WO2018150583A1 - Climatiseur et système de climatisation - Google Patents

Climatiseur et système de climatisation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018150583A1
WO2018150583A1 PCT/JP2017/006175 JP2017006175W WO2018150583A1 WO 2018150583 A1 WO2018150583 A1 WO 2018150583A1 JP 2017006175 W JP2017006175 W JP 2017006175W WO 2018150583 A1 WO2018150583 A1 WO 2018150583A1
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Prior art keywords
adsorbent
air conditioner
gas
heat
heating element
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PCT/JP2017/006175
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
中村　英博
俊勝 嶋崎
保彦 吉成
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日立化成株式会社
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Priority to JP2019500162A priority Critical patent/JPWO2018150583A1/ja
Priority to PCT/JP2017/006175 priority patent/WO2018150583A1/fr
Publication of WO2018150583A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018150583A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an air conditioner and an air conditioning system.
  • the greenhouse gas examples include carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs and the like).
  • CO 2 carbon dioxide
  • CH 4 methane
  • CFCs and the like chlorofluorocarbons
  • carbon dioxide has the greatest influence, and construction of a method for removing carbon dioxide (for example, carbon dioxide discharged from thermal power plants, steelworks, etc.) is required.
  • Carbon dioxide is known to affect sleepiness, physical condition of the human body, etc. (see Patent Documents 1 and 2).
  • CO 2 concentration concentration of carbon dioxide in the room
  • CO 2 reduction amount (CO 2 concentration in the chamber - external air CO 2 concentration) ⁇ ventilation
  • adsorbent CO 2 separation and recovery method
  • zeolite is known as an adsorbent (see, for example, Patent Document 3 below).
  • an adsorption tower when removing CO 2 in the air-conditioning target space using an adsorbent, an adsorption tower may be used.
  • the greater the amount of adsorbent packed the greater the amount of CO 2 adsorbed and the better the CO 2 removal efficiency.
  • the adsorbent since the adsorbent is usually in a powder form, increasing the filling amount of the adsorbent increases the pressure loss when the adsorbent approaches the closest packed state and the gas to be treated flows. For this reason, conventionally, much energy has been required for the adsorption of CO 2 .
  • the present inventors can suppress the pressure loss when the gas to be treated flows by using the granulated product of the adsorbent, and can adsorb more carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) with low energy. In other words, they found it to be energy efficient.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide an air conditioner excellent in energy efficiency at the time of CO 2 desorption and an air conditioning system including the air conditioner.
  • the air conditioner according to one aspect of the present invention is used in an air-conditioning target space including a processing target gas containing carbon dioxide.
  • Such an air conditioner includes an adsorption tower in which a gas to be treated flows, an adsorbent granule filled in an adsorbent filling section in the adsorption tower, a heating element and a heat transfer body provided in the adsorbent filling section, .
  • the heat transfer body extends in the flow direction of the gas to be processed, and the adsorbent adsorbs carbon dioxide when coming into contact with the gas to be processed, and desorbs carbon dioxide adsorbed on the adsorbent when heated. To do.
  • the granulated material of the adsorbent in the vicinity of a heat exchanger is heated by the heat which a heat generating body transmits to a heat exchanger. Since the heat transfer body extends in the flow direction of the processing target gas, the heat generated by the heating element can be quickly transferred in the flow direction of the processing target gas. For this reason, the energy required for heating the granulated product of the adsorbent is reduced. That is, according to the air conditioner, CO 2 can be desorbed with excellent energy efficiency.
  • the pressure loss when the gas to be treated flows through the adsorption tower can be suppressed as compared with the case where the powdery adsorbent is used as it is. More CO 2 can be adsorbed with low energy.
  • the reason why the pressure loss can be reduced in the air conditioner is presumed to be that the porosity of the adsorbent filling portion is increased by using the granulated product of the adsorbent. Further, in the above air conditioner, as compared with the case of using as a powdered adsorbent, it is excellent in adsorption of CO 2.
  • the heat transfer element is connected to the heating element.
  • the heat from the heating element is directly transmitted to the heat transfer body, the heat from the heating element is easily transferred to the adsorbent.
  • the energy required for heating the adsorbent can be reduced, and the energy efficiency during CO 2 desorption tends to be further improved.
  • the heating element is located on the upstream side in the flow direction of the gas to be processed. Since the CO 2 desorbed from the adsorbent is heated by the heat from the heating element, in this embodiment, the downstream adsorbent is desorbed from the upstream adsorbent (CO 2 in the heated state). It is heated by 2 ). Therefore, in this aspect, the energy efficiency at the time of CO 2 desorption tends to be further improved.
  • the gas to be processed flows from the lower side to the upper side. Since the heat rises, for example, when the heating element is located upstream (downward), the temperature rise of the entire adsorbent filling portion tends to be promoted.
  • the heat transfer body includes a shaft portion that extends in the flow direction of the processing target gas in the adsorbent filling portion, and a heat diffusion portion that is connected to the shaft portion and extends in a direction away from the shaft portion. .
  • the energy efficiency at the time of CO 2 desorption tends to be further improved.
  • the heat transfer body has a plurality of heat diffusion portions along the extending direction of the shaft portion.
  • heat is easily transmitted to the entire adsorbent filling portion by providing a plurality of heat diffusion portions in the extending direction of the shaft portion (the flow direction of the processing target gas). Therefore, there is a tendency to further excellent energy efficiency during CO 2 desorption.
  • the thermal diffusion unit located far from the heating element has a longer length in the orthogonal direction perpendicular to the flow direction than the thermal diffusion unit located near the heating element. .
  • the farther away from the heating element the less the heat from the heating element is transmitted.
