WO2018133739A1 - 一种施工时底部带有链刀的基础及其施工法 - Google Patents

一种施工时底部带有链刀的基础及其施工法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018133739A1
WO2018133739A1 PCT/CN2018/072519 CN2018072519W WO2018133739A1 WO 2018133739 A1 WO2018133739 A1 WO 2018133739A1 CN 2018072519 W CN2018072519 W CN 2018072519W WO 2018133739 A1 WO2018133739 A1 WO 2018133739A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
foundation
chain
cutter
chain cutter
construction
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PCT/CN2018/072519
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王燏斌
Original Assignee
王燏斌
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Publication date
Application filed by 王燏斌 filed Critical 王燏斌
Priority to US16/479,216 priority Critical patent/US20190376252A1/en
Publication of WO2018133739A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018133739A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/08—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging elements on an endless chain
    • E02F3/12—Component parts, e.g. bucket troughs
    • E02F3/14—Buckets; Chains; Guides for buckets or chains; Drives for chains
    • E02F3/145—Buckets; Chains; Guides for buckets or chains; Drives for chains drives
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/08—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging elements on an endless chain
    • E02F3/083—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging elements on an endless chain including a screw-type conveyor for transporting the excavated material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D15/00—Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
    • E02D15/08—Sinking workpieces into water or soil inasmuch as not provided for elsewhere
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/13—Foundation slots or slits; Implements for making these slots or slits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D23/00—Caissons; Construction or placing of caissons
    • E02D23/08—Lowering or sinking caissons
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/08—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging elements on an endless chain
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/08—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging elements on an endless chain
    • E02F3/12—Component parts, e.g. bucket troughs
    • E02F3/14—Buckets; Chains; Guides for buckets or chains; Drives for chains
    • E02F3/143—Buckets; Chains; Guides for buckets or chains; Drives for chains chains; chain links; scraper chains
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
    • E02F5/02—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches
    • E02F5/06—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with digging elements mounted on an endless chain

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a foundation with a chain knife at the bottom during construction and a construction method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of civil engineering foundation construction.
  • the existing large pile foundation technology adopts the overall excavation construction method, with long construction period, high labor intensity and poor working environment safety.
  • the existing underground continuous wall technology uses a trenching machine on the ground to excavate a long and narrow deep trough under the condition of mud retaining wall, hoist the steel cage in the trough, and pour the underwater concrete into a unit trough section. This is done piece by piece.
  • the main defects are as follows: 1) The underwater construction quality in the tank is difficult to control and detect, and the construction period is long; 2) The interface between the groove sections is difficult to construct and easy to seep; 3) The slotting machine is high and moves along the circumference. Applications are limited.
  • the existing breakwaters generally adopt a bottom riprap stack and a concrete face block on the rockfill prism, and also adopt a reinforced concrete caisson or a large-diameter cylinder structure; the engineering quantity is large, the construction period is long, and the cost is expensive.
  • the existing foundation technology of the sinking well is based on excavation in the well and relies on its own gravity to overcome the frictional resistance of the well wall and sink to the design elevation to seal the bottom.
  • the main defects are: long construction period, high cost, difficult to correct, and encountered well When an obstacle such as a bottom stone is used, the blade foot is difficult to overcome and is prone to suddenness and is prone to accidents.
  • the existing caisson foundation technology needs to input compressed air to provide working conditions and push the water in the working chamber out of the room; its main defects are: complicated equipment, limited working time, low efficiency, high cost, difficult sealing, limited depth, and high pressure Under the conditions, it is prone to occupational diseases.
  • the existing dam foundation generally adopts diversion construction and cofferdam construction to create dry construction conditions, and the amount of excavation is large, and the amount of engineering is huge. After the dam is built, the cofferdam needs to be demolished, the construction period is long, and the cost is expensive.
  • Excavation foundations and wharf foundations are generally excavated by excavators, drainage ditches or collection wells are used for drainage, and cofferdams are required on the outside of the revetment.
  • the daily masonry height is limited, the construction period is long, and the cost is high.
  • the existing ship lock foundation generally adopts the construction of the ship lock in the tunnel of the mountain body.
  • the earthwork excavation project is huge, the construction period is long, and the cost is expensive.
  • the existing bridge pier foundation generally adopts the first construction of cofferdam, and then pumping water.
