WO2018137299A1 - 一种卷扬式启闭机 - Google Patents

一种卷扬式启闭机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018137299A1
WO2018137299A1 PCT/CN2017/086134 CN2017086134W WO2018137299A1 WO 2018137299 A1 WO2018137299 A1 WO 2018137299A1 CN 2017086134 W CN2017086134 W CN 2017086134W WO 2018137299 A1 WO2018137299 A1 WO 2018137299A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
main shaft
driven gear
base
center
transmission key
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/086134
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王波
钟卫华
田建京
陈照
李学容
蒋平
陈军
郑殿东
任菲菲
郑春峰
孙永民
单凤军
陈家强
曾亚玲
陆海翔
Original Assignee
江苏省水利机械制造有限公司
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Application filed by 江苏省水利机械制造有限公司 filed Critical 江苏省水利机械制造有限公司
Publication of WO2018137299A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018137299A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
    • B66D1/28—Other constructional details
    • B66D1/30—Rope, cable, or chain drums or barrels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
    • B66D1/02—Driving gear
    • B66D1/12—Driving gear incorporating electric motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
    • B66D1/02—Driving gear
    • B66D1/14—Power transmissions between power sources and drums or barrels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
    • B66D1/28—Other constructional details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D2700/00—Capstans, winches or hoists
    • B66D2700/01—Winches, capstans or pivots
    • B66D2700/0183—Details, e.g. winch drums, cooling, bearings, mounting, base structures, cable guiding or attachment of the cable to the drum

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of mechanical equipment, and more particularly to improvements in a winch type hoist.
  • the hoisting hoist usually uses a steel cable or cable pulley as a spreader, and the gearing system is used to wind the hoisting cylinder and put the steel cable to drive the lifting and lowering of the workpiece.
  • the gearing system is used to wind the hoisting cylinder and put the steel cable to drive the lifting and lowering of the workpiece.
  • both ends of the steel cable are fixedly disposed on the surface of the hoisting cylinder, once the steel cable is unevenly arranged, great resistance will be generated during the process of receiving and releasing the steel cable, so that the final lifting movement is caused. It has become extremely unsatisfactory, which has greatly affected the use effect and working efficiency of the winch hoist.
  • the invention aims at the above problems, and proposes a winch type hoist with seventeen structure, good dustproof effect, good use stability and high action efficiency when used.
  • the technical solution of the present invention comprises: a hoisting cylinder, a base and a pair of fixing plates, a pair of the fixing plates are fixedly connected to the base, the hoisting cylinder is hinged between the two fixing plates; and the fixing plates are A dust cover wrapped around the hoisting cylinder is also fixedly connected.
  • the lower part of the dust cover is provided with a pair of elongated through holes for threading the cable
  • the base is slidably connected with a pair of oil-removing components located under the elongated through-holes
  • the oil-repellent assembly comprises a cylinder a tank, a boom, a piston and a pair of supporting springs, the cylinder is hollow and slidably coupled to the base, and a through hole for threading the cable is formed on the top surface and the bottom surface of the cylinder;
  • the oil tank is slidably connected to the inner wall of the cylinder body, and a pair of the supporting springs respectively abut on the top surface and the bottom surface of the oil tank, so that the oil tank is suspended in the middle of the cylinder body; the top surface of the cylinder body is also opened An oil-filling hole, the boom is disposed through the oil tank, and is fixedly connected under the oil-filling hole, wherein the boom is provided with an oil-filling passage communicating with the interior of the fuel tank, the piston is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the boom, and The side surface is in contact with the inner wall of the oil tank, and the oil tank is provided with an oil outlet hole on a side of the position of the axial center of the through hole, and the oil discharge hole is at the same level as the piston.
  • the hoist further includes a wiring assembly including a main shaft, a pair of wiring boards, a forward rotation drive system, and a reverse drive system, the main shaft being hinged on the two fixing plates and located at the hoisting cylinder and the base
  • the main surface of the main shaft is provided with two symmetrical and externally-rotated external threads.
  • the wiring board is slidably connected to the base, and the wiring board is provided with a threaded hole corresponding to the two external threads on the main shaft. a wire threading hole for threading the wire rope is disposed on the wiring board;
  • the spindle inversion is driven by the inversion drive system.
  • the forward rotation drive system includes a driving gear, a driven gear 1, a transmission key 1, a push rod, a pull rod, a coupling spring, and a separating spring, and the driving gear is fixedly connected to one side of the hoisting cylinder. And being coaxial with the hoisting cylinder, the driven gear is connected to the main shaft and linked to the driving gear through the synchronous belt;
  • the main shaft is provided with a sliding slot 1 on the inner side of the driven gear and having a length larger than the transmission key.
  • the lower part of the transmission key is slidably connected in the sliding slot one, and the driven gear is away from the center of the main shaft.
  • a slot 1 corresponding to the transmission key is disposed on the edge, the push rod passes through the driven gear 1 , and one end thereof extends into the slot 1 , and the combined spring is connected to the spindle And located on a side of the transmission key facing away from the center of the main shaft, the separation spring is connected to the main shaft and located on a side of the push rod toward the center of the main shaft;
  • the pull rod is in a C shape, and the middle portion of the pull rod 1 is slidably coupled to the base.
  • One end of the pull rod 1 is located on a side of the driven gear toward the center of the main shaft, and the other end of the pull rod is located at a back side of the joint spring.
  • the reverse driving system includes a driving gear 2, a driven gear 2, a transmission key 2, a push rod 2, a pull rod 2, a combined spring 2 and a separating spring 2.