  • the heat transfer body can transmit more heat far from the heating element than near the heating element, so that heat can be efficiently transferred to the entire adsorbent (the entire adsorbent filling portion). Can do. That is, in this aspect, the energy efficiency at the time of CO 2 desorption tends to be further improved.
  • the above-mentioned heat diffusion part extends also in the extension direction of a shaft part.
  • the energy efficiency during CO 2 desorption is further improved.
  • the heat transfer body has a plurality of heat diffusion portions along the circumferential direction of the shaft portion.
  • the adsorbent granulated material is easily filled.
  • the length of the heat diffusion unit in the orthogonal direction orthogonal to the flow direction increases as the distance from the heating element increases.
  • the heat transfer body can transmit more heat far from the heating element than near the heating element, so that heat can be efficiently transferred to the entire adsorbent (the entire adsorbent filling portion). There is a tendency to be able to. That is, in this aspect, the energy efficiency at the time of CO 2 desorption tends to be further improved.
  • the air conditioner further includes a cooling member that is connected to an outer wall that defines the adsorbent filling portion and extends in a direction away from the outer wall. After desorption of CO 2 from the adsorbent, the heated adsorbent can be cooled and CO 2 can be adsorbed to the adsorbent again. In the air conditioner, since the heat of the heated adsorbent can be released to the outside of the adsorbent filling section via the cooling member, the adsorbent can be efficiently cooled. That is, the air conditioner tends to be excellent in adsorbent cooling efficiency.
  • a plurality of the cooling members are provided along the flow direction of the processing target gas.
  • the entire adsorbent the entire adsorbent filling portion
  • the adsorbent cooling efficiency tends to be further improved.
  • the cooling member located far from the heating element among the plurality of cooling members is shorter in the direction away from the outer wall of the adsorbent filling portion than the cooling member located near the heating element.
  • the adsorbent located near the heating element tends to have a higher temperature than the adsorbent located far from the heating element.
  • the cooling member is more excellent in cooling capacity as the length in the direction away from the outer wall of the adsorbent filling portion is longer.
  • the closer to the heating element the easier it is to cool, so that when the adsorbent is cooled, the entire adsorbent (the entire adsorbent filling portion) tends to be more efficiently cooled. That is, according to this aspect, the adsorbent tends to be more excellent in cooling efficiency.
  • the porosity of the adsorbent filling portion is 60 to 90%. In this aspect, the pressure loss when the gas to be processed flows can be further reduced, and the effect of the present invention tends to be remarkable.
  • the adsorbent granulate comprises cerium oxide and a binder.
  • the adsorption of CO 2 onto cerium oxide is chemical adsorption and proceeds by an exothermic reaction. Therefore, when the air conditioner using the granules of the adsorbent according to the present embodiment using the above air conditioning system, can be dispersed throughout the adsorbent the reaction heat during CO 2 adsorption, it is possible to promote adsorption reaction For this reason, the CO 2 removal efficiency tends to be excellent.
  • the air conditioner is useful as a CO 2 removal device using a granulated product of an adsorbent containing cerium oxide and a binder.
  • cerium oxide has an excellent adsorptivity to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) when the concentration of carbon dioxide is 1000 ppm or less, particularly in a dry state where the gas to be treated does not contain a water component, as compared with other adsorbents. Tend to be adsorbable). The tendency to have an excellent adsorptivity to carbon dioxide (CO 2 adsorptivity) is particularly prominent when the gas to be treated is in a wet state containing a water component, and the concentration that is superior to other adsorbents is 1000 ppm. That's it.
  • the air-conditioning apparatus tends to be excellent in carbon dioxide removal efficiency when used in a processing target space including such a processing target gas having a carbon dioxide concentration.
  • cerium oxide has superior CO 2 adsorptivity compared to other adsorbents even when the gas to be treated contains water as described above. Therefore, a dehumidifying device is unnecessary and CO 2 can be removed more efficiently.
  • the concentration of the gas to be treated is 5000 ppm or more but 5000 ppm or less. This is not something that will be rejected.
  • the Building Standard Law stipulates that the indoor CO 2 concentration should be 1000 ppm or less.
  • the carbon dioxide concentration (atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration) that can be achieved by treating the gas to be treated may be 5000 ppm or less, and 1000 ppm or less. There may be.
  • An air conditioning system includes a plurality of the air conditioning devices.
  • an air conditioning system comprising an air conditioning apparatus and the air conditioning system which is excellent in energy efficiency during CO 2 desorption.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an air conditioning system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view of the adsorbent filling portion shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a heat transfer body according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a heat transfer body in a modified example of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a heat transfer body in a modified example of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a heat transfer body in a modified example of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a heat transfer body in a modification of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a method of filling a granulated product of an adsorbent in a modification of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is an exploded view of a heat transfer body in a modification of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a view showing a photograph of a granulated product of an adsorbent used in one embodiment.
  • FIG. 12 is a view showing a photograph of an adsorbent granule used in one embodiment.
  • upstream or downstream means “upstream” or “downstream” in the flow direction of the gas to be processed.
  • Drawing 1 is a mimetic diagram showing the air-conditioning system concerning this embodiment.
  • the air conditioning system 100 according to the present embodiment includes a plurality of air conditioners 50 (air conditioners 50A and 50B) and a control device 19 that controls the plurality of air conditioners 50.
  • the air conditioner 50 and the air conditioning system 100 according to the present embodiment are used to remove CO 2 in the air conditioning target space R including the processing target gas containing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).
  • FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view of the air conditioner according to the present embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view showing a portion filled with the granulated material of the adsorbent in the adsorbent filling portion shown in FIG. is there.