  • the bridge pier foundation is constructed in the cofferdam, the water will continuously infiltrate into the cofferdam, and it is necessary to continuously pump water to obtain dry construction conditions.
  • the construction environment is poor and unsafe.
  • the invention proposes a foundation with a chain knife at the bottom during construction and a construction method thereof, the purpose of which is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art.
  • the column foundation can be segmented or integrally manufactured in the prefabricated field, or it can be lowered while pouring in the fixed formwork on site, and the construction is convenient; 2) the structure is simple; 3) the whole site Sinking, short construction period and low cost.
  • the underground continuous wall is manufactured in the prefabricated section, and it can also be lowered in the fixed formwork on the site.
  • the construction is simple and the quality is easy to detect;
  • Under the whole site Sink no interface, especially suitable for underground continuous wall is permanent load-bearing wall, short construction period and low cost;
  • the drive device of the chain cutter does not need to be moved, and the chain cutter can be horizontally arranged on the upper part of the ground, which is suitable for a wide range of applications.
  • the sinking foundation is manufactured in the prefabricated section, and it can also be lowered in the fixed formwork on the site, the construction is simple and good quality; 2) the whole sinking at the site, The construction period is short and the cost is low; 3) It is especially suitable for the construction of obstacles such as boulder in the bottom of the well.
  • the caisson foundation is manufactured in the prefabricated field, and it can also be lowered in the fixed formwork on the site, and the construction is simple; 2) the whole sinking on the site, the construction period is short, Low cost; 3) Workers do not need to work under high pressure conditions.
  • the ship lock foundation is reduced overall or divided, and the construction period is short; 2) the foundation frame can be used as foundation pit support, excavating the rock and soil in the basic frame, safe and convenient, and earthwork The amount of excavation is small.
  • the technical solution of the invention is a foundation with a chain knife at the bottom of the construction and a construction method thereof, and a rock and soil conveying device is arranged in or on the foundation 1 with a chain knife at the bottom during construction, and the bottom of the foundation 1 is provided with a track.
  • the chain cutter is installed on the track during construction, and the chain cutter is composed of a chain and a cutter fixed on the chain to excavate the rock;
  • the chain excavation device is mainly composed of a chain cutter and a transmission device, and the transmission device is mainly composed of a driving device and a sprocket.
  • the drive unit drives the chain cutter, and the chain cutter runs along the track.
  • the cutter at the bottom of the foundation 1 excavates the rock and soil, and is sent out through the geotechnical conveying device.
  • the chain cutter at the bottom of the foundation 1 descends together with the foundation 1.
  • Construction method is divided into A method factory prefabrication foundation 1 and B method on site pouring foundation 1;
  • the A method prefabrication method is divided into the following steps:
  • Foundation 1 is placed in the fixed formwork on site except for the bottom.
  • the fixed formwork does not move during construction.
  • the foundation 1 side is poured and the side is sunk;
  • the chain excavation device consists of the bottom track, the middle frame and the upper part.
  • the device and the chain knife are composed, the bottom rail is integrally fixed with the bottom of the foundation 1; the bottom of the intermediate frame is integrally connected with the bottom rail, the top is connected with the upper device, and the chain running rail is installed in the intermediate frame, the intermediate frame At the same time, it is also a component of the foundation 1 steel cage.
  • the chain cutter of the bottom upward movement and the closed cavity of the intermediate frame form a vertical geotechnical conveying device.
