, indicated by 42 and 43, and (y) represents the adiabatic expansion coefficient.

[028] Discarding energy not converted to work by the main machine, the Atkinson or Miller cycle, is the input energy of the secondary, binary-cycle machine plus 315 turbine power, and the expression of the discarded energy, provided. the subsequent units by the internal combustion engine is represented by the expression (b), considering the adiabatic process (5-6).

[029] The binary cycle secondary machine input energy is represented by expression (c), where {Tq) is the isothermal input temperature of the binary cycle unit.

Q _ib = _ni . R. Tq. \ = ^ ^V. (J ₆ - T (c)

[030] The turbine 315 of the input power (Q _f) is an adiabatic process and is represented by expression (d).

[031] Discarding energy not converted to work by the secondary, binary cycle machine is represented by the expression (e), where {Tf) is the isothermal output temperature of the binary cycle unit. This, in the ideal concept, is the total energy disposed in half, which does not perform useful work.

[032] The total useful work of the combined cycle system, considering an ideal lossless model, is the difference between energy input and output and is represented by the expression (f) below.

^{Wu =} Ί ^ γ ^ - ^ + ^ Τγ ^ - ^ - ⁿ 2- R. f. \ ^v _d (f)

[033] The theoretical final demonstration of the efficiency of the Atkinson or Mlller and binary-isothermal-adiabatic combined cycle is given by the expression (g), whereas (\ - Va = - Vd Y / characterizing that the combined cycles of a machine based on Open or closed systems with a machine based on the hybrid system have as a parameter of efficiency, also the number of moles or mass, inherited characteristic of the machine based on the hybrid system, and therefore do not have their efficiencies exclusively dependent on temperatures.

1 = 1 - a. Wr * ® (g) n [(Γ ₃ -Γ ₂ ) +7. (Γ ₄ -Γ ₃ )] ^{a /}

APPLICATION EXAMPLES

[034] Cycle engines combined by integrating an Atkinson or Miller cycle unit with a hybrid-based engine, for example a binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle turbine engine, have some important applications, the most obvious being their application in transport vehicles that use the Atkinson or Miller cycle, and usually gasoline or alcohol as fuel. Hybrid-based engine technology brings numerous properties that are especially interesting to these designs, the flexibility when operating temperatures, the absence of a number of elements that are required in open and closed-based engines, providing volume and reduced weight, and controllability, that is, the ability to operate over a wide range of rotation and torque. Therefore Atkinson or Miller combined-cycle technology with torque applies to vehicles, especially automobiles.

Claims

1) "ATKINSON OR MILLER COMBINED CYCLE MOTOR AND ISOTHERMAL-ADIABIC TORQUE", characterized by the integration of two thermal machines, two thermodynamic cycles, forming a combined system, one of which is a machine that operates on the Atkinson or Miller cycle. (31), integrated, interconnected to another machine operating a binary cycle (320), and so that its thermodynamic cycles are also integrated, graph (41) and (46), an Atkinson or Miller cycle internal combustion engine (31) coupled to a binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle turbine motor (320), the Atkinson or Miller cycle motor has a discharge manifold (331) connected to a heat exchanger (319) the heat exchanger (319) has a binary cycle working gas circulation line that enters a proportional three-way control valve (326), and this valve directs part of the gas to the turbine rotor of the power conversion unit (321) and part of the gas to the turbine rotor of the energy conservation unit (322), the turbine rotor of the conservation unit (322) conducts the working gas to the isothermal and thermally insulated chamber (323), where the isothermal compression process, following to the compressor rotor of the energy conservation unit (324), conducting the gas with its associated energy conserved to the isothermal expansion chamber (319), the turbine rotor of the energy conservation unit (319). Energy conversion (321) drives its fraction of the working gas into the isothermal cooling chamber (328), which is separated from the other cooling and cooling systems and is located at the coldest end of the forced fan air flow, and the gas entering point (c) inside the chamber (328), where the isothermal compression and cooling process is performed, moving to the compressor rotor of the energy conversion unit (325), and this, returning gas at the inlet of the isothermal expansion and heating chamber (319), completing the system's binary-isothermal-adiabatic thermodynamic cycle, the mechanical force of the shaft (327) of the turbine engine torque cycle, is coupled to the main mechanical shaft (33) of the Atkinson or Miller cycle unit by means of a transmission gearbox (34), of the main motor (31), a turbine rotor (315) is connected to the main shaft of the binary cycle engine, with the function of driving the compressor rotor (314), used when the internal combustion engine model is the Miller, and from the turbine rotor (315), the gas goes to a Exhaust Gas Circulation Control (312) Type (EGR) Unit for Directing Part of Turbine Rotor Output Gases (315) to Atkinson or Miller Combustion Chambers via Mixer (39) , a compressor rotor (314) is also connected to the main shaft of the torque-cycle engine, which pressurizes air from the suctioned environment via filter (313), and pressurizes to the Atkinson or Miller (31) engine combustion chambers, via cooler. (36) and mixer (39), injecting them together with the gas portion s of combustion from the control element (EGR) (312) to the internal combustion engine combustion chamber (31) through the manifold (32).

