WO2018139135A1 - Power storage device and method for controlling charging of electric double-layer capacitor - Google Patents

Power storage device and method for controlling charging of electric double-layer capacitor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018139135A1
WO2018139135A1 PCT/JP2017/046088 JP2017046088W WO2018139135A1 WO 2018139135 A1 WO2018139135 A1 WO 2018139135A1 JP 2017046088 W JP2017046088 W JP 2017046088W WO 2018139135 A1 WO2018139135 A1 WO 2018139135A1
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electric double
layer capacitor
double layer
storage device
power storage
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PCT/JP2017/046088
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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佳博 堀
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株式会社村田製作所
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Publication of WO2018139135A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018139135A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G13/00—Apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing capacitors; Processes specially adapted for manufacturing capacitors not provided for in groups H01G4/00 - H01G11/00
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power storage device and an electric double layer capacitor charging control method.
  • Patent Document 1 describes that an electric double layer capacitor is suitable for an electric power storage system.
  • the main object of the present invention is to extend the life of a power storage device including an electric double layer capacitor.
  • the power storage device includes an electric double layer capacitor and a control unit.
  • the control unit controls the charging voltage supplied to the electric double layer capacitor.
  • the control unit changes the charging voltage according to the degree of deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor. For this reason, for example, if sufficient time for constant power discharge of the electric double layer capacitor can be secured even if the charging voltage is lowered, the deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor can be suppressed by lowering the charging voltage. it can. As a result, the life of the power storage device can be extended.
  • control unit increases the charging voltage as the deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor proceeds.
  • the control unit determines that the deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor has progressed when the accumulated usage time of the electric double layer capacitor exceeds a predetermined time, and increases the charging voltage. You may do.
  • the control unit measures whether or not the time during which the electric double layer capacitor can be discharged with constant power is equal to or longer than a predetermined time, and allows the electric double layer capacitor to perform constant power discharge. It may be determined that the deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor has progressed when the time becomes less than a predetermined time, and the charging voltage may be increased.
  • control unit may perform a constant power discharge of the charged electric double layer capacitor and measure a time during which the electric double layer capacitor can be discharged with a constant power.
  • the control unit performs a constant current discharge or a constant resistance discharge of the charged electric double layer capacitor, and estimates a time during which the electric double layer capacitor can be constant power discharged from the result. There may be.
  • control unit controls the charging voltage in a range equal to or lower than the rated voltage of the electric double layer capacitor.
  • the power storage device is connected to the electric double layer capacitor, and may further include a voltage control unit that controls the voltage of the power output from the power storage device to a constant voltage.
  • the electric double layer capacitor is charged with a voltage corresponding to the degree of deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a power storage device according to the first to third embodiments.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a charging process of the electric double layer capacitor in the first to third embodiments.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a deterioration degree determination step (step S1) in the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a deterioration degree determination step (step S1) in the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of the power storage device according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the power storage device 1 includes an electric double layer capacitor 11 and a control unit 12.
  • the electric double layer capacitor 11 constitutes a power storage unit having a function of storing power in the power storage device 1.
  • the power storage unit may be configured by a plurality of electric double layer capacitors.
  • the power storage unit may be configured by one or a plurality of electric double layer capacitors and power storage elements other than the electric double layer capacitors. Examples of the power storage element other than the electric double layer capacitor include a capacitor other than the electric double layer capacitor, a secondary battery, and the like.
  • the power storage unit includes a plurality of power storage elements including an electric double layer capacitor, the plurality of power storage elements may be connected in parallel or in series, for example.
  • the electric double layer capacitor 11 constituting the power storage unit is connected between the input and output of the power storage device 1.
  • Input to the power storage device 1 includes power such as power for charging the electric double layer capacitor 11, power for driving the control unit 12, and power output from the power storage device 1.
  • the output of the power storage device 1 is connected to an electronic device such as a server or a personal computer when the power storage device 1 is used as an uninterruptible power supply (UPS), for example.
  • UPS uninterruptible power supply
  • the power storage device 1 When the prescribed power is supplied to the input, the power storage device 1 outputs the prescribed output power from the output to an external electronic device or the like, and the prescribed power is not supplied to the input. Sometimes, a specified output power is supplied from the electric double layer capacitor 11 constituting the power storage unit over a predetermined period and output from the output. Further, when the electric power storage device 1 is in a state where the electric double layer capacitor 11 is not fully charged when the prescribed power is supplied to the input, the electric double layer capacitor 11 is charged. It is configured as follows.
  • the control unit 12 is connected to the electric double layer capacitor 11. In the present embodiment, specifically, the control unit 12 is connected between the input and the electric double layer capacitor 11.
  • the control unit 12 controls the charging voltage supplied to the electric double layer capacitor 11.
  • the control unit 12 changes the charging voltage of the electric double layer capacitor 11 according to the degree of deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 11. For this reason, for example, when sufficient time for constant power discharge of the electric double layer capacitor 11 can be secured even if the charging voltage is lowered, the deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 11 is suppressed by lowering the charging voltage. be able to. As a result, the life of the power storage device 1 can be extended.
  • the controller 12 lowers the charging voltage of the electric double layer capacitor 11 when the electric double layer capacitor 11 is not deteriorated, and increases the charging voltage as the deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 11 progresses. It is preferable that In this case, deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 11 can be suppressed while ensuring a sufficiently long time during which constant power can be output from the power storage device 1 when power supply from the input to the power storage device 1 is stopped. The life of the storage device 1 can be extended.
  • the charging voltage of the electric double layer capacitor 11 changes depending on the degree of deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 11.
