WO2018195627A1 - Moteur à turbine à cycle combiné brayton et binaire-isobare-adiabatique, et procédé de commande pour le cycle thermodynamique de ce moteur à turbine à cycle combiné - Google Patents

Moteur à turbine à cycle combiné brayton et binaire-isobare-adiabatique, et procédé de commande pour le cycle thermodynamique de ce moteur à turbine à cycle combiné Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018195627A1
WO2018195627A1 PCT/BR2018/050123 BR2018050123W WO2018195627A1 WO 2018195627 A1 WO2018195627 A1 WO 2018195627A1 BR 2018050123 W BR2018050123 W BR 2018050123W WO 2018195627 A1 WO2018195627 A1 WO 2018195627A1
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WO
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Prior art keywords
cycle
isobaric
brayton
adiabatic
energy
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PCT/BR2018/050123
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English (en)
Portuguese (pt)
Inventor
Marno Iockheck
Saulo Finco
LUIS Mauro MOURA
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Associação Paranaense De Cultura - Apc
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Publication of WO2018195627A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018195627A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B41/00—Engines characterised by special means for improving conversion of heat or pressure energy into mechanical power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a combined cycle turbine-type thermal motor formed by one unit operating with the interconnected Brayton cycle and integrated with the other unit operating with the binary cycle of three isobaric and four adiabatic processes.
  • thermodynamics defines three concepts of thermodynamic systems, the open thermodynamic system, the closed thermodynamic system and the isolated thermodynamic system. These three concepts of thermodynamic systems were conceptualized in the nineteenth century in the early days of the creation of the laws of thermodynamics and underlie all motor cycles known to date.
  • thermodynamic system is defined as a system in which neither matter nor energy passes through it. Therefore, this concept of thermodynamic system does not offer properties that allow the development of motors.
  • the open thermodynamic system is defined as a thermodynamic system in which energy and matter can enter and leave this system.
  • open thermodynamic systems are the Atkinson cycle Otto-cycle internal combustion engines, Sabathe cycle-cycle Otto-diesel internal combustion engine, Rank-exhaustion Brayton cycle-internal combustion cycle Diesel engine from steam to the environment.
  • the materials that come into these systems are fuels and oxygen or fluid working gas or working gas.
  • the energy that enters these systems is heat.
  • the materials that come out of these systems are the combustion or working fluid exhaust, gases and waste, the energies that come out of these systems are the mechanical working energy and part of the heat dissipated.
  • the closed thermodynamic system is defined as a thermodynamic system in which only energy can enter and leave this system.
  • Examples of closed thermodynamic systems are external combustion engines such as Stirling cycle, Ericsson cycle, Rankine cycle with closed circuit working fluid, Brayton heat cycle or external combustion, Carnot cycle.
  • the energy that enters this system is heat.
  • the energies that come out of this system are the mechanical working energy and part of the heat dissipated, but no matter comes out of these systems, as occurs in the open system.
  • Combined-cycle motors known to date have been invented and designed by uniting in the same system two motor concepts conceived in the nineteenth century, based on open thermodynamic systems or closed thermodynamic systems, the best known are the combined cycles of a Brayton cycle engine with a Rankine cycle engine and the combined cycle of a Diesel cycle engine with a Rankine cycle engine.
  • the basic concept of a combined cycle is a system composed of a motor operating by means of a high temperature source so that the heat waste of this motor is the energy that drives a second motor that requires a lower temperature of operation, both forming a combined system of converting thermal energy into mechanical energy for the same common purpose.
  • the current state of the art reveals combined cycles formed by a Brayton main cycle motor running on a main source with a temperature above 1000 ° C and with exhaust gases in the range between 600 ° C and 700 ° C and these gases. in turn they are channeled to power another Rankine cycle engine, usually "organic Rankine" (ORC).
  • ORC Rankine cycle engine
  • the conventional Rankine cycle has water as its working fluid, the organic Rankine cycle uses organic fluids, these are more suitable for projects at lower temperatures than those with the conventional Rankine cycle, so they are usually used in combined cycles.
  • thermodynamic system the so-called hybrid thermodynamic system
  • this new system concept has become the basis of support for new motor cycles, motors.
  • differential cycle motors and non-differential binary cycle motors so that these new motor cycles have significant advantages for the creation of new combined cycles.
