WO2018133900A1 - Installation d'énergie autonome - Google Patents

Installation d'énergie autonome Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018133900A1
WO2018133900A1 PCT/DE2018/100024 DE2018100024W WO2018133900A1 WO 2018133900 A1 WO2018133900 A1 WO 2018133900A1 DE 2018100024 W DE2018100024 W DE 2018100024W WO 2018133900 A1 WO2018133900 A1 WO 2018133900A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
photovoltaic
heat
plant according
combined
memory cell
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2018/100024
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Wolfgang Hornig
Original Assignee
Bpe International Dr. Hornig Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bpe International Dr. Hornig Gmbh filed Critical Bpe International Dr. Hornig Gmbh
Priority to EP18704138.9A priority Critical patent/EP3571724A1/fr
Publication of WO2018133900A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018133900A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/052—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/052—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
    • H01L31/0521—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • H02S10/10—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power including a supplementary source of electric power, e.g. hybrid diesel-PV energy systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
    • H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
    • H10N10/13—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the heat-exchanging means at the junction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an autonomous energy plant for the conversion of solar radiation into electrical energy; It is particularly suitable for use in unexplored areas without network infrastructure.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an autonomous energy system for the decentralized conversion of solar radiation into electrical energy with a low-cost energy storage, which makes it possible to ensure a largely uniform generation profile of the emitted electrical power even with temporally fluctuating intensity of the solar radiation.
  • the autonomous power plant has at least three modules, namely in each case at least one base photovoltaic module, a combined photovoltaic thermo-generator module and a thermo-generator memory cell, which are each separately networked by means of power and data lines with a control and regulation unit.
  • the control and regulation unit is used to regulate power peaks and power valleys of the individual modules and their units.
  • the base photovoltaic module comprises a base photovoltaic element, the combined photovoltaic thermo-generator module, a combination photovoltaic element and a combination Peltier element, and finally the thermo-generator memory cell, a memory cell Peltier element.
  • base the combined photovoltaic thermo-generator module
  • combination photovoltaic element a combination photovoltaic element and a combination Peltier element
  • thermo-generator memory cell a memory cell Peltier element
  • the memory cell Peltier element has a first and a second thermal contact surface and, when used as intended, the first thermal contact surface is oriented towards the sun during the daytime, so that the first thermal contact surface is directly or indirectly heated by the solar radiation
  • the second thermal contact surface is located On the side of the memory cell Peltier element which lies opposite the first thermal contact surface, it is connected to a heat conducting body of a material with high thermal conductivity, for example a metallic material, in a thermally contacting manner
  • the heat-conducting body materials are aluminum or copper alloys.
  • thermo generator memory cell further has a heat insulating container which is open on one side and filled with a heat storage material.
  • the heat conduction per is embedded in the heat storage material in the heat insulating, whereby heat storage material and heat conducting body are in direct contact.
  • the walls of the heat insulating container consist of a thermally insulating material, for example a ceramic. Alternatively, they may be constructed in a generally known manner thermally insulating, for example double-walled.
  • the heat insulating container can be designed, for example, as a rectangular, open-topped box into which the heat-conducting body with the memory cell Peltier element mounted on its upper side is inserted.
  • the memory cell Peltier element is arranged in the region of the opening of the michisolier representativesers, wherein the first thermal contact surface to the outside, d. h., in normal operation in the direction of the sun, is directed.
  • the first thermal contact surface of the memory cell Peltier element is always located outside of the heat storage material.
  • the Peltier element may only be in contact with the heat storage material in the lateral regions directly adjacent to the second thermal contact surface.
  • the opening of the insulating container may be closed by a cover which has a recess in the region of the Peltier element or is permeable to heat radiation.
  • a heat-radiation-permeable cover for example of a thermally conductive material, on the first thermal contact surface of the memory cell Peltier element.
  • One of the advantages of the autonomous energy system is that by means of the control and regulation unit power peaks and power valleys of the individual modules and components are balanced among one another and thus a largely uniform generation profile of the electrical power output is present.
  • the thermal generator cell is exposed to incident solar radiation during the daytime.
  • the first thermal contact surface of the memory cell Peltier element heats up and a temperature gradient builds up between the first heating thermal contact surface and the second, cooler thermal contact surface. This in turn leads to the formation of a heat flow from the first thermal contact surface towards the second thermal contact surface, which is converted into electric current in the Peltier element and dissipated as usable energy.