2) "ATKINSON OR MILLER COMBINED CYCLE MOTOR AND ISOTHERMAL-ADIABATIC TORQUE" according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of the integration of two thermal machines, two thermodynamic cycles, forming a combined system, one being a machine which operates at the integrated Atkinson or Miller cycle (31) interconnected with another machine operating at a binary cycle (320), and so that its thermodynamic cycles are also integrated, graph (41) and (46).

3) "ATKINSON OR MILLER COMBINED CYCLE ENGINE AND ISOTHERMIC ADIABATHIC TORQUE" according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it consists of an Atkinson or Miller (31) cycle internal combustion engine coupled to an engine binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle turbine (320).

4) "ATKINSON OR MILLER COMBINED CYCLE MOTOR AND ISOTHERMAL-ADIABATHIC TORQUE" according to claim 1, characterized in it consists of an Atkinson or Miller cycle motor with a discharge manifold (331) connected to a heat exchanger (319), and the exchanger (319) has a binary cycle working gas circulation line.

5. "ATKINSON COMBINED CYCLE MOTOR OR BINARY-ISOTHERMIC-ADIABATHIC MILLER" according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that it comprises a proportional three-way control valve (326) connected to the heat exchanger (319 ), and this valve directs part of the gas from the exchanger (319) to the turbine rotor of the power converter (321) and part of the gas to the turbine rotor of the power conservation unit (322).

6. "ATKINSON OR MILLER COMBINED CYCLE MOTOR AND ISOTHERMIC ADIABATHIC TORQUE" according to claims 1 and 5, characterized in that it consists of a conservation unit turbine rotor (322) which drives the working gas into the isothermal and thermally insulated chamber (323), where the isothermal compression process is performed.

7) "ATKINSON OR MILLER COMBINED CYCLE MOTOR AND ISOTHERMAL-ADIABATHIC TORQUE" according to claims 1, 4, 5 and 6, characterized in that it consists of an energy conservation unit compressor rotor (324) connected at the outlet of the isothermal and isolated chamber (323), with the function of conducting the gas with its associated energy conserved to the heating isothermal expansion chamber (319).

8. "ATKINSON OR MILLER COMBINED CYCLE MOTOR AND TINARY-ISOTHERMIC-ADIABATHIC" according to Claims 1 and 5, characterized in that it consists of a turbine rotor of the power conversion unit (321) for driving. its fraction of the working gas to the isothermal cooling chamber (328) is separated from the other cooling and cooling systems and situated at the far end. the forced air flow of the fan, and the gas entering point (c) inside the chamber (328), where the isothermal compression and cooling process is performed.

9. "ATKINSON OR MILLER COMBINED CYCLE MOTOR AND TINARY-ISOTHERMIC-ADIABATHIC" according to claims 1, 4, 5 and 7, characterized in that it consists of a compressor rotor of the power conversion unit (325), and this with the function of conducting the gas into the isothermal expansion and heating chamber (319), completing the binary-isothermal-adiabatic thermodynamic cycle of the system.

10. "ATKINSON OR MILLER COMBINED CYCLE MOTOR AND ISOTHERMAL-ADIABATHIC TORQUE" according to claims 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, characterized in that it consists of a mechanical power shaft ( 327), directly or indirectly connected to all compression and turbine rotors, (314), (315), (321), (322), (324) and (325), and this shaft is coupled to the main mechanical shaft (33) from the main motor (31), the Atkinson or Miller cycle unit by means of a transmission gearbox (34).

