WO2018133747A1 - 一种隧道掘进机及其施工法 - Google Patents

一种隧道掘进机及其施工法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018133747A1
WO2018133747A1 PCT/CN2018/072528 CN2018072528W WO2018133747A1 WO 2018133747 A1 WO2018133747 A1 WO 2018133747A1 CN 2018072528 W CN2018072528 W CN 2018072528W WO 2018133747 A1 WO2018133747 A1 WO 2018133747A1
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Prior art keywords
chain
frame
cutter
boring machine
tunnel boring
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PCT/CN2018/072528
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王燏斌
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王燏斌
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Publication of WO2018133747A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018133747A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/1086—Drives or transmissions specially adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tunnel boring machine and a construction method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of civil engineering foundation construction.
  • the existing full-section tunnel boring machine has the characteristics of one tunnel excavation completed.
  • the excavation, propulsion and propulsion are all completed by the machine, and the excavation speed is five times that of the traditional drilling and exploding method.
  • the manufacturing process of the full-section tunnel boring machine is complicated and the added value of technology is high. Only a few countries in the world have the ability to produce and the cost is high.
  • the invention provides a tunnel boring machine and a construction method thereof, the purpose of which is to overcome the defects existing in the prior art, and the main advantages thereof: the full-face tunnel boring machine has the characteristics of one tunnel excavation completed, and the use of a chain knife Excavation of rock and soil, its manufacturing process is simple, good quality, short construction period and low cost.
  • the tunnel boring machine comprises a front section and a rear section, the front section frame is connected with the rear section frame, the outer contour line of the frame and the frame is the same as the outer contour line of the tunnel, and the front section is composed of a frame and an excavator, excavation
  • the machine consists of several chain excavation devices. Several chain excavation devices are arranged in a row, staggered at the tail of the excavation direction chain excavation device. The projection surfaces of several chain excavation devices in the excavation direction are the same as the cross section of the frame.
  • the chain excavation device is composed of a transmission device and a chain knife.
  • the transmission device is composed of a driving device and a sprocket.
  • the chain cutter is composed of a chain and a cutter fixed on the chain; the chain cutter for excavating the rock and soil portion is located outside the frame.
  • the chain knife of the return part is located inside the frame; the front end surface of the frame is provided with a chain knife running track, and the outer side of the two corners of the front end surface is provided with an arc-shaped track running by a chain cutter, and the tail of the chain excavating device is staggered and arranged.
  • each chamber body at the front of the rack is a cavity separated from the rock and soil; during construction, the drive unit drives the chain cutter to run, and the cutter at the front end of the rack excavates the full-section rock and soil, and sends the excavated rock and soil to the machine.
  • the geotechnical conveyor transports the rock to the rear in the rack, and a mud nozzle is arranged at the front end of the rack.
  • the tunnel boring machine is a space formed by staggered arrangement of chain excavating devices, so that each chamber with moving parts has a pedestrian passage and a maintenance operation space.
  • the chain cutter is replaced in the cavity of the frame to suit different geological conditions and maintenance needs.
  • the invention has the advantages that the full-section tunnel boring machine has the characteristics of one tunnel excavation and completes the tunnel, and the utility model has the advantages of simple manufacturing process, good quality, short construction period and low cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a tunnel boring machine composed of a front section 1 and a rear section 2, and is also composed of a drive unit 6-1 and a sprocket 6-2, etc., and is also a chain composed of a transmission unit 6 and a chain cutter 7.
  • FIG. 2 is a view in the direction of arrow A of FIG. 1 , and is a schematic view showing a space in which the tail portions of the chain excavating device 5 are staggered, and the front frame 3 and the rear portion 2 are integrally connected;
  • Figure 3 is a B-direction view of Figure 1, and is also a schematic view of the structure of the excavator 4 composed of 15 chain excavating devices 5;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of the mechanism of the mud nozzle 3-1 of the front end frame 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of the chambers separated from the rock and soil in the front part of the frame 3 except for the entrance and the exit of the chain cutter 7, and also the space formed by the staggered arrangement of the chain excavating device 5, so that
  • Each chamber of the moving component has a schematic diagram of a pedestrian passage and a maintenance operation space, and is also a structural schematic diagram of the geotechnical conveyor 8 composed of a longitudinal geotechnical conveyor 8-1 and a lateral geotechnical conveyor 8-2;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of the chain cutter 7,
  • (a) is a schematic structural view of the chain 7-1 and the cutter 7-2, and is also composed of A ten-byte 7-1-1 and B ten-byte 7-1-2. Schematic diagram of the ten-byte structure of the chain 7-1; also a schematic diagram of the structure of the chain 7-1 to achieve space bending.
