WO2018176893A1 - 摩擦纳米发电机的能量管理电路和能量管理方法 - Google Patents

摩擦纳米发电机的能量管理电路和能量管理方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018176893A1
WO2018176893A1 PCT/CN2017/114253 CN2017114253W WO2018176893A1 WO 2018176893 A1 WO2018176893 A1 WO 2018176893A1 CN 2017114253 W CN2017114253 W CN 2017114253W WO 2018176893 A1 WO2018176893 A1 WO 2018176893A1
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Prior art keywords
electrode layer
friction
layer
pulse current
contact
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PCT/CN2017/114253
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王中林
程纲
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北京纳米能源与系统研究所
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Application filed by 北京纳米能源与系统研究所 filed Critical 北京纳米能源与系统研究所
Priority to KR1020197031448A priority Critical patent/KR102269649B1/ko
Priority to EP17902950.9A priority patent/EP3609071A4/en
Priority to US16/499,598 priority patent/US11342781B2/en
Priority to JP2019553431A priority patent/JP6936870B2/ja
Publication of WO2018176893A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018176893A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
    • H02N1/04—Friction generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/32—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from a charging set comprising a non-electric prime mover rotating at constant speed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
    • H02N1/06—Influence generators
    • H02N1/08—Influence generators with conductive charge carrier, i.e. capacitor machines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, and more particularly to energy management circuits and management methods for frictional nanogenerators that can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
  • Mechanical energy is a widespread form of energy, including waves, wind energy, kinetic energy of various moving objects, and human activities such as walking, running, and jumping. Although these mechanical energy are widespread, they are often overlooked, and there is no effective means of collection to use them, which is usually wasted.
  • the principles utilized by generators that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy are mainly electrostatic induction, electromagnetic induction and piezoelectric properties of special materials.
  • the electrostatic induction generator that has been invented has the disadvantages of large volume and narrow applicability, and electromagnetic induction generators and piezoelectric generators generally have defects such as complicated structure, special requirements on materials, and high cost.
  • Friction nanogenerators are a new type of recently invented method of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.
  • the friction nano-generator has the disadvantages of small output current and low output power, and its energy storage efficiency is very low, which is difficult to be practical.
  • the present disclosure relates to an energy management method for converting a friction nano-generator output into an instantaneous high-power electrical pulse by using a pulse current control switch, which can store the electrostatic energy generated by the friction nano-generator for high efficiency, and can provide continuous operation for the electronic device. power supply.
  • an energy management circuit for a friction nano-generator including: a pulse current control switch, an intermediate energy storage element, and a target energy storage element, wherein
  • a pulse current control switch for instantaneously turning on the two electrode layers after the movement of the two opposite moving portions of the frictional nanogenerator causes an induced static charge between the two electrode layers of the frictional nanogenerator Instantaneous pulse current
  • An intermediate energy storage element for storing electrical energy of the instantaneous pulse current
  • a target energy storage component for storing electrical energy output by the intermediate energy storage component.
  • the pulse current control switch is disposed such that when the potential difference between the two electrode layers is maximized, the pulse current control switch is closed.
  • the two pulse current control switches are included, and each of the pulse current control switches individually controls the instantaneous connection of the two electrode layers;
  • the pulse current control switch is a contact switch, comprising two contacts and two contact ends, the contacts and the contact ends are respectively disposed on two opposite moving parts of the friction nano-generator, The relative movement of the frictional nanogenerator is synchronously relative to the contact end; wherein two of the contacts are connected to the intermediate energy storage element; the two contact ends are respectively associated with the two electrode layers Connected; the contact switch is closed when the two contacts are in contact with the two contact ends.
  • two of said contact switches are included, and two of said contact switches share said two contacts.
  • the intermediate energy storage component is an inductance component.
  • the inductance of the inductive component ranges between 1 ⁇ H and 100H, preferably between 1 mH and 50H, more preferably between 100 mH and 20H.
  • the target energy storage component is a capacitive component.
  • the capacitive element is connected to the diode and connected in parallel with the intermediate energy storage element.
  • the capacitive element has a capacitance ranging between 1 ⁇ F and 100 mF, preferably between 100 ⁇ F and 50 mF, more preferably between 500 ⁇ F and 20 mF.
  • the friction nanogenerator comprises two electrode layers, and the basic motion modes of the two relative moving parts are: vertical contact separation mode (CS), parallel sliding mode (LS), single electrode contact structure (SEC), friction Layer Free Moving Structure (SFT) or Contact Friction Layer Free Moving Structure (CFT).
  • CS vertical contact separation mode
  • LS parallel sliding mode
  • SEC single electrode contact structure
  • SFT friction Layer Free Moving Structure
  • CFT Contact Friction Layer Free Moving Structure
  • the present disclosure also provides an energy management method for a friction nano-generator, including the steps of:
  • the electrical energy in the intermediate energy storage element is transferred to the target energy storage element.
  • turning on the two electrode layers to generate a transient pulse current is achieved by providing a pulse current control switch in two opposite moving portions of the frictional nanogenerator.
  • the electrical energy of the transient pulse current is stored in the inductive component.
  • the electrical energy in the inductive component is transferred into the capacitive component and a diode is provided to control the direction of the current.
  • the mechanical switch is used to trigger the energy conversion and storage process, which avoids the introduction of complex switch control circuits, reduces the use cost, and increases the application range and flexibility.
  • the setting of the pulse current control switch can greatly improve the output current and output power under the condition of using the same friction nano-generator, and expands the application of the friction nano-generator in high current and high power.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy management circuit of a friction nano-generator provided by the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a basic motion mode of a friction nano-generator
  • 3-7 are schematic structural views of an embodiment of a friction nanogenerator and a contact switch
  • 8 to 12 are schematic diagrams showing the circuit structure of a friction nano-generator applied to an energy management circuit
  • Figure 13 is a graph of energy storage efficiency over time in a particular energy management circuit.
  • the energy management circuit of the friction nano-generator includes a pulse current control switch, an intermediate energy storage element and a target energy storage element, wherein a pulse current control switch is used in the friction nanometer.
  • the movement of the two opposite moving parts of the generator TENG causes an instantaneous static charge to be generated between the two electrode layers of the frictional nanogenerator, and instantaneously turns on the two electrode layers to generate an instantaneous pulse current;
  • the intermediate energy storage element is used for And storing the electrical energy of the instantaneous pulse current;
  • the target energy storage component is configured to store the electrical energy output by the intermediate energy storage component.