  • the driving gear 2 is fixedly connected to the hoisting cylinder away from the driving gear. One side is coaxial with the hoisting cylinder, and the driven gear is sleeved on the main shaft and is coupled with the driving gear through the transition gear;
  • the main shaft is provided with a sliding slot 2 on the inner side of the driven gear and having a length larger than the transmission key 2.
  • the lower part of the transmission key 2 is slidably connected in the sliding slot 2, and the driven gear 2 faces the inner edge of the main shaft center.
  • the upper opening is provided with a slot 2 adapted to the transmission key 2, the push rod 2 is disposed through the driven gear 2, and one end thereof extends into the slot 2, and the coupling spring is sleeved to the main shaft, And located on the side of the transmission key two toward the center of the main shaft, the separation spring is sleeved on the main shaft and located on the side of the push rod 2 facing away from the center of the main shaft;
  • the tie rod 2 has a C-shape, and the middle portion of the tie rod 2 is slidably coupled to the base.
  • One end of the tie rod 2 is located on a side of the driven gear 2 toward the center of the main shaft, and the other end of the tie rod 2 is located at a separation spring 2 opposite to the main shaft.
  • One side of the center is located on a side of the driven gear 2 toward the center of the main shaft, and the other end of the tie rod 2 is located at a separation spring 2 opposite to the main shaft.
  • the forward rotation drive system includes a forward rotation motor and a pair of forward rotation trigger blocks, and the two forward rotation trigger blocks are fixedly connected to the base and located between two external threads, and the forward rotation motor is fixedly connected to the base. And connected to the detachable spindle;
  • the reverse drive system includes a reverse motor and a pair of reverse trigger blocks.
  • the two reverse trigger blocks are fixedly connected to the base and are located outside the two external threads.
  • the reverse motor is fixedly connected to the base. And connected to the detachable spindle;
  • the forward rotation motor and the reverse rotation motor are disposed on both sides of the main shaft.
  • the invention can easily and effectively prevent the dust on the surface of the cable by the dust cover, and effectively solves the problem that the hoist is affected due to the agglomeration of the dust.
  • the invention has the characteristics of compact structure, good dustproof effect and good use stability as a whole.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a dust cover in the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the oil-repellent component of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of a first embodiment of the wiring assembly of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a partial enlarged view of A of Figure 4,
  • Figure 6 is a partial enlarged view of B of Figure 4,
  • FIG 7 is a view showing the state of use of the first embodiment of the wiring assembly of the present invention, with reference to Figure 1,
  • FIG 8 is a diagram showing the state of use of the first embodiment of the wiring assembly of the present invention, with reference to Figure 2,
  • FIG. 9 is a view showing the state of use of the first embodiment of the wiring assembly of the present invention, with reference to Figure 3,
  • FIG 10 is a diagram showing the state of use of the first embodiment of the wiring assembly of the present invention, with reference to Figure 4,
  • Figure 11 is a view showing the state of use of the first embodiment of the wiring assembly of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view showing the structure of a second embodiment of the wiring assembly of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a block circuit diagram of a first embodiment of the wiring assembly of the present invention.
  • 1 is a hoisting cylinder
  • 2 is a base
  • 20 is a lubricating oil component
  • 201 is a cylinder
  • 2010 is a through hole
  • 2011 is a ball head
  • 202 is a fuel tank
  • 2020 is an oil hole
  • 203 is a boom
  • 2030 is Oil filling passage
  • 204 is a piston
  • 2040 is an oil hole
  • 205 is a support spring
  • 3 is a fixed plate
  • 4 is a dust cover
  • 40 is an elongated through hole
  • 5 is a wiring assembly, 50 is a collar, 51 is a main shaft, 511 is a chute one, 512 is a chute 2, and 52 is a wiring board;
  • 53 is a forward drive system
  • 531 is a drive gear one
  • 532 is a driven gear one
  • 533 is a drive key one
  • 534 is a push rod one
  • 535 is a pull rod one
  • 536 is a combined spring one
  • 537 is a separate spring one
  • 538 is positive Rotating motor
  • 539 is a forward rotation trigger block;
  • 54 is the reverse drive system
  • 541 is the drive gear 2
  • 542 is the driven gear 2
  • 543 is the drive key 2
  • 544 is the push rod 2
  • 545 is the tie rod 2
  • 546 is the combined spring 2
  • 547 is the split spring 2
  • 548 It is a reverse motor and 549 is a reverse trigger block.
  • the present invention as shown in FIGS. 1-13, includes a hoisting cylinder 1, a base 2, and a pair of fixing plates 3, a pair of the fixing plates 3 are fixedly coupled to the base 2, and the hoisting cylinder 1 is hinged to the two fixing plates. Between the two, the dust cover 4 wrapped around the hoisting cylinder 1 is fixedly connected between the two fixing plates 3. In this way, the dust cover can be easily and effectively prevented from adsorbing dust on the surface of the cable, thereby effectively solving the problem that the hoist is normally operated due to dust agglomeration.
  • the invention has the characteristics of compact structure, good dustproof effect and good use stability as a whole.
  • a pair of long through holes 40 for threading the cable are opened in the lower portion of the dust cover 4, and the base 2 is slidably connected with a pair of oil repellent assemblies 20 under the elongated through holes.
  • the assembly 20 includes a cylinder 201, a fuel tank 202, a boom 203, a piston 204, and a pair of support springs 205.
  • the cylinder 201 is hollow and slidably coupled to the base 2, the cylinder A through hole 2010 for inserting a steel cable is disposed on the top surface and the bottom surface of the 201; before the steel cable enters the hoisting cylinder, and after the hoisting cylinder is sent out, the cylinder body passes through the cylinder body, and the cylinder body is received with the steel cable , horizontal displacement during release, and free sliding on the base;
  • the oil tank 202 is slidably coupled to the inner wall of the cylinder 201, and a pair of the supporting springs 205 respectively abut against the top surface and the bottom surface of the oil tank, so that the oil tank 202 is suspended in the middle of the cylinder 201; the cylinder 201
  • An oiling hole is further disposed on the top surface of the oil tank 202, and the oil rod 202 is fixedly connected to the oil filling hole.