  • Combined cycles of a Brayton cycle engine with a differential cycle motor, Brayton cycle engine with a binary cycle engine, Diesel cycle engine with a differential cycle engine, Diesel cycle engine with a binary cycle motor can be exemplified.
  • Otto cycle motor with a differential cycle motor Otto cycle motor with a binary cycle motor and some other variations.
  • the aim of the invention is to eliminate some of the existing problems, minimize other problems and offer new possibilities.
  • a new concept of thermal motors has become indispensable and the creation of new motor motors is necessary. so that engine efficiency would no longer be dependent solely on of temperatures.
  • the hybrid system concept and differential and binary cycles the very characteristic that underlies this new combined cycle concept, eliminates the reliance on efficiency exclusively at temperature. Eliminating the need to change the physical state of work fluids is now representative to reduce machine volume, weight and costs. Therefore the combined cycle formed by a Brayton cycle unit with a binary-isobaric-adiabatic cycle unit constitutes an important, viable evolution for the future of combined cycle systems.
  • Combined cycle motors are characterized by having two separate thermodynamic units integrated forming a system such that the energy disposed of by the main unit is the power source of the secondary unit and both have an integration of the final mechanical work.
  • thermodynamic unit formed by a Brayton 320 cycle turbine engine, which performs a four-process Brayton cycle and a binary-isobaric-adiabatic cycle turbine engine 319, which performs a three-process cycle. isobaric and four adiabatic processes, and so that the input energy, normally by combustion, performs an isobaric expansion process on the Brayton cycle unit, an also isobaric cooling process which gives energy to the isobaric cycle unit expansion process binary, in turn performs an isobaric cooling process by giving to the environment energy that the system as a whole has not converted to work and so that both cycles have a common final work conversion. So these are completely combined cycle turbine engines motors and current combined cycles, which are based solely on open or closed systems.
  • Figure 3 shows the general concept of the invention and figure 4 shows the integration of both thermodynamic cycles forming the combined cycle.
  • the present invention brings important developments for the conversion of thermal energy to mechanics by the concept of the combination of two distinct thermodynamic cycles.
  • the vast majority of combined cycles have as their secondary engine a Rankine or organic Rankine cycle steam turbine engine.
  • Figure 1 shows that the Rankine cycle has its own losses of the concept of processes that form its cycle, not allowing a significant portion of energy to be converted into work.
  • the Rankine and Organic Rankine cycle require changing the physical phase of the working gas, that is, there is a phase of the liquid process requiring condensing elements, evaporation and auxiliary pump systems, and all these elements and processes impose losses and impossibilities of utilize the energies of these phases in conversion.
  • Some of the main advantages of the Brayton-isobaric-adiabatic combined cycle invention that can be seen are the absence of physical phase shift elements of the working fluid and its associated losses, the absence of condensation and vaporization elements, therefore no losses associated with latent heat of the working fluid, no circuits, pumps, control elements for the fluid phase change processes and their associated losses and consequently no volume, materials, mass and weight of the elements that make up such projects. Therefore, the innovation presented by the combined cycle Brayton with binary is expressive.
  • Combined cycle turbine engines based on the integration of a Brayton cycle engine with a binary cycle engine may be constructed of materials and techniques similar to conventional combined cycle engines, as the secondary binary cycle unit consists of a Closed-loop gas engine, considering the complete system, this closed-loop working gas concept with respect to the external environment indicates that the system should be sealed, or in some cases leaks may be permitted provided they are compensated. Suitable materials for this technology should be noted, they are similar in this respect to Brayton external combustion cycle engine design technologies.
  • the working gas depends on the project, its application and the parameters used, the gas may be various, each will provide specific characteristics, as the gases may be suggested: helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, dry air, neon, among others.
  • Figure 1 shows in block diagram a current combined cycle system consisting of a Brayton cycle unit with a Rankine cycle unit. Plants designed with this philosophy today are used for electricity generation and the efficiency of these combined-cycle systems today is in the range of 50% to 60%, indexes published in various media.
  • Figure 2 demonstrates in block diagram a combined cycle system designed based on the new thermodynamic system concept formed by a known Brayton cycle unit with a binary-isobaric-adiabatic cycle unit.
  • plants designed with this philosophy for electricity generation will have efficiency greater than 60%, based on the theoretical analysis of the cycle of the second machine forming the system, among the losses that cease to exist, the absence of exchange of the physical state of the fluid. Since this work is a significant item, the energy conservation process provided by the conservation subsystem belonging to the binary cycle reinforces the possibilities of increasing overall efficiency.