  • (b) is a schematic structural view of the chain knife composed of the rope 7-1B and the cutter 7-2B; also a schematic structural view of the rope 7-1B and the cutter 7-2B;
  • the type of the track includes five types of A, B, C1, C2 and D, wherein A is a flat type, B is a convex type, and C1 and C2 are concave types;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the structure in which D is a longitudinal multi-row track staggered into a tapered shape
  • Figure 9 is a schematic structural view of a D-type track and a multi-row chain knife of a tunnel boring machine
  • 1 is the front section consisting of the front frame 3 and the excavator 4 of the tunnel boring machine; 2 is the rear section of the tunnel boring machine; 3 is the front frame of the tunnel boring machine; 3-1 is the front frame 3 Mud nozzle; 4 is an excavator composed of several chain excavating devices 5; 5 is a chain excavating device composed of a transmission device and a chain knife 7; 6 is composed of a driving device 6-1 and a sprocket 6-2 Transmission device; 6-1 is the drive device of the transmission device 6; 6-2 is the sprocket of the transmission device 6; 7 is a chain cutter for excavating the earth and soil, consisting of the chain 7-1 and the cutter 7-2; 7-1 It is a chain constituting the chain cutter 7, including a crawler, a rope and a flexible belt; 7-1-1 is an A ten byte constituting a chain of ten bytes; and 7-1-2 is a B ten byte constituting a chain of ten bytes; 7-1B is a
  • a tunnel boring machine includes a front section and a rear section.
  • the front section frame is connected to the rear section frame.
  • the outer contour line of the frame and the frame is the same as the outer contour line of the tunnel.
  • the front section is composed of a frame and an excavator, and the excavator consists of several chains.
  • a type of excavating device a plurality of chain excavating devices are arranged in a row, staggered at the tail of the excavating direction chain excavating device, and the projection surfaces of the plurality of chain excavating devices in the excavation direction are the same as the cross section of the frame;
  • the chain excavating device It consists of a transmission device and a chain cutter.
  • the transmission device is composed of a driving device and a sprocket.
  • the chain cutter is composed of a chain and a cutter fixed on the chain.
  • the chain cutter for excavating the rock and soil portion is located outside the frame, and the chain cutter of the return portion is Located in the interior of the rack; the front end of the rack is provided with a chain knife running track, and the outer side of the front corner is provided with an arc-shaped track running by a chain cutter, and the space formed by staggering the tail of the chain excavating device makes the machine
  • the structural members at the front of the frame are connected in one piece, and the moving parts of the chain excavating device except the chain cutter are installed in the frame, except for the entrance and exit of the chain cutter, the front part of the frame
  • Each chamber body is a cavity separated from the rock soil; the drive device drives the chain cutter during construction, the cutter at the front end of the rack excavates the full-section rock and soil, and the excavated rock soil is sent to the geotechnical conveyor in the rack.
  • the geotechnical conveyor transports the rock to the rear in the rack, and
  • the tunnel boring machine is a space formed by staggered arrangement of chain excavating devices, so that each chamber with moving parts has a pedestrian passage and a maintenance operation space.
  • the chain cutter is replaced in the cavity of the frame to adapt to different geological conditions and maintenance needs.
  • the chain cutter is a multi-row chain cutter, and the multi-row chain cutter performs simultaneous excavation or separate excavation as needed.
  • the multi-row chain cutter is arranged in a tapered shape on the excavation surface.
  • the front end of the rack has a plurality of hole covers.
  • the operator opens the hole cover for special treatment.
  • the tunnel boring machine is a tunnel boring machine for pipe jacking construction.
  • the tunnel boring machine is a tunnel boring machine for shield construction.
  • the chain constituting the chain cutter is a generalized chain including a crawler belt, a rope and a flexible belt.
  • the tunnel boring machine includes a front section 1 and a rear section 2, and the front section frame is connected with the rear section frame.
  • the outer contour line of the frame and the frame is the same as the outer contour line of the tunnel, and the front section 1 is framed by the frame.