  • the oil rod 20 is opened in the hanging rod 203, and the oil filling passage 2030 is communicated with the oil tank 202.
  • the piston 204 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the boom 203, and the side surface thereof is in contact with the inner wall of the oil tank 202.
  • the oil tank 202 is provided with an oil outlet 2020 on a side of the position of the axial center of the through hole 2010.
  • the oil hole 2020 is at the same level as the piston 204.
  • the cable is static: at this time, the oil hole and the piston height are the same, so the oil hole will be blocked by the piston, so that the oil tank does not produce oil;
  • the wire rope moves at a constant speed: Since the cable still has a linear velocity, the fuel tank still sprays oil on the surface of the cable; fourth, the cable is decelerated to a standstill: as the wire speed gradually decreases, the fuel tank will be under the restoring force of the support spring. Up or down, so that the piston gradually moves to the same position as the oil outlet, and stops the oil.
  • the oil tank is sprayed toward the surface of the steel cable to lubricate and maintain the steel cable, and when the steel cable is stationary, the fuel injection can be automatically stopped, thereby Reduce the cost of use. As a whole, it has the characteristics of lubrication, good maintenance effect, stable work and high reliability.
  • At least one oil hole 2040 is defined in the piston 204.
  • the space above and below the piston is connected to effectively improve oil smoothness.
  • a control valve is disposed in the oil injection hole.
  • a plurality of anti-slip strips are disposed on a side surface of the oil tank 202 facing the axial center of the through hole, and a plurality of ball heads 2011 disposed toward the anti-slip strip are connected to the inner wall of the cylinder 201. Therefore, the ball head ensures that the steel cable always fits on the surface of the oil tank, and the friction between the steel cable and the oil tank is effectively enhanced by the anti-slip strip, so that the operation of the oil-removing component is more stable and reliable.
  • the hoist also includes a wiring assembly 5 including a main shaft 51, a pair of wiring boards 52, a forward rotation drive system 53 and a reverse drive system 54, the main shaft 51 being hinged on the two fixed plates 3, And between the hoisting cylinder 1 and the base 2, the surface of the main shaft 51 is provided with two symmetrical and externally-rotated external threads, and the wiring board 52 is slidably connected to the base 2 and the upper part of the wiring board 52 is opened. There is a threaded hole corresponding to the two external threads on the main shaft 51, and the wiring board 52 is provided with a threading hole for threading the cable;
  • the spindle 51 is reversed by the inversion drive system 54.
  • the cable When used, the cable will be placed in two threading holes respectively.
  • the forward rotation drive system acts, the two wiring boards move from the inside to the outside to complete the side-oriented wiring on the hoisting cylinder; when the reverse driving system acts, the two wiring boards move from the outer phase to the center. Thereby the wiring on the other side is completed on the hoist drum.
  • the uniform wiring on the surface of the hoisting cylinder can be realized by the alternate operation of the forward rotation drive system and the reverse rotation drive system, thereby effectively avoiding problems such as large running resistance of the equipment due to uneven wiring. As a whole, it has the characteristics of compact structure, good use stability and high efficiency when used.
  • the forward rotation drive system 53 includes a driving gear 531, a driven gear 532, a transmission key 533, a push rod 534, a pull rod 535, a combined spring 536, and a separating spring 537, the driving gear 531 is fixedly connected to one side of the hoisting cylinder 1 and coaxial with the hoisting cylinder 1, the driven gear 532 is sleeved on the main shaft 51, and the driving gear One 531 is linked by a synchronous belt;
  • the main shaft 51 is provided with a sliding groove 511 located on the inner side of the driven gear 532 and having a length larger than the transmission key 533.
  • the lower side of the transmission key 533 is slidably connected (a T-shaped, dovetail-shaped sliding structure can be adopted, The drive key is prevented from being pulled out when the drive key is not combined with the driven gear.
  • the driven gear 532 is disposed on the inner edge of the center of the main shaft 51, and is inserted into the inner edge of the main shaft 51.
  • the push rod 534 passes through the driven gear 532, and one end thereof extends into the slot 1.
  • the coupling spring 536 sleeves the main shaft 51 and is located at the transmission key 533 back. a side of the center of the main shaft 51, the separating spring 537 is sleeved with the main shaft 51, and is located at a side of the push rod 534 toward the center of the main shaft 51;
  • the pull rod 535 has a C-shape, and the middle portion of the pull rod 535 is slidably coupled to the base 2.
  • One end of the pull rod 535 is located at a side of the driven gear 532 toward the center of the main shaft 51, and the other end of the pull rod 535 Located on the side of the coupling spring 536 facing away from the center of the main shaft 51;
  • the reverse drive system 54 includes a driving gear two 541, a driven gear two 542, a transmission key two 543, a push rod two 544, a tie rod two 545, a coupling spring two 546 and a separation spring two 547, and the driving gear two 541 fixed It is connected to the side of the hoisting cylinder 1 away from the driving gear 531 and is coaxial with the hoisting cylinder 1.
  • the driven gear 542 is sleeved on the main shaft 51 and is coupled with the driving gear 541 through the transition gear. ;
  • the main shaft 51 is provided with a sliding slot 512 located on the inner side of the driven gear 542 and longer than the transmission key 543.
  • the lower part of the transmission key 543 is slidably connected (a T-shaped, dovetail-shaped sliding structure can be adopted,
  • the driven gear two 542 is open to the inner edge of the center of the main shaft 51, and the slot corresponding to the transmission key 543 is opened.