  • the pulse current control switch is based on the movement of the two relative moving parts of the friction nanogenerator TENG itself to cause the pulse current control switch to generate two states of "off” and “close” for controlling the generation of the current; When the current control switch is closed, an instantaneous high current, high power electrical pulse is generated between the two electrode layers.
  • the setting of the pulse current control switch can overcome the shortcoming of the output current of the friction nano-generator, output the instantaneous pulse large current, improve the instantaneous output power, and pulse the intermediate energy storage component with the inductive performance.
  • the energy of the large current is transferred to the target energy storage element having charge storage performance, and the efficient energy storage of the friction nano-generator TENG is realized by introducing the element having the inductive characteristic as an intermediary of the energy conversion and storage process.
  • the existing friction nano power generation structure is applicable, and five basic structures or motion modes are listed here, as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • CS Vertical Contact Separation Mode
  • LS Parallel Sliding Mode
  • SEC Single Electrode Contact Structure
  • SFT Sliding Friction Layer Free Moving Structure
  • CFT Contact Friction Layer Free Moving Structure
  • the first component includes a friction layer a2 and a first electrode layer a1 disposed on the friction layer a2, and the second component includes The second electrode layer a3, when the first member and the second member are in perpendicular contact with each other and separated from each other, the second electrode layer a3 simultaneously serves as another friction layer, which is in contact with and separated from the friction layer a2, and the material of the friction layer a2 and the second The material of the electrode layer a3 is different.
  • the first electrode layer a1 and the second electrode layer a3 are connected to the pulse current control switch K, and the friction layer a2 and the second electrode layer a3 are separated from each other such that the first electrode layer a1 and the second electrode layer a3 are When the potential difference (charge amount) is the largest, the pulse current control switch K is closed, and a transient pulse current is output between the first electrode layer a1 and the second electrode layer a3 to the intermediate energy storage element.
  • the structure of the parallel sliding mode (LS) friction nanogenerator is shown in Fig. 2b.
  • the first component includes a friction layer b2 and a first electrode layer b1 disposed on the friction layer b2, and the second component includes a second component.
  • the electrode layer b3 when the first member and the second member slide parallel to each other, the second electrode layer b3 simultaneously serves as another friction layer, slidingly rubs against the friction layer b2, the material of the friction layer b2 and the material of the second electrode layer b3 Differently, the first electrode layer b1 and the second electrode layer b2 are output ends of the friction nano-generator, and the pulse current control switch K is connected, and the friction layer b2 and the second electrode layer b3 slide frictionally with each other to make the first electrode layer b1 and When the potential difference (charge amount) between the second electrode layers b3 is the largest, the pulse current control switch K is closed, and a transient pulse current is output between the first electrode layer b1 and the second electrode layer b3 to the intermediate energy storage element.
  • the structure of a single electrode contact structure (SEC) friction nanogenerator is shown in Fig. 2c.
  • the first part comprises a friction layer c2
  • the second part comprises a first electrode layer c1 and a second electrode layer or an equipotential c3
  • the material of the friction layer c2 is different from the material of the first electrode layer c1
  • the first electrode layer c1 and the second electrode layer C3 is the output end of the friction nano-generator, connected with the pulse current control switch K
  • the frictional displacement between the friction layer c2 and the second electrode layer c3 is mutually displaced, so that the potential difference between the first electrode layer c1 and the second electrode layer c3 (charge amount)
  • the pulse current control switch K is closed, and a transient pulse current is output between the first electrode layer c1 and the second electrode layer c3
  • the first part comprises a friction layer d2
  • the second part comprises a first electrode layer d1 and a second electrode layer d3 which are separated from each other
  • the friction layer is when the first part and the second part slide each other D2 slides from the first electrode layer d1 to the second electrode layer d3, the first electrode layer d1 and the second electrode layer d3 serve as another friction layer
  • the material of the friction layer d2 and the first electrode layer d1 and the second electrode layer d3 Different materials, the first electrode layer d1 and the second electrode layer d2 are connected to the pulse current control switch K, and when the friction layer d2 slides between the first electrode layer d1 and the second electrode layer d3, the first electrode layer d1 and the first electrode layer
  • the pulse current control switch K is closed, and a transient pulse current is output between the first electrode
  • the first component includes a friction layer e2, and the second component includes first electrode layers e1 and second separated from each other.
  • the electrode layer e3, the friction layer e2 is disposed between the first electrode layer e1 and the second electrode layer e3, and the friction layer e2 moves between the two electrode layers and is separated from the two electrode layers, and the first electrode layer d1 or
  • the second electrode layer d3 serves as another friction layer, the material of the friction layer e2 is different from the materials of the first electrode layer e1 and the second electrode layer e3, and the first electrode layer e1 and the second electrode layer e3 are connected to the pulse current control switch K,
  • the pulse current control switch K is Closed, a transient pulse current is output between the first electrode layer e1 and the second electrode layer e3 to the
  • the sliding friction layer free moving structure (SFT) and the contact friction layer free moving structure (CFT) are frictional nanogenerators with friction layer free moving mode.
  • Four modes of operation for frictional nanogenerators have been demonstrated, each with different structural designs and material choices to accommodate the corresponding mechanical triggering conditions.
  • the five structures of the friction nanogenerator shown in Figure 2 can be combined with the pulse current control switch to generate the instantaneous pulse current.
  • the following is a sliding friction layer free moving structure (SFT) friction nanogenerator as an example to introduce the friction nanogenerator.
  • SFT sliding friction layer free moving structure
  • the energy management circuit and energy management method, and the other four structures of the friction nano-generator can be referred to.
  • the pulse current control switch adopts a contact switch
  • the intermediate energy storage component adopts Inductive components
  • target energy storage components use capacitive components.
  • Other switches and inductive components may be selected in other embodiments, as long as the same functions can be implemented, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosure.
  • the capacitive component can be a commonly used electrical energy storage component such as a capacitor or a battery.
  • FIG. 3 is a typical structure of a sliding friction layer free-moving structure (SFT) friction nano-generator TENG, comprising: a first substrate 401, a first friction layer 402 disposed on a lower surface of the first substrate 401; a second substrate 501, a second a first and second electrode layers 502, 503 as a friction layer disposed on an upper surface of the substrate; two contact switches, the first contact switch including contact terminals 101, 201, and the second contact switch including contact terminals 102, 202, and Two contacts 301, 302 shared by the two switches; wherein the two contacts 301, 302 are connected to the upper surface of the first substrate and are movable along with the first substrate 401, and the contact ends 101, 102 are both connected to the first electrode
  • the layer 502 is in communication, and the contact ends 201, 202 are all in communication with the second electrode layer 503; when the contacts 301, 302 are in contact with any one of the contact ends 101, 202 or the contact ends 102,
  • the two contact ends 101, 201, and 102, 202 of the two contact switches are fixed in various ways in the friction nano-generator, and are not particularly limited herein, and only need to satisfy the distance between the two contact ends.