  • the air conditioner 50 includes an air blower 1, an adsorption tower 10 through which a gas to be treated flows, a flow path 2 that connects the air blower 1 and the adsorption tower 10, and an adsorption tower 10.
  • the blower 1 is, for example, a blower.
  • the air blower 1 is provided in the air conditioning target space R.
  • the blower 1 is connected to the flow path 2 connected to the adsorption tower 10.
  • the blower 1 supplies the processing target gas in the air conditioning target space R to the adsorption tower 10 by sending the processing target gas in the air conditioning target space R into the flow path 2.
  • the blower 1 is electrically connected to the control device 14 and is controlled by the control device 14.
  • the blower 1 may be an exhaust device such as an exhaust fan, for example. Further, when the gas to be processed is supplied to the adsorption tower 10 by natural convection, the blower 1 may not be used.
  • the flow path 2 is a flow path through which the processing target gas flows from the blower 1 to the adsorption tower 10. One end of the flow path 2 is connected to the blower 1, and the other end of the flow path 2 is connected to the adsorption tower 10.
  • the flow path 2 is provided with a manual valve 4a and an electromagnetic valve 5a.
  • the electromagnetic valve 5 a is electrically connected to the control device 14 and is controlled by the control device 14.
  • the flow rate of the processing target gas to the adsorption tower 10 can be adjusted by the manual valve 4a and the electromagnetic valve 5a.
  • the manual valve 4a is not always necessary.
  • the adsorption tower 10 is basically a fixed bed type adsorption tower.
  • the adsorption tower 10 includes an adsorbent filling portion 11 filled with an adsorbent granulated material 9, a first space 12, and a second space 13.
  • the adsorbent filling part 11 is a space filled with the granulated material 9 of the adsorbent.
  • the processing target gas supplied to the adsorption tower 10 flows in the order of the adsorbent filling unit 11, the first space 12, and the second space 13.
  • the adsorbent filling unit 11 is arranged on the most upstream side, the first space 12 is arranged on the downstream side of the adsorbent filling unit 11, and the second space 13 is the first space 13. It is arranged on the downstream side of the space 12.
  • a flow path 2 is connected to the upstream side of the adsorption tower 10, and a flow path 3 is connected to the downstream side of the adsorption tower 10.
  • the adsorption tower 10 treats the gas to be treated supplied from the blower 1 through the flow path 2 in the adsorbent filling unit 11, and then removes the treated gas (CO 2) through the flow path 3. Gas to be processed) is supplied to the air conditioning target space R.
  • the flow path 3 is a flow path for supplying the gas processed in the adsorption tower 10 to the air conditioning target space R.
  • One end of the flow path 3 is connected to the adsorption tower 10, and the other end of the flow path 3 is disposed in the air conditioning target space R and opened to the air conditioning target space R.
  • the flow path 3 includes a flow path 3 a connected to the adsorption tower 10, and a flow path 3 b and a flow path 3 c that are bifurcated from the flow path 3 a and opened to the air conditioning target space R.
  • the open ends of the flow path 3b and the flow path 3c may be disposed at any position as long as they are disposed in the air conditioning target space R.
  • the open end of the flow path 3c in the air conditioner 50 (50A) is directed to the adsorbent filling unit 11 in the air conditioner 50 (50B).
  • the open end of the flow path 3c in the air conditioner 50 (50B) is directed to the adsorbent filling unit 11 in the air conditioner 50 (50A). That is, the flow path 3 c is configured so that the gas flowing out from the flow path 3 c of one air conditioner 50 contacts the outer wall of the adsorbent filling unit 11 in the other air conditioner 50.
  • the flow path 3 is provided with a manual valve 4b and an electromagnetic valve 5b.
  • the electromagnetic valve 5b is provided in the flow path 3a.
  • the manual valve 4b is provided at a branching portion that branches from the flow path 3a to the flow path 3b and the flow path 3c.
  • the electromagnetic valve 5 b is electrically connected to the control device 14 and is controlled by the control device 14.
  • the flow rate of the gas flowing out from the adsorption tower 10 can be adjusted by the electromagnetic valve 5b, and the distribution ratio of the flow rate of the gas flowing out to the flow path 3b and the flow path 3c is adjusted by the manual valve 4b. be able to.
  • the flow path 3 may include a flow path that is opened to a space (outside air) outside the air conditioning target space R in addition to the flow path 3b and the flow path 3c, or instead of the flow path 3b or the flow path 3c. Good. Moreover, the flow path 3 does not need to be provided with either the flow path 3b or the flow path 3c. In this case, the manual valve 4b is unnecessary.
  • the installation place of the adsorption tower 10 is not specifically limited.
  • the first space 12 is located downstream of the second space 13 in the flow direction of the processing target gas, but is not limited thereto.
  • the first space 12 and the second space 13 may exist as the same space without being distinguished.
  • FIG.11 and FIG.12 is a figure which shows the granulated material of an adsorbent.
  • FIG. 11 shows an adsorbent granulated product having a particle size of 3 mm
  • FIG. 12 shows an adsorbent granulated product having a particle size of 2 mm.
  • the adsorbent granulated product 9 is formed by granulating the adsorbent with a binder. That is, the granulated product 9 includes an adsorbent and a binder.
  • “granulation” means that a plurality of powdery adsorbents are bound together by a binder and integrated.
  • the amount of CO 2 adsorbed decreases due to the presence of a binder in the granulated product.
  • the adsorbent granule 9 is used.
  • Adsorbent upon contact with the treatment target gas to adsorb CO 2, has a function to desorb the CO 2 adsorbed by the adsorbent to be heated.
  • the adsorbent is cerium oxide.