  • the push rod two 544 passes through the driven gear two 542, and one end thereof extends into the slot 2.
  • the coupling spring 546 sleeves the main shaft 51 and is located at the transmission key 543 toward the main shaft.
  • the separating spring 547 is sleeved with the main shaft 51 and located at the center of the push rod 544 facing away from the main shaft 51.
  • the tie rods 545 are C-shaped, and the middle portion of the tie rods 545 are slidably coupled to the base 2.
  • One end of the tie rods 545 is located on the side of the driven gears 542 toward the center of the main shaft 51, and the other end of the tie rods 545 Located on the side of the split spring two 547 that faces away from the center of the spindle.
  • the rotation direction of the driven gear 1 and the driven gear 2 will always be opposite.
  • the separation spring one, the combined spring two, the separation spring two plays an effective role of energy storage and accumulating force (due to the friction between the transmission key and the driven gear, therefore After the spring energy storage is completed, the friction force can be pushed out or pushed into the transmission key in an instant to ensure that the transmission key 1 and the transmission key 2 can be pushed; on the other hand, while waiting for the spring accumulating force, the idle transmission key is also
  • the action time provided by the docking of the slot in actual use, the drive key combined with the driven gear will be first pushed out to the outside of the slot, and the idling drive key will wait in the same line as the slot, and then Released by the coupling spring, it is momentarily pushed into the slot.
  • the forward and reverse rotation of the main shaft will be automatically performed after the hoisting cylinder is rotated, without manual intervention, and no circuit system intervention is required, and the process of forward and reverse rotation is directly driven by the mechanical structure, and the stability is excellent and has excellent performance. reliability.
  • a coupling ring 50 is fixedly connected to both ends of the coupling spring 536, the separating spring 537, the coupling spring 546, and the separating spring 547, and the collar 50 is sleeved with the spindle 51. Therefore, the coupling spring 1, the separation spring 1, the coupling spring 2, and the separation spring 2 are not twisted during use, so that the shape is more stable, the use effect is better, and the working state is better.
  • the outer surface of the transmission key is provided with a pair of ribs, and the inner wall of the slot 1 is provided with a pair of grooves 1 adapted to the ribs; thereby lifting the transmission key and the driven gear
  • the bonding force between the two, and the pushing force of the transmission key into the slot one makes the energy storage and release process of the coupling spring one and the separation spring one more reasonable and stable.
  • the outer surface of the transmission key 2 is provided with a pair of ribs 2, and the inner wall of the slot 2 is provided with an rib rib. A pair of grooves two.
  • the forward rotation drive system 53 includes a forward rotation motor 538 and a pair of forward rotation trigger blocks 539.
  • the two forward rotation trigger blocks 539 are fixedly connected to the base 2 and located at Between the two external threads, the forward rotation motor 538 is fixedly connected to the base 2 and is detachably connected to the main shaft 51;
  • the reverse drive system 54 includes a reverse motor 548 and a pair of reverse trigger blocks 549.
  • the two reverse trigger blocks 549 are fixedly coupled to the base 2 and are located outside the two external threads.
  • 548 is fixedly connected to the base 2 and connected to the detachable shaft 51;
  • the forward rotation motor 538 and the reverse rotation motor 548 are disposed on both sides of the main shaft 51.
  • the spindle rotates forward, the two wiring boards move from the inside to the outside.
  • the reverse trigger blocks on both sides are triggered, thereby turning off the forward rotation motor and starting the reverse rotation motor, so that the spindle Inverting, the two wiring boards move from the inner phase to the center.
  • the forward rotation trigger blocks on both sides are triggered, thereby turning off the reverse motor and starting the forward rotation motor, so that the spindle restarts the forward rotation. .
  • the forward and reverse rotation of the main shaft are respectively controlled by the forward rotation motor and the reverse rotation motor, and the structure is simple, the stability is good, the reliability is high, and the working state is stable.
  • the wiring assembly further includes a selection switch on both sides of the selection switch in which the forward rotation motor and the reverse rotation motor are connected in parallel, and the selection switch, the forward rotation trigger block and the reverse rotation trigger block are connected in series.
  • the wiring assembly further includes an overheat protection switch, and the selection switch, the forward rotation trigger block, and the reverse rotation trigger block are connected in series with the overheat protection switch. As shown in Fig. 13, since the forward rotation motor and the reverse rotation motor alternately work during the operation, and the startup load is relatively large, the wiring assembly as a whole is well and effectively protected by the added overheat protection switch.