  • the contacts 301 and 302 are respectively in contact with the two contact ends.
  • the structure of the contact switch has various options.
  • the contact may be a contact or a striker, and the contact end may be a contact or a contact.
  • the material of the contacts 301, 302 or the two contact ends 101, 201 (and 102, 202) may be selected from a metal or an alloy; the metal is selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium.
  • the alloy is selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium alloys, stainless steel.
  • the contact and the first substrate are connected by an insulating material, and the insulating material may be organic glass and bonded by hot melt adhesive.
  • the first substrate moves laterally, causing the lower surface of the first friction layer 402 to slide on the upper surface of the second friction layer 502, 503, and the first substrate is not subjected to an external force.
  • the contacts 301, 302 are in the middle position of the second friction layer in the natural state; under the external force, the first substrate slides to the one side with respect to the second substrate 501, so that the contacts 301, 302 and Contact end 102, 202 Contact (forms the state shown in FIG.
  • the first electrode layer 502 is in communication with the second electrode layer 503, and the intermediate energy storage element is connected; when the first substrate is opposite to the second substrate The side slides to bring the contacts 301, 302 into contact with the contact terminals 101, 201 (forming the state shown in Fig. 7), at which time the contact switch is closed, and the first electrode layer 502 and the second electrode layer 502 are again in communication.
  • the contacts 301, 302 are not in contact with any one of the two contact ends (the first contact end 101, 201 and the second contact end 102, 202), so that the first electrode Layer 502 and second electrode layer 503 are disconnected, at which point the frictional nanogenerator is in an open state, as shown in Figures 4 and 6.
  • the movable distance of the contacts 301, 302 is not less than a set distance between the contact ends 101, 201 and 102, 202 of the two switches.
  • the contact switch is disposed such that when the potential difference (charge accumulation) between the two electrode layers is maximized, the contact switch is closed.
  • the movable distance of the contacts 301, 302 is equal to the set distance between the contact ends 101, 201 and 102, 202, that is, when the first substrate lower surface and the second substrate upper surface are in contact with the right side.
  • the contacts 301, 302 are in contact with the contact ends 101, 201 of the first switch; when the lower surface of the first substrate is in contact with the upper surface of the second substrate on the left side, the contact ends of the contacts 301, 302 and the second switch 102, 202 contact.
  • the set distance between the contact ends of the two switches may be 50 mm to 200 mm.
  • the electrical output of the friction nanogenerator is controlled by the contact switch during the reciprocating motion of the two portions of the friction nanogenerator.
  • the contact switch When the contact switch is opened, the friction nano-generator is in an open state, and no current is generated on the load; when the contact switch is closed, the friction nano-generator is in a closed state and generates an instantaneous high-power output.
  • each contact switch individually controls the two electrode layers 502 and 503 of the friction nanogenerator 7 to instantaneously communicate; when the two contact switches are respectively closed, the intermediate energy storage element (inductive element 4) The end is opposite to the connection of the two electrode layers 502 and 503 to ensure that the direction of current generated in the inductive element is the same, and the direction of the arrows in FIGS. 9 to 12 indicates the direction of current flow.
  • the first friction layer 402 and the second friction layer 502, 503 need to satisfy that there is a friction electrode sequence difference between the material of the first friction layer 402 and the material of the second friction layer 502, 503.
  • the material of the first friction layer 402 may be an insulator material or a semiconductor material, such as a conventional high molecular polymer such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide or the like.
  • the second friction layer 502, 503 is two electrode layers, and a common conductive material such as metal gold, silver, platinum, ITO or the like can be used.
  • the first substrate and the second substrate are components for providing support for the first friction layer and the first and second electrode layers, and the material selection of the first substrate is not particularly required, and may be a conductor, an insulator or a semiconductor, such as an aluminum plate or silicon.
  • the material of the second substrate is required to be an insulator.
  • the first substrate and the second substrate may be a flexible substrate or a rigid substrate such as a rubber or glass plate.
  • the insulating material is preferably selected from insulating materials such as glass, plexiglass, polyethylene sheet or polyvinyl chloride.
  • the friction nano-generator energy management circuit of the present disclosure has a simple structure, a simple preparation method, and no special requirements on materials. In actual use, it can be applied to collect ocean waves, wind energy, machinery and human body by simply fixing and encapsulating. Mechanical energy generated by sports, etc., has a wide range of practical uses.
  • the inductance L of the inductive component may range between 1 ⁇ H and 100 H, preferably between 1 mH and 50 H, more preferably between 100 mH and 20 H.
  • Capacitance component C range It may be between 1 ⁇ F and 100 mF, preferably between 100 ⁇ F and 50 mF, more preferably between 500 ⁇ F and 20 mF.
  • the contact and the contact end of the contact switch each adopt a contact piece, and when the contact piece of the contact contacts the contact piece of the contact end, the contact switch is closed.
  • the contact between the two contacts has a larger contact area, which reduces the contact resistance of the contact switch and is suitable for high current output. Referring to the friction nanogenerator of FIG.
  • the contacts 301, 302 of the contact switch are contacts, and the contact ends 101, 201 and 102, 202 of the two switches are contacts and are fixed on the switch bracket, when the contact and the arbitrarily When the contact end of one switch contacts, the contact switch is closed, the first electrode layer 502 is in communication with the second electrode layer 503; when the contacts 301, 302 are not in contact with the contact ends 101, 201 of the first switch and the second switch When any one of the pads 102, 202 comes into contact, the first electrode layer 502 and the second electrode layer 503 are disconnected.
  • the contact switch can also be in contact with the contact, only the two contact ends in the above example are changed to contacts, and other materials and structures are the same as in the above example. It will not be repeated here.
  • the contact switch with a striker or contact and contact contact can achieve stable contact in a shorter time and increase the speed of the contact switch, making it suitable for high frequency output.
  • the contact of the contact switch has elasticity. When the contact piece contacts the contact piece (or the striker, the contact, etc.), the contact piece is elastically deformed to ensure good electrical contact between the contact and the contact end.
  • the present disclosure also provides an energy management method for a friction nano-generator, including the steps of:
  • the electrical energy in the intermediate energy storage element is transferred to the target energy storage element.