  • the intermediate frame also sinks synchronously;
  • the invention has the advantages that the defects of the prior art are overcome, and since the foundation 1 itself has an excavating device, the foundation 1 can be prefabricated in the factory, or the casting can be lowered while being placed in the fixed template on the site, and the construction is simple, especially It is particularly good for overall waterproofing, short construction period and low cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a chain cutter 3, and (a) is a schematic structural view of a chain 3-1 and a cutter 3-2, and is also composed of A ten bytes 3-1-1 and B ten bytes 3-1-2. Schematic diagram of the ten-byte structure of the chain 3-1; also a schematic diagram of the structure in which the chain 3-1 realizes space bending. (b) is a schematic structural view of the chain cutter 3 composed of the flexible belt 3-1B and the cutter 3-2B; also a schematic structural view of the flexible belt 3-1B and the cutter 3-2B;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the base 1 being a type A pile 8-1-1, and is also a structural schematic view of the chain excavation device when excavating the bottom rock of the foundation;
  • Figure 3 is a view in the direction of arrow A of Figure 2, and is also a schematic structural view of the sprocket 6, the driving device 4 and the tensioning device 5 constituting the chain excavating device 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 2, and is a structural schematic view of the excavation of rock and soil horizontally at the bottom of the base, and is also provided at the bottom of the base 1 of the base 1 and the base 1 of the foundation 1 Schematic diagram of the mud pipeline 1-4;
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of Figure 2, and is also a schematic structural view of a vertical geotechnical conveying device composed of a chain cutter 3 and a side cover 1-3;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a base 1 being a B-shaped one-segment 8-1-2;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a base 1 being a C-shaped one-segment 8-1-3;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the construction of the A method when the foundation 1 is a pile 8-1;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the construction of the B method when the foundation 1 is a pile 8-1, and is also a schematic structural view of the bottom rail B-1 and the pouring form B-4, and is a schematic structural view in which the upper device is fixed on the working platform without lifting;
  • Figure 10 is a view taken along line A of Figure 9, and is also a schematic structural view of the intermediate frame B-2 and the upper device B-3;
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view of the initial state of the B method during construction, and is a schematic structural view of the upper device B-3 fixed to the top of the intermediate frame B-2, and b is a schematic view of the bottom portion starting to excavate the upper portion to start pouring;
  • Figure c is the schematic diagram of the B method when the foundation 1 sinks to a certain depth
  • d is the schematic diagram after the foundation 1 reaches the design depth to remove the construction equipment
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the structure of the cross pile composed of two one-piece piles 8-1 of the foundation 1 as the bottom chain cutter 3 is integrally lowered;
  • Figure 14 is a view in the direction of arrow A of Figure 13, and is also a schematic structural view of the sprocket 6, the driving device 4 and the tensioning device 5 constituting the chain excavating device 2;
  • Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 13;
  • Figure 16 is a schematic view showing the structure of the I-shaped pile 8-3 composed of three one-piece piles 8-1, as the base chain cutter 3 of the bottom is integrally lowered;
  • Figure 17 is a view in the direction of arrow A of Figure 16, and is also a schematic structural view of the sprocket 6, the driving device 4 and the tensioning device 5 constituting the chain excavating device 2;
  • Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 16;
  • Figure 19 is a schematic plan view showing the structure of the base 1 composed of four one-segment piles 8-1;
  • 20 is a top view of the structure of the base 1 of the 8-5-1 underground continuous wall foundation A, and is also a structural schematic diagram of the first pile and the I-shaped pile which constitute the A-type underground continuous wall 8-5-1;
  • Figure 21 is a plan view showing the structure of the foundation 1 being the base of the 8-5-2 underground continuous wall B;
  • Figure 22 is a view in the direction of arrow A of Figure 21, and is also a structural schematic view of the base continuous wall base B as it is integrally lowered with the chain cutter 3 at the bottom;
  • Figure 23 is a B-direction view of Figure 21, and is a schematic structural view of the underground continuous wall base B as it is integrally lowered with the chain cutter 3 at the bottom;
  • Figure 24 is a top view of the base 1 for the 8-5-3 underground continuous wall foundation C. It is also the lower continuous wall foundation C consisting of six one-piece piles embedded in each other. The six one-piece piles can be constructed as a whole or separately. Schematic diagram of the construction;
  • Figure 25 is a schematic view showing the structure of the foundation 1 as the breakwater 8-6, as the base chain cutter 3 at the bottom sinks together;
  • Figure 26 is a view taken along line A of Figure 25;