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Abstract

一种卷扬式启闭机，包括卷扬筒（1）、底座（2）和一对固定板（3），一对所述固定板（3）固定连接在底座（2）上，所述卷扬筒（1）铰接于两固定板（3）之间；两所述固定板（3）之间还固定连接有包裹在卷扬筒（1）外的防尘罩（4）。通过上述结构，卷扬式启闭机整体结构精巧、防尘效果好、使用稳定性好。

Description

一种卷扬式启闭机 技术领域
本发明涉及机械设备领域，尤其涉及其中卷扬式启闭机的改进。
背景技术
卷扬式启闭机通常用钢索或钢索滑轮组作吊具，并通过齿轮传动系统使卷扬筒绕、放钢索从而带动工件升降的机械设备。然而，人们在实际使用时发现，由于绕设在卷扬筒上的钢索长时间裸露在外，因此，钢索表面上极易吸附灰尘并凝结成块，从而给钢索的正常使用带来了极大的影响。
此外，由于钢索的两端均固定设置在卷扬筒的表面上，因此，一旦钢索绕设不均匀，将在钢索收、放过程中产生极大的阻力，使其最终的升降运动变得极为不畅，大幅影响了卷扬式启闭机的使用效果以及工作效率。
发明内容
本发明针对以上问题，提出了一种结构精巧、防尘效果好、使用稳定性好且使用时动作效率高的卷扬式启闭机。
本发明的技术方案为：包括卷扬筒、底座和一对固定板，一对所述固定板固定连接在底座上，所述卷扬筒铰接于两固定板之间；两所述固定板之间还固定连接有包裹在卷扬筒外的防尘罩。
所述防尘罩下部开设有一对用于穿设钢索的长条形通孔，所述底座上滑动连接有一对位于长条形通孔下方的润油组件，所述润油组件包括筒体、油箱、吊杆、活塞和一对支撑弹簧，所述筒体呈空心状、且滑动连接在底座上，所述筒体的顶面和底面上均开设有用于穿设钢索的通孔；
所述油箱滑动连接在筒体的内壁上，一对所述支撑弹簧分别抵在油箱的顶面和底面上，使得所述油箱悬浮在筒体的中部；所述筒体的顶面上还开设有注油孔，所述吊杆穿设所述油箱、且固定连接在注油孔下方，所述吊杆内开设有与油箱内部连通的注油通道，所述活塞固定连接在吊杆底端、且其侧表面与油箱的内壁相贴合，所述油箱朝向通孔的轴心所在位置的一侧开设有出油孔，所述出油孔与活塞处于同一水平面上。
所述启闭机还包括布线组件，所述布线组件包括主轴、一对布线板、正转驱动系统和反转驱动系统，所述主轴铰接在两固定板上、且位于卷扬筒和底座之间，所述主轴表面上设有两段对称设置且旋向相反的外螺纹，所述布线板滑动连接在底座上、且布线板上部开设有与主轴上两段外螺纹相适配的螺纹孔，所述布线板上开设有用于穿设钢索的穿线孔；
通过所述正转驱动系统驱动所述主轴正转；
通过所述反转驱动系统驱动所述主轴反转。
所述正转驱动系统包括主动齿轮一、从动齿轮一、传动键一、推杆一、拉杆一、结合弹簧一和分离弹簧一，所述主动齿轮一固定连接在卷扬筒的一侧、且与卷扬筒同轴心，所述从动齿轮一套接在主轴上、且与主动齿轮一通过同步带相联动；
所述主轴上开设有位于从动齿轮一内侧且长度大于传动键一的滑槽一，所述传动键一的下部滑动连接在滑槽一中，所述从动齿轮一背向主轴中心的内缘上开设有与传动键一适配的插槽一，所述推杆一穿设所述从动齿轮一、且其一端伸入至插槽一中，所述结合弹簧一套接所述主轴、且位于传动键一背向主轴中心的一侧，所述分离弹簧一套接所述主轴、且位于推杆一朝向主轴中心的一侧；
所述拉杆一呈C字形、且拉杆一的中部滑动连接在底座上，所述拉杆一的一端位于从动齿轮一朝向主轴中心的一侧、且拉杆一的另一端位于结合弹簧一背向主轴中心的一侧；
所述反转驱动系统包括主动齿轮二、从动齿轮二、传动键二、推杆二、拉杆二、结合弹簧二和分离弹簧二，所述主动齿轮二固定连接在卷扬筒远离主动齿轮一的一侧、且与卷扬筒同轴心，所述从动齿轮二套接在主轴上、且与主动齿轮二通过过渡齿轮相联动；
所述主轴上开设有位于从动齿轮二内侧且长度大于传动键二的滑槽二，所述传动键二的下部滑动连接在滑槽二中，所述从动齿轮二朝向主轴中心的内缘上开设有与传动键二适配的插槽二，所述推杆二穿设所述从动齿轮二、且其一端伸入至插槽二中，所述结合弹簧二套接所述主轴、且位于传动键二朝向主轴中心的一侧，所述分离弹簧二套接所述主轴、且位于推杆二背向主轴中心的一侧；
所述拉杆二呈C字形、且拉杆二的中部滑动连接在底座上，所述拉杆二的一端位于从动齿轮二朝向主轴中心的一侧、且拉杆二的另一端位于分离弹簧二背向主轴中心的一侧。
所述正转驱动系统包括正转电机和一对正转触发块，两所述正转触发块固定连接在底座上、且位于两段外螺纹之间，所述正转电机固定连接在底座上、且与主轴可拆卸的相连接；
所述反转驱动系统包括反转电机和一对反转触发块，两所述反转触发块固定连接在底座上、且位于两段外螺纹之外，所述反转电机固定连接在底座上、且与主轴可拆卸的相连接；
所述正转电机和反转电机分设在主轴的两侧。
本发明通过防尘罩简单、有效的避免钢索表面吸附灰尘，有效解决了因灰尘结块而影响启闭机正常运作的问题。本发明从整体上具有结构精巧、防尘效果好以及使用稳定性好的特点。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图，
图2是本发明中防尘罩的结构示意图，
图3是本发明中润油组件的结构示意图；
图4是本发明中布线组件第一种实施例的结构示意图，
图5是图4的A处局部放大图，
图6是图4的B处局部放大图，