  • Turning on the two electrode layers to generate a transient pulse current can be achieved by providing a pulse current control switch such as a contact switch in two opposite moving portions of the frictional nanogenerator.
  • a pulse current control switch such as a contact switch in two opposite moving portions of the frictional nanogenerator.
  • the electrical energy of the transient pulse current may be stored in the inductive component.
  • electrical energy in the inductive component can be transmitted through the diode Into the capacitive element.
  • the capacitive element 5 is connected to the diode 6 and connected in parallel with the intermediate energy storage element inductance element 4.
  • the first substrate 401, the second substrate 501, and the switch holder are processed by laser cutting using plexiglass as a material.
  • a PTFE (Teflon) film is adhered to the lower surface of the first substrate 401 as the first friction layer 402; then a 100 nm thickness is deposited on the upper surface of the second substrate 501 by magnetron sputtering.
  • the Au film serves as the first electrode layer 502 and the second electrode layer 503, and the two electrode layers are separated by a gap therebetween, and the electrode layers 502 and 503 serve as the second friction layer.
  • Figure 13 is a graph showing the energy storage efficiency (Time(s)) of the fabricated friction nanogenerator in the energy management circuit. With the extension of time, the storage efficiency gradually increases to a gentle level, and the voltage is charged to 10V. When the voltage is charged to 24V, the total storage efficiency reaches 60%; when the voltage is charged to 41V, the total storage efficiency reaches 70%; the differential storage efficiency increases with the increase of voltage, and is stored after 22V. The efficiency reached 79%.

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  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
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  • General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)

Abstract

一种摩擦纳米发电机的能量管理电路和能量管理方法，该能量管理电路包括：脉冲电流控制开关、中间储能元件和目标储能元件，其中，脉冲电流控制开关，用于在所述摩擦纳米发电机的两个相对运动部分的移动使摩擦纳米发电机的两个电极层之间产生感应静电荷后，瞬时接通所述两个电极层产生瞬间脉冲电流；中间储能元件，用于存储所述瞬间脉冲电流的电能；目标储能元件，用于存储所述中间储能元件输出的电能。脉冲电流控制开关的设置克服摩擦纳米发电机的输出电流小的缺点，输出瞬时脉冲大电流，提高了瞬时输出功率，通过引入具有感抗特性的元件作为能量转换和存储过程的中介来实现摩擦纳米发电机TENG的高效能量存储。

Description

摩擦纳米发电机的能量管理电路和能量管理方法 技术领域
本公开涉及将机械能转变为电能的技术领域，特别是涉及可以将机械能转化为电能的摩擦纳米发电机的能量管理电路和管理方法。
背景技术
机械能是广泛存在的能量形式，包括海浪、风能、各种运动物体的动能，以及人体活动如步行、跑动、跳动等形式。这些机械能虽然广泛存在，但是常常被忽视，没有有效的收集手段加以利用，通常被浪费。
目前，机械能转化为电能的发电机所利用的原理主要有静电感应，电磁感应和特殊材料的压电性能等。然而，已经发明的静电感应发电机，存在体积大、适用性窄等缺点，电磁感应发电机和压电发电机则普遍存在结构复杂，对材料有特殊要求和成本较高等缺陷。摩擦纳米发电机是最近发明的一种新型的将机械能转化为电能的方式。但是，摩擦纳米发电机存在输出电流和输出功率小的缺点，将其能量进行存储效率很低，难于实用。
发明内容
本公开涉及一种利用脉冲电流控制开关将摩擦纳米发电机输出转化为瞬时大功率的电学脉冲的能量管理方法，能够将摩擦纳米发电机产生的静电能进行高效率存储，可以为电子器件提供持续电源。
为实现上述目的，本公开提供一种摩擦纳米发电机的能量管理电路，包括：脉冲电流控制开关、中间储能元件和目标储能元件，其中，
脉冲电流控制开关，用于在所述摩擦纳米发电机的两个相对运动部分的移动使摩擦纳米发电机的两个电极层之间产生感应静电荷后，瞬时接通所述两个电极层产生瞬间脉冲电流；