  • the voltage control unit 13 is provided between the electric double layer capacitor 11 and the output.
  • the voltage control unit 13 controls the voltage of the power output from the output to a constant voltage by increasing or decreasing the voltage of the power output from the output as necessary. Therefore, the power storage device 1 can output power at a constant voltage regardless of the degree of deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 11.
  • the power storage device according to the present invention may not include the voltage control unit.
  • step S1 the control unit 12 determines whether or not the electric double layer capacitor 11 has deteriorated by a predetermined degree of deterioration.
  • step S1 When it is determined in step S1 that the electric double layer capacitor 11 has not deteriorated more than a predetermined deterioration level, the electric double layer capacitor 11 is charged in step S3.
  • step S1 the charging voltage in step S3 when the electric double layer capacitor 11 is not substantially deteriorated is set to V1.
  • the charging voltage V1 is usually less than the rated voltage of the electric double layer capacitor 11.
  • step S2 the charging voltage for the electric double layer capacitor 11 is boosted to a voltage V2 higher than V1. Is done. Thereafter, in step S3, the electric double layer capacitor 11 is charged with the voltage V2. Specifically, the usage time of the electric double layer capacitor 11 (the time during which the voltage of the electric double layer capacitor 11 is higher than 0 V (including the charging time, the time during which the electric double layer capacitor 11 is charged, and the discharging time are included). )) Becomes longer, the deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 11 proceeds.
  • step S1 If the deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 11 progresses to such an extent that the time during which the constant power discharge of the electric double layer capacitor 11 can be discharged is not sufficiently long when the charging voltage is set to V1, in step S1, the deterioration is more than a predetermined degree of deterioration. In step S2, the charging voltage is changed to V2, and in step S3, charging is performed with the voltage V2.
  • step S1 of the charging process it is determined that the electric double layer capacitor 11 has deteriorated by a predetermined deterioration level or more.
  • step S2 the charging voltage is boosted to a voltage V3 higher than the voltage V2.
  • the multilayer capacitor 11 is charged.
  • the charging voltage of the electric double layer capacitor 11 is preferably controlled within the range of the rated voltage of the electric double layer capacitor 11 or less. This is because when the charging voltage exceeds the rated voltage of the electric double layer capacitor 11, the electric double layer capacitor 11 is likely to deteriorate.
  • a method for determining whether or not the electric double layer capacitor 11 has deteriorated more than a predetermined deterioration degree is not particularly limited.
  • the accumulated usage time of the electric double layer capacitor 11 exceeds a predetermined time, it is determined that the electric double layer capacitor 11 has deteriorated more than a predetermined deterioration degree.
  • the charging voltage is boosted from V1 to V2.
  • the charging voltage is boosted from V2 to V3.
  • the control unit 12 stores a plurality of stages of accumulated use time, and sequentially increases the charging voltage based on the accumulated use time.
  • the degree of deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 11 is determined based on the accumulated usage time as in the present embodiment, the degree of deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 11 is measured or calculated every time the electric double layer capacitor 11 is charged. There is no necessity. Therefore, step S1 can be performed quickly. Further, it is not always necessary to provide a mechanism for discharging in the power storage device.
  • the accumulated usage time that is the criterion for determining the degree of deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 11 is, for example, charging and discharging of the electric double layer capacitor 11 in advance, and the accumulated usage time and the degree of deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 11. Correlation can be measured and determined based on it.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are referred to in common with the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a deterioration degree determination step (step S1) in the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a deterioration degree determination step (step S1) in the third embodiment.
  • the control unit 12 measures whether or not the time during which the electric double layer capacitor 11 can be discharged with constant power is equal to or longer than a predetermined time. It differs from the first embodiment in that it is determined that the deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 11 has progressed when the power dischargeable time is less than a predetermined time, and the charging voltage is increased.
  • step S11 the constant power discharge of the electric double layer capacitor 11 of the charged electric double layer capacitor 11 is actually performed by the control unit 12 in step S11.
  • the time during which constant power discharge is possible is actually measured.
  • step S12 the control unit 12 determines whether or not the time during which constant power discharge is possible (time during which constant power discharge was possible) measured in step S11 is equal to or longer than a predetermined time.
  • step S12 if it is determined that the time during which constant power discharge is possible is equal to or longer than the predetermined time, the process proceeds to step S3 (see FIG. 2). If it is determined that the time is less than the predetermined time, step Proceed to S2 (see FIG. 2).
  • the constant power output possible period of the power storage device 1 can be ensured more reliably.
  • step S13 constant current discharge or constant resistance discharge of the charged electric double layer capacitor 11 is performed by the control unit 12 in step S13.
  • step S14 the constant current discharge possible time is estimated by the control unit 12 based on the result of the constant current discharge or the constant resistance discharge performed in step S13.
  • step S15 the controller 12 determines whether or not the estimated constant current dischargeable time is equal to or longer than a predetermined time.
  • step S3 the estimated constant current dischargeable time is equal to or longer than the predetermined time
  • the process proceeds to step S3 shown in FIG. 2, and when it is determined that the estimated time is less than the predetermined time, the process is shown in FIG. Proceed to step S2. Since constant current discharge and constant resistance discharge are easier to control than constant power discharge, it is easier to determine the degree of deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 11 than in the second embodiment in which constant power discharge is actually performed. it can.