图7是本发明中布线组件第一种实施例的使用状态参考图一，
图8是本发明中布线组件第一种实施例的使用状态参考图二，
图9是本发明中布线组件第一种实施例的使用状态参考图三，
图10是本发明中布线组件第一种实施例的使用状态参考图四，
图11是本发明中布线组件第一种实施例的使用状态参考图五；
图12是本发明中布线组件第二种实施例的结构示意图，
图13是本发明中布线组件第一种实施例的模块电路图；
图中1是卷扬筒，2是底座，20是润油组件，201是筒体，2010是通孔，2011是球头，202是油箱，2020是出油孔，203是吊杆，2030是注油通道，204是活塞，2040是过油孔，205是支撑弹簧，3是固定板，4是防尘罩，40是长条形通孔；
5是布线组件，50是套环，51是主轴，511是滑槽一，512是滑槽二，52是布线板；
53是正转驱动系统，531是主动齿轮一，532是从动齿轮一，533是传动键一，534是推杆一，535是拉杆一，536是结合弹簧一，537是分离弹簧一，538是正转电机，539是正转触发块；
54是反转驱动系统，541是主动齿轮二，542是从动齿轮二，543是传动键二，544是推杆二，545是拉杆二，546是结合弹簧二，547是分离弹簧二，548是反转电机，549是反转触发块。
具体实施方式
本发明如图1-13所示，包括卷扬筒1、底座2和一对固定板3，一对所述固定板3固定连接在底座2上，所述卷扬筒1铰接于两固定板3之间；两所述固定板3之间还固定连接有包裹在卷扬筒1外的防尘罩4。这样，即可通过防尘罩简单、有效的避免钢索表面吸附灰尘，有效解决了因灰尘结块而影响启闭机正常运作的问题。本发明从整体上具有结构精巧、防尘效果好以及使用稳定性好的特点。
所述防尘罩4下部开设有一对用于穿设钢索的长条形通孔40，所述底座2上滑动连接有一对位于长条形通孔下方的润油组件20，所述润油组件20包括筒体201、油箱202、吊杆203、活塞204和一对支撑弹簧205，所述筒体201呈空心状、且滑动连接在底座2上，所述筒体 201的顶面和底面上均开设有用于穿设钢索的通孔2010；使得钢索进入卷扬筒之前，以及送出卷扬筒之后，均将经过筒体，且筒体将随钢索收、放时的横向位移而在底座上自由滑动；
所述油箱202滑动连接在筒体201的内壁上，一对所述支撑弹簧205分别抵在油箱的顶面和底面上，使得所述油箱202悬浮在筒体201的中部；所述筒体201的顶面上还开设有注油孔，所述吊杆203穿设所述油箱202、且固定连接在注油孔下方，所述吊杆203内开设有与油箱202内部连通的注油通道2030，所述活塞204固定连接在吊杆203底端、且其侧表面与油箱202的内壁相贴合，所述油箱202朝向通孔2010的轴心所在位置的一侧开设有出油孔2020，所述出油孔2020与活塞204处于同一水平面上。使用时，可分为以下几种情况：一、钢索静止：此时出油孔与活塞高度一致，因此出油孔将被活塞堵住，使得油箱不出油；二、钢索加速运动：钢索在获得线速度后，将通过摩擦力带动油箱上行或下行，从而使得出油孔和活塞交错，进而使得油箱向钢索表面喷油，对其进行润滑；三、钢索匀速运动：同理，由于钢索仍具有线速度，因此油箱仍向钢索表面喷油；四、钢索减速运动至静止：随着钢索线速度的逐渐变小，油箱将在支撑弹簧的回复力作用下上行或下行，从而使得活塞逐渐运动至与出油孔等高的位置，停止出油。
综上所述，本发明中钢索每次的收、放过程中，油箱均朝向钢索表面喷油，对其进行润滑和养护，而在钢索静止时，则可自动停止喷油，从而降低使用成本。从整体上具有对钢索润滑、养护效果好，工作稳定且可靠性高的特点。
所述活塞204上开设有至少一过油孔2040。使得活塞之上和之下的空间相连通，从而有效提升出油顺畅度。
所述注油孔中设有控制阀。
所述油箱202朝向通孔的轴心所在位置的一侧表面上设有若干防滑条，所述筒体201的内壁上连接有若干朝向防滑条设置的球头2011。从而通过球头确保钢索始终贴合于油箱的表面上，并通过防滑条有效增强钢索与油箱之间的摩擦力，从而使得润油组件的工作更为稳定、可靠。
所述启闭机还包括布线组件5，所述布线组件5包括主轴51、一对布线板52、正转驱动系统53和反转驱动系统54，所述主轴51铰接在两固定板3上、且位于卷扬筒1和底座2之间，所述主轴51表面上设有两段对称设置且旋向相反的外螺纹，所述布线板52滑动连接在底座2上、且布线板52上部开设有与主轴51上两段外螺纹相适配的螺纹孔，所述布线板52上开设有用于穿设钢索的穿线孔；
通过所述正转驱动系统53驱动所述主轴51正转；
通过所述反转驱动系统54驱动所述主轴51反转。使用时钢索将分别置于两穿线孔中， 当正转驱动系统作用时，两布线板由内向外往两侧运动，从而在卷扬筒上完成一侧朝向的布线；当反转驱动系统作用时，两布线板由外相内往中心运动，从而在卷扬筒上完成另一侧朝向的布线。这样，通过正转驱动系统和反转驱动系统的交替工作即可实现在卷扬筒表面上的均匀布线，从而有效避免了因布线不均匀而造成的设备运行阻力大等问题。从整体上具有结构精巧、使用稳定性好以及使用时动作效率高的特点。
下面，根据两种正转驱动系统以及两种反转驱动系统，以两种实施例的形式对布线组件及其工作过程进行详细阐述：
实施例一，如图4-11所示：所述正转驱动系统53包括主动齿轮一531、从动齿轮一532、传动键一533、推杆一534、拉杆一535、结合弹簧一536和分离弹簧一537，所述主动齿轮一531固定连接在卷扬筒1的一侧、且与卷扬筒1同轴心，所述从动齿轮一532套接在主轴51上、且与主动齿轮一531通过同步带相联动；