  • the excavator 4 is composed of a plurality of chain excavating devices 5, a plurality of chain excavating devices 5 juxtaposed in a row, staggered at the tail of the excavation direction chain excavating device 5, and several chain excavating devices 5
  • the projection surface in the direction of the tunneling is the same as the section of the frame 3;
  • the chain excavating device 5 is composed of a transmission device 6 and a chain knife 7, and the transmission device 6 is composed of a driving device 6-1 and a sprocket 6-2, etc. 7 consists of a chain 7-1 and a cutter 7-2 fixed to the chain.
  • the chain cutter 7 for excavating the rock portion is located outside the frame 3, and the chain cutter 7 of the return portion is located inside the frame 3.
  • the front end of the frame 3 is provided with a chain cutter running track.
  • the outer side of the two corners of the front end face is provided with an arc-shaped track running by the chain cutter 7, and the space formed by the staggered arrangement of the tail of the chain excavating device 5 is used to connect the structural members at the front part of the frame into a whole body, and the moving parts are
  • Each chamber has a walkway and a maintenance operation space. Except for the chain cutter 7, the moving parts of the chain excavation device are installed in the frame 3.
  • the chambers at the front of the rack are It is a cavity separated from the rock and soil; during construction, the drive unit 6 drives the chain 7 to drive the cutter 7-2, and the cutter 7-2 at the front end of the frame 3 excavates the full-section rock and soil, and sends the excavated rock soil to the rack.
  • the geotechnical conveyor 8 delivers the rock to the rear in the frame, and the mud nozzle 3-1 is provided at the front end of the frame 3.

Abstract

一种隧道掘进机，其包括前段（1）和后段（2），前段（1）的机架（3）与后段（2）的框架相连，机架（3）和框架的外轮廓线与隧道外轮廓线相同，前段（1）由机架（3）和挖掘机（4）组成，挖掘机（4）由若干个链式挖掘装置（5）组成，若干个链式挖掘装置（5）并列成一排，在掘进方向链式挖掘装置（5）的尾部错开排列；挖掘岩土部分的链刀（7）位于机架（3）的外侧，返回部分的链刀（7）位于机架（3）的内部；施工时驱动装置（6-1）驱动链刀（7）运行，机架（3）前端的刀具（7-2）挖掘全断面岩土，并将已挖掘的岩土送至机架（3）内的岩土输送机（8）的入口，岩土输送机（8）在机架（3）内将岩土送至后方，该掘进机能一次开挖完成隧道，而且利用链刀（7）挖掘岩土，其制造工艺简单、质量好、施工周期短、成本低。

Description