  • Power storage device 11 Electric double layer capacitor 12: Control unit 13: Voltage control unit

Abstract

The present invention addresses the problem of lengthening the product life of a power storage device provided with an electric double-layer capacitor. A power storage device 1 is provided with an electric double-layer capacitor 11 and a control unit 12. The control unit 12 controls the charging voltage supplied to the electric double-layer capacitor 11. The control unit 12 changes the charging voltage according to the degree of degradation of the electric double-layer capacitor 11.

Description

電力貯蔵装置及び電気二重層コンデンサの充電制御方法Power storage device and electric double layer capacitor charge control method
　本発明は、電力貯蔵装置及び電気二重層コンデンサの充電制御方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a power storage device and an electric double layer capacitor charging control method.
　従来、ＥＣＳ（Ｅｎｅｒｇｙ　Ｃａｐａｃｉｔｏｒ　Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ）等のコンデンサを用いた電力貯蔵システムが知られている。例えば、特許文献１には、電力貯蔵システムに電気二重層コンデンサが好適である旨が記載されている。 Conventionally, an electric power storage system using a capacitor such as ECS (Energy Capacitor System) is known. For example, Patent Document 1 describes that an electric double layer capacitor is suitable for an electric power storage system.
特許第３３１３５９８号公報Japanese Patent No. 3313598
　特許文献１にも記載されているように、電力貯蔵システムに電気二重層コンデンサを用いた場合、電気二重層コンデンサの劣化を如何に抑制し、電力貯蔵システムの寿命を長くするかが問題となる。 As described in Patent Document 1, when an electric double layer capacitor is used in the power storage system, how to suppress deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor and extend the life of the power storage system becomes a problem. .
　本発明の主な目的は、電気二重層コンデンサを備える電力貯蔵装置の長寿命化を図ることにある。 The main object of the present invention is to extend the life of a power storage device including an electric double layer capacitor.
　本発明に係る電力貯蔵装置は、電気二重層コンデンサと、制御部とを備えている。制御部は、電気二重層コンデンサに対して供給される充電電圧を制御する。制御部は、充電電圧を、電気二重層コンデンサの劣化の度合いに応じて変化させる。このため、例えば、充電電圧を低くしても電気二重層コンデンサの定電力放電可能な時間を十分に確保できる場合は、充電電圧を低くすることにより、電気二重層コンデンサの劣化を抑制することができる。その結果、電力貯蔵装置の長寿命化を図ることができる。 The power storage device according to the present invention includes an electric double layer capacitor and a control unit. The control unit controls the charging voltage supplied to the electric double layer capacitor. The control unit changes the charging voltage according to the degree of deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor. For this reason, for example, if sufficient time for constant power discharge of the electric double layer capacitor can be secured even if the charging voltage is lowered, the deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor can be suppressed by lowering the charging voltage. it can. As a result, the life of the power storage device can be extended.
　本発明に係る電力貯蔵装置では、制御部が、電気二重層コンデンサの劣化が進行するに従って、充電電圧を高くするものであることが好ましい。 In the power storage device according to the present invention, it is preferable that the control unit increases the charging voltage as the deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor proceeds.
　本発明に係る電力貯蔵装置では、制御部が、電気二重層コンデンサの積算使用時間が予め定められた時間を超えたときに電気二重層コンデンサの劣化が進行したものと判断し、充電電圧を高くするものであってもよい。 In the power storage device according to the present invention, the control unit determines that the deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor has progressed when the accumulated usage time of the electric double layer capacitor exceeds a predetermined time, and increases the charging voltage. You may do.
　本発明に係る電力貯蔵装置では、制御部が、電気二重層コンデンサの定電力放電可能な時間が予め定められた時間以上であるか否かを測定し、電気二重層コンデンサの定電力放電可能な時間が予め定められた時間未満になったときに電気二重層コンデンサの劣化が進行したものと判断し、充電電圧を高くするものであってもよい。 In the power storage device according to the present invention, the control unit measures whether or not the time during which the electric double layer capacitor can be discharged with constant power is equal to or longer than a predetermined time, and allows the electric double layer capacitor to perform constant power discharge. It may be determined that the deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor has progressed when the time becomes less than a predetermined time, and the charging voltage may be increased.
　本発明に係る電力貯蔵装置では、制御部が、充電された電気二重層コンデンサの定電力放電を行い、電気二重層コンデンサの定電力放電可能な時間を測定するものであってもよい。 In the power storage device according to the present invention, the control unit may perform a constant power discharge of the charged electric double layer capacitor and measure a time during which the electric double layer capacitor can be discharged with a constant power.
　本発明に係る電力貯蔵装置では、制御部が、充電された電気二重層コンデンサの定電流放電又は定抵抗放電を行い、その結果から電気二重層コンデンサの定電力放電可能な時間を推定するものであってもよい。 In the power storage device according to the present invention, the control unit performs a constant current discharge or a constant resistance discharge of the charged electric double layer capacitor, and estimates a time during which the electric double layer capacitor can be constant power discharged from the result. There may be.
　本発明に係る電力貯蔵装置では、制御部が、充電電圧を電気二重層コンデンサの定格電圧以下の範囲で制御するものであることが好ましい。 In the power storage device according to the present invention, it is preferable that the control unit controls the charging voltage in a range equal to or lower than the rated voltage of the electric double layer capacitor.
　本発明に係る電力貯蔵装置は、電気二重層コンデンサに接続されており、電力貯蔵装置から出力される電力の電圧を一定の電圧に制御する電圧制御部をさらに備えていてもよい。 The power storage device according to the present invention is connected to the electric double layer capacitor, and may further include a voltage control unit that controls the voltage of the power output from the power storage device to a constant voltage.
