WO2018133741A1 - 一种隧道掘进机及其施工法 - Google Patents

一种隧道掘进机及其施工法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018133741A1
WO2018133741A1 PCT/CN2018/072521 CN2018072521W WO2018133741A1 WO 2018133741 A1 WO2018133741 A1 WO 2018133741A1 CN 2018072521 W CN2018072521 W CN 2018072521W WO 2018133741 A1 WO2018133741 A1 WO 2018133741A1
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Prior art keywords
frame
chain
soil
rock
boring machine
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PCT/CN2018/072521
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王燏斌
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王燏斌
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Publication of WO2018133741A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018133741A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/0621—Shield advancing devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/1086—Drives or transmissions specially adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tunnel boring machine and a construction method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of civil engineering foundation construction.
  • the existing tunnel boring machine has a complicated manufacturing process and high added value of technology. Only a few countries in the world have the ability to produce and the cost is high.
  • the invention provides a tunnel boring machine and a construction method thereof, the purpose of which is to overcome the defects existing in the prior art, and the main advantages thereof are that the manufacturing process of the tunnel boring machine is simple, and the contour of the tunneling machine is the contour of the tunnel.
  • the position of the rear part of the tunnel of the roadheader is excavated, the construction is safe, the quality is good, the construction period is short, and the cost is low.
  • the technical solution of the invention is: a tunnel boring machine, comprising a frame, the frame is divided into a front section, an inner cavity excavation section and a tail section, the outer contour line of the frame is the same as the outer contour line of the tunnel, and the front section is composed of a frame excavating device and a soil sealing section.
  • the frame excavating device installed in the head of the front frame frame only excavates the annular rock soil of the projected area of the frame, and sends the excavated annular rock soil to the rear through the geotechnical conveying device in the front frame, the front part of the frame and
  • the excavation section in the cavity is a horizontal cylindrical shape with an open head.
  • a certain length of unexcavated rock in the front frame constitutes a waterproof seal of the roadheader; the excavation section in the cavity only excavates the rock in the cavity.
  • the tail section is used for tunnel construction.
  • the frame excavating device is a chain excavating device, and the chain excavating device is composed of a transmission device and a chain knife.
  • the transmission device is composed of a driving device, a tensioning device and a sprocket.
  • the chain cutter is composed of a chain and a tool for excavating the rock and soil fixed on the chain.
  • the chain cutter of the excavation part is located outside the frame, and the chain cutter of the return part is located inside the frame; the drive device drives the chain cutter to operate during construction, the cutter at the front end of the frame excavates the rock and soil, and only the annular geotechnical part of the projected section of the frame section is excavated And the excavated rock and soil is sent to the entrance of the geotechnical conveyor in the frame, the geotechnical conveyor sends the rock to the rear in the frame, and the mud nozzle is arranged at the front end of the frame.
  • the invention has the advantages that the rock and soil are excavated at the rear position of the cavity of the roadheader, the construction safety is safe, the manufacturing process of the tunnel boring machine is simple, the contour of the tunneling machine is the contour of the tunnel, the construction quality is good, the cycle is short, and the cost is low.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a tunnel boring machine composed of a front section 1, an excavation section 2 and a tail section 3, and is a structural schematic view of the excavated rock soil directly sent to the rear by the chain cutter 4;
  • Figure 2 is a view showing the structure of the chain excavating device 1-1 which is also composed of the driving device 1-1-1, the sprocket 1-1-2 and the chain knife 4;
  • FIG. 3 is a B-direction view of FIG. 1 , which is also a schematic cross-sectional structure of the excavation frame of the tunnel boring machine, and is also a schematic view of the layout structure of the chain cutter 4;