中间储能元件，用于存储所述瞬间脉冲电流的电能；
目标储能元件，用于存储所述中间储能元件输出的电能。
优选的，所述脉冲电流控制开关的设置位置，使所述两个电极层之间的电势差最大时，所述脉冲电流控制开关闭合。
优选的，包括两个所述脉冲电流控制开关，每个所述脉冲电流控制开关单独控制所述两个电极层瞬时连通；
在两个所述脉冲电流控制开关分别闭合时，所述中间储能元件两端与所述两个电极层的连接相反。
优选的，所述脉冲电流控制开关为接触式开关，包括两个触头和两个接触端，所述触头和接触端分别设置在所述摩擦纳米发电机的两个相对运动部分，随着所述摩擦纳米发电机的相对运动所述触头和接触端同步相对运动；其中，两个所述触头连接所述中间储能元件；所述两个接触端分别与所述两个电极层连通；当所述两个触头与所述两个接触端接触时，所述接触式开关闭合。
优选的，包括两个所述接触式开关，并且两个所述接触式开关共用所述两个触头。
优选的，所述中间储能元件为电感元件。
优选的，所述电感元件的电感范围在1μH到100H之间，其中优选在1mH到50H之间，更优选在100mH到20H之间。
优选的，所述目标储能元件为电容元件。
优选的，所述电容元件与二极管连接后与所述中间储能元件并联连接。
优选的，所述电容元件的电容范围在1μF到100mF之间，其中优选在100μF到50mF之间，更优选在500μF到20mF之间之间。
优选的，所述摩擦纳米发电机包括两个电极层，两个相对运动部分的基本运动模式为：垂直接触分离模式(CS)、平行滑动模式(LS)、单电极接触结构(SEC)、摩擦层自由移动结构(SFT)或接触式摩擦层自由移动结构(CFT)。
相应的，本公开还提供一种摩擦纳米发电机的能量管理方法，包括步骤：
摩擦纳米发电机的两个相对运动部分的移动使摩擦纳米发电机的 两个电极层之间产生感应静电荷；
接通所述两个电极层产生瞬间脉冲电流，将所述瞬间脉冲电流的电能存储在中间储能元件中；
将所述中间储能元件中的电能传输到目标储能元件中。
优选的，通过在所述摩擦纳米发电机的两个相对运动部分设置脉冲电流控制开关实现接通所述两个电极层产生瞬间脉冲电流。
优选的，将所述瞬间脉冲电流的电能存储在电感元件中。
优选的，将所述电感元件中的电能传输到电容元件中，并设置二极管控制电流方向。
与现有技术相比，本公开具有下列有益效果：
1、通过采用电感等具有感抗特性的原件作为能量存储的中介，提高能量从摩擦纳米发电机存储到电容、电池等储能原件的存储效率。
2、以机械开关来触发能量的转换和存储过程，避免了引入复杂的开关控制电路，降低了使用成本，增大了应用范围和灵活性。
3、脉冲电流控制开关的设置，在使用相同的摩擦纳米发电机的情况下，可以极大地提高输出电流和输出功率，扩展了摩擦纳米发电机在大电流、大功率方面的应用。
附图说明
通过附图所示，本公开的上述及其它目的、特征和优势将更加清晰。在全部附图中相同的附图标记指示相同的部分。并未刻意按实际尺寸等比例缩放绘制附图，重点在于示出本公开的主旨。
图1为本公开提供的摩擦纳米发电机的能量管理电路的结构示意图；
图2为摩擦纳米发电机的基本运动模式的结构示意图；
图3～7为摩擦纳米发电机和接触式开关的一个实施例的结构示意图；
图8～12为摩擦纳米发电机应用于能量管理电路的电路结构示意图；
图13为具体能量管理电路中能量储存效率随时间变化的曲线。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本公开实施示例中的附图，对本公开实施示例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施示例仅是本公开一部分实施示例，而不是全部的实施示例。基于本公开中的实施示例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施示例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
其次，本公开结合示意图进行详细描述，在详述本公开实施示例时，为便于说明，所述示意图只是示例，不应限制本公开保护的范围。
本公开提供的摩擦纳米发电机的能量管理电路，典型结构参见图1，包括：脉冲电流控制开关、中间储能元件和目标储能元件，其中，脉冲电流控制开关，用于在所述摩擦纳米发电机TENG的两个相对运动部分的移动使摩擦纳米发电机的两个电极层之间产生感应静电荷后，瞬时接通所述两个电极层产生瞬间脉冲电流；中间储能元件，用于存储所述瞬间脉冲电流的电能；目标储能元件，用于存储所述中间储能元件输出的电能。
脉冲电流控制开关基于摩擦纳米发电机TENG自身的两个相对运动部分的移动使脉冲电流控制开关产生“断开”和“闭合”两个不同的状态，对电流的产生起到控制所用；使得脉冲电流控制开关闭合时，在两个电极层之间产生一个瞬时的大电流、大功率的电学脉冲。
本公开的能量管理电路，脉冲电流控制开关的设置可以克服摩擦纳米发电机的输出电流小的缺点，输出瞬时脉冲大电流，提高了瞬时输出功率，通过具有感抗性能的中间储能元件将脉冲大电流的能量传输给具有电荷存储性能的目标储能元件，通过引入具有感抗特性的元件作为能量转换和存储过程的中介来实现摩擦纳米发电机TENG的高效能量存储。
本公开提供的摩擦纳米发电机的能量管理电路中，已有的摩擦纳米发电结构均适用，这里列出5种基本结构或运动模式，见图2。
五种基本的结构为垂直接触分离模式(CS)、平行滑动模式(LS)、单电极接触结构(SEC)、滑动式摩擦层自由移动结构(SFT)和接触式摩擦层自由移动结构(CFT)。下面参照附图具体介绍每种模式摩擦纳米 发电机的典型结构：
垂直接触分离模式(CS)摩擦纳米发电机的结构参见图2a，两个相对运动部件中，第一部件包括摩擦层a2和设置在摩擦层a2上的第一电极层a1，第二部件包括第二电极层a3，在第一部件与第二部件互相垂直接触分离相对运动时，第二电极层a3同时充当另一个摩擦层，与摩擦层a2互相接触和分离，摩擦层a2的材料与第二电极层a3的材料不同，第一电极层a1和第二电极层a3连接脉冲电流控制开关K，在摩擦层a2与第二电极层a3互相分离使第一电极层a1和第二电极层a3之间的电势差(电荷量)最大时，脉冲电流控制开关K闭合，第一电极层a1和第二电极层a3之间向中间储能元件输出瞬间脉冲电流。
平行滑动模式(LS)摩擦纳米发电机的结构参见图2b，两个相对运动部件中，第一部件包括摩擦层b2和设置在摩擦层b2上的第一电极层b1，第二部件包括第二电极层b3，在第一部件与第二部件互相平行滑动时，第二电极层b3同时充当另一个摩擦层，与摩擦层b2互相滑动摩擦，摩擦层b2的材料与第二电极层b3的材料不同，第一电极层b1和第二电极层b2为摩擦纳米发电机的输出端，连接脉冲电流控制开关K，在摩擦层b2与第二电极层b3互相滑动摩擦错位使第一电极层b1和第二电极层b3之间的电势差(电荷量)最大时，脉冲电流控制开关K闭合，第一电极层b1和第二电极层b3之间向中间储能元件输出瞬间脉冲电流。