　本発明に係る電気二重層コンデンサの充電制御方法では、電気二重層コンデンサの劣化の度合いに応じた電圧で電気二重層コンデンサを充電する。 In the electric double layer capacitor charging control method according to the present invention, the electric double layer capacitor is charged with a voltage corresponding to the degree of deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor.
本発明によれば、電気二重層コンデンサを備える電力貯蔵装置の長寿命化を図ることができる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, lifetime improvement of an electric power storage apparatus provided with an electrical double layer capacitor can be achieved.
図１は、第１～第３の実施形態に係る電力貯蔵装置の略図的回路図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a power storage device according to the first to third embodiments. 図２は、第１～第３の実施形態における電気二重層コンデンサの充電工程を表すフローチャートである。FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a charging process of the electric double layer capacitor in the first to third embodiments. 図３は、第２の実施形態における劣化度合い判定工程（ステップＳ１）を表すフローチャートである。FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a deterioration degree determination step (step S1) in the second embodiment. 図４は、第３の実施形態における劣化度合い判定工程（ステップＳ１）を表すフローチャートである。FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a deterioration degree determination step (step S1) in the third embodiment.
　以下、本発明を実施した好ましい形態の一例について説明する。但し、下記の実施形態は、単なる例示である。本発明は、下記の実施形態に何ら限定されない。 Hereinafter, an example of a preferable embodiment in which the present invention is implemented will be described. However, the following embodiment is merely an example. The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
　（第１の実施形態）
　図１は、第１の実施形態に係る電力貯蔵装置の略図的回路図である。図１に示すように、電力貯蔵装置１は、電気二重層コンデンサ１１と、制御部１２とを備えている。 (First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of the power storage device according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the power storage device 1 includes an electric double layer capacitor 11 and a control unit 12.
　電気二重層コンデンサ１１は、電力貯蔵装置１において、電力を貯蔵する機能を担っている電力貯蔵部を構成している。本実施形態では、電力貯蔵部がひとつの電気二重層コンデンサ１１により構成されている例について説明する。もっとも、本発明に係る電力貯蔵装置は、この構成に限定されない。本発明に係る電力貯蔵装置では、複数の電気二重層コンデンサにより電力貯蔵部が構成されていてもよい。本発明に係る電力貯蔵装置は、例えば、１又は複数の電気二重層コンデンサと、電気二重層コンデンサ以外の蓄電素子とにより電力貯蔵部が構成されていてもよい。電気二重層コンデンサ以外の蓄電素子としては、例えば、電気二重層コンデンサ以外の種類のコンデンサや二次電池等が挙げられる。電力貯蔵部が電気二重層コンデンサを含む複数の蓄電素子により構成されている場合、それら複数の蓄電素子は、例えば、並列に接続されていてもよいし、直列に接続されていてもよい。 The electric double layer capacitor 11 constitutes a power storage unit having a function of storing power in the power storage device 1. In the present embodiment, an example in which the power storage unit is configured by one electric double layer capacitor 11 will be described. But the electric power storage apparatus which concerns on this invention is not limited to this structure. In the power storage device according to the present invention, the power storage unit may be configured by a plurality of electric double layer capacitors. In the power storage device according to the present invention, for example, the power storage unit may be configured by one or a plurality of electric double layer capacitors and power storage elements other than the electric double layer capacitors. Examples of the power storage element other than the electric double layer capacitor include a capacitor other than the electric double layer capacitor, a secondary battery, and the like. When the power storage unit includes a plurality of power storage elements including an electric double layer capacitor, the plurality of power storage elements may be connected in parallel or in series, for example.
　電力貯蔵部を構成している電気二重層コンデンサ１１は、電力貯蔵装置１の入力と出力との間に接続されている。電力貯蔵装置１の入力には、電気二重層コンデンサ１１を充電するための電力、制御部１２を駆動させるための電力、電力貯蔵装置１から出力される電力等の電力が入力される。電力貯蔵装置１の出力は、電力貯蔵装置１が例えば無停電電源装置（ＵＰＳ）等として用いられる場合は、サーバやパーソナルコンピュータ等の電子機器に接続される。 The electric double layer capacitor 11 constituting the power storage unit is connected between the input and output of the power storage device 1. Input to the power storage device 1 includes power such as power for charging the electric double layer capacitor 11, power for driving the control unit 12, and power output from the power storage device 1. The output of the power storage device 1 is connected to an electronic device such as a server or a personal computer when the power storage device 1 is used as an uninterruptible power supply (UPS), for example.
　電力貯蔵装置１は、入力に対して規定の電力が供給されているときには、出力から外部の電子機器等に対して規定の出力電力を出力し、入力に対して規定の電力が供給されなくなったときには、電力貯蔵部を構成している電気二重層コンデンサ１１から規定の出力電力が所定の期間にわたって供給されて出力から出力されるように構成されている。また、電力貯蔵装置１は、入力に対して規定の電力が供給されているときに電気二重層コンデンサ１１が満充電されていない状態である場合には、電気二重層コンデンサ１１の充電が行われるように構成されている。 When the prescribed power is supplied to the input, the power storage device 1 outputs the prescribed output power from the output to an external electronic device or the like, and the prescribed power is not supplied to the input. Sometimes, a specified output power is supplied from the electric double layer capacitor 11 constituting the power storage unit over a predetermined period and output from the output. Further, when the electric power storage device 1 is in a state where the electric double layer capacitor 11 is not fully charged when the prescribed power is supplied to the input, the electric double layer capacitor 11 is charged. It is configured as follows.