  • the adsorbent may be a porous body such as zeolite, activated carbon, or MOF (Metal Organic Frameworks), and those porous bodies filled with cerium oxide (for example, ceria) or these porous bodies are cerium oxidized. It may be coated with a product, or may be a silica porous body (porous body made of cerium oxide) modified or filled with an amine.
  • the binder may be, for example, a resin that binds to cerium oxide by heat treatment, or a filler having a functional group that can bind to cerium oxide such as a silanol group (for example, alumina, silica, or the like).
  • the shape and size of the adsorbent granules, as well as the shape, size, and specific surface area of the adsorbent, are the required reaction rate, pressure loss, amount of adsorbent adsorbed, gas adsorbed on the adsorbent (adsorbed gas ) And the like (CO 2 purity).
  • the shape of the granulated product of the adsorbent may be a granular sphere, and may be a pellet shape, a honeycomb shape, or the like.
  • the particle size of the adsorbent granule is, for example, from 100 ⁇ m to 10 mm, from 750 ⁇ m to 10 mm, or from 3 mm to 5 mm from the viewpoint of easily setting the porosity of the adsorbent filling portion within the above range.
  • the adsorbent may be in the form of a powder having a particle size of 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, for example.
  • the particle size of the granulated product of the adsorbent and the particle size of the adsorbent mean a particle size distribution specified from an average diameter measured by a metal microscope or a mesh size obtained by a sieve.
  • the porosity of the adsorbent granule is, for example, 77 to 84% from the viewpoint of making it difficult for pressure loss to decrease during CO 2 adsorption.
  • the specific gravity may be obtained by placing the granulated product of the adsorbent in a container having a known capacity and measuring the weight.
  • the true density of the granulated product of the adsorbent may be calculated from the physical properties of the components contained in the granulated product of the adsorbent and the composition of the granulated product of the adsorbent. Further, for example, when the cross section of the granulated product of the adsorbent is observed with a metal microscope, SEM or the like, the ratio of the area of the void portion to the total area of the cross section can be defined as the porosity.
  • the granulating method of the adsorbent include methods such as thermocompression bonding, extrusion processing, mold transfer, and the like, and spray drying methods.
  • the adsorbent is cerium oxide, particularly in a dry state where the gas to be treated does not contain a water component, excellent adsorbability with respect to carbon dioxide (CO2 adsorptivity) when the carbon dioxide concentration is 1000 ppm or less. ).
  • the tendency to have excellent adsorptivity to carbon dioxide (CO 2 adsorptivity) is particularly noticeable when the gas to be treated contains a water component, and the concentration that is superior to other adsorbents is 1000 ppm or more. Become.
  • the present inventors speculate that the reason why CO 2 can be efficiently removed as compared with other adsorbents is as follows.
  • cerium oxide When cerium oxide is used as the adsorbent, CO 2 is not physically adsorbed on the surface of the adsorbent (cerium oxide), but CO 2 is adsorbed on the surface of the adsorbent (cerium oxide) by a chemical bond. Conceivable. In this case, the CO 2 partial pressure dependency in adsorption to the adsorbent is reduced. Therefore, in the dry state, when the CO 2 concentration of the gas to be processed is 1000 ppm or less, it becomes more advantageous than other adsorbents (adsorbents that physically adsorb CO 2 ), and CO 2 can be efficiently adsorbed. It is guessed.
  • the gas to be treated contains a water component
  • the CO 2 concentration of the gas to be treated is 1000 ppm or more
  • the hydroxyl group of the water component Is considered to contribute greatly to chemical bonding and to efficiently adsorb CO 2 .
  • adsorbents such as zeolite
  • the gas to be treated contains water
  • the CO 2 adsorptivity tends to be greatly reduced. Therefore, when an adsorbent such as zeolite is used, in order to improve the CO 2 adsorptivity of the adsorbent, it is necessary to perform a dehumidification step of removing moisture from the treatment target gas before bringing the treatment target gas into contact with the adsorbent.
  • the dehumidifying step is performed using, for example, a dehumidifying device, which leads to an increase in equipment and an increase in energy consumption.
  • cerium oxide is used as the adsorbent, even if the gas to be treated contains water, it has excellent CO 2 adsorption. Therefore, a dehumidifying device is unnecessary and CO 2 can be removed more efficiently.
  • the adsorbent filling portion 11 is defined by the outer wall 40. That is, the adsorbent filling unit 11 is an internal space of the adsorption tower 10 defined by the outer wall 40.
  • the outer wall 40 is made of a material having high thermal conductivity. Examples of such materials include simple metals such as iron, copper, and aluminum, and alloys such as stainless steel.
  • the outer wall 40 includes an upper wall 40a, a bottom wall 40b, and a side wall 40c.
  • the upper wall 40 a is located above the adsorbent filling unit 11.
  • the bottom wall 40 b is located below the adsorbent filling part 11.
  • the side wall 40 c is located on the side of the adsorbent filling part 11.
  • the side wall 40c is connected to the peripheral edge of the upper wall 40a and the peripheral edge of the bottom wall 40b, and extends in the vertical direction.
  • the upper wall 40a is configured to be removable.
  • the upper wall 40a is provided with an outlet 43 through which the gas to be treated (untreated or treated gas) flows out.
  • the bottom wall 40b is provided with an inlet 42 to which the flow path 2 is connected and into which the processing target gas flows.
  • the gas to be processed flows from the lower side to the upper side.
  • a direction in which the gas to be processed flows in the adsorbent filling unit 11 is defined as a flow direction D1.
  • the outlet 43 is connected to the first space 12, and the inlet 42 is connected to the flow path 2.
  • a net (not shown) is provided in order to prevent the adsorbent granulated material 9 from falling and to prevent the adsorbent granulated material 9 from blowing up.