  • Figure 3 shown at 31 shows the diagram of a system consisting of a Brayton 320 cycle unit with a binary-isobaric-adiabatic cycle unit 319 forming the combined Brayton and binary cycle 31.
  • Figure 4 shows the Brayton cycle pressure and volumetric displacement graph curves 41 respectively, and the pressure-volumetric displacement graph curves of the binary-isobaric-adiabatic cycle 44.
  • Figure 5 shows a mechanical model of the Brayton 51 cycle turbine engine with its respective thermodynamic cycle 52, a mechanical model of the binary-isobaric-adiabatic cycle 53 turbine engine with its respective thermodynamic cycle 54 forming a cycle system.
  • Figure 6 shows in more detail a Brayton 61 cycle turbine engine model, with its main parts, and a binary-isobaric-adiabatic cycle turbine engine model 62, with its main parts.
  • Figure 7 shows the diagram of a power generation plant with its main elements.
  • Figure 8 shows an example of applying a system formed by two cycles, together forming a combined cycle for the same purpose.
  • the combined-cycle engine is a system composed of a motor concept based on the open thermodynamic system, the Brayton cycle, designed in the 19th century, with a motor based on the hybrid thermodynamic system, the non-differential binary-isobaric-adiabatic cycle. , idealized in the 21st century, that the energy discarded by the first, the Brayton cycle motor, is the energy that drives the second, the binary cycle motor.
  • FIG. 3 shows the system that forms the combined cycle motor, which consists of the integration of two motors, each with its thermodynamic cycle, one of them being based on the open thermodynamic system and the other based on the hybrid thermodynamic system.
  • one of the Brayton cycle units is powered by the primary power source 315 and comprises a Brayton cycle motor 320 and the other unit is powered by the exhaust energy of the first and comprises a isobaric three-process binary cycle motor and four adiabatic processes 319, having the exhausted, discarded energy of the Brayton cycle unit thermally coupled to the power input of the binary cycle unit by means of a heat exchanger 32, with the exhausting, discarded energy of the binary cycle unit supply , from the output of heat exchanger 32, thermally coupled by another heat exchanger 311, transferring part of the energy to pressurized air by the Brayton cycle unit compression rotor 314, with the function of recovering part of the waste heat and both systems mechanically interconnected by the same power axis 310 or indirectly interconnected having the conversions of both, summe
  • FIG. 4 the graphs of the pressure and volumetric displacement that together form the combined cycle are shown, a process composed by the combination of two cycles, one Brayton and another binary-isobaric-adiabatic, where the first cycle, the Brayton cycle is formed by four processes, or also called thermodynamic transformations, being two isobaric processes and two adiabatic processes 41, all occurring simultaneously, and is formed in the following sequence, an isobaric expansion (1 -2) and input process 42, an adiabatic expansion process (2-3), an isobaric compression (3-4) and energy, heat 43, and an adiabatic compression process (4-1), and where the second cycle, the binary-isobaric-adiabatic cycle is formed by seven processes, or also called thermodynamic transformations, being three isobaric processes and four processes 44, all occurring simultaneously, and having the following formation, a process or transformation of high temperature heating (ab) isobaric expansion of the energy conversion and conservation systems, with the gas fraction ( ⁇ ) of the subsystem
  • the conservation gas only receives power from the
  • Table 1 shows the four processes (1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-1) that form the Brayton cycle, shown step by step, with two isobaric processes and two adiabatic processes.
  • Table 2 shows the seven processes (ab, bc, b-c ', cd, c'-d', da, d'a) that form the non-differential binary-isobaric-adiabatic cycle, shown step by step. step, with three isobaric processes and four adiabatic processes.
  • Figure 5 shows a mechanical model of Brayton cycle turbine engine 51 indicating the combustion chamber inlet (1), the combustion chamber outlet (2), the turbine outlet (3) and the air inlet in the compressor inlet, (4) and its respective thermodynamic cycle, 52, a circuit that carries heat from the Brayton cycle turbine engine exhaust to the heating chamber and from the isobaric process of the binary cycle turbine engine 53 indicating the chambers where perform the binary cycle processes and the binary cycle chart 54.