  • Figure 4 is a partial enlarged view of I in Figure 1, which is also a schematic structural view of the slurry nozzle 1-3-1 on the frame 1-3, and is also a structural schematic view of the return portion of the chain cutter 4 located inside the frame, wherein the double-row chain knife 4 by means of misalignment and mutual embedding, the width of the non-excavation surface chain cutter is smaller than the width of the excavation surface so that the chain cutter 4 returns inside the frame;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the chain cutter 4, and (a) is a schematic structural view of the chain 4-1 and the cutter 4-2, and is also composed of A ten-byte 4-1-1 and B ten-byte 4-1-2. Schematic diagram of the ten-byte structure of the chain 4-1; also a schematic diagram of the structure in which the chain 4-1 realizes space bending. (b) is a schematic structural view of the chain knife composed of the rope 4-1B and the cutter 4-2B; also a schematic structural view of the rope 4-1B and the cutter 4-2B;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of the geotechnical excavation machine excavated by the tunnel boring machine being sent by the chain cutter 4 to the geotechnical conveyor 5 in the frame, and the geotechnical conveyor 5 is sent to the rear in the frame;
  • Figure 7 is a view of the A-A of Figure 6, which is also a structural schematic view of the geotechnical conveyor 5 in the frame 3-1 of the tail section 3, and is also a structural schematic diagram of the personnel passage and the corresponding maintenance space in the frame;
  • the type of the track includes five types of A, B, C1, C2 and D, wherein A is a flat type, B is a convex type, and C1 and C2 are concave types;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the structure in which D is a longitudinal multi-row track staggered into a tapered shape
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural view of a D-type track and a multi-row chain knife of the tunnel boring machine 1;
  • a tunnel boring machine comprises a frame, the frame is divided into a front section, an inner cavity excavation section and a tail section, the outer contour line of the frame is the same as the outer contour line of the tunnel, and the front section is composed of a frame excavating device and a soil sealing section, and is installed in the head frame of the front section.
  • the frame excavation device only excavates the annular rock soil of the projected area of the frame, and sends the excavated annular rock soil to the rear through the geotechnical conveying device in the front frame.
  • the front section of the frame and the excavation section in the cavity are heads.
  • the horizontal cylindrical shape of the opening, the unexpanded rock and soil of a certain length in the front frame constitutes the waterproof sealing section of the roadheader; the excavation section in the cavity only excavates the rock and soil in the cavity, and the tail section carries out tunnel construction.
  • the frame excavating device is a chain excavating device, and the chain excavating device is composed of a transmission device and a chain knife.
  • the transmission device is composed of a driving device, a tensioning device and a sprocket.
  • the chain cutter is composed of a chain and a digging rock fixed on the chain.
  • the tool part of the soil; the chain cutter of the excavation part is located outside the frame, and the chain cutter of the return part is located inside the frame;
  • the drive device drives the chain cutter to operate during construction, the tool at the front end of the frame excavates the rock and soil, and only the ring of the projection part of the frame section is excavated
  • the rock is soiled, and the excavated rock soil is sent to the entrance of the geotechnical conveyor in the frame.
  • the geotechnical conveyor sends the rock to the rear in the frame, and the mud nozzle is arranged at the front end of the frame.
  • a human passage and corresponding maintenance space are provided in the frame.
  • the chain cutter is replaced in the frame chamber to adapt to different geological conditions.
  • the chain cutter is a multi-row chain cutter, and the multi-row chain cutter performs simultaneous excavation or separate excavation as needed.
  • the multi-row chain cutter is arranged in a tapered shape on the excavation surface.
  • the tunnel boring machine is a tunnel boring machine for pipe jacking construction.
  • the tunnel boring machine is a tunnel boring machine for shield construction.
  • the chain constituting the chain cutter is a generalized chain including a crawler belt, a rope and a flexible belt.
  • the tunnel boring machine includes a front section of the tunnel boring machine, an excavation section 2 and a tail section 3 in the cavity, and the outer contour line of the frame 1-3 of the front section 1 is the same as the outer contour line of the tunnel, and the front section 1 Consisting of the frame excavating device 1-1, the soil sealing segment 1-2 and the frame 1-3, the frame excavating device 1-1 installed in the head portion of the front frame 1-3 only excavates the annular rock soil of the projected area of the frame, and passes through
  • the conveying device formed by the chain cutter in the front frame sends the excavated annular rock soil to the rear, and the front section 1 and the cavity excavation section 2 are horizontal cylindrical shapes with head openings, and the front frame 1-3 is fixed.