  • the side wall 40c is provided with an opening for attaching the heating device 15 and the temperature detection device 16 to the adsorbent filling unit 11 (FIG. 2 shows the temperature detection device 16 and the temperature detection device 16 for simplification. The opening for connection is not shown.)
  • the adsorbent filling unit 11 is provided with a heating element 20 and a heat transfer body 30. A region of the adsorbent filling portion 11 where the heating element 20 and the heat transfer body 30 do not exist is filled with the granulated product 9 of the adsorbent (see FIG. 3).
  • the pressure loss when the gas to be treated flows can be further reduced, and the porosity of the adsorbent filling portion 11 is 60 to 90% from the viewpoint that the effect of the present invention becomes significant. Preferably, it is 75 to 85%, more preferably 77 to 84%.
  • the heating device 15 includes a heating element 20 disposed in the adsorbent filling unit 11, a wiring 21 that connects the heating element 20 to a power source (not shown) outside the adsorption tower 10, a cover 22 that covers the wiring 21, Have
  • the heating device 15 is, for example, a heater.
  • the heating device 15 is electrically connected to the control device 14 and is controlled by the control device 14.
  • the heating device 15 can heat the heat generating body 20 to heat the adsorbent granulated product 9 and desorb CO 2 from the adsorbent granulated product 9.
  • the heating element 20 is located on the upstream side in the flow direction D1 of the gas to be processed.
  • the processing target gas flows from below to above, so that the heating element 20 is positioned below the adsorbent filling unit 11. Since the heat rises, the temperature rise of the entire adsorbent filling part 11 tends to be promoted efficiently.
  • the downstream side of the adsorbent also becomes being heated by CO 2 desorbed from the upstream side of the adsorbent (CO 2 the heated state), there is a further excellent tendency to energy efficiency during CO 2 desorption.
  • the heat transfer body 30 has a function of transferring the heat of the heating element 20 to a position away from the heating element 20.
  • the heat transfer body 30 is made of a material having high thermal conductivity. Examples of such materials include simple metals such as iron, copper, and aluminum, and alloys such as stainless steel.
  • the heat transfer body 30 is, for example, a heat spreader, a heat sink, a heat pipe, or the like. As shown in FIG.2 and FIG.4, the heat exchanger 30 is provided in the adsorbent filling part 11, and is extended in the distribution direction D1.
  • the heat transfer body 30 includes a rod-shaped shaft portion 31 that extends in the flow direction D1 and a disk-shaped heat diffusion portion 32 that is connected to the shaft portion 31 and extends in a direction away from the shaft portion 31. .
  • the heat transfer body 30 since the heat transfer body 30 includes the heat diffusing portion 32, heat is easily transferred to the adsorbent located on the outer wall side of the adsorbent filling portion.
  • the heat transfer body 30 and the heating element 20 are connected at the shaft portion 31. Therefore, the heat from the heating element can be directly transmitted to the heat transfer body, and the adsorbent in the adsorbent filling portion 11 is easily heated uniformly.
  • the heat diffusion part 32 is provided with a plurality of through holes 33 that penetrate in the extending direction of the shaft part 31.
  • the through hole 33 is configured to allow the granulated product 9 to pass therethrough, and the diameter of the through hole 33 is larger than the particle size of the adsorbent granulated product 9.
  • the granulated product 9 when the granulated product 9 is introduced into the adsorbent filling portion 11, the granulated product 9 can pass through the through-hole 33, so that the granulated product 9 is filled into the adsorbent filling portion 11. Easy to do.
  • the through-hole 33 does not need to be provided in the thermal diffusion part 32.
  • a plurality of the thermal diffusion parts 32 are provided along the extending direction of the shaft part 31 (circulation direction D1). And the length of the thermal diffusion part 32 in the orthogonal direction D2 orthogonal to the distribution direction D1 becomes longer as it is farther from the heating element 20.
  • the thermal diffusion unit 32 located far from the heating element 20 has a length in the orthogonal direction D2 that is longer than the thermal diffusion unit 32 positioned near the heating element 20. It is configured to be long. That is, among the pair of heat diffusion parts 32 adjacent in the extending direction of the shaft part 31, the heat diffusion part 32 located far from the heating element 20 is more than the heat diffusion part 32 located near the heating element 20.
  • the length in the orthogonal direction D2 is configured to be long.
  • the thermal diffusion part 32 is not necessarily required, and the number of the thermal diffusion parts 32 is not specifically limited.
  • a cooling member 45 extending in a direction away from the outer wall 40 is connected to the outer surface of the side wall 40c (the outer surface of the adsorption tower 10).
  • the cooling member 45 is made of a material having high thermal conductivity. Examples of such materials include simple metals such as iron, copper, and aluminum, and alloys such as stainless steel.
  • the cooling member 45 is, for example, a heat spreader, a heat sink, a heat pipe, or the like.
  • the cooling member 45 has a function of cooling the adsorbent filling portion 11 (the granulated product 9) by releasing the heat in the adsorbent filling portion 11 to the outside of the adsorbent filling portion 11. Therefore, in this embodiment, the adsorbent can be efficiently cooled.
  • the cooling member 45 can also release the reaction heat generated when CO 2 is adsorbed to the cerium oxide to the outside of the adsorption tower 10. Therefore, the air conditioner 50 according to the present embodiment tends to be excellent in CO 2 removal efficiency.
  • the shape of the cooling member 45 may be the same as that of the heat diffusion unit 32.
  • the cooling member 45 may have a disk shape centered on the adsorbent filling portion 11.
  • the cooling member 45 may not have a through hole like the heat diffusion portion 32.
  • a plurality of cooling members 45 are provided along the flow direction D1.