  • Figure 27 is a plan view showing the structure of the foundation 1 being the 8-7-1 caisson foundation A;
  • Figure 28 is a view in the direction of arrow A of Figure 27, and is also a structural schematic view of the 8-7-1 caisson foundation A as the whole chain knife 3 of the bottom sinks together;
  • Figure 29 is a B-direction view of Figure 27, and is also a structural schematic view of the 8-7-1 caisson foundation A as the whole chain knife 3 of the bottom sinks together;
  • Figure 30 is a schematic plan view showing the structure of the foundation 1 being the 8-7-2 caisson foundation B;
  • Figure 31 is a schematic plan view showing the structure of the foundation 1 as a caisson foundation 8-8;
  • Figure 32 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 31, and is a schematic structural view of the caisson foundation 8-8 as it is integrally lowered with the chain cutter 3 at the bottom;
  • Figure 33 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of Figure 32;
  • Figure 34 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 31;
  • Figure 35 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of Figure 31;
  • Figure 36 is a schematic view showing the structure of the caisson foundation 8-8 including the multi-storey basement in the ground block assembly (or pouring) as a whole to the set height, and the bottom grouting after the chain cutter 3 is removed, and is also a structural diagram of the subway station;
  • Figure 37 is a schematic view showing the structure of the vertical screw conveyor 7-2 on the central side of the chain cutter 3, and also the structural view of the vertical cylindrical passage on the side;
  • Figure 38 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 37, and is also a schematic structural view of the inlet of the vertical screw conveyor and the spiral cutter 7-3 at the bottom of the chain cutter;
  • Figure 39 is a schematic plan view showing the structure of the vertical screw conveyor 7-2 in the middle of the double row chain cutter;
  • Figure 40 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 39, and is also a schematic view of the vertical screw conveyor 7-2 and the inlet spiral knife 7-3;
  • Figure 41 is a bottom view of Figure 40, also showing the structure of the vertical screw conveyor 7-2 in the middle of the double-row chain cutter 3;
  • Figure 43 is a schematic view showing the structure of the foundation 1 as the bank foundation 8-9-1;
  • Figure 44 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 43;
  • 45 is a schematic structural view of the foundation 1 being a pier foundation 8-9-2;
  • Figure 46 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 45;
  • Figure 47 is a schematic structural view of the foundation 1 being a ship lock foundation 8-10;
  • Figure 48 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 47, is a schematic structural view of the foundation of the gate position pile, and is a schematic structural view when the bottom chain cutter 3 is integrally lowered together;
  • Figure 49 is a schematic view showing the structure of the base 1 as a dam foundation 8-11;
  • Figure 50 is a view of the A-A of Figure 49, and is a schematic view showing the structure of the derrick-shaped pile in the dam foundation 8-11 as it is integrally lowered with the chain cutter 3 at the bottom;
  • Figure 51 is a partial enlarged view of I of Figure 49, and is a structural schematic view of the combination of the pile and the wall in the dam foundation 8-11;
  • Figure 52 is a schematic structural view of the foundation 1 being a bridge foundation 8-12;
  • Figure 53 is a view of the A-A of Figure 52, and is also a schematic structural view of the upper part of the bridge foundation 8-12 above ground;
  • Figure 54 is a B-B view of Figure 52, and is also a schematic structural view of a portion below the ground of the bridge foundation 8-12;
  • Figure 55 is a schematic structural view of the bottom rail and the side rail of the foundation 1.
  • the type of the rail includes five types of a1, a2, b, c, and d, wherein a1, a2 are concave, b is flat, and c is convex;
  • Figure 56 is a schematic structural view of a d-shaped rail and a chain cutter
  • Figure 57 is a schematic view showing the structure in which d is a longitudinal multi-row track staggered into a tapered shape
  • 1 in the figure is the base with the chain cutter 3 at the bottom of the construction; 1-1 is the track of the base 1 running the chain cutter 3 at the bottom; 1-2 is the track of the base 1 side running chain cutter 3; 1-3 is the bottom belt a side cover of the base 1 of the edge angle; 1-4 is a mud pipeline provided at the bottom of the foundation 1; 2 is a chain excavation device composed of a chain cutter 3, a driving device 4, a tensioning device 5, a sprocket 6, and the like; 3 is a chain cutter constituting the chain excavating device 2; 3-1 is a chain constituting the chain cutter 3, including a crawler belt, a rope and a flexible belt; 3-1-1 is an A ten byte constituting a chain ten bytes; 1-2 is the B ten byte constituting the chain ten bytes; 3-1B is the flexible band constituting the chain cutter 3; 3-2 is the cutter for excavating the rock soil fixed on the chain 3-1; 3-2B is fixed a tool for excavating geotech
  • the foundation 1 with a chain knife at the bottom is provided with a rock and soil conveying device, and the bottom of the foundation 1 is provided with a track.
  • a chain knife is installed on the track, and the chain knife is driven by a chain and fixed on the chain.
  • the tooling of the soil; the chain excavation device is mainly composed of a chain cutter and a transmission device.