一种隧道掘进机及其施工法 技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种隧道掘进机及其施工法，属于土木工程基础施工技术领域。
背景技术
现有全断面隧道掘进机具有一次开挖完成隧道的特色,从开挖、推进、撑开全由该机具完成，开挖速度是传统钻炸工法的5倍。但是全断面隧道掘进机的制造工艺复杂，技术附加值高，国际上只有少数几个国家的企业具有能力生产，造价高昂。
发明内容
本发明提出的是一种隧道掘进机及其施工法，其目的旨在克服现有技术存在的缺陷，其主要优点：具有全断面隧道掘进机具有一次开挖完成隧道的特色，而且利用链刀挖掘岩土，其制造工艺简单、质量好、施工周期短、成本低。
本发明的技术解决方案：隧道掘进机包括前段和后段，前段机架与后段框架相连，机架和框架的外轮廓线与隧道外轮廓线相同，前段由机架和挖掘机组成，挖掘机由若干个链式挖掘装置组成，若干个链式挖掘装置并列成一排，在掘进方向链式挖掘装置的尾部错开排列，若干个链式挖掘装置在掘进方向的投影面与机架的截面相同；链式挖掘装置由传动装置和链刀组成，传动装置由驱动装置和链轮等组成，链刀由链条和固定于链条上的刀具组成；挖掘岩土部分的链刀位于机架的外侧，返回部分的链刀位于机架的内部；机架的前端面设有链刀运行的轨道，前端面的两角部外侧设有链刀运行的弧形轨道，利用链式挖掘装置尾部错开排列形成的空间，使机架前部的各结构件连接成一个整体，除链刀外链式挖掘装置的运动部件均安装在机架内，除链刀的入口和出口外，机架前部的各室体均是与岩土隔离的腔体；施工时驱动装置驱动链刀运行，机架前端的刀具挖掘全断面岩土，并将已挖掘的岩土送至机架内的岩土输送机的入口，岩土输送机在机架内将岩土送至后方，机架的前端设有泥浆喷嘴。
隧道掘进机是利用链式挖掘装置错开排列形成的空间，使有运动部件的各腔室均有人行通道和维修操作空间。
链刀是在机架的腔体内进行更换的，以适应不同地质条件和维护需要。
本发明的优点：具有全断面隧道掘进机具有一次开挖完成隧道的特色，而且利用链刀挖掘岩土，其制造工艺简单、质量好、施工周期短、成本低。
附图说明
图1是由前段1和后段2组成的隧道掘进机的结构示意图，也是由驱动装置6-1和 链轮6-2等组成传动装置6，也是由传动装置6和链刀7组成的链式挖掘装置5的结构示意图；
图2是图1的A向视图，也是链式挖掘装置5尾部错开排列形成的空间，使前段机架3与后段2连接成一个整体的结构示意图；
图3是图1的B向视图，也是由15个链式挖掘装置5组成的挖掘机4的结构示意图；
图4是前端机架3的泥浆喷嘴3-1的机构示意图；
图5是除链刀7的入口和出口外，机架3前部的各室体均是与岩土隔离的腔体的结构示意图；也是利用链式挖掘装置5错开排列形成的空间，使有运动部件的各腔室均有人行通道和维修操作空间的机构示意图,也是由纵向岩土输送机8-1和横向岩土输送机8-2组成的岩土输送机8的结构示意图；
图6是链刀7的结构示意图，(a)是链条7-1和刀具7-2的结构示意图，也是由A十字节7-1-1和B十字节7-1-2组成的链条7-1的十字节的结构示意图；也是链条7-1实现空间弯曲的结构示意图。(b)是链刀由绳索7-1B和刀具7-2B组成的结构示意图；也是绳索7-1B和刀具7-2B的结构示意图；
图7是隧道掘进机的链刀轨道的结构示意图，轨道的类型包括A、B、C1、C2和D共5种，其中A是平面型，B是凸型，C1、C2是凹型；
图8是D为纵向多排轨道错开成锥型的结构示意图；
图9是隧道掘进机的D型轨道和多排链刀的结构示意图；
图中的1是由隧道掘进机的前段机架3和挖掘机4组成的前段；2是隧道掘进机的后段；3是隧道掘进机的前段机架；3-1是前端机架3的泥浆喷嘴；4是由若干个链式挖掘装置5组成的挖掘机；5是由传动装置和链刀7组成的链式挖掘装置；6是由驱动装置6-1和链轮6-2等组成的传动装置；6-1是传动装置6的驱动装置；6-2是传动装置6的链轮；7是挖掘岩土的链刀，由链条7-1和刀具7-2组成；7-1是组成链刀7的链条，包括履带、绳索和柔性带；7-1-1是组成链条十字节的A十字节；7-1-2是组成链条十字节的B十字节；7-1B是组成链刀4的钢索；7-2是固定在链条7-1上的挖掘岩土的刀具；7-2B是固定在钢索7-1B上的挖掘岩土的刀具；8是岩土输送机；8-1是纵向岩土输送机；8-2是横向岩土输送机。
具体实施方式
一种隧道掘进机包括前段和后段，前段机架与后段框架相连，机架和框架的外轮廓线与隧道外轮廓线相同，前段由机架和挖掘机组成，挖掘机由若干个链式挖掘装置组成，若干个链式挖掘装置并列成一排，在掘进方向链式挖掘装置的尾部错开排列，若干个链式挖掘装置在掘进方向的投影面与机架的截面相同；链式挖掘装置由传动装置和链刀组成，传动装置 由驱动装置和链轮等组成，链刀由链条和固定于链条上的刀具组成；挖掘岩土部分的链刀位于机架的外侧，返回部分的链刀位于机架的内部；机架的前端面设有链刀运行的轨道，前端面的两角部外侧设有链刀运行的弧形轨道，利用链式挖掘装置尾部错开排列形成的空间，使机架前部的各结构件连接成一个整体，除链刀外链式挖掘装置的运动部件均安装在机架内，除链刀的入口和出口外，机架前部的各室体均是与岩土隔离的腔体；施工时驱动装置驱动链刀运行，机架前端的刀具挖掘全断面岩土，并将已挖掘的岩土送至机架内的岩土输送机的入口，岩土输送机在机架内将岩土送至后方，机架的前端设有泥浆喷嘴。