  • the length of the cooling member 45 in the direction away from the outer wall 40 decreases as the distance from the heating element 20 increases.
  • the cooling member 45 located far from the heating element 20 has a shorter length in the direction away from the outer wall 40 than the cooling member 45 located near the heating element 20. It is comprised so that it may become. That is, among the pair of cooling members 45 adjacent in the flow direction D1, the cooling member 45 located far from the heating element 20 is longer in the direction away from the outer wall 40 than the cooling member 45 located near the heating element 20. Is configured to be shorter.
  • the entire adsorbent (the entire adsorbent filling portion 11) can be efficiently cooled, and the cooling efficiency of the adsorbent tends to be further improved.
  • the cooling members 45 are not necessarily required, and the number of the cooling members 45 is not particularly limited.
  • the temperature detection device 16 is attached to the outer wall 40 (side wall 40c).
  • the temperature detection device 16 is a temperature sensor, for example, and has a function of detecting the temperature in the adsorbent filling unit 11.
  • the CO 2 concentration detector 17 is attached to the outer wall of the first space 12.
  • the CO 2 concentration detection device 17 is a CO 2 sensor, for example, and has a function of detecting the CO 2 concentration of gas flowing out from the adsorbent filling unit 11.
  • the decompression device 18 is attached to the outer wall of the second space 13.
  • the decompression device 18 is, for example, a decompression pump, and has a function of decompressing the inside of the adsorbent filling unit 11.
  • the decompression device 18 includes a flow path that is open to the outside air, and CO 2 desorbed from the adsorbent is discharged to the outside air via the decompression device 18.
  • the decompression device 18 is electrically connected to the control device 14 and is controlled by the control device 14. Note that the decompression device 18 may not include a flow path that is open to the outside air. In this case, CO 2 desorbed from the adsorbent is discharged into the air conditioning target space R.
  • the decompression device 18 is not always necessary.
  • the air conditioner 50 does not include the decompression device 18, for example, CO 2 desorbed from the adsorbent is discharged from the adsorption tower 10 by blowing while heating or blowing heated air.
  • the air conditioner 50 may further include a flow path connected to the second space 13 and the outside air instead of the decompression device 18.
  • the control device 14 is electrically connected to the electromagnetic valve 5a, the electromagnetic valve 5b, the blower 1, the heating device 15, the temperature detection device 16, the CO 2 concentration detection device 17, and the decompression device 18. Controller 14, for example, on the basis of the CO 2 concentration detected by the temperature and CO 2 concentration detection apparatus 17 detected by the temperature detecting device 16, the inflow of untreated gas to the adsorption tower 10, adsorbent-packed portion 11 (the temperature of the granulated product 9) and the pressure in the adsorbent filling unit 11 can be controlled.
  • the air conditioner 50 configured as described above, even when CO 2 adsorbed on the adsorbent is desorbed by heating, CO 2 can be desorbed with excellent energy efficiency. Further, according to the air conditioning apparatus 50 according to the present embodiment, it is possible to suppress the pressure loss when the adsorption of CO 2 in the adsorbent can adsorb more CO 2 at low energy.
  • the air conditioner 50 can be suitably implemented in a sealed space where the CO 2 concentration needs to be managed.
  • the space in which the CO 2 concentration needs to be managed include a building, a vehicle, an automobile, a space station, a submersible, a food or chemical production plant, and the like.
  • the air conditioner 50 according to the present embodiment can be preferably implemented particularly in a space where the CO 2 concentration is limited to 5000 ppm or less (for example, a space where the density of people such as buildings and vehicles is high).
  • the air conditioner 50 according to the present embodiment can be suitably implemented in a food or chemical product production plant or the like. .
  • the air conditioner 50 can also be used for recovering CO 2 discharged from the adsorption tower 10 and reusing the recovered CO 2 in the field of using CO 2 .
  • the air conditioner 50 can also be used for recovering CO 2 discharged from the adsorption tower 10 and reusing the recovered CO 2 in the field of using CO 2 .
  • CO 2 enhances the CO 2 concentration 1000ppm level.
  • the removal of CO 2 using the air conditioner is performed, for example, by repeatedly executing the adsorption mode, the desorption mode, and the cooling mode in this order. Specifically, first, the manual valve 4a is opened, and the manual valve 4b is operated so that the flow path 3a is connected to the flow path 3b and / or the flow path 3c, and then the adsorption mode is executed. In the adsorption mode, after the electromagnetic valve 5 a and the electromagnetic valve 5 b are opened by the control device 14, the process target gas starts to be blown from the blower 1, and the process target gas passes through the flow path 2 to the adsorption tower 10. To be supplied.
  • the processing target gas supplied to the adsorption tower 10 flows into the adsorbent filling unit 11 and comes into contact with the adsorbent contained in the granulated product 9. Thereby, CO 2 contained in the gas to be processed is adsorbed by the adsorbent, and CO 2 is removed from the gas to be processed.
  • the processing target gas from which CO 2 has been removed flows out from the outlet 43, then flows out from the adsorption tower 10 to the flow path 3 through the first space 12 and the second space 13, and passes through the flow path 3. It flows out into the air conditioning target space R. At this time, the first space 12, the CO 2 concentration detector 17, the CO 2 concentration of the gas flowing out of the adsorbent-packed portion 11 is detected.
  • a signal is output from the CO 2 concentration detection device 17 to the control device 14.
  • the electromagnetic valve 5a and the electromagnetic valve 5b are closed by a signal from the control device 14, the blowing of the processing target gas by the blower 1 is stopped.
  • the desorption mode is executed.