  • the length of the unexcavated rock and soil constitutes the soil sealing section 1-2 of the roadheader; the excavation section 2 only excavates the rock and soil in the cavity, and the tail section carries out tunnel construction.
  • the excavating device 1-1 on the front section 1 is a chain excavating device, and the chain excavating device 1-1 is driven by the driving device 1-1-1 and the sprocket 1-1-2.
  • the chain cutter 4 is composed of a chain 4-1 and a cutter 4-2 for excavating the rock soil fixed on the chain; the chain cutter 4 of the excavation portion is located outside the frame, and the chain cutter of the return portion is located inside the frame .
  • the drive unit drives the chain 4-1 to drive the tool.
  • the cutter 4-2 at the front end of the frame excavates the rock and soil, excavates only the annular rock of the projected section of the frame section, and sends the excavated rock and soil.
  • the geotechnical conveyor 5 delivers the rock to the rear within the frame, and the front end of the frame 1-3 is provided with a mud nozzle 1-3-1.
  • the tunnel of the tunnel boring machine is provided with a personnel passage and a corresponding maintenance space.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

公开了一种隧道掘进机及其施工方法。该隧道掘进机包括框架，框架分前段（1）、腔内挖掘段（2）和尾段（3），框架的外轮廓线与隧道外轮廓线相同，前段（1）由框架挖掘装置（1-1）和土封段（1-2）组成，安装在前段框架（1-3）头部内的框架挖掘装置（1-1）仅挖掘框架投影面积的环状岩土，通过前段框架内的岩土输送装置将头部已挖掘的环状岩土送至后方，框架的前段（1）和腔内挖掘段（2）是呈头部开口的水平筒状形，前段框架（1-3）内一定长度的未被挖掘的岩土构成了掘进机防水的土封段（1-2）；腔内挖掘段（2）仅挖掘腔内的岩土，尾段进行隧道施工。在掘进机的腔体后部位置挖掘岩土，施工安全，隧道掘进机的制造工艺简单，掘进机挖掘的轮廓为隧道的轮廓，施工质量好，周期短，成本低。

Description

一种隧道掘进机及其施工法 技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种隧道掘进机及其施工法，属于土木工程基础施工技术领域。
背景技术
现有隧道掘进机的制造工艺复杂，技术附加值高，国际上只有少数几个国家的企业具有能力生产，且造价高昂。
发明内容
本发明提出的是一种隧道掘进机及其施工法，其目的旨在克服现有技术存在的缺陷，其主要优点：隧道掘进机的制造工艺简单，掘进机挖掘的轮廓为隧道的轮廓，在掘进机的腔体后部位置挖掘岩土，施工安全,质量好，施工周期短，成本低。