所述主轴51上开设有位于从动齿轮一532内侧且长度大于传动键一533的滑槽一511，所述传动键一533的下部滑动连接(可采用T字形、燕尾形的滑动结构，以避免传动键一与从动齿轮一不结合时被甩出)在滑槽一511中，所述从动齿轮一532背向主轴51中心的内缘上开设有与传动键一533适配的插槽一，所述推杆一534穿设所述从动齿轮一532、且其一端伸入至插槽一中，所述结合弹簧一536套接所述主轴51、且位于传动键一533背向主轴51中心的一侧，所述分离弹簧一537套接所述主轴51、且位于推杆一534朝向主轴51中心的一侧；
所述拉杆一535呈C字形、且拉杆一535的中部滑动连接在底座2上，所述拉杆一535的一端位于从动齿轮一532朝向主轴51中心的一侧、且拉杆一535的另一端位于结合弹簧一536背向主轴51中心的一侧；
所述反转驱动系统54包括主动齿轮二541、从动齿轮二542、传动键二543、推杆二544、拉杆二545、结合弹簧二546和分离弹簧二547，所述主动齿轮二541固定连接在卷扬筒1远离主动齿轮一531的一侧、且与卷扬筒1同轴心，所述从动齿轮二542套接在主轴51上、且与主动齿轮二541通过过渡齿轮相联动；
所述主轴51上开设有位于从动齿轮二542内侧且长度大于传动键二543的滑槽二512，所述传动键二543的下部滑动连接(可采用T字形、燕尾形的滑动结构，以避免传动键二与从动齿轮二不结合时被甩出)在滑槽二512中，所述从动齿轮二542朝向主轴51中心的内缘上开设有与传动键二543适配的插槽二，所述推杆二544穿设所述从动齿轮二542、且其一端伸入至插槽二中，所述结合弹簧二546套接所述主轴51、且位于传动键二543朝向主轴51中心的一侧，所述分离弹簧二547套接所述主轴51、且位于推杆二544背向主轴51中心的 一侧；
所述拉杆二545呈C字形、且拉杆二545的中部滑动连接在底座2上，所述拉杆二545的一端位于从动齿轮二542朝向主轴51中心的一侧、且拉杆二545的另一端位于分离弹簧二547背向主轴中心的一侧。
如图7所示，当传动键一处于插槽一中时，主轴将在从动齿轮一的带动下正转，使得两布线板由内向外往两侧运动；此时，传动键二位于插槽二外，从动齿轮二空转；此后，如图8所示，当两布线板向外滑动至极限时将压缩分离弹簧一和结合弹簧二，待分离弹簧一和结合弹簧二储能完毕、且传动键二和插槽二处于同一直线上时，如图9所示，传动键一将瞬间被推杆一顶出插槽一，而传动键二将瞬间被推入插槽二，从而由从动齿轮二带动主轴进行反转，使得两布线板由外相内往中心运动；
此后，如图10所示，当两布线板向内滑动至极限时将通过拉杆一、拉杆二分别压缩结合弹簧一和分离弹簧二，待结合弹簧一和分离弹簧二储能完毕、且传动键一和插槽一处于同一直线上时，如图11所示，传动键二将瞬间被推杆二顶出插槽二，而传动键一将瞬间被推入插槽一，从而由从动齿轮一带动主轴进行反转，使得两布线板由外相内往中心运动；
上述过程中，由于主动齿轮一与从动齿轮一通过同步带联动，而主动齿轮二与从动齿轮二通过过渡齿轮联动，因此，从动齿轮一、从动齿轮二的旋向将始终相反。而本案中结合弹簧一、分离弹簧一、结合弹簧二、分离弹簧二的设置，一方面起到了有效的储能、蓄力的作用(由于传动键与从动齿轮之间具有摩擦力，因此当弹簧储能完毕后可瞬间克服摩擦力推出或推入传动键)，以确保传动键一、传动键二可被推动；另一方面，在等待弹簧蓄力期间，也给空转的一传动键和插槽的对接提供的动作时间，其实际使用时，与从动齿轮相结合的传动键将率先被顶出至插槽外，而空转的传动键将等待与插槽处于同一直线上时，再由结合弹簧释放，将其瞬间推入插槽中。
本发明中主轴的正反转将在卷扬筒旋转后自动进行，无需人工干预，也无需电路系统介入，其正反转的过程均有机械结构直接驱动，稳定性极好且具有极佳的可靠性。
所述结合弹簧一536、分离弹簧一537、结合弹簧二546、分离弹簧二547的两端均固定连接有套环50，所述套环50套接所述主轴51。从而使得结合弹簧一、分离弹簧一、结合弹簧二、分离弹簧二在使用过程中无扭转，使其形态更为稳定、使用效果更好、工作状态更佳。
所述传动键一的外表面上设有一对凸棱一，所述插槽一的内壁上开设有与凸棱一适配的一对凹槽一；从而提升传动键一与从动齿轮一之间的结合力，以及传动键一进入插槽一的推入力，使得结合弹簧一、分离弹簧一的储能、释放过程更为合理、稳定。
所述传动键二的外表面上设有一对凸棱二，所述插槽二的内壁上开设有与凸棱二适配的 一对凹槽二。从而提升传动键二与从动齿轮二之间的结合力，以及传动键二进入插槽二的推入力，使得结合弹簧二、分离弹簧二的储能、释放过程更为合理、稳定。
实施例二，如图12-13所示：所述正转驱动系统53包括正转电机538和一对正转触发块539，两所述正转触发块539固定连接在底座2上、且位于两段外螺纹之间，所述正转电机538固定连接在底座2上、且与主轴51可拆卸的相连接；
所述反转驱动系统54包括反转电机548和一对反转触发块549，两所述反转触发块549固定连接在底座2上、且位于两段外螺纹之外，所述反转电机548固定连接在底座2上、且与主轴51可拆卸的相连接；