  • the desorption mode the adsorbent filling unit 11 is heated and the inside of the adsorbent filling unit 11 is decompressed to desorb CO 2 from the adsorbent. Tend to amount desorbed increases the CO 2 from the adsorbent higher temperature of the adsorbent tends to amount desorbed increases the CO 2 from all the more pressure is low adsorbent atmosphere present in the adsorbent .
  • pressure reduction by the decompression device 18 is started by a signal from the control device 14, and heating of the adsorbent filling unit 11 by the heating device 15 is started.
  • the temperature detection device 16 detects the temperature of the adsorbent filling unit 11 (the temperature of the granulated product 9).
  • a signal is output from the temperature detection device 16 to the control device 14.
  • heating by the heating device 15 is controlled by a signal from the control device 14.
  • the CO 2 concentration detector 17 to the controller 14 signals is issued, by a signal from the controller 14, Heating by the heating device 15 is stopped.
  • the gas containing CO 2 desorbed from the adsorbent is discharged from the decompression device 18 to the air conditioning target space R.
  • the cooling mode is executed.
  • cooling mode to cool the adsorbent, to adjust the temperature T 1 of the adsorbent material when contacting the untreated gas to the adsorbent in a subsequent adsorption mode.
  • T 1 the temperature of the adsorbent material
  • the cooling mode the adsorbent filling unit 11 detected by the temperature detector 16 (the temperature of the granulated product 9) is left in a state where the pressure is reduced by the pressure reducing device 18 until the temperature reaches a predetermined temperature.
  • the control device 19 controls the air conditioning operation of the plurality of air conditioners 50 by controlling the control device 14 in each air conditioner 50.
  • the control device 19 can adjust the air conditioning operations of the plurality of air conditioning devices 50 to be performed under the same condition or different conditions.
  • the control device 19 may perform control so that the adsorption mode is executed in the other air conditioner 50 when the cooling mode is executed in the one air conditioner 50. In this case, by operating the manual valve 4b so that the gas discharged from the flow path 3c of the other air conditioner 50 is blown to the outer wall of the adsorbent filling unit 11 in the one air conditioner 50, the one air conditioner is operated. Cooling of the adsorbent at 50 can be facilitated.
  • the air conditioning target space R includes a processing target gas containing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).
  • the gas to be treated is not particularly limited as long as it contains CO 2 and may contain gas components other than CO 2 .
  • gas components other than CO 2 include water (water vapor, H 2 O), oxygen (O 2 ), nitrogen (N 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), SOx, NOx, and volatile organic substances (VOC). It is done.
  • Specific examples of the processing target gas include air in a room such as a building or a vehicle. When the gas to be treated contains water, carbon monoxide, SOx, NOx, volatile organic matter, etc., these gas components may be adsorbed by the adsorbent.
  • the processing target gas preferably does not contain SOx, NOx, soot and the like.
  • the gas to be treated contains impurities such as SOx, NOx, and dust (for example, when the gas to be treated is exhaust gas discharged from a coal-fired power plant or the like), for example, denitration is performed upstream of the adsorption tower 10.
  • impurity removal apparatuses such as an apparatus, a desulfurization apparatus, and a dedusting apparatus.
  • the impurities adsorbed on the adsorbent can be removed by heating the adsorbent, for example.
  • the CO 2 concentration in the processing target gas may be 1000 ppm or less (0.1% by volume or less) based on the total volume of the processing target gas.
  • the CO 2 concentration when the CO 2 concentration is in the above range, when cerium oxide is used as the adsorbent, CO 2 can be efficiently removed as compared with the case where another adsorbent is used. From the standpoint that the above-described effect due to the use of cerium oxide as the adsorbent becomes remarkable, the CO 2 concentration may be 750 ppm or less or 500 ppm or less based on the total volume of the gas to be treated.
  • the CO 2 concentration may be 100 ppm or more, 200 ppm or more, or 400 ppm or more on the basis of the total volume of the gas to be treated from the viewpoint of easily increasing the amount of carbon dioxide removed. From these viewpoints, the CO 2 concentration may be 100 to 1000 ppm, 200 to 1000 ppm, 400 to 1000 ppm, or 400 to 750 ppm based on the total volume of the gas to be treated. It may be 400 to 500 ppm.
  • the building environmental health management standards stipulate that the carbon dioxide concentration should be adjusted to 1000 ppm or less.
  • the CO 2 concentration in the gas to be treated is not limited to the above range, may be 500 to 5000 ppm, may be 750 to 5000 ppm, and may be 5000 ppm or more.
  • the CO 2 concentration (atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration) that can be achieved by treating the gas to be treated may be 5000 ppm or less, or 1000 ppm or less.
  • the dew point of the gas to be treated may be, for example, ⁇ 40 ° C. or more and 50 ° C. or less, 0 ° C. or more and 40 ° C. or less, or 10 ° C. or more and 30 ° C. or less.
  • the dew point of the gas to be treated is in the above range, when cerium oxide is used as the adsorbent, the hydroxyl group on the surface of the cerium oxide tends to be increased and the reactivity with CO 2 tends to be increased.
  • the relative humidity of the gas to be treated is preferably 100% or less (that is, no condensation occurs on the adsorbent), more preferably 0.1% or more and 90% or less, from the viewpoint of reducing energy consumption due to dehumidification. % To 80% is more preferable.
  • the relative humidity is a relative humidity at 30 ° C., for example.
  • the air conditioning apparatus, the air conditioning system, and the air conditioning target space in which the air conditioning apparatus and the air conditioning system are used have been described above.
  • the air conditioning apparatus and the air conditioning system according to the present embodiment are limited to the above embodiments.
  • the present invention is not intended to be modified and may be changed as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the invention.