本发明的技术解决方案：一种隧道掘进机，包括框架，框架分前段、腔内挖掘段和尾段，框架的外轮廓线与隧道外轮廓线相同，前段由框架挖掘装置和土封段组成，安装在前段框架头部内的框架挖掘装置仅挖掘框架投影面积的环状岩土，通过前段框架内的岩土输送装置将头部已挖掘的环状岩土送至后方，框架的前段和腔内挖掘段是呈头部开口的水平筒状形，前部框架内一定长度的未被挖掘的岩土构成了掘进机防水的土封段；腔内挖掘段仅挖掘腔内的岩土，尾段进行隧道施工。
框架挖掘装置是链式挖掘装置，链式挖掘装置由传动装置和链刀组成，传动装置由驱动装置、张紧装置和链轮组成，链刀由链条和固定于链条上的挖掘岩土的刀具组成；挖掘部分的链刀位于框架的外侧，返回部分的链刀位于框架的内部；施工时驱动装置驱动链刀运行，框架前端的刀具挖掘岩土，仅挖掘框架截面投影部分的环状岩土，并将已挖掘的岩土送至框架内的岩土输送机的入口，岩土输送机在框架内将岩土送至后方，框架的前端设有泥浆喷嘴。
框架内设有人员通道和相应维修空间，链刀是在框架室体内更换的，以适应不同地质条件。
本发明的优点：在掘进机的腔体后部位置挖掘岩土，施工安全,隧道掘进机的制造工艺简单，掘进机挖掘的轮廓为隧道的轮廓，施工质量好，周期短，成本低。
附图说明
图1是由前段1、腔内挖掘段2和尾段3组成的隧道掘进机的结构示意图，也是已挖掘的岩土由链刀4直接送至后方的结构示意图；
图2是图1的A向视图，也由驱动装置1-1-1、链轮1-1-2和链刀4组成的链式挖掘装置1-1的结构示意图；
图3是图1的B向视图,也是隧道掘进机的挖掘框架截面结构示意图，也是掘进机岩土挖掘面，链刀4布局结构示意图；
图4是图1中的Ⅰ局部放大视图，也是框架1-3上的泥浆喷嘴1-3-1的结构示意图，也是返回部分的链刀4位于框架的内部的结构示意图，其中双排链刀4通过错位相互嵌入的方式，非挖掘面链刀的宽度小于挖掘面的宽度使链刀4在框架内部返回；
图5是链刀4的结构示意图，(a)是链条4-1和刀具4-2的结构示意图，也是由A十字节4-1-1和B十字节4-1-2组成的链条4-1的十字节的结构示意图；也是链条4-1实现空间弯曲的结构示意图。(b)是链刀由绳索4-1B和刀具4-2B组成的结构示意图；也是绳索4-1B和刀具4-2B的结构示意图；
图6是隧道掘进机挖掘的岩土由链刀4送至框架内的岩土输送机5的入口，岩土输送机5在框架内将岩土送至后方的结构示意图；
图7是图6的A-A视图，也是岩土输送机5在尾段3的框架3-1中的结构示意图，也是框架内设有人员通道和相应维修空间的结构示意图；
图8是隧道掘进机1的链刀轨道的结构示意图，轨道的类型包括A、B、C1、C2和D共5种，其中A是平面型，B是凸型，C1、C2是凹型；
图9是D为纵向多排轨道错开成锥型的结构示意图；
图10是隧道掘进机1的D型轨道和多排链刀的结构示意图；
图中的1是隧道掘进机的前段；1-1是前段1的框架挖掘装置，也是链式挖掘装置；1-1-1是链式挖掘装置1-1的驱动装置；1-1-2是链式挖掘装置1-1的链轮；1-2是前段1的土封段；1-3是前段1的框架；1-3-1是框架1-3上的泥浆喷嘴；2是隧道掘进机的腔内挖掘段；2-1是腔内挖掘段2的框架；3是隧道掘进机的尾段；3-1是尾段3的框架；4是组成链式挖掘装置1-1的链刀；4-1是组成链刀4的链条，包括履带、绳索和柔性带；4-1-1是组成链条十字节的A十字节；4-1-2是组成链条十字节的B十字节；4-1B是组成链刀4的钢索；4-2是固定在链条4-1上的挖掘岩土的刀具；4-2B是固定在钢索4-1B上的挖掘岩土的刀具；5是框架里的岩土输送机。
具体实施方式
一种隧道掘进机包括框架，框架分前段、腔内挖掘段和尾段，框架的外轮廓线与隧道外轮廓线相同，前段由框架挖掘装置和土封段组成，安装在前段框架头部内的框架挖掘装置仅挖掘框架投影面积的环状岩土，通过前段框架内的岩土输送装置将头部已挖掘的环状岩土送至后方，框架的前段和腔内挖掘段是呈头 部开口的水平筒状形，前部框架内一定长度的未被挖掘的岩土构成了掘进机防水的土封段；腔内挖掘段仅挖掘腔内的岩土，尾段进行隧道施工。
所述的框架挖掘装置是链式挖掘装置，链式挖掘装置由传动装置和链刀组成，传动装置由驱动装置、张紧装置和链轮组成，链刀由链条和固定于链条上的挖掘岩土的刀具组成；挖掘部分的链刀位于框架的外侧，返回部分的链刀位于框架的内部；施工时驱动装置驱动链刀运行，框架前端的刀具挖掘岩土，仅挖掘框架截面投影部分的环状岩土，并将已挖掘的岩土送至框架内的岩土输送机的入口，岩土输送机在框架内将岩土送至后方，框架的前端设有泥浆喷嘴。
