WO2018147719A1 - Apparatus for connecting a plurality of containers to a single outlet - Google Patents

Apparatus for connecting a plurality of containers to a single outlet Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018147719A1
WO2018147719A1 PCT/MY2017/050072 MY2017050072W WO2018147719A1 WO 2018147719 A1 WO2018147719 A1 WO 2018147719A1 MY 2017050072 W MY2017050072 W MY 2017050072W WO 2018147719 A1 WO2018147719 A1 WO 2018147719A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure
container
hydrogen
containers
generators
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/MY2017/050072
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Yoke Keen YEE
Albert KOK FOO NG
Chin Yang Chia
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Galaxy Fct Sdn. Bhd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Galaxy Fct Sdn. Bhd. filed Critical Galaxy Fct Sdn. Bhd.
Publication of WO2018147719A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018147719A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J7/00—Apparatus for generating gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
    • B01J4/008—Feed or outlet control devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
    • C01B3/065—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents from a hydride
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2204/00—Aspects relating to feed or outlet devices; Regulating devices for feed or outlet devices
    • B01J2204/005—Aspects relating to feed or outlet devices; Regulating devices for feed or outlet devices the outlet side being of particular interest
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00162—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00164—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the flow
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
    • C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
    • C01B2203/1628—Controlling the pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
    • C01B2203/1642—Controlling the product
    • C01B2203/1647—Controlling the amount of the product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Definitions