  • the air conditioning system 100 may be used in a plurality of air conditioning target spaces by connecting the adsorption towers 10 in the plurality of air conditioning apparatuses 50 to different air conditioning target spaces. Moreover, you may use the air conditioning system 100 in several air-conditioning object space by connecting the one adsorption tower 10 to several air-conditioning object space.
  • the air conditioner 50 may include a humidity controller for adjusting the dew point and relative humidity of the gas to be treated; a humidity measuring device for measuring the humidity of the air conditioning target space; the above-described impurity removing device, and the like.
  • the adsorption tower 10 may be a fluidized bed type adsorption tower.
  • the fluidized bed type adsorption tower may be configured so that, for example, when the amount of packing is reduced and the pressure of the circulating gas is high, the granulated product of the adsorbent floats or circulates in the tower by its own weight.
  • the adsorption tower 10 is a fluidized bed type, for example, it may be circulated in the tower by reducing the particle size of the granulated product of the adsorbent and increasing the flow pressure.
  • a desorption tower, a pipe and a valve for connecting the adsorption tower and the desorption tower may be provided, and after the adsorption is completed, the adsorbent may be moved to the desorption tower side by a fluid pressure.
  • the adsorbent filling section 11 in the adsorption tower 10 may be provided with a plurality of heating elements 20 and heat transfer bodies 30.
  • the heating element 20 may be provided on both the upstream side and the downstream side of the adsorbent filling unit 11.
  • the outer wall 40 may not have the upper wall 40a and may not have the bottom wall 40b.
  • the outer wall 40 may be a box made up of a bottom wall 40b and a side wall 40c, or may be a cylinder made up of the side wall 40c.
  • the shape of the heat transfer body 30 is not particularly limited.
  • the heat diffusing section 32 may be rectangular as shown in FIG. 5, or may be rod-shaped as shown in FIG. 4 to 6, the heat diffusing unit 32 located far from the heating element 20 is longer in the orthogonal direction D2 than the heat diffusing unit 32 located near the heating element 20. Although comprised so that it may become, it is not limited to this.
  • the heat diffusion part 32 located far from the heating element 20 may be configured to have a shorter length in the orthogonal direction D2 than the heat diffusion part 32 located near the heating element 20.
  • the lengths of the heat diffusion portions 32 in the orthogonal direction D2 may be the same.
  • the heat transfer body 30 may include a heat diffusion portion that extends in the direction away from the shaft portion 31 and also extends in the extending direction of the shaft portion 31 instead of the above-described heat diffusion portion 32.
  • the heat transfer body 30 may have a heat diffusion portion formed in a spiral shape so as to turn around the shaft portion 31 as shown in FIG. 7, and as shown in FIG. 31 may have a plate-like heat diffusion portion extending in the extending direction. 7 and 8 is configured such that the distance from the heating element 20 increases in the orthogonal direction D2, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the length in the orthogonal direction D ⁇ b> 2 may be longer as it is closer to the heating element 20, and the length in the orthogonal direction D ⁇ b> 2 of the thermal diffusion part 32 is uniform in the direction extending to the shaft part 31. There may be. Further, in FIG. 8, the heat transfer body has a plurality of heat diffusion portions along the circumferential direction of the shaft portion, but the number of heat diffusion portions is not particularly limited.
  • the heat transfer body 30 may be configured to be disassembled in the flow direction D1.
  • the heat transfer body 30 may be a heat transfer body 30A having a T-shaped cross section that is detachably connected in the flow direction D1.
  • Such a heat transfer body 30 ⁇ / b> A includes, for example, a disk part 34 and a rod-like part 35 extending below the disk part 34. In the center of the disk portion 34, a recess 36 into which the rod-like portion 35 can be fitted is provided.
  • the heat transfer body 30A can be used as one unit, and the rod-like portion 35 of one heat transfer body 30A can be fitted into the recess 36 of the disk portion 34 of the other heat transfer body 30A and used integrally (see FIG. 10). .
  • the adsorbent granulated material 9 is filled up to the height of the heat transfer body 30A, and then the second heat transfer body is filled.
  • the heat transfer body 30 can be arranged and the adsorbent granulated product 9 can be filled. Therefore, filling of the adsorbent granulated material 9 is easy.
  • the cooling member 45 is configured such that the cooling member 45 located far from the heating element 20 is shorter in the direction away from the outer wall 40 than the cooling member 45 located near the heating element 20.
  • the lengths of the plurality of cooling members 45 in the direction away from the outer wall 40 may be the same.
  • the cooling member 45 may be configured to extend in a direction away from the outer wall 40 and also to extend in the height direction of the adsorbent filling unit 11 (flow direction of the processing target gas).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Central Air Conditioning (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)

Abstract

Un climatiseur 50 utilisé dans un espace R à climatiser, ledit espace comprenant un gaz, qui contient du dioxyde de carbone, à traiter, le climatiseur 50 étant pourvu d'une tour d'adsorption 10 à travers laquelle le gaz à traiter s'écoule, d'un matériau d'adsorption granulaire 9 qui remplit une partie remplie de matériau d'adsorption 11 à l'intérieur de la tour d'adsorption 10, et un corps de génération de chaleur 20 et un corps de transmission de chaleur 30 disposé sur la partie remplie de matériau d'adsorption 11, ledit corps de transmission de chaleur 30 s'étendant dans la direction d'écoulement du gaz à traiter, et le matériau d'adsorption adsorbant le dioxyde de carbone lorsque le gaz à traiter vient en contact avec celui-ci et désorbant le dioxyde de carbone adsorbé par le matériau d'adsorption lorsqu'il est chauffé.
PCT/JP2017/006175 2017-02-20 2017-02-20 Climatiseur et système de climatisation WO2018150583A1 (fr)

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