1) "ATKINSON OR MILLER COMBINED CYCLE MOTOR AND ISOTHERMIC ADIABATHIC" according to claims 1 and 10, characterized in that it consists of a turbine rotor (315) connected to the main shaft of the binary cycle motor, with the function of driving the compressor rotor (314).

12. "ATKINSON OR MILLER COMBINED CYCLE MOTOR AND ISOTHERMAL-ADIABATHIC TORQUE" according to claims 1, 10 and 11, characterized in that it comprises a control unit (312), type (EGR), circulating exhaust gas, with the function of directing part of the turbine rotor outlet gases (315) to the combustion chambers of the Atkinson or Miller cycle internal combustion engine via mixer (39). 13. "ATKINSON OR MILLER COMBINED CYCLE MOTOR AND ISOTHERMAL-ADIABATHIC TORQUE" according to claims 1, 2, 3, 10, 1 1 and 12, characterized in that it consists of a compressor rotor (314) connected to the axle. main engine of the binary cycle engine, with the function of pressurizing air from the aspirated environment via filter (313), and pressurizing to the combustion chambers of internal combustion engine (31), via cooler (36) and mixer (39), injecting together with the portion of the combustion gas coming from the control element (EGR) (312) to the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine (31) via the distributor (32).

14) "CONTROL PROCEDURE FOR THE THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE MOTOR MOTOR CYCLE", characterized by a process consisting of the combination of two cycles, one Atkinson or Miller and another binary-isothermal-adiabatic cycle which together form the combined cycle, where In the first cycle, the Atkinson or Miller cycle, with integration with other mechanical elements, the processes may vary as in the case of this invention, the introduction of a turbine rotor alters the isochoric process, making it, in short, adiabatic expansion ( 5-6), being described as follows, the input energy into the system by combustion (42) and (43) performs a heating process and isochoric compression (2-3), then continues heating in a process isobaric expansion (3-4), expansion proceeds with an adiabatic process (4-5), from this point energy transfer to a turbine rotor (315) occurs through an adiabatic expansion process (5-5). 6) , followed by an isobaric compression and cooling process (6-7-1) transferring heat to the exchanger (319), ending the compression with another adiabatic process (1-2) ending the Atkinson or Miller cycle, the channeled energy to the binary cycle turbine motor is defined by process (6-7-1) indicated by (45), the piped energy to turbine rotor (315) is defined by process (5-6) indicated by (44), the The binary cycle (46) is coupled, integrated with the Atkinson or Miller cycle (41), so that the energy discharge process (6-7-1) of the cycle Atkinson or Miller, is the input energy of the binary cycle, and this forms the isothermal expansion process (ab), and all processes that form the binary cycle occur simultaneously, starting from point (b) of the binary cycle two processes occur, adiabatic expansion process (bc) of the binary cycle motor conversion unit and adiabatic expansion process (b-c ') of the binary cycle motor conservation unit, finalized adiabatic expansion processes occur two isothermal processes of compression, starting from point (c) of the binary cycle occurs an isothermal compression process (cd) of the binary engine power conversion unit and starting from point (c ') an isothermal compression process occurs (c'-d') of the energy conservation unit, ending the isothermal compression processes there are two adiabatic compression processes, starting from point (d) of the binary cycle an adiabatic compression process occurs. pressure (da) of the torque-cycle engine power converter unit and an adiabatic compression process (d'-a) of the torque-cycle engine servicing unit, ending the torque cycle (46), therefore, under optimal conditions losslessly, energy (42) and (43) combustion enters the Atkinson or Miller cycle (41), part of the discarded energy, (44), by an adiabatic process feeds a turbine rotor, (315), another part of the discarded energy (45) of the Atkinson or Miller cycle, feeds the binary cycle, and the discarded energy of the binary cycle is ideally lossless, the total energy lost, indicated by (47).

15. "COMBINED CYCLE MOTOR THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE CONTROL PROCESS" according to claim 14, characterized by a process consisting of the combination of two cycles, one Atkinson or Miller and the other isothermal-adiabatic coupling. of them form the combined cycle, where the first cycle, the Atkinson or Miller cycle, with the integration of mechanical elements, turbine rotors and heat exchangers, the processes change so that the isochoric process gains adiabatic characteristics (5-6). . 16. "CONTROL PROCEDURE FOR THE COMBINED CYCLE MOTOR THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE" according to claim 14, characterized in that a process wherein the input energy into the system by combustion (42) and (43) performs a heating process. and isochoric compression (2-3) and an isobaric heating and expansion process (3-4).