  • the transmission device is mainly composed of a driving device and a sprocket.
  • the driving device drives the chain cutter, the chain cutter runs along the track, and the cutter at the bottom of the foundation 1
  • the rock is excavated and sent out through the geotechnical conveying device, and the chain knife at the bottom of the foundation 1 is lowered together with the foundation 1.
  • the chain closed loop centerline of the chain cutter is at the bottom of the foundation 1.
  • the vertical geotechnical conveying device is a vertical screw conveyor, the inlet is located at the bottom of the middle portion of the chain cutter or the end of the chain cutter, and the vertical screw conveyor is located at the side of the chain cutter or in the middle of the chain knife.
  • the chain cutter is a multi-row chain cutter in the width direction, and the multi-row chain cutter performs simultaneous excavation or separate excavation as needed.
  • the construction method is divided into A method factory prefabrication foundation 1 and B method on site pouring foundation 1;
  • the A method prefabrication method is divided into the following steps:
  • Foundation 1 is placed in the fixed formwork on site except for the bottom.
  • the fixed formwork does not move during construction.
  • the foundation 1 side is poured and the side is sunk;
  • the chain excavation device consists of the bottom track, the middle frame and the upper part.
  • the device and the chain knife are composed, the bottom rail is integrally fixed with the bottom of the foundation 1; the bottom of the intermediate frame is integrally connected with the bottom rail, the top is connected with the upper device, and the chain running rail is installed in the intermediate frame, the intermediate frame At the same time, it is also a component of the foundation 1 steel cage.
  • the chain cutter of the bottom upward movement and the closed cavity of the intermediate frame form a vertical geotechnical conveying device.
  • the intermediate frame also sinks synchronously;
  • the foundation 1 described is a word pile.
  • the foundation 1 is composed of a number of one-word piles, and several piles are constructed on the whole or separately.
  • the foundation 1 is a subterranean continuous wall and/or a breakwater.
  • the foundation 1 described is a sinking foundation and/or a caisson foundation.
  • the caisson foundation comprises an upper chamber body, the surrounding load-bearing wall of the caisson foundation is an underground continuous wall, and the upper chamber body of the caisson foundation is assembled on the ground, and the bottom of the upper chamber body is provided with a track, a track at the bottom of the load-bearing wall
  • a multi-row chain cutter equipped with cutting rock soil, the multi-row chain cutter excavates the rock at the bottom of the chamber body when running along the bottom rail, and sends out the excavated rock soil.
  • the foundation 1 described is a dam foundation and/or a ship lock foundation.
  • the foundation 1 described is a revetment and/or wharf foundation.
  • the foundation 1 described is the bridge foundation.
  • the chain constituting the chain cutter is a generalized chain including a crawler belt, a rope and a flexible belt.
  • the base 1 is provided with a track on which the chain excavating device 2 operates, and the chain excavating device 2 is composed of a chain cutter 3, a driving device 4, a tensioning device 5, and a sprocket 6, and the chain cutter 3 It consists of a chain 3-1 and a cutter 3-2 fixed on the chain; during construction, the drive unit 4 drives the chain 3-1, the chain 3-1 drives the cutter 3-2 along the track, and the cutter 3-2 at the bottom of the foundation 1
  • the horizontal chain cutter 3-2 at the bottom of the foundation is also a horizontal geotechnical conveyor.
  • the chain cutter 3-2 and the side cover 1-3 moving upward from the bottom constitute a chain vertical geotechnical conveyor 7-1.
  • the rock excavated from the bottom of the foundation reaches the upper part through the horizontal geotechnical conveyor to the chain vertical geotechnical conveyor 7-1, and the bottom chain cutter 3 and the foundation 1 are simultaneously descended together, and the chain 3-2 is broken after descending to the set depth.
  • the chain cutter 3 is all pumped up and recovered by the driving device, and then grouted.
  • the foundation 1 is a pile 8-1, including three types of piles A, B and C; the upper and lower lengths of the type A pile 8-1-1 are equal;
  • the upper length of the B-type one-segment 8-1-2 is small in size and large in the lower length; the upper length of the C-shaped one-segment 8-1-3 is large in size and small in the lower length.
  • the base 1 adopts the A method prefabrication method as follows:
  • the prefabricated parts of the foundation 1 can be assembled on the ground, or they can be assembled while sinking, as shown in c in the figure; 4) grouting after descending to the design depth, or re-grinding after removing the chain cutter 3, As shown in the figure d.