　電気二重層コンデンサ１１には、制御部１２が接続されている。本実施形態では、具体的には、制御部１２は、入力と電気二重層コンデンサ１１との間に接続されている。制御部１２は、電気二重層コンデンサ１１に対して供給される充電電圧を制御する。具体的には、制御部１２は、電気二重層コンデンサ１１の充電電圧を、電気二重層コンデンサ１１の劣化の度合いに応じて変化させる。このため、例えば、充電電圧を低くしても電気二重層コンデンサ１１の定電力放電可能な時間を十分に確保できる場合は、充電電圧を低くすることにより、電気二重層コンデンサ１１の劣化を抑制することができる。その結果、電力貯蔵装置１の長寿命化を図ることができる。 The control unit 12 is connected to the electric double layer capacitor 11. In the present embodiment, specifically, the control unit 12 is connected between the input and the electric double layer capacitor 11. The control unit 12 controls the charging voltage supplied to the electric double layer capacitor 11. Specifically, the control unit 12 changes the charging voltage of the electric double layer capacitor 11 according to the degree of deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 11. For this reason, for example, when sufficient time for constant power discharge of the electric double layer capacitor 11 can be secured even if the charging voltage is lowered, the deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 11 is suppressed by lowering the charging voltage. be able to. As a result, the life of the power storage device 1 can be extended.
　通常、電気二重層コンデンサ１１が劣化していないときには、電気二重層コンデンサ１１の充電電圧が低い場合であっても、電気二重層コンデンサ１１が満充電された状態から電気二重層コンデンサ１１の電圧が予め定められた電圧になるまで定電力放電可能な時間を十分に長く確保することができる。電気二重層コンデンサ１１の劣化が進行するに従って、電気二重層コンデンサ１１の充電電圧を高めなければ、電気二重層コンデンサ１１の定電力放電可能な時間を十分に長く確保することができなくなる。従って、制御部１２は、電気二重層コンデンサ１１が劣化していないときは、電気二重層コンデンサ１１の充電電圧を低くし、電気二重層コンデンサ１１の劣化が進行するに従って、充電電圧を高くするものであることが好ましい。この場合、入力から電力貯蔵装置１への電力供給が停止したときの電力貯蔵装置１からの定電力出力可能な時間を十分に長く確保しつつ、電気二重層コンデンサ１１の劣化を抑制でき、電力貯蔵装置１の長寿命化を図ることができる。 Normally, when the electric double layer capacitor 11 is not deteriorated, even if the charging voltage of the electric double layer capacitor 11 is low, the voltage of the electric double layer capacitor 11 is changed from a state where the electric double layer capacitor 11 is fully charged. It is possible to ensure a sufficiently long time during which constant power can be discharged until a predetermined voltage is reached. If the charge voltage of the electric double layer capacitor 11 is not increased as the deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 11 progresses, it will be impossible to ensure a sufficiently long time during which the electric double layer capacitor 11 can be discharged with constant power. Therefore, the controller 12 lowers the charging voltage of the electric double layer capacitor 11 when the electric double layer capacitor 11 is not deteriorated, and increases the charging voltage as the deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 11 progresses. It is preferable that In this case, deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 11 can be suppressed while ensuring a sufficiently long time during which constant power can be output from the power storage device 1 when power supply from the input to the power storage device 1 is stopped. The life of the storage device 1 can be extended.
　本実施形態では、電気二重層コンデンサ１１の充電電圧が電気二重層コンデンサ１１の劣化の度合いによって変化することとなる。しかしながら、電力貯蔵装置１では、電気二重層コンデンサ１１と出力との間に電圧制御部１３が設けられている。電圧制御部１３は、出力から出力される電力の電圧を必要に応じて昇圧又は減圧することにより、出力から出力される電力の電圧を一定の電圧に制御する。従って、電力貯蔵装置１は、電気二重層コンデンサ１１の劣化の度合いに関わらず、一定の電圧の電力を出力可能である。もっとも、本発明に係る電力貯蔵装置に、一定の電圧を出力が求められていないような場合には、本発明に係る電力貯蔵装置は、電圧制御部を備えていなくてもよい。 In this embodiment, the charging voltage of the electric double layer capacitor 11 changes depending on the degree of deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 11. However, in the power storage device 1, the voltage control unit 13 is provided between the electric double layer capacitor 11 and the output. The voltage control unit 13 controls the voltage of the power output from the output to a constant voltage by increasing or decreasing the voltage of the power output from the output as necessary. Therefore, the power storage device 1 can output power at a constant voltage regardless of the degree of deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 11. However, when the power storage device according to the present invention is not required to output a constant voltage, the power storage device according to the present invention may not include the voltage control unit.
　制御部１２における電気二重層コンデンサ１１の充電工程について、図２を参照しながら、さらに詳細に説明する。 The charging process of the electric double layer capacitor 11 in the control unit 12 will be described in more detail with reference to FIG.
　図２に示すように、電気二重層コンデンサ１１の充電工程においては、まず、ステップＳ１において、電気二重層コンデンサ１１が所定の劣化度合い以上劣化しているか否かが制御部１２により判断される。 As shown in FIG. 2, in the charging process of the electric double layer capacitor 11, first, in step S1, the control unit 12 determines whether or not the electric double layer capacitor 11 has deteriorated by a predetermined degree of deterioration.