  • the temperature of the second thermal contact surface increases and there is a temperature gradient between the latter and the thermal storage material in thermal contact with it via the heat-conducting body. Heat flows from the second thermal contact surface to the heat storage material and heats it up. The storage of heat takes place in the heat storage material as internal energy.
  • thermogenerator memory cell is in the subsequent night, ie after sunset, continue, usually unchanged, exposed to a day compared to the cooler ambient atmosphere.
  • the temperature of the first thermal contact area of the memory cell Peltier element drops.
  • the second thermal contact surface is in thermal contact with the heat storage material heated during the daytime, the temperature at the second thermal contact surface of the memory cell Peltier element - after sufficient external cooling - is higher than that of the first thermal contact surface.
  • a negative thermal gradient now results between the first and second thermal contact surfaces with a temperature gradient that is opposite during the heating-up period.
  • the forming heat flow is converted into electrical energy in the memory cell Peltier element and dissipated as usable energy.
  • the heat storage material Due to the heat flow from the heat storage material via the heat conducting body, the second and the first thermal contact surface of the memory cell Peltier element towards the ambient atmosphere, the heat storage material cools during this nocturnal cooling period. Finally, it comes to temperature compensation, ie, the temperature of the heat storage material corresponds to the temperature of the ambient atmosphere.
  • thermo generator memory cell with self-charging energy storage
  • electrical energy is generated simultaneously in the basic photovoltaic module and in the combined photovoltaic thermo-generator module. Caching the thermal energy during the daytime in the heat storage material allows the stored energy to be used for electricity production during the following night time.
  • Another advantage of the autonomous energy system is that the power dip of the base and the combined photovoltaic elements due to the heating at very strong solar radiation can be compensated by an increased electrical energy conversion in the networked Peltier elements.
  • the number and size of the Peltier elements, in particular those of the combined Peltier elements are selected so that they are just sufficient to compensate for the power loss due to the heating of the photovoltaic elements, which is specific for the respective location.
  • the plant is particularly suitable for decentralized use in geo- graphical locations with greatly varying solar radiation intensity and pronounced temperature differences between daytime and nighttime, for example in the undeveloped desert areas of developing and emerging countries.
  • control and regulation unit can be connected to an accumulator for intermediate storage of electrical energy.
  • accumulators in particular improves the short-time compensation of electrical power fluctuations.
  • the heat storage material of the thermal generator storage cell is preferably a formun relies and volume-resistant material, ie, for example, a Fluids sity, a granulate or a mixture thereof. Mold-resistant materials have the advantage that they completely fill the space between the heat insulating container and the heat-conducting body. The large contact surface between heat conducting body and heat storage material ensures an intensive heat transfer. Water is particularly suitable as a heat storage material, since it has a high heat capacity; In addition, it can be inexpensively replaced or refilled.
  • Granules or mixtures of granules and liquids have the advantage that it is possible to set a defined, uniform distance between the heat conducting body and the heat insulating container within the thermal generator storage cell.
  • the granules may be present as granular materials, for example sand, or as powdery materials, such as rock flour.
  • mixtures of granules and liquids apart from a stable distance from the heat-conducting body to the heat-insulating container, a particularly intensive heat transfer through the liquid component is ensured by the granule component.
  • Particularly advantageous as energy storage material are mixtures of porous granules, for example based on bentonite or zeolite, and water, since heat can also be latently stored as heat of adsorption.
  • the heat storage material according to one embodiment of the invention, a phase change material with a phase change in the temperature range of 10 ° C to 50 ° C.
  • the advantage of the phase change material is that due to the partial heat storage as latent heat, the storage capacity of the heat storage material is significantly increased.
  • Such a phase change material may for example be present as a liquid in the high temperature range and as a solid in the lower temperature range.
  • the heat conducting body is positively inserted into the opening of the heat insulating, so that the heat insulating is largely closed by the heat conducting body and the Peltier element mounted thereon. Heat flows into or out of the heat insulating container take place in the sentlichen over the memory cell Peltier element; Loss heat flows are avoided or reduced. In addition, the leakage of the heat storage material, for example during transport of the thermal generator memory cell prevented.
  • the heat-conducting body is a metal foam.
  • the large specific surface of the metal foams and the resulting large contact surface with the heat storage material allows efficient heat transfer. Particularly suitable are open-pored metal foams, since these are completely penetrated in a thermo generator memory cell with liquid heat storage material, so that the heat transfer also takes place via the inner surfaces of the metal foam.