单电极接触结构(SEC)摩擦纳米发电机的结构参见图2c，两个相对运动部件中，第一部件包括摩擦层c2，第二部件包括第一电极层c1和第二电极层或等电位c3，在摩擦层c2与第二部件的第一电极层c1互相垂直接触分离或者相对滑动运动时，摩擦层c2的材料与第一电极层c1的材料不同，第一电极层c1和第二电极层c3为摩擦纳米发电机的输出端，连接脉冲电流控制开关K，在摩擦层c2与第二电极层c3互相滑动摩擦错位使第一电极层c1和第二电极层c3之间的电势差(电荷量)最大时，脉冲电流控制开关K闭合，第一电极层c1和第二电极层c3之间向中间储能元件输出瞬间脉冲电流。
滑动式摩擦层自由移动结构(SFT)摩擦纳米发电机的结构参见图 2d，两个相对运动部件中，第一部件包括摩擦层d2，第二部件包括互相分隔的第一电极层d1和第二电极层d3，在第一部件与第二部件互相滑动时，摩擦层d2从第一电极层d1滑动到第二电极层d3，第一电极层d1和第二电极层d3充当另一个摩擦层，摩擦层d2的材料与第一电极层d1和第二电极层d3的材料不同，第一电极层d1和第二电极层d2连接脉冲电流控制开关K，在摩擦层d2在第一电极层d1和第二电极层d3之间滑动时，使第一电极层d1和第二电极层d3之间的电势差(电荷量)最大时，脉冲电流控制开关K闭合，第一电极层d1和第二电极层d3之间向中间储能元件输出瞬间脉冲电流。
接触式摩擦层自由移动结构(CFT)摩擦纳米发电机的结构参见图2e，两个相对运动部件中，第一部件包括摩擦层e2，第二部件包括互相分隔的第一电极层e1和第二电极层e3，摩擦层e2设置在第一电极层e1和第二电极层e3之间，摩擦层e2在两个电极层之间运动分别与两个电极层互相接触分离，第一电极层d1或第二电极层d3充当另一个摩擦层，摩擦层e2的材料与第一电极层e1和第二电极层e3的材料不同，第一电极层e1和第二电极层e3连接脉冲电流控制开关K，在摩擦层e2在两个电极层之间运动分别与两个电极层互相接触分离，使第一电极层e1和第二电极层e3之间的电势差(电荷量)最大时，脉冲电流控制开关K闭合，第一电极层e1和第二电极层e3之间向中间储能元件输出瞬间脉冲电流。
滑动式摩擦层自由移动结构(SFT)和接触式摩擦层自由移动结构(CFT)均为摩擦层自由移动模式的摩擦纳米发电机。摩擦纳米发电机的四种工作模式已经被证实，每种模式有不同的结构设计和材料选择，以适应相应的机械触发条件。
图2中所示的5种结构的摩擦纳米发电机均可以与脉冲电流控制开关结合产生瞬时脉冲电流，下面以滑动式摩擦层自由移动结构(SFT)摩擦纳米发电机为例介绍摩擦纳米发电机的能量管理电路和能量管理方法，另外4种结构的摩擦纳米发电机可以参考。
本实施例中脉冲电流控制开关采用接触式开关，中间储能元件采用 电感元件，目标储能元件采用电容元件。在其他实施例中可以选择其他开关和电感元件，只要能够实现相同的功能即可，不应作为对本公开保护范围的限制。电容元件可以为电容、电池等常用的电能储存元件。
图3是滑动式摩擦层自由移动结构(SFT)摩擦纳米发电机TENG的典型结构，包括：第一基板401，第一基板401下表面设置的第一摩擦层402；第二基板501，第二基板上表面设置的作为摩擦层的第一、二电极层502、503；两个接触式开关，第一接触式开关包括接触端101、201，第二接触式开关包括接触端102、202，以及两个开关共用的两个触头301、302；其中，两个触头301、302连接在第一基板的上表面，并且能够跟随第一基板401运动，接触端101、102都与第一电极层502连通，接触端201、202都与第二电极层503连通；当触头301、302与接触端101、202或接触端102、202其中任何一个接触端发生接触时，接触式开关闭合；当接触式开关闭合时，第一电极层502与接触端101(或102)通过触头301、302之间和第二电极层503与接触端201(或202)之间有瞬间脉冲电信号输出。
本公开中，两个接触式开关的两个接触端101、201和102、202在摩擦纳米发电机的固定有多种方式，在这里不做特别限定，只需要满足两个接触端的距离能够使触头301、302与两个接触端分别接触即可，接触式开关的结构有多种选择，触头可以为触片或者撞针，接触端可以为触片或者触点。触头301、302或两个接触端101、201(和102、202)的材料可以选自金属或合金；所述金属选自金、银、铂、铝、镍、铜、钛、铬或硒；所述合金选自金、银、铂、铝、镍、铜、钛、铬或硒形成的合金、不锈钢。
触头与第一基板之间通过一绝缘材料连接，绝缘材料可以为有机玻璃，通过热熔胶粘接。当横向外力作用在第一基板401上时，第一基板横向移动，使第一摩擦层402的下表面在第二摩擦层502、503的上表面滑动，第一基板未受到外力作用的自然状态时，如图3所示，在自然状态时触头301、302处于第二摩擦层中间位置；在外力作用下，第一基板相对第二基板501向一侧滑动，使触头301、302与接触端102、202 接触(形成图5所示的状态)，此时接触式开关闭合，第一电极层502与第二电极层503连通，将中间储能元件接入；当第一基板相对第二基板向另一侧滑动，使触头301、302与接触端101、201接触(形成图7所示的状态)，此时接触式开关闭合，第一电极层502与第二电极层502再次连通。第一基板在滑动的过程中，触头301、302不与两个接触端(第一接触端101、201和第二接触端102、202)中的任何一个接触端发生接触，使第一电极层502和第二电极层503断开，此时摩擦纳米发电机处于断路状态，如图4、6所示。在第一基板的滑动中，所述触头301、302的可移动距离不小于所两个开关的接触端101、201和102、202之间的设定距离。优选的，所述接触式开关的设置位置，使两个电极层之间的电势差(电荷量积累)最大时，所述接触式开关闭合。此时，触头301、302的可移动距离等于接触端101、201和102、202之间的设定距离，也就是，当第一基板下表面与第二基板上表面之间在右侧接触对齐时，触头301、302与第一开关的接触端101、201接触；第一基板下表面与第二基板上表面在左侧接触对齐时，触头301、302与第二开关的接触端102、202接触。两个开关的接触端之间的设定距离可以为50mm到200mm。在摩擦纳米发电机的第一电极层502与接触式开关之间(或者在第二电极层503与接触式开关之间)作为摩擦纳米发电机的输出端连接需要供电的负载(中间储能元件如电感元件)，如图8所示，组成本公开的能量管理电路，在摩擦纳米发电机两部分的往复运动过程中，摩擦纳米发电机的电学输出受到接触开关的控制。当接触式开关断开时，摩擦纳米发电机处于断路状态，负载上没有电流产生；当接触式开关闭合的瞬间，摩擦纳米发电机处于闭路状态，并产生瞬时的大功率输出。
在上述能量管理电路中，当触头处于自然状态时，电路处于断路状态，如图8所示；当触头与一侧开关的接触端接触，如图9所示，触头301向接触端101以及302向201同时闭合，产生一瞬时的大电流及功率输出，同时由于电感元件4的存在，在接触式开关断开后，储存在电感元件4中的能量可以缓慢的释放出来，经过二极管6给电容器5继续 充电，如图10所示；当触头301向接触端201端以及302向202端同时闭合时，如图11所示，产生与一上述过程相同的瞬时大电流及功率输出；同样的储存在电感中的能量可以缓慢的释放出来，经过二极管6给电容器5继续充电，如图12所示。