  • the foundation 1 is divided into the following steps by the B method:
  • the above description of the word post 8-1 is as follows.
  • the various structures of the following base 1 can be considered to be composed of a plurality of one-word piles.
  • the foundation 1 is a cross pile foundation 8-2, and the relationship between the chain cutter 3, the driving device 4 tensioning device 5, the sprocket 6, and the like, and the structure and construction method are composed of two one-story piles. Composition.
  • the foundation 1 is an I-shaped pile, the foundation 8-3, the chain knife 3, the driving device 4 tensioning device 5, the sprocket 6 and the like, the structure and the construction method, and three The composition of the word pile.
  • the foundation 1 is a mouth pile foundation 8-4, and the relationship between the chain cutter 3, the driving device 4 tensioning device 5, the sprocket 6 and the like, and the structure and construction method are composed of four one-word piles. .
  • the foundation 1 is an underground continuous wall, which is divided into 8-type underground continuous wall foundation 8-5-1, B-type underground continuous wall foundation 8-5-2 and C-type underground continuous wall foundation 8- 5-3, the relationship between the chain cutter 3, the driving device 4, the tensioning device 5, the sprocket 6 and the structure and construction method;
  • the A-type underground continuous wall foundation 8-5-1 is a number of I-shaped piles and a number of words The piles are embedded and combined, the I-shaped piles can be fixed after drilling, or they can be equipped with chain cutters to excavate the earth and fall;
  • 8-5-2 underground continuous wall B can be understood as four one-word piles.
  • Combination, 8-5-3 underground continuous wall C consists of six one-piece piles embedded in each other, which can be constructed on site or separately.
  • the foundation 1 is the breakwater foundation 8-6, and the relationship between the chain cutter 3, the driving device 4, the tensioning device 5, and the sprocket 6 and the structure and construction method can be equivalently understood as one word. pile.
  • the foundation 1 is 8-7-1 caisson foundation A or 8-7-2 caisson foundation B, and the chain cutter 3, the driving device 4, the tensioning device 5, the sprocket 6, etc.
  • 8-7-1 sinking foundation A can be understood as a combination of 24 one-word piles
  • 8-7-2 sinking foundation B is composed of eight one-word piles.
  • the foundation 1 is a caisson foundation 8-8, and the relationship between the chain cutter 3, the driving device 4 tensioning device 5, the sprocket 6, and the like, and the structure and construction method are composed of four one-word piles.
  • the surrounding load-bearing wall of the caisson foundation 8-8 is the underground continuous wall.
  • the upper chamber body of the caisson foundation 8-8 is assembled on the ground.
  • the bottom of the upper chamber body is provided with a track at the bottom of the load-bearing wall.
  • the track is equipped with cutting rock and soil.
  • the multi-row chain cutter 3, the multi-row chain cutter 3 excavates the rock at the bottom of the chamber body when running along the bottom rail, and sends out the excavated rock soil.
  • the vertical geotechnical conveying device is a vertical screw conveyor 7-2, and the vertical screw conveyor 7-2 is disposed at the side of the chain cutter 3 at the bottom of the foundation or in the middle of the chain of chain cutters 3.
  • the inlet is located at the bottom of the middle of the chain cutter 3 or at the end of the chain cutter, and the chain excavating device 2 can be all mounted at the bottom of the foundation 1 for special occasions.
  • the foundation 1 is a bank foundation.
  • the foundation 1 is a wharf foundation.
  • the foundation 1 is a ship lock foundation.
  • the foundation 1 is a dam foundation.
  • the foundation 1 is a bridge foundation.