  • the thermal generator storage cell has a storage cell photovoltaic element which is connected in thermal contact with the first thermal contact surface of the memory cell Peltier element; the storage cell photovoltaic element is separately connected to the control unit.
  • the one or more base photovoltaic elements of the base photovoltaic module are thermally contacting mounted on a float.
  • the floating body is made of a metallic material, for example of an aluminum alloy, a titanium alloy or another light metal alloy. It has a waterproof sandwich construction, preferably with a cover plate, a base plate and a thin sheet metal structure arranged between the two.
  • the thin sheet structure may be, for example, a corrugated iron structure, a honeycomb structure, a closed-cell metal foam or a folded honeycomb structure.
  • one or more closed cavities are formed, which are enclosed by the walls of the thin sheet structure, the bottom plate and / or the cover plate.
  • the energy system can have one or more solar radiation sensors, by means of which the instantaneous value of the global solar radiation, ie the intensity of the total direct and diffuse solar radiation, can be detected. They are each connected to the control and regulation unit through power and data lines. It can further be provided that the combined Peltier element of the combined photovoltaic thermo-generator module is thermally contacting areally mounted on the combi-photovoltaic element, wherein the combined Peltier element and the combined Fotovoltaikelement independently connected by power and data lines with the control and regulation unit are. This allows the targeted control of the combination Peltier element for heating or cooling of the combined photovoltaic element, so that it can be operated in an optimum temperature range.
  • a temperature sensor connected to the control and regulation unit by means of power and data lines is mounted on the combination photovoltaic element for determining its actual temperature.
  • the control and regulation unit is set up to determine a desired temperature of the combined photovoltaic element from a stored temperature characteristic, the actual temperature and the instantaneous value of the global solar radiation, and the combination Peltier element as a heat pump for selectively heating or cooling the combi - operate photovoltaic elements.
  • the combined photovoltaic thermo-generator module can have a heat sink, which is attached in a thermally contacting manner on the contact surface of the combined Peltier element opposite the combi-photovoltaic element.
  • the heat sink can in turn be made buoyant, wherein the heat sink is made of a metallic material and has a waterproof sandwich construction.
  • the combined photovoltaic thermo-generator module is balanced in such a way that the combined photovoltaic element is always above the water surface in the floating state.
  • the control and regulation unit 5 networks the modules of the energy system, namely the basic photovoltaic module 1, the combined photovoltaic thermal generator module 2 and the thermo generator memory cell 3, by means of the power and data lines 7 and regulates the power output of the converted from the incident solar radiation 8 electrical energy at the DC take-off point 6.
  • the intensity of the incident global solar radiation 8 can be determined by means of the solar radiation sensor 9 connected by the power and data lines 7 to the control and regulation unit 5.
  • the base photovoltaic module 1 has the watertight float 1 .2 on which the base photovoltaic element 1 .1 is attached in a thermally contacting manner.
  • the three-part floating body 1 .2 itself consists of a cover plate, a bottom plate and the intervening thin-sheet honeycomb structure (each without reference numerals).
  • the combined Peltier element 2.2 and the combined photovoltaic element 2.1 of the combined photovoltaic thermo-generator module 2 are each connected to the control and regulation unit 5 with separate power and data lines 7. Another power and data line 7 leads to the temperature sensor 2.4 attached to the combined photovoltaic element 2.1.
  • the combined Peltier element 2.2 stands on its surface facing away from the solar radiation in thermal contact with the heat sink 2.3 attached thereto.
  • the memory cell Peltier element 3.1 is connected via power and data lines 7 to the control and regulation unit 5; On the underside of the memory cell Peltier element 3.1, the heat-conducting body 3.2 is fastened in a thermally contacting manner from an open-pore aluminum foam.
  • the heat-conducting body 3.2 is inserted so that at least the bottom surface of the heat-conducting body 3.2 completely immersed in the heat storage material 3.4.
  • the heat storage material 3.4 is water.
  • the heat insulating 3.3 is made of a thermally insulating ceramic.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une installation d'énergie autonome destinée à la conversion de rayonnement solaire (8) en énergie électrique et dotée d'un accumulateur d'énergie économique pour le stockage de pointes de puissance et pour la compensation de creux de puissance pour fournir un profil de génération, en grande partie régulier, de la puissance électrique délivrée. L'installation d'énergie comporte un module photovoltaïque de base (1), un module photovoltaïque générateur thermique combiné (2) ainsi qu'une cellule d'accumulation de générateur thermique (3) qui sont reliés dans un réseau au moyen d'une unité de commande et de régulation (5). Ladite installation est particulièrement appropriée à la mise en œuvre dans des zones non construites sans infrastructure de distribution d'énergie.
PCT/DE2018/100024 2017-01-23 2018-01-15 Installation d'énergie autonome WO2018133900A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18704138.9A EP3571724A1 (fr) 2017-01-23 2018-01-15 Installation d'énergie autonome