　ステップＳ１において、電気二重層コンデンサ１１が所定の劣化度合い以上劣化していないと判断された場合には、ステップＳ３において、電気二重層コンデンサ１１の充電が行われる。ここで、ステップＳ１において、電気二重層コンデンサ１１が実質的に劣化していないときのステップＳ３における充電電圧をＶ１とする。充電電圧Ｖ１は、通常、電気二重層コンデンサ１１の定格電圧未満である。 When it is determined in step S1 that the electric double layer capacitor 11 has not deteriorated more than a predetermined deterioration level, the electric double layer capacitor 11 is charged in step S3. Here, in step S1, the charging voltage in step S3 when the electric double layer capacitor 11 is not substantially deteriorated is set to V1. The charging voltage V1 is usually less than the rated voltage of the electric double layer capacitor 11.
　一方、ステップＳ１において、電気二重層コンデンサ１１が所定の劣化度合い以上劣化していると判断された場合には、ステップＳ２において、電気二重層コンデンサ１１に対する充電電圧がＶ１よりも高い電圧Ｖ２に昇圧される。その後、ステップＳ３において、電圧Ｖ２で電気二重層コンデンサ１１の充電が行われる。具体的には、電気二重層コンデンサ１１の使用時間（電気二重層コンデンサ１１の電圧が０Ｖより高い状態にある時間（充電時間、電気二重層コンデンサ１１が充電されている時間及び放電時間を含む。））が長くなると電気二重層コンデンサ１１の劣化が進行する。充電電圧をＶ１としたときに、電気二重層コンデンサ１１の定電力放電可能な時間が十分に長く確保できない程度まで電気二重層コンデンサ１１の劣化が進行すると、ステップＳ１において、所定の劣化度合い以上劣化したものと判断され、ステップＳ２において充電電圧がＶ２に変更され、ステップＳ３において、電圧Ｖ２で充電が行われる。電気二重層コンデンサ１１が電圧Ｖ２で充電された場合であっても電気二重層コンデンサ１１の定電力放電可能な時間が十分に長く確保できない程度まで電気二重層コンデンサ１１の劣化が進行すると、その後の充電工程におけるステップＳ１において、電気二重層コンデンサ１１が所定の劣化度合い以上劣化したものと判断され、ステップＳ２において充電電圧が電圧Ｖ２よりも高い電圧Ｖ３に昇圧され、ステップ３において電圧Ｖ３で電気二重層コンデンサ１１の充電が行われる。このように、ステップＳ１において電気二重層コンデンサ１１の定電力放電可能な時間が十分に長く確保できない程度まで電気二重層コンデンサ１１の劣化が進行したと判断された場合に徐々に高く設定される。但し、電気二重層コンデンサ１１の充電電圧は、電気二重層コンデンサ１１の定格電圧以下の範囲で制御されることが好ましい。充電電圧が電気二重層コンデンサ１１の定格電圧を超えると電気二重層コンデンサ１１が劣化しやすくなるためである。 On the other hand, if it is determined in step S1 that the electric double layer capacitor 11 has deteriorated more than a predetermined degree of deterioration, in step S2, the charging voltage for the electric double layer capacitor 11 is boosted to a voltage V2 higher than V1. Is done. Thereafter, in step S3, the electric double layer capacitor 11 is charged with the voltage V2. Specifically, the usage time of the electric double layer capacitor 11 (the time during which the voltage of the electric double layer capacitor 11 is higher than 0 V (including the charging time, the time during which the electric double layer capacitor 11 is charged, and the discharging time are included). )) Becomes longer, the deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 11 proceeds. If the deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 11 progresses to such an extent that the time during which the constant power discharge of the electric double layer capacitor 11 can be discharged is not sufficiently long when the charging voltage is set to V1, in step S1, the deterioration is more than a predetermined degree of deterioration. In step S2, the charging voltage is changed to V2, and in step S3, charging is performed with the voltage V2. Even when the electric double layer capacitor 11 is charged with the voltage V2, if the deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 11 progresses to such an extent that the constant power discharge time of the electric double layer capacitor 11 cannot be ensured sufficiently long, In step S1 of the charging process, it is determined that the electric double layer capacitor 11 has deteriorated by a predetermined deterioration level or more. In step S2, the charging voltage is boosted to a voltage V3 higher than the voltage V2. The multilayer capacitor 11 is charged. Thus, when it is determined in step S1 that the deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 11 has progressed to such an extent that the electric double layer capacitor 11 can be discharged at a constant power for a sufficiently long time, the electric double layer capacitor 11 is gradually set higher. However, the charging voltage of the electric double layer capacitor 11 is preferably controlled within the range of the rated voltage of the electric double layer capacitor 11 or less. This is because when the charging voltage exceeds the rated voltage of the electric double layer capacitor 11, the electric double layer capacitor 11 is likely to deteriorate.