  • This invention relates to apparatus for connecting a plurality of containers to a single outlet, and, more particularly, for connecting a plurality of pressurised containers to a single outlet.
  • the term “container” encompasses a reactor for producing a gas for use in a chemical reaction.
  • This invention provides a solution to the problem by providing an arrangement in which a number of containers can be connected to a single outlet through which the gas from each container, separately or plurally, can exit.
  • apparatus for connecting a number of containers to a single outlet comprises a plurality of connectors, one for each container, for connecting that container to a feed pipe and a multi-connector for connecting all the feed pipes to a single outlet manifold, wherein each feed pipe is associated with its own means for determining the pressure in the container to which it is connected and a pressure adjusting means for controlling the pressure in the feed pipe.
  • the apparatus will also preferably have means for ensuring that the pressure in each feed pipe is substantially the same.
  • the pressure detecting means are preferably electronic pressure gauges and the pressure adjusting means are preferably electronic valves associated with a central control unit, preferably a microcontroller, for controlling the operation of the valves and other electronic features.
  • a central control unit preferably a microcontroller
  • the apparatus also preferably also has means for detecting and isolating any container that becomes empty or redundant so that that container can be replaced without shutting down the entire system.
  • the apparatus is especially useful when the containers are reactors for generating hydrogen for fuel cell applications since it will allow system designers many options that are not currently available.
  • the apparatus will, for example, allow higher fuel storage capacity without increasing the burden of increased storage weight and will also reduce or eliminate any risk of explosion which is always present in pressurised hydrogen systems.
  • the containers will be a plurality of individual hydrogen generators having valve means, and preferably regulators, for controlling the pressure and gas flow from each generator through the manifold to the fuel cell.
  • the hydrogen generators are connected to the manifold which is connected to the fuel cell.
  • a central control unit is used to determine when the various gas valves in the cluster of generators should be switched on and off and preferably will also serve to instruct the gas regulators to make any necessary changes in the operating pressure and flow rate of hydrogen flowing into each fuel cell and any other parameters necessary to ensure peak efficiency in the operation of the fuel cells.
  • the central control unit will also serve to detect if any hydrogen generator is operating erratically and, especially dangerously, and shut down that generator without affecting the generation of hydrogen in the remaining generators so that the feed of fuel to the to the fuel cell is not interrupted.
  • the water supply for the hydrogen generator may be arranged in many ways. It may, for example, in the form of a single large container that is connected to the hydrogen generators by multiple pipes or it may consist of smaller containers, one for each hydrogen generator. For a static fuel cell, it may even be piped from a water main.
  • the hydrogen generator of the invention is capable of storing the generated hydrogen under lower pressures than is currently used, to supply hydrogen directly to a fuel cell, for example, to generate electric power to power the drive train of an electric vehicle. It can also be deployed as a range extender power system for such vehicles.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing one form of hydrogen generator according to the prior art.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing one arrangement of connection for a cluster of hydrogen generators as shown in Fig. 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a variant of the hydrogen generator as in Fig. 2.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a modified compartmentalised clustered fuel canister for a hydrogen generator for use in the hydrogen generator of Fig. 2 or Fig. 3.
  • Pump 4 transfers water, from container 2, which is the liquid reactant for the conversion of a hydride fuel to hydrogen, in reactor 5, the hydrogen gas produced by the said reaction is stored inside the reactor 5.
  • Gas valve 6 controls release of the hydrogen gas into the fuel cell system 7. All the processes are monitored and controlled by a control unit 3 which receives signals from and transmits signals to each of the components of the system.
  • FIG. 2 As shown in Fig. 2, four hydrogen generators of the type shown in Fig. 1, but having a water heater 8 positioned between pumps 4 and reactors 5 are connected in parallel. Each component of the system is cross-connected to a central control unit 9 such that each component of the cluster can receive signals from and transmit signals to the control unit 9. Valves 6 feed into a single gas manifold 10, from which the generated hydrogen is fed into fuel cell 7.
  • the heaters 5 between water containers 2 and reactors 5 vaporise the water before it is passed to reactors 5 so that the hydrogen generating reaction can proceed more readily.
  • Fig. 3 shows a modification of the arrangement shown in Fig. 2 in which a gas regulator 11 is positioned between reactors 5 and valves 6 in each line. Gas regulators 11 allow the different lines of the cluster to operate at different pressures and flow rate if the need arises.
  • Fig. 4 shows a form of fuel canister housing 12 that allows a water source 13 to be connected to a plurality of hydrogen generators that can be controlled individually but feed to a common gas outlet 14 controlled by a single valve 15.
  • a plurality of solid hydrogen fuel cartridges 16 are disposed inside the housing 12 .
  • the cartridges 16 each have a central flow guiding structure 17.
  • a plurality of pumps 18 feed water from source 13 to flow through structure 17 after being heated by a heater 19 to produce steam.
  • the steam reacts violently with the fuel in cartridges 16 to produce a very large amount of hydrogen that can be released from outlet 14 to a fuel cell.
  • a central control system (not shown) is used to control and interact with the fuel cartridges
  • Each of the pumps 18 can be controlled individually or collectively based on a preset algorithm to provide the correct amount of hydrogen to the fuel cell.
  • Sodium borohydride is generally used as the fuel material and may be complimented with suitable catalyst materials.
  • Other hydrogen generating compounds are well known and include other metal hydrides, metal borohydride, and other hydrogen-rich organic or inorganic chemical compound can also be used.
  • liquid reactant for generating hydrogen instead of water, various organic solvents and acidic solutions could also be used.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

Apparatus for connecting a number of containers to a single outlet comprising a plurality of connectors, one for each container, for connecting that container to a pipe line, and a multi-connector for connecting all the pipe lines to a single manifold, wherein each pipe line is associated with its own means for determining the pressure in the container to which it is connected and a pressure adjusting means for controlling the pressure in the manifold.