所述正转电机538和反转电机548分设在主轴51的两侧。当主轴正转时，两布线板由内向外往两侧运动，待布线板向外运行至极限位置时将触发两侧的反转触发块，从而关闭正转电机、启动反转电机，使得主轴反转、两布线板由外相内往中心运动，待布线板向内运行至极限位置时将触发两侧的正转触发块，从而关闭反转电机、启动正转电机，使得主轴重新开始正转。
本发明中主轴的正反转分别由正转电机和反转电机控制，其结构简单、稳定性好、可靠性高且工作状态稳定。
所述布线组件还包括选择开关，所述正转电机和反转电机并联的选择开关的两侧，所述选择开关、正转触发块和反转触发块相串联。
所述布线组件还包括过热保护开关，所述选择开关、正转触发块、反转触发块与过热保护开关相串联。如图13所示，由于正转电机、反转电机在工作过程中交替工作、且启动负载相对较大，因此本案中通过增设的过热保护开关对布线组件整体进行了良好、有效的保护。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种卷扬式启闭机，包括卷扬筒、底座和一对固定板，一对所述固定板固定连接在底座上，所述卷扬筒铰接于两固定板之间；其特征在于，两所述固定板之间还固定连接有包裹在卷扬筒外的防尘罩。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种卷扬式启闭机，其特征在于，所述防尘罩下部开设有一对用于穿设钢索的长条形通孔，所述底座上滑动连接有一对位于长条形通孔下方的润油组件，所述润油组件包括筒体、油箱、吊杆、活塞和一对支撑弹簧，所述筒体呈空心状、且滑动连接在底座上，所述筒体的顶面和底面上均开设有用于穿设钢索的通孔；
    所述油箱滑动连接在筒体的内壁上，一对所述支撑弹簧分别抵在油箱的顶面和底面上，使得所述油箱悬浮在筒体的中部；所述筒体的顶面上还开设有注油孔，所述吊杆穿设所述油箱、且固定连接在注油孔下方，所述吊杆内开设有与油箱内部连通的注油通道，所述活塞固定连接在吊杆底端、且其侧表面与油箱的内壁相贴合，所述油箱朝向通孔的轴心所在位置的一侧开设有出油孔，所述出油孔与活塞处于同一水平面上。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种卷扬式启闭机，其特征在于，所述启闭机还包括布线组件，所述布线组件包括主轴、一对布线板、正转驱动系统和反转驱动系统，所述主轴铰接在两固定板上、且位于卷扬筒和底座之间，所述主轴表面上设有两段对称设置且旋向相反的外螺纹，所述布线板滑动连接在底座上、且布线板上部开设有与主轴上两段外螺纹相适配的螺纹孔，所述布线板上开设有用于穿设钢索的穿线孔；
    通过所述正转驱动系统驱动所述主轴正转；
    通过所述反转驱动系统驱动所述主轴反转。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种卷扬式启闭机，其特征在于，所述正转驱动系统包括主动齿轮一、从动齿轮一、传动键一、推杆一、拉杆一、结合弹簧一和分离弹簧一，所述主动齿轮一固定连接在卷扬筒的一侧、且与卷扬筒同轴心，所述从动齿轮一套接在主轴上、且与主动齿轮一通过同步带相联动；
    所述主轴上开设有位于从动齿轮一内侧且长度大于传动键一的滑槽一，所述传动键一的下部滑动连接在滑槽一中，所述从动齿轮一背向主轴中心的内缘上开设有与传动键一适配的插槽一，所述推杆一穿设所述从动齿轮一、且其一端伸入至插槽一中，所述结合弹簧一套接所述主轴、且位于传动键一背向主轴中心的一侧，所述分离弹簧一套接所述主轴、且位于推杆一朝向主轴中心的一侧；
    所述拉杆一呈C字形、且拉杆一的中部滑动连接在底座上，所述拉杆一的一端位于从动齿轮一朝向主轴中心的一侧、且拉杆一的另一端位于结合弹簧一背向主轴中心的一侧；
    所述反转驱动系统包括主动齿轮二、从动齿轮二、传动键二、推杆二、拉杆二、结合弹簧二和分离弹簧二，所述主动齿轮二固定连接在卷扬筒远离主动齿轮一的一侧、且与卷扬筒同轴心，所述从动齿轮二套接在主轴上、且与主动齿轮二通过过渡齿轮相联动；
    所述主轴上开设有位于从动齿轮二内侧且长度大于传动键二的滑槽二，所述传动键二的下部滑动连接在滑槽二中，所述从动齿轮二朝向主轴中心的内缘上开设有与传动键二适配的插槽二，所述推杆二穿设所述从动齿轮二、且其一端伸入至插槽二中，所述结合弹簧二套接所述主轴、且位于传动键二朝向主轴中心的一侧，所述分离弹簧二套接所述主轴、且位于推杆二背向主轴中心的一侧；
    所述拉杆二呈C字形、且拉杆二的中部滑动连接在底座上，所述拉杆二的一端位于从动齿轮二朝向主轴中心的一侧、且拉杆二的另一端位于分离弹簧二背向主轴中心的一侧。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种卷扬式启闭机，其特征在于，所述正转驱动系统包括正转电机和一对正转触发块，两所述正转触发块固定连接在底座上、且位于两段外螺纹之间，所述正转电机固定连接在底座上、且与主轴可拆卸的相连接；
    所述反转驱动系统包括反转电机和一对反转触发块，两所述反转触发块固定连接在底座上、且位于两段外螺纹之外，所述反转电机固定连接在底座上、且与主轴可拆卸的相连接；
    所述正转电机和反转电机分设在主轴的两侧。
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