　ステップＳ１において、電気二重層コンデンサ１１が所定の劣化度合い以上劣化しているか否かを判断する方法は、特に限定されない。本実施形態では、電気二重層コンデンサ１１の積算使用時間が予め定められた時間を超えたときに電気二重層コンデンサ１１が所定の劣化度合い以上劣化したものと判断される。本実施形態では、具体的には、電気二重層コンデンサ１１の積算使用時間がｔ１を超えたときに、充電電圧がＶ１からＶ２に昇圧される。電気二重層コンデンサ１１の積算使用時間がｔ２（ｔ２＞ｔ１）を超えたときに、充電電圧がＶ２からＶ３に昇圧される。このように、制御部１２には、複数段階の積算使用時間が記憶されており、その積算使用時間に基づいて充電電圧の昇圧が順次行われる。本実施形態のように、積算使用時間により電気二重層コンデンサ１１の劣化度合いを判断する場合は、電気二重層コンデンサ１１の充電工程を行う度に電気二重層コンデンサ１１の劣化度合いを測定又は算出する必要が必ずしもない。従って、ステップＳ１を迅速に行うことができる。また、放電するための機構を電力貯蔵装置に設ける必要が必ずしも必要ない。 In step S1, a method for determining whether or not the electric double layer capacitor 11 has deteriorated more than a predetermined deterioration degree is not particularly limited. In this embodiment, when the accumulated usage time of the electric double layer capacitor 11 exceeds a predetermined time, it is determined that the electric double layer capacitor 11 has deteriorated more than a predetermined deterioration degree. Specifically, in the present embodiment, when the accumulated usage time of the electric double layer capacitor 11 exceeds t1, the charging voltage is boosted from V1 to V2. When the accumulated usage time of the electric double layer capacitor 11 exceeds t2 (t2> t1), the charging voltage is boosted from V2 to V3. As described above, the control unit 12 stores a plurality of stages of accumulated use time, and sequentially increases the charging voltage based on the accumulated use time. When the degree of deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 11 is determined based on the accumulated usage time as in the present embodiment, the degree of deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 11 is measured or calculated every time the electric double layer capacitor 11 is charged. There is no necessity. Therefore, step S1 can be performed quickly. Further, it is not always necessary to provide a mechanism for discharging in the power storage device.
　なお、電気二重層コンデンサ１１が所定の劣化度合いの判断基準となる積算使用時間は、例えば、電気二重層コンデンサ１１の充放電を予め行い、積算使用時間と電気二重層コンデンサ１１の劣化度合いとの相関関係を測定し、それに基づいて決定することができる。 Note that the accumulated usage time that is the criterion for determining the degree of deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 11 is, for example, charging and discharging of the electric double layer capacitor 11 in advance, and the accumulated usage time and the degree of deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 11. Correlation can be measured and determined based on it.
　以下、本発明の好ましい実施形態の他の例について説明する。以下の説明において、上記第１の実施形態と実質的に共通の機能を有する部材を共通の符号で参照し、説明を省略する。なお、下記の第２及び第３の実施形態において、図１及び図２を第１の実施形態と共通に参酌する。 Hereinafter, another example of the preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the following description, members having substantially the same functions as those of the first embodiment are referred to by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted. In the following second and third embodiments, FIGS. 1 and 2 are referred to in common with the first embodiment.
　（第２及び第３の実施形態）
　図３は、第２の実施形態における劣化度合い判定工程（ステップＳ１）を表すフローチャートである。図４は、第３の実施形態における劣化度合い判定工程（ステップＳ１）を表すフローチャートである。 (Second and third embodiments)
FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a deterioration degree determination step (step S1) in the second embodiment. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a deterioration degree determination step (step S1) in the third embodiment.
　第２及び第３の実施形態は、制御部１２が、電気二重層コンデンサ１１の定電力放電可能な時間が予め定められた時間以上であるか否かを測定し、電気二重層コンデンサ１１の定電力放電可能な時間が予め定められた時間未満となったときに電気二重層コンデンサ１１の劣化が進行したものと判断し、充電電圧を高くする点において、第１の実施形態と異なる。 In the second and third embodiments, the control unit 12 measures whether or not the time during which the electric double layer capacitor 11 can be discharged with constant power is equal to or longer than a predetermined time. It differs from the first embodiment in that it is determined that the deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 11 has progressed when the power dischargeable time is less than a predetermined time, and the charging voltage is increased.
　第２の実施形態では、具体的には、図３に示すように、ステップＳ１１において、制御部１２により、充電された電気二重層コンデンサ１１の電気二重層コンデンサ１１の定電力放電が実際に行われ、定電力放電可能な時間が実際に測定される。ステップＳ１２において、ステップＳ１１において測定された定電力放電可能な時間（定電力放電できた時間）が所定の時間以上か否かが制御部１２により判断される。ステップＳ１２において、定電力放電できた時間が所定の時間以上であると判断された場合は、ステップＳ３（図２を参照。）に進み、所定の時間未満であると判断された場合は、ステップＳ２（図２を参照。）に進む。 In the second embodiment, specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the constant power discharge of the electric double layer capacitor 11 of the charged electric double layer capacitor 11 is actually performed by the control unit 12 in step S11. The time during which constant power discharge is possible is actually measured. In step S12, the control unit 12 determines whether or not the time during which constant power discharge is possible (time during which constant power discharge was possible) measured in step S11 is equal to or longer than a predetermined time. In step S12, if it is determined that the time during which constant power discharge is possible is equal to or longer than the predetermined time, the process proceeds to step S3 (see FIG. 2). If it is determined that the time is less than the predetermined time, step Proceed to S2 (see FIG. 2).
　第２の実施形態では、定電力放電を実際に行った上で電気二重層コンデンサ１１の劣化度合いを判断し、充電電圧を決定する。このため、電力貯蔵装置１の定電力出力可能期間をより確実に担保することができる。 In the second embodiment, after the constant power discharge is actually performed, the degree of deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 11 is determined, and the charging voltage is determined. For this reason, the constant power output possible period of the power storage device 1 can be ensured more reliably.