两个接触式开关中，每个接触式开关单独控制摩擦纳米发电机7的两个电极层502和503瞬时连通；在两个接触式开关分别闭合时，中间储能元件(电感元件4)两端与两个电极层502和503的连接相反，以保证在电感元件中产生的电流方向相同，图9～12中箭头方向示意电流方向。
本公开的摩擦纳米发电机中，第一摩擦层402和第二摩擦层502、503需要满足：第一摩擦层402的材料与第二摩擦层502、503的材料存在摩擦电极序差异。
第一摩擦层402的材料可以为绝缘体材料或者半导体材料，例如常规的高分子聚合物，如聚四氟乙烯、聚二甲基硅氧烷、砷化镓、磷化镓等等材料。第二摩擦层502、503即两个电极层，可以采用常用导电材料，如金属金、银、铂、ITO等导电材料。
本公开中，第一基板与第二基板为第一摩擦层与第一、二电极层提供支撑的部件，第一基板的材料选择无特殊要求，可以为导体、绝缘体或半导体，例如铝板或硅片，第二基板的材料则要求为绝缘体。第一基板和第二基板可以为柔性基板也可以为硬性基板，例如橡胶或玻璃板。
对于只起支撑和固定作用的第一基板401、第二基板501以及开关支架其材料选择无特别要求，优选为绝缘材料，可以选自玻璃，有机玻璃，聚乙烯板材或聚氯乙烯等绝缘材料。
本公开的摩擦纳米发电机能量管理电路结构简单，制备方法简单，对材料无特殊要求，在实际使用中，只需进行简单的固定和封装，即可应用在收集海浪、风能、机械和人体的运动等产生的机械能，具有广泛的实际用途。
电感元件的电感L范围可以在1μH到100H之间，其中优选在1mH到50H之间，更优选在100mH到20H之间。电容元件的电容C范围 可以在1μF到100mF之间，其中优选在100μF到50mF之间，更优选在500μF到20mF之间。
本公开中，接触式开关的触头和接触端均采用触片，当触头的触片与接触端的触片接触时，接触式开关闭合。两个触片之间接触有更大的接触面积，可以减小接触式开关的接触电阻，适合用于大电流输出的情况。参见图3的摩擦纳米发电机，接触式开关的触头301、302为触片，两个开关的接触端101、201和102、202为触片并且固定在开关支架上，当触片与任意一个开关的接触端接触时，接触式开关闭合，第一电极层502与第二电极层503连通；当触片301、302不与第一开关的接触端101、201和第二开关的接触端102、202中的任何一个触片发生接触时，第一电极层502和第二电极层503断开。
接触式开关还可以采用触片与触头接触的方式，只需上例中两个接触端改为触点，其他材料与结构与上述实例中相同。这里不再复述。采用撞针或触点和触片接触的接触式开关，可以在更短的时间内完成稳定的接触，提高接触式开关的速度，适合用于高频率的输出。优选的，接触式开关的触片具有弹性，当触片与触片(或者撞针、触点等)接触时，触片发生弹性形变，保证触头与接触端之间的良好电接触。
相应的，本公开还提供一种摩擦纳米发电机的能量管理方法，包括步骤：
摩擦纳米发电机的两个相对运动部分的移动使摩擦纳米发电机的两个电极层之间产生感应静电荷；
接通所述两个电极层产生瞬间脉冲电流，将所述瞬间脉冲电流的电能存储在中间储能元件中；
将所述中间储能元件中的电能传输到目标储能元件中。
可以通过在所述摩擦纳米发电机的两个相对运动部分设置脉冲电流控制开关如接触式开关实现接通所述两个电极层产生瞬间脉冲电流。
本公开的实施例中，可以将所述瞬间脉冲电流的电能存储在电感元件中。
本公开的实施例中，可以将所述电感元件中的电能通过二级管传输 到电容元件中。参见图8中，将电容元件5与二极管6连接后与中间储能元件电感元件4并联连接。
下面以一个实际示例为例，说明脉冲摩擦发电机的制备过程及能量存储效率测试结果。
首先，以有机玻璃为材料，通过激光切割的方法加工第一基板401、第二基板501和开关支架。在第一基板401的下表面粘附一PTFE(聚四氟乙烯，Teflon)薄膜，作为第一摩擦层402；然后利用磁控溅射的方法在第二基板501的上表面蒸镀100纳米厚度的Au薄膜作为第一电极层502和第二电极层503，两电极层中间有间隙隔开，同时电极层502、503作为第二摩擦层。切割六片Cu片作为两个接触式开关的两个触头和四个接触端，在第一基板上固定两个Cu片作为触头301、302，在开关支架上按照设定距离固定另外四个Cu片作为两个接触端，两个铜片作为触片101、102与第一电极层通过导线连通，另外两个铜片作为触片201、202与第二电极层通过导线连通。将第一基板、第二基板与开关支架按照图3所示的结构进行连接组装，并且在未受外力作用时，使中间触头处于第二基板的中间位置，在第一基板上施加外力时PTFE薄膜层可以在电极层上接触滑动。按照图8中结构连接电感(20H)和电容(33μC)。
图13为制备的摩擦纳米发电机在能量管理电路中能量储存效率(Energy ratio)随时间(Time(s))变化的曲线，随时间延长，储存效率逐渐增加至趋于平缓，电压充至10V时，总存储效率达到40％；电压充至24V时，总存储效率达到60％；电压充至41V时，总存储效率达到70％；微分存储效率随电压增大而增大，大于22V之后存储效率达到79％。
以上所述，仅是本公开的较佳实施示例而已，并非对本公开作任何形式上的限制。任何熟悉本领域的技术人员，在不脱离本公开技术方案范围情况下，都可利用上述揭示的方法和技术内容对本公开技术方案做出许多可能的变动和修饰，或修改为等同变化的等效实施示例。因此，凡是未脱离本公开技术方案的内容，依据本公开的技术实质对以上实施 示例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰，均仍属于本公开技术方案保护的范围内。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种摩擦纳米发电机的能量管理电路，其特征在于，包括：脉冲电流控制开关、中间储能元件和目标储能元件，其中，
    脉冲电流控制开关，用于在所述摩擦纳米发电机的两个相对运动部分的移动使摩擦纳米发电机的两个电极层之间产生感应静电荷后，瞬时接通所述两个电极层产生瞬间脉冲电流；
    中间储能元件，用于存储所述瞬间脉冲电流的电能；
    目标储能元件，用于存储所述中间储能元件输出的电能。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的能量管理电路，其特征在于，所述脉冲电流控制开关的设置位置，使所述两个电极层之间的电势差最大时，所述脉冲电流控制开关闭合。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的能量管理电路，其特征在于，包括两个所述脉冲电流控制开关，每个所述脉冲电流控制开关单独控制所述两个电极层瞬时连通；