  • Figure 6 shows in more detail a Brayton 61 cycle turbine engine model with its main parts, the rotor assembly forming the compressor 63, the combustion chamber 64, the turbine rotor assembly 65 and the exhaust chamber with the heat exchanger that is the source of the energy of the binary cycle turbine engine 66.
  • the same figure shows a model of the binary-isobaric-adiabatic cycle turbine, 62, with its main parts, the set of rotors forming the compressor of the power conversion unit 67, the set of rotors forming the compressor of the power conservation unit 68, the chamber where the isobaric heating process is performed 69, the three-way control valve assembly 610, the rotor assembly that forms the turbine of the power conservation system 61 1, the rotor assembly that forms the power conversion system turbine 612 and the chamber where the isobaric cooling process is performed 61 3.
  • Figure 7 shows the diagram containing the essential elements of a Brayton combined-cycle power generation plant, the input of energy, heat, 71, by the combustion chamber of the Brayton cycle unit, the cooling of the binary cycle unit. 72 which occurs in the isobaric cooling compression chamber, the combustion gas exhaust 73, the electricity generator 74, the starter motor 75 and the air inlet 76 to the combustion chamber.
  • Figure 8 suggests a design of a Brayton 81 combined torque 82 propulsion system showing the combustion chamber of the Brayton unit 83, the exhaust chamber 84 with the heat exchanger for the binary unit, the chamber unit cooling fan 85 and propulsion elements 86.
  • the combined Brayton-binary-isobaric-adiabatic cycle is the junction of a cycle called Brayton of four processes that all take place simultaneously with a binary-isobaric-adiabatic cycle of seven processes which also all take place simultaneously and this system.
  • (Q ; ) represents the total energy input to the system, usually by combustion, in "Joule”
  • (n) represents the number of mol belonging to the Brayton cycle unit
  • (R) represents the universal constant of perfect gases
  • ⁇ T q ) represents the maximum gas temperature in "Kelvin” at process point (2)
  • (7 ⁇ r) represents the temperature at initial point (1) of the isobaric process
  • figure 4 represents the adiabatic expansion coefficient.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un moteur thermique de type à turbine à cycle combiné, formé par une unité fonctionnant avec le cycle de Brayton, relié et intégré à une autre unité fonctionnant avec le cycle binaire à trois processus isobares et quatre processus adiabatiques.
PCT/BR2018/050123 2017-04-25 2018-04-24 Moteur à turbine à cycle combiné brayton et binaire-isobare-adiabatique, et procédé de commande pour le cycle thermodynamique de ce moteur à turbine à cycle combiné WO2018195627A1 (fr)

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BRBR102017008560-0 2017-04-25
BR102017008560-0A BR102017008560A2 (pt) 2017-04-25 2017-04-25 motor turbina de ciclo combinado brayton e binário-isobárico- adiabático e processo de controle para o ciclo termodinâmico do motor turbina de ciclo combinado

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4204401A (en) * 1976-07-19 1980-05-27 The Hydragon Corporation Turbine engine with exhaust gas recirculation
JPH09144560A (ja) * 1995-11-24 1997-06-03 Toshiba Corp 水素燃焼ガスタービンプラントおよびその運転方法
EP1830052A1 (fr) * 2006-03-03 2007-09-05 Hubert Antoine Cycle combiné à air
CN203783657U (zh) * 2014-01-07 2014-08-20 孟宁 一种闭式三角循环高效发电设备
CN104533621A (zh) * 2015-01-06 2015-04-22 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 一种双燃料注蒸汽正逆燃气轮机联合循环
CN206036990U (zh) * 2016-09-14 2017-03-22 西安热工研究院有限公司 煤基双二氧化碳工质联合循环发电系统

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4204401A (en) * 1976-07-19 1980-05-27 The Hydragon Corporation Turbine engine with exhaust gas recirculation
JPH09144560A (ja) * 1995-11-24 1997-06-03 Toshiba Corp 水素燃焼ガスタービンプラントおよびその運転方法
EP1830052A1 (fr) * 2006-03-03 2007-09-05 Hubert Antoine Cycle combiné à air
CN203783657U (zh) * 2014-01-07 2014-08-20 孟宁 一种闭式三角循环高效发电设备
CN104533621A (zh) * 2015-01-06 2015-04-22 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 一种双燃料注蒸汽正逆燃气轮机联合循环
CN206036990U (zh) * 2016-09-14 2017-03-22 西安热工研究院有限公司 煤基双二氧化碳工质联合循环发电系统

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