17. "CONTROL PROCEDURE FOR THE THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE MOTOR MOTOR CYCLE" according to claims 14 and 16, characterized in that after heating and isochoric compression (2-3) and isobaric heating and expansion (3- 4) adiabatic expansion occurs (4-5).

18. "CONTROL PROCESS FOR THE THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE OF THE COMBINED CYCLE MOTOR" according to claims 14, 15 and

17, characterized by a process where after adiabatic expansion (4-5) there is another adiabatic expansion (5-6) of turbine rotor drive (315).

19) "CONTROL PROCESS FOR THE THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE OF THE COMBINED CYCLE MOTOR" according to claims 14, 15 and

18, characterized by a process where after adiabatic expansion (5-6) of turbine rotor drive (315) heat transfer to the exchanger (319) occurs by means of an isobaric compression process (6-7-1 ).

20) "CONTROL PROCEDURE FOR THE COMBINED CYCLE MOTOR THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE" according to claims 14 and 19 characterized in that after the heat transfer isocoric compression process (6-7-1) by the exchanger ( 319) another adiabatic process occurs, but of compression (1 -2) ending the Atkinson or Miller cycle.

21) "CONTROL PROCESS FOR THE THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE OF COMBINED CYCLE MOTOR "according to claims 14, 19 and 20, characterized in that a process where the energy channeled to the binary cycle turbine engine is defined by the Atkinson cycle isobaric compression (6-7-1) process or Miller indicated by (45) from chart (41).

22. "CONTROL PROCEDURE FOR THE THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE OF THE COMBINED CYCLE MOTOR" according to claims 14, 15, 18 and 19, characterized in that a process where the piped energy to the turbine rotor (315) is defined by the process adiabatic (5-6) indicated by (44).

23) "CONTROL PROCESS FOR THE THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE OF THE COMBINED CYCLE MOTOR" according to claims 14, 19, 20 and 21, characterized in that a process such that the binary cycle (46) is coupled, integrated with the Atkinson or Miller (41), so that the energy disposal process (6-7-1) of the Atkinson or Miller cycle, is the input energy of the binary cycle (46), and forms the isothermal expansion process (ab), and all processes that form the binary cycle occur simultaneously.

24) "CONTROL PROCESS FOR THE THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE MOTOR MOTOR CYCLE" according to claims 14 and 23, characterized in that after the isothermal expansion process (ab), starting from point (b) of the binary cycle , there are two processes, an adiabatic expansion process (bc) of the binary cycle motor power conversion unit and an adiabatic expansion process (b-c ') of the binary cycle motor conservation unit. adiabatic expansion of the binary cycle.

25) "CONTROL PROCESS FOR THE THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE OF THE COMBINED CYCLE MOTOR" according to claims 14 and 24, characterized in that after processes (bc) and (b-c ') two isothermal compression processes occur , starting from point (c) of the binary cycle, an isothermal compression (cd) process of the Power conversion from the binary engine and starting from point (c ') occurs an isothermal compression process (c'-d') of the energy conservation unit, ending the isothermal compression processes.

26) "CONTROL PROCESS FOR THE THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE OF THE COMBINED CYCLE MOTOR" according to claims 14 and 25, characterized in that after processes (cd) and (c'-d ') two adiabatic processes of starting from point (d) of the torque cycle there is an adiabatic compression process (da) of the binary cycle engine power conversion unit and an adiabatic compression process (d'-a) of the engine conservation unit. binary cycle, ending the binary cycle (46).

27) "CONTROL PROCESS FOR THE THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE OF THE COMBINED CYCLE MOTOR" according to claims 14, 18, 19, 21, 22, and 23, characterized by a process which under ideal conditions, without loss, energy ( 42) and (43) by combustion in the Atkinson or Miller cycle (41), part of the waste energy (44), by an adiabatic process feeds a turbine rotor, (315), another part of the energy (45), disposed of Atkinson or Miller cycle 41 feeds the binary cycle, and the discarded energy of the binary cycle is ideally lossless, the total energy lost, indicated by (47) of the binary cycle graph (46).