所述的框架内设有人员通道和相应维修空间。
所述的链刀是在框架室体内更换的，以适应不同地质条件。
所述的链刀为多排链刀，多排链刀根据需要进行同时挖掘或分别挖掘。
所述的多排链刀在挖掘面布置成锥形。
所述的隧道掘进机是用于顶管法施工的隧道掘进机。
所述的隧道掘进机是用于盾构法施工的隧道掘进机。
所述的组成链刀的链条是广义的链条，包括履带、绳索和柔性带。
下面结合附图进一步描述本发明：
如图1和图3所示，隧道掘进机包括隧道掘进机的前段1、腔内挖掘段2和尾段3，前段1的框架1-3的外轮廓线与隧道外轮廓线相同，前段1由框架挖掘装置1-1、土封段1-2和框架1-3组成，安装在前段框架1-3头部内的框架挖掘装置1-1仅挖掘框架投影面积的环状岩土，通过前段框架内的链刀形成的输送装置将头部已挖掘的环状岩土送至后方，前段1和腔内挖掘段2是呈头部开口的水平筒状形，前段框架1-3内一定长度的未被挖掘的岩土构成了掘进机防水的土封段1-2；腔内挖掘段2仅挖掘腔内的岩土，尾段进行隧道施工。
如图2、图4和图5所示，前段1上的挖掘装置1-1是链式挖掘装置，链式挖掘装置1-1由驱动装置1-1-1、链轮1-1-2和链刀4组成，链刀4由链条4-1和固定于链条上的挖掘岩土的刀具4-2组成；挖掘部分的链刀4位于框架的外侧，返回部分的链刀位于框架的内部。
如图6所示，施工时驱动装置驱动链条4-1带动刀具运行，框架前端的刀具4-2挖掘岩土，仅挖掘框架截面投影部分的环状岩土，并将已挖掘的岩土送至框架内的岩土输送机5的入口，岩土输送机5在框架内将岩土送至后方，框架1-3的前端设有泥浆喷嘴1-3-1。
如图7所示，隧道掘进机的框架内设有人员通道和相应维修空间。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种隧道掘进机，其特征是包括框架，框架分前段、腔内挖掘段和尾段，框架的外轮廓线与隧道外轮廓线相同，前段由框架挖掘装置和土封段组成，安装在前段框架头部内的框架挖掘装置仅挖掘框架投影面积的环状岩土，通过前段框架内的岩土输送装置将头部已挖掘的环状岩土送至后方，框架的前段和腔内挖掘段是呈头部开口的水平筒状形，前部框架内一定长度的未被挖掘的岩土构成了掘进机防水的土封段；腔内挖掘段仅挖掘腔内的岩土，尾段进行隧道施工。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种隧道掘进机，其特征是所述的框架挖掘装置是链式挖掘装置，链式挖掘装置由传动装置和链刀组成，传动装置由驱动装置、张紧装置和链轮组成，链刀由链条和固定于链条上的挖掘岩土的刀具组成；挖掘部分的链刀位于框架的外侧，返回部分的链刀位于框架的内部；施工时驱动装置驱动链刀运行，框架前端的刀具挖掘岩土，仅挖掘框架截面投影部分的环状岩土，并将已挖掘的岩土送至框架内的岩土输送机的入口，岩土输送机在框架内将岩土送至后方，框架的前端设有泥浆喷嘴。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种隧道掘进机，其特征是所述的框架内设有人员通道和相应维修空间。
  4. 根据权利要求2、3所述的一种隧道掘进机，其特征是所述的链刀是在框架室体内更换的，以适应不同地质条件。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种隧道掘进机，其特征是所述的链刀为多排链刀，多排链刀根据需要进行同时挖掘或分别挖掘。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种隧道掘进机,其特征是所述的多排链刀在挖掘面布置成锥形。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种隧道掘进机，其特征是所述的隧道掘进机是用于顶管法施工的隧道掘进机。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种隧道掘进机，其特征是所述的隧道掘进机是用于盾构法施工的隧道掘进机。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的一种隧道掘进机，其特征是所述的组成链刀的链条是广义的链条，包括履带、绳索和柔性带。
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