Description

APPARATUS FOR CONNNECTING A PLURALITY OF CONTAINERS TO A SINGLE OUTLET
This invention relates to apparatus for connecting a plurality of containers to a single outlet, and, more particularly, for connecting a plurality of pressurised containers to a single outlet. For the purpose of this application the term “container” encompasses a reactor for producing a gas for use in a chemical reaction.
Many operations in many fields rely on the use of gases or liquidised gases, for use in, for example, chemical reactions, welding operations and, particularly, in recent times, fuel cells.
Many of these operations require gases which have to be under high pressure if they are not to be produced on site, which is usually the case. The main problems associated with the use of gases produced off site is that the higher the pressure that is needed to compress a gas to a given degree a gas the stronger the container that is to hold the compressed gas must be. Hence, for light weight gases such as hydrogen, the ratio of the weight of a cylinder for containing the gas to the weight of the contained gas is such that the amount of gas in a standard gas cylinder cannot be much above 5% of the total weight of the filled cylinder. This means that in operations where single standard gas cylinders have to be used over a long period of time, for example, to supply hydrogen as fuel to a fuel cell, the down time while cylinders have to be switched is exorbitant.
Surprisingly, to date, nobody seems to have come up with a solution to this problem and most systems rely on parallel banks of containers. This means that the fluid supply system becomes more bulky and with inflammable fluids increases the risk of explosion as the cylinders are changed.
This invention provides a solution to the problem by providing an arrangement in which a number of containers can be connected to a single outlet through which the gas from each container, separately or plurally, can exit.
According to the invention, apparatus for connecting a number of containers to a single outlet comprises a plurality of connectors, one for each container, for connecting that container to a feed pipe and a multi-connector for connecting all the feed pipes to a single outlet manifold, wherein each feed pipe is associated with its own means for determining the pressure in the container to which it is connected and a pressure adjusting means for controlling the pressure in the feed pipe.
When the containers are simple fluid containers the apparatus will also preferably have means for ensuring that the pressure in each feed pipe is substantially the same.
The pressure detecting means are preferably electronic pressure gauges and the pressure adjusting means are preferably electronic valves associated with a central control unit, preferably a microcontroller, for controlling the operation of the valves and other electronic features.
The apparatus also preferably also has means for detecting and isolating any container that becomes empty or redundant so that that container can be replaced without shutting down the entire system.
The apparatus is especially useful when the containers are reactors for generating hydrogen for fuel cell applications since it will allow system designers many options that are not currently available. The apparatus will, for example, allow higher fuel storage capacity without increasing the burden of increased storage weight and will also reduce or eliminate any risk of explosion which is always present in pressurised hydrogen systems.
In this case, the containers will be a plurality of individual hydrogen generators having valve means, and preferably regulators, for controlling the pressure and gas flow from each generator through the manifold to the fuel cell. The hydrogen generators are connected to the manifold which is connected to the fuel cell. A central control unit is used to determine when the various gas valves in the cluster of generators should be switched on and off and preferably will also serve to instruct the gas regulators to make any necessary changes in the operating pressure and flow rate of hydrogen flowing into each fuel cell and any other parameters necessary to ensure peak efficiency in the operation of the fuel cells.
Preferably, the central control unit will also serve to detect if any hydrogen generator is operating erratically and, especially dangerously, and shut down that generator without affecting the generation of hydrogen in the remaining generators so that the feed of fuel to the to the fuel cell is not interrupted.
The water supply for the hydrogen generator may be arranged in many ways. It may, for example, in the form of a single large container that is connected to the hydrogen generators by multiple pipes or it may consist of smaller containers, one for each hydrogen generator. For a static fuel cell, it may even be piped from a water main.
Among other advantageous functions, the hydrogen generator of the invention is capable of storing the generated hydrogen under lower pressures than is currently used, to supply hydrogen directly to a fuel cell, for example, to generate electric power to power the drive train of an electric vehicle. It can also be deployed as a range extender power system for such vehicles.
 Fig.1
is a block diagram showing one form of hydrogen generator according to the prior art.
Fig.2
is a block diagram showing one arrangement of connection for a cluster of hydrogen generators as shown in Fig. 1.
Fig.3
is a block diagram of a variant of the hydrogen generator as in Fig. 2.
Fig.4
is a schematic diagram of a modified compartmentalised clustered fuel canister for a hydrogen generator for use in the hydrogen generator of Fig. 2 or Fig. 3.
As shown in Fig. 1, a typical single hydrogen generator is used to provide hydrogen to a hydrogen fuel cell system comprises a water container 2 connected to a pump 4 by means of tubing. Pump 4 transfers water, from container 2, which is the liquid reactant for the conversion of a hydride fuel to hydrogen, in reactor 5, the hydrogen gas produced by the said reaction is stored inside the reactor 5. Gas valve 6 controls release of the hydrogen gas into the fuel cell system 7. All the processes are monitored and controlled by a control unit 3 which receives signals from and transmits signals to each of the components of the system.
As shown in Fig. 2, four hydrogen generators of the type shown in Fig. 1, but having a water heater 8 positioned between pumps 4 and reactors 5 are connected in parallel. Each component of the system is cross-connected to a central control unit 9 such that each component of the cluster can receive signals from and transmit signals to the control unit 9. Valves 6 feed into a single gas manifold 10, from which the generated hydrogen is fed into fuel cell 7.
The heaters 5 between water containers 2 and reactors 5 vaporise the water before it is passed to reactors 5 so that the hydrogen generating reaction can proceed more readily.
Fig. 3 shows a modification of the arrangement shown in Fig. 2 in which a gas regulator 11 is positioned between reactors 5 and valves 6 in each line. Gas regulators 11 allow the different lines of the cluster to operate at different pressures and flow rate if the need arises.
Fig. 4 shows a form of fuel canister housing 12 that allows a water source 13 to be connected to a plurality of hydrogen generators that can be controlled individually but feed to a common gas outlet 14 controlled by a single valve 15.
Inside the housing 12 a plurality of solid hydrogen fuel cartridges 16 are disposed. The cartridges 16 each have a central flow guiding structure 17. A plurality of pumps 18 feed water from source 13 to flow through structure 17 after being heated by a heater 19 to produce steam. The steam reacts violently with the fuel in cartridges 16 to produce a very large amount of hydrogen that can be released from outlet 14 to a fuel cell.
A central control system (not shown) is used to control and interact with the fuel cartridges
Each of the pumps 18 can be controlled individually or collectively based on a preset algorithm to provide the correct amount of hydrogen to the fuel cell.
Sodium borohydride is generally used as the fuel material and may be complimented with suitable catalyst materials. Other hydrogen generating compounds are well known and include other metal hydrides, metal borohydride, and other hydrogen-rich organic or inorganic chemical compound can also be used.
As the liquid reactant for generating hydrogen, instead of water, various organic solvents and acidic solutions could also be used.