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017101160.9 2017-01-23
DE102017101160 2017-01-23
DE102017119974.8 2017-08-31
DE102017119974.8A DE102017119974A1 (de) 2017-01-23 2017-08-31 Autonome Energieanlage

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018133900A1 true WO2018133900A1 (fr) 2018-07-26

Family

ID=62568126

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE2018/100024 WO2018133900A1 (fr) 2017-01-23 2018-01-15 Installation d'énergie autonome

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3571724A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE102017104791B3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018133900A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018128872A1 (de) * 2018-11-16 2020-05-20 Bpe E.K. Schwimmfähige, solarbetriebene Wasseraufbereitungsvorrichtung

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US20140130844A1 (en) * 2012-11-14 2014-05-15 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Solar power generator
US20150300693A1 (en) * 2012-12-28 2015-10-22 Youngbae SONG Heat Storage Tank Used In Solar Heat Power System, Solar Heat Dynamo Used Therein And Solar Heat Power System Including The Same
WO2015190123A1 (fr) * 2014-06-13 2015-12-17 国立大学法人九州大学 Installation d'alimentation en énergie autonome équipée d'une unité d'alimentation en combustible hydrogène de véhicule et d'un chargeur de véhicule électrique exploitant la lumière solaire

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992013362A1 (fr) * 1991-01-22 1992-08-06 Yakov Safir Module de cellules solaires
JP2005127694A (ja) * 2003-09-29 2005-05-19 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 蓄熱式ソーラーパネル、ソーラーシステム、蓄熱式ソーラーヒートポンプシステム、および蓄熱式ソーラーヒートポンプシステムの運転方法
WO2008060282A1 (fr) * 2006-11-17 2008-05-22 General Electric Company Dispositifs de transfert thermique et de génération d'énergie et leurs procédés de fabrication
WO2009018016A2 (fr) * 2007-07-30 2009-02-05 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Gestion de la chaleur solaire dans des systèmes photovoltaïques en utilisant des matériaux à changement de phase
EP2472712A1 (fr) * 2009-08-26 2012-07-04 Fujitsu Limited Appareil de génération d'électricité et système de génération d'électricité doté de l'appareil de génération d'électricité
US20110048489A1 (en) * 2009-09-01 2011-03-03 Gabriel Karim M Combined thermoelectric/photovoltaic device for high heat flux applications and method of making the same
WO2012021872A2 (fr) * 2010-08-12 2012-02-16 Sager Brian M Revêtement à base d'empilage thermoélectrique pour l'amélioration du fonctionnement d'un panneau solaire
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US20140130844A1 (en) * 2012-11-14 2014-05-15 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Solar power generator
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WO2015190123A1 (fr) * 2014-06-13 2015-12-17 国立大学法人九州大学 Installation d'alimentation en énergie autonome équipée d'une unité d'alimentation en combustible hydrogène de véhicule et d'un chargeur de véhicule électrique exploitant la lumière solaire
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Publication number Publication date
DE102017104791B3 (de) 2018-07-05
DE102017119974A1 (de) 2018-07-26
EP3571724A1 (fr) 2019-11-27

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