所述的隧道掘进机是利用链式挖掘装置错开排列形成的空间，使有运动部件的各腔室均有人行通道和维修操作空间。
所述的链刀是在机架的腔体内进行更换的，以适应不同地质条件和维护需要。
所述的链刀为多排链刀，多排链刀根据需要进行同时挖掘或分别挖掘。
所述的多排链刀在挖掘面布置成锥形。
所述的机架前端有若干个孔盖，遇特殊状况(如孤石)，操作人员打开孔盖进行特殊处理。
所述的隧道掘进机是用于顶管法施工的隧道掘进机。
所述的隧道掘进机是用于盾构法施工的隧道掘进机。
所述的组成链刀的链条是广义的链条，包括履带、绳索和柔性带。
下面结合附图进一步描述本发明：
如图1和图6所示，隧道掘进机是包括前段1和后段2，前段机架与后段框架相连，机架和框架的外轮廓线与隧道外轮廓线相同，前段1由机架3和挖掘机4组成，挖掘机4由若干个链式挖掘装置5组成，若干个链式挖掘装置5并列成一排，在掘进方向链式挖掘装置5的尾部错开排列，若干个链式挖掘装置5在掘进方向的投影面与机架3的截面相同；链式挖掘装置5由传动装置6和链刀7组成，传动装置6由驱动装置6-1和链轮6-2等组成，链刀7由链条7-1和固定于链条上的刀具7-2组成。
如图2～图5所示，挖掘岩土部分的链刀7位于机架3的外侧，返回部分的链刀7位于机架3的内部；机架3的前端面设有链刀运行的轨道，前端面的两角部外侧设有链刀7运行的弧形轨道，利用链式挖掘装置5尾部错开排列形成的空间，使机架前部的各结构件连接成一个整体，而且运动部件的各腔室均有人行通道和维修操作空间，除链刀7外链式挖掘装置的运动部件均安装在机架3内，除链刀的入口和出口外，机架前部的各室体均是与岩土 隔离的腔体；施工时驱动装置6驱动链条7带动刀具7-2运行，机架3前端的刀具7-2挖掘全断面岩土，并将已挖掘的岩土送至机架3内的岩土输送机8的入口，岩土输送机8在机架内将岩土送至后方，机架3的前端设有泥浆喷嘴3-1。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种隧道掘进机，其特征是包括前段和后段，前段机架与后段框架相连，机架和框架的外轮廓线与隧道外轮廓线相同，前段由机架和挖掘机组成，挖掘机由若干个链式挖掘装置组成，若干个链式挖掘装置并列成一排，在掘进方向链式挖掘装置的尾部错开排列，若干个链式挖掘装置在掘进方向的投影面与机架的截面相同；链式挖掘装置由传动装置和链刀组成，传动装置由驱动装置和链轮等组成，链刀由链条和固定于链条上的刀具组成；挖掘岩土部分的链刀位于机架的外侧，返回部分的链刀位于机架的内部；机架的前端面设有链刀运行的轨道，前端面的两角部外侧设有链刀运行的弧形轨道，利用链式挖掘装置尾部错开排列形成的空间，使机架前部的各结构件连接成一个整体，除链刀外链式挖掘装置的运动部件均安装在机架内，除链刀的入口和出口外，机架前部的各室体均是与岩土隔离的腔体；施工时驱动装置驱动链刀运行，机架前端的刀具挖掘全断面岩土，并将已挖掘的岩土送至机架内的岩土输送机的入口，岩土输送机在机架内将岩土送至后方，机架的前端设有泥浆喷嘴。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种隧道掘进机，其特征是所述的隧道掘进机是利用链式挖掘装置错开排列形成的空间，使有运动部件的各腔室均有人行通道和维修操作空间。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种隧道掘进机，其特征是所述的链刀是在机架的腔体内进行更换的，以适应不同地质条件和维护需要。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种隧道掘进机，其特征是所述的链刀为多排链刀，多排链刀根据需要进行同时挖掘或分别挖掘。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种隧道掘进机,其特征是所述的多排链刀在挖掘面布置成锥形。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的一种隧道掘进机，其特征是所述的机架前端有若干个孔盖，遇特殊状况(如孤石)，操作人员打开孔盖进行特殊处理。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种隧道掘进机，其特征是所述的隧道掘进机是用于顶管法施工的隧道掘进机。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种隧道掘进机，其特征是所述的隧道掘进机是用于盾构法施工的隧道掘进机。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种隧道掘进机，其特征是所述的组成链刀的链条是广义的链条，包括履带、绳索和柔性带。
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