　第３の実施形態では、具体的には、図４に示すように、ステップＳ１３において、充電された電気二重層コンデンサ１１の定電流放電又は定抵抗放電が制御部１２により行われる。次に、ステップＳ１４において、ステップＳ１３において行った定電流放電又は定抵抗放電の結果に基づいて定電流放電可能時間が制御部１２により推定される。次に、ステップＳ１５において、推定された定電流放電可能時間が所定時間以上であるか否かが制御部１２により判断される。ステップＳ１５において、推定された定電流放電可能時間が所定時間以上であると判断された場合は、図２に示すステップＳ３に進み、所定時間未満であると判断された場合は、図２に示すステップＳ２に進む。定電流放電や定抵抗放電は定電力放電よりも制御が簡単であるため、定電力放電を実際に行う第２の実施形態よりも電気二重層コンデンサ１１の劣化度合いの判断を容易に行うことができる。 In the third embodiment, specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, constant current discharge or constant resistance discharge of the charged electric double layer capacitor 11 is performed by the control unit 12 in step S13. Next, in step S14, the constant current discharge possible time is estimated by the control unit 12 based on the result of the constant current discharge or the constant resistance discharge performed in step S13. Next, in step S15, the controller 12 determines whether or not the estimated constant current dischargeable time is equal to or longer than a predetermined time. When it is determined in step S15 that the estimated constant current dischargeable time is equal to or longer than the predetermined time, the process proceeds to step S3 shown in FIG. 2, and when it is determined that the estimated time is less than the predetermined time, the process is shown in FIG. Proceed to step S2. Since constant current discharge and constant resistance discharge are easier to control than constant power discharge, it is easier to determine the degree of deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor 11 than in the second embodiment in which constant power discharge is actually performed. it can.
１　　　：電力貯蔵装置
１１　　：電気二重層コンデンサ
１２　　：制御部
１３　　：電圧制御部 1: Power storage device 11: Electric double layer capacitor 12: Control unit 13: Voltage control unit

Claims (9)

  1. 　電気二重層コンデンサと、
    　前記電気二重層コンデンサに対して供給される充電電圧を制御する制御部と、
    　を備え、
    　前記制御部は、前記充電電圧を、前記電気二重層コンデンサの劣化の度合いに応じて変化させる、電力貯蔵装置。     An electric double layer capacitor;
    A control unit for controlling the charging voltage supplied to the electric double layer capacitor;
    With
    The said control part is an electric power storage apparatus which changes the said charging voltage according to the degree of deterioration of the said electric double layer capacitor.
  2. 　前記制御部は、前記電気二重層コンデンサの劣化が進行するに従って、前記充電電圧を高くする、請求項１に記載の電力貯蔵装置。 The power storage device according to claim 1, wherein the control unit increases the charging voltage as the deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor progresses.
  3. 　前記制御部は、前記電気二重層コンデンサの積算使用時間が予め定められた時間を超えたときに前記電気二重層コンデンサの劣化が進行したものと判断し、前記充電電圧を高くする、請求項２に記載の電力貯蔵装置。 The control unit determines that the deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor has progressed when the accumulated usage time of the electric double layer capacitor exceeds a predetermined time, and increases the charging voltage. The power storage device described in 1.
  4. 　前記制御部は、前記電気二重層コンデンサの定電力放電可能な時間が予め定められた時間以上であるか否かを測定し、前記電気二重層コンデンサの定電力放電可能な時間が前記予め定められた時間未満になったときに前記電気二重層コンデンサの劣化が進行したものと判断し、前記充電電圧を高くする、請求項２に記載の電力貯蔵装置。 The control unit measures whether or not a constant power discharge time of the electric double layer capacitor is equal to or longer than a predetermined time, and the constant power discharge time of the electric double layer capacitor is the predetermined time. The power storage device according to claim 2, wherein it is determined that the deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor has progressed when the time is less than a predetermined time, and the charging voltage is increased.
  5. 　前記制御部は、充電された前記電気二重層コンデンサの定電力放電を行い、前記電気二重層コンデンサの定電力放電可能な時間を測定する、請求項４に記載の電力貯蔵装置。 The power storage device according to claim 4, wherein the control unit performs constant power discharge of the charged electric double layer capacitor and measures a time during which the electric double layer capacitor can be discharged with constant power.
  6. 　前記制御部は、充電された前記電気二重層コンデンサの定電流放電又は定抵抗放電を行い、その結果から前記電気二重層コンデンサの定電力放電可能な時間を推定する、請求項４に記載の電力貯蔵装置。 5. The power according to claim 4, wherein the controller performs a constant current discharge or a constant resistance discharge of the charged electric double layer capacitor, and estimates a constant power discharge time of the electric double layer capacitor from the result. Storage device.
  7. 　前記制御部は、前記充電電圧を前記電気二重層コンデンサの定格電圧以下の範囲で制御する、請求項１～６のいずれか一項に記載の電力貯蔵装置。 The power storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the control unit controls the charging voltage within a range equal to or lower than a rated voltage of the electric double layer capacitor.
  8. 　前記電気二重層コンデンサに接続されており、前記電力貯蔵装置から出力される電力の電圧を一定の電圧に制御する電圧制御部をさらに備える、請求項１～７のいずれか一項に記載の電力貯蔵装置。 The power according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a voltage control unit that is connected to the electric double layer capacitor and controls a voltage of the power output from the power storage device to a constant voltage. Storage device.
  9. 　電気二重層コンデンサの劣化の度合いに応じた電圧で前記電気二重層コンデンサを充電する、電気二重層コンデンサの充電制御方法。 A charge control method for an electric double layer capacitor in which the electric double layer capacitor is charged with a voltage corresponding to the degree of deterioration of the electric double layer capacitor.
PCT/JP2017/046088 2017-01-26 2017-12-22 Power storage device and method for controlling charging of electric double-layer capacitor WO2018139135A1 (en)

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