    在两个所述脉冲电流控制开关分别闭合时，所述中间储能元件两端与所述两个电极层的连接相反。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的能量管理电路，其特征在于，所述脉冲电流控制开关为接触式开关，包括两个触头和两个接触端，所述触头和接触端分别设置在所述摩擦纳米发电机的两个相对运动部分，随着所述摩擦纳米发电机的相对运动所述触头和接触端同步相对运动；其中，两个所述触头连接所述中间储能元件；所述两个接触端分别与所述两个电极层连通；当所述两个触头与所述两个接触端接触时，所述接触式开关闭合。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的能量管理电路，其特征在于，包括两个所述接触式开关，并且两个所述接触式开关共用所述两个触头。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的能量管理电路，其特征在于，所述中间储能元件为电感元件。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的能量管理电路，其特征在于，所述电感元件的电感范围在1μH到100H之间，优选在1mH到50H之间，更优 选在100mH到20H之间。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的能量管理电路，其特征在于，所述目标储能元件为电容元件。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的能量管理电路，其特征在于，所述电容元件与二极管连接后与所述中间储能元件并联连接。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的能量管理电路，其特征在于，所述电容元件的电容范围在1μF到100mF之间，优选在100μF到50mF之间，更优选在500μF到20mF之间。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的能量管理电路，其特征在于，所述摩擦纳米发电机包括两个电极层，两个相对运动部分的基本运动模式为：垂直接触分离模式(CS)、平行滑动模式(LS)、单电极接触结构(SEC)、摩擦层自由移动结构(SFT)或接触式摩擦层自由移动结构(CFT)。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的能量管理电路，其特征在于，所述垂直接触分离模式(CS)的摩擦纳米发电机的结构包括：两个相对运动部件中，第一部件包括摩擦层和设置在摩擦层上的第一电极层，第二部件包括第二电极层，在第一部件与第二部件互相垂直接触分离相对运动时，第二电极层同时充当另一个摩擦层，与摩擦层互相接触和分离，摩擦层的材料与第二电极层的材料不同，第一电极层和第二电极层连接脉冲电流控制开关K，在摩擦层与第二电极层互相分离使第一电极层和第二电极层之间的电势差最大时，脉冲电流控制开关K闭合，第一电极层和第二电极层之间向中间储能元件输出瞬间脉冲电流。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的能量管理电路，其特征在于，所述平行滑动模式(LS)的摩擦纳米发电机的结构包括：两个相对运动部件中，第一部件包括摩擦层和设置在摩擦层上的第一电极层，第二部件包括第二电极层，在第一部件与第二部件互相平行滑动时，第二电极层同时充当另一个摩擦层，与摩擦层互相滑动摩擦，摩擦层的材料与第二电极层的材料不同，第一电极层和第二电极层为摩擦纳米发电机的输出端，连接脉冲电流控制开关K，在摩擦层与第二电极层互相滑动摩擦错位使第 一电极层和第二电极层之间的电势差最大时，脉冲电流控制开关K闭合，第一电极层和第二电极层之间向中间储能元件输出瞬间脉冲电流。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的能量管理电路，其特征在于，所述单电极接触结构(SEC)的摩擦纳米发电机的结构包括：两个相对运动部件中，第一部件包括摩擦层，第二部件包括第一电极层和第二电极层或等电位，在摩擦层与第二部件的第一电极层互相垂直接触分离或者相对滑动运动时，摩擦层的材料与第一电极层的材料不同，第一电极层和第二电极层为摩擦纳米发电机的输出端，连接脉冲电流控制开关K，在摩擦层与第二电极层互相滑动摩擦错位使第一电极层和第二电极层之间的电势差最大时，脉冲电流控制开关K闭合，第一电极层和第二电极层之间向中间储能元件输出瞬间脉冲电流。
  15. 根据权利要求11所述的能量管理电路，其特征在于，所述滑动式摩擦层自由移动结构(SFT)的摩擦纳米发电机的结构包括：两个相对运动部件中，第一部件包括摩擦层，第二部件包括互相分隔的第一电极层和第二电极层，在第一部件与第二部件互相滑动时，摩擦层从第一电极层滑动到第二电极层，第一电极层和第二电极层充当另一个摩擦层，摩擦层的材料与第一电极层和第二电极层的材料不同，第一电极层和第二电极层连接脉冲电流控制开关K，在摩擦层在第一电极层和第二电极层之间滑动时，使第一电极层和第二电极层之间的电势差最大时，脉冲电流控制开关K闭合，第一电极层和第二电极层之间向中间储能元件输出瞬间脉冲电流。
  16. 根据权利要求11所述的能量管理电路，其特征在于，所述接触式摩擦层自由移动结构(CFT)的摩擦纳米发电机的结构包括：两个相对运动部件中，第一部件包括摩擦层，第二部件包括互相分隔的第一电极层和第二电极层，摩擦层设置在第一电极层和第二电极层之间，摩擦层在两个电极层之间运动分别与两个电极层互相接触分离，第一电极层或第二电极层充当另一个摩擦层，摩擦层的材料与第一电极层和第二电极层的材料不同，第一电极层和第二电极层连接脉冲电流控制开关K，在摩擦层在两个电极层之间运动分别与两个电极层互相接触分离，使第 一电极层和第二电极层之间的电势差最大时，脉冲电流控制开关K闭合，第一电极层和第二电极层之间向中间储能元件输出瞬间脉冲电流。
  17. 根据权利要求12至16任一项所述的能量管理电路，其特征在于，所述摩擦层和另一摩擦层的材料存在摩擦电极序差异。
  18. 一种摩擦纳米发电机的能量管理方法，其特征在于，包括步骤：
    摩擦纳米发电机的两个相对运动部分的移动使摩擦纳米发电机的两个电极层之间产生感应静电荷；
    接通所述两个电极层产生瞬间脉冲电流，将所述瞬间脉冲电流的电能存储在中间储能元件中；
    将所述中间储能元件中的电能传输到目标储能元件中。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的能量管理方法，其特征在于，通过在所述摩擦纳米发电机的两个相对运动部分设置脉冲电流控制开关实现接通所述两个电极层产生瞬间脉冲电流。
  20. 根据权利要求18或19所述的能量管理方法，其特征在于，将所述瞬间脉冲电流的电能存储在电感元件中。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的能量管理方法，其特征在于，将所述电感元件中的电能传输到电容元件中，并设置二极管控制电流方向。
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