Claims (11)

  1. Apparatus for connecting a number of containers to a single outlet comprising a plurality of connectors, one for each container, for connecting that container to a pipe line, and a multi-connector for connecting all the pipe lines to a single manifold, wherein each pipe line is associated with its own means for determining the pressure in the container to which it is connected and a pressure adjusting means for controlling the pressure in the manifold.
  2. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the container is a simple fluid container and the pipelines have means for ensuring that the pressure in each pipeline is substantially the same.
  3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the pressure detecting means are electronic pressure gauges.
  4. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the pressure adjusting means are electronic valves associated with a central control unit.
  5. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the control unit is a microcontroller for controlling the operation of the valves and other electronic features.
  6. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, having means for detecting and isolating any container that becomes empty or redundant so that that container can be replaced without shutting down the entire system.
  7. Apparatus according to anyone of claims 1 to 6, wherein the containers are reactors for generating hydrogen for fuel cell applications.
  8. Apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the containers are a cluster of individual hydrogen generators having regulator means to manipulate the pressure and gas flow from each generator.
  9. Apparatus according to claim 7 or claim 8, wherein the hydrogen generators are each connected to a fuel cell via a single manifold and a valve.
  10. Apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 9, having a central control unit to determine when the various gas valves in the cluster of generators are to be switched on and off and also serve to instruct various gas regulators to make any necessary changes in the operating pressure and flow rate of hydrogen flowing into each fuel cell and other parameters necessary to ensure peak efficiency in the operation of the fuel cells.
  11. Apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the central control unit serves to detect whether any of the hydrogen generators is operating erratically and/or dangerously, and shut down that generator without affecting the generation of hydrogen in the remaining generators.
PCT/MY2017/050072 2017-02-08 2017-11-17 Apparatus for connecting a plurality of containers to a single outlet WO2018147719A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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MYPI2017700438 2017-02-08

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU731003B3 (en) * 1999-11-19 2001-03-22 Water Corporation, The A system and method for removing a gas from a plurality of vessels
US20050061371A1 (en) * 2003-08-07 2005-03-24 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisaha Tank system including multiple tanks and control method thereof

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU731003B3 (en) * 1999-11-19 2001-03-22 Water Corporation, The A system and method for removing a gas from a plurality of vessels
US20050061371A1 (en) * 2003-08-07 2005-03-24 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisaha Tank system including multiple tanks and control method thereof

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