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Abstract

一种施工时底部带有链刀的基础及其施工法，其施工时底部带有链刀（3）的基础（1）内或旁设有岩土输送装置，基础（1）的底部设有轨道（1-1），施工时轨道（1-1）上安装有链刀（3），链刀（3）由链条（3-1）和固定于链条（3-1）上挖掘岩土的刀具（3-2）组成；链式挖掘装置主要由链刀（3）和传动装置组成，传动装置主要由驱动装置（4）和链轮（6）等组成，施工时驱动装置（4）驱动链刀（3），链刀（3）沿着轨道（1-1）运行，基础（1）底部的刀具（3-2）挖掘岩土，并经岩土输送装置（7）送出，基础（1）底部的链刀（3）和基础（1）一起下降。克服了现有技术存在的缺陷，由于基础（1）自身带有挖掘装置，所以可以在工厂分块预制基础（1），也可以在现场的固定模板中边浇筑边下降，施工简单，尤其是整体下降防水特别好，施工周期短，成本低。

Description

一种施工时底部带有链刀的基础及其施工法 技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种施工时底部带有链刀的基础及其施工法，属于土木工程基础施工技术领域。
背景技术
现有大型桩基础技术采用整体开挖施工方式，施工周期长，劳动强度大，工作环境安全度差。
现有地下连续墙技术是在地面上利用挖槽机械，在泥浆护壁的条件下，开挖岀一条狭长的深槽，在槽内吊放钢筋笼，浇筑水下混凝土筑成一个单元槽段，如此逐段进行。其主要缺陷：1)槽内水下施工质量难以控制和检测、施工周期长；2)槽段之间的接口施工困难且易渗水；3)开槽机械较高，且要沿着周长移动应用场合受到限制。
现有防波堤一般采用底部抛石堆筑和堆石棱体上加混凝土护面块体，也有采用钢筋混凝土沉箱或大直径圆筒结构；工程量浩大，施工周期长，造价昂贵。
现有沉井基础技术，它是以井内挖土，依靠自身重力克服井壁摩擦阻力下沉到设计标高后进行封底而成的基础；其主要缺陷：施工周期长造价高，纠偏难，遇井底孤石等障碍物时，刃脚难于克服易出现突沉，易出事故等。
现有沉箱基础技术需要输入压缩空气来提供工作条件，把工作室内的水压出室外；其主要缺陷：设备复杂，作业时间受限，工效低费用大，封底困难，深度受到限制，工人在高压条件下易患职业病。
现有大坝基础一般采用导流建筑、围堰建筑来创造干地施工条件，开挖土方量大，工程量浩大。大坝修建好后，围堰需拆除，施工周期长，造价昂贵。
现有驳岸基础、码头基础一般采用挖掘机开挖，设置排水沟或集水井进行排水，驳岸外侧还需要筑围堰。为防止沉降量大，每日砌筑高度有限，施工周期长，造价也高。
现有船闸基础一般采用在山体开凿通道修建船闸，土方开挖工程浩大，施工周期长，造价昂贵。
现有桥墩基础一般采用先筑围堰，再抽水，在围堰内施工桥墩基础，水会不断渗入围堰，需要不断抽水得到干地施工条件，施工环境差，不安全。
发明内容
本发明提出的是一种施工时底部带有链刀的基础及其施工法，其目的旨在克服现有技 术存在的缺陷。
如应用在桩基础领域，其主要优点：1)柱基础在预制场分段或整体制造，也可以在现场的固定模板中边浇筑边下降，施工方便；2)结构简单；3)在现场整体下沉，施工周期短，成本低。
如应用在地下连续墙领域，其主要优点：1)地下连续墙在预制场分段制造，也可以在现场的固定模板中边浇筑边下降，施工简单质量好易检测；2)在现场整体下沉无接口，尤其适用地下连续墙是永久承重墙，施工周期短，成本低；3)链刀的驱动装置不需移动，且链刀在地面之上部分可水平布置，适用场合较广。
如应用在防波堤领域，其主要优点：1)防波堤在预制场分段制造，在现场的组装整体下降，质量好；2)施工周期短，成本低；3)特别适合深水区域。
如应用在沉井基础领域，其主要优点：1)沉井基础在预制场分段制造，也可以在现场的固定模板中边浇筑边下降，施工简单质量好；2)在现场整体下沉，施工周期短，成本低；3)特别适合井底有孤石等障碍物的施工。
如应用在沉箱基础领域，其主要优点：1)沉箱基础在预制场分体制造，也可以在现场的固定模板中边浇筑边下降，施工简单；2)在现场整体下沉，施工周期短，成本低；3)工人无需在高压条件下工作。
如应用在大坝基础领域，其主要优点：1)大坝施工时，采用分段围堰形施工法，利用围堰筑建大坝，围堰也成为大坝的主体结构；2)修建好的坝体留置导流洞进行导流，不需要额外增加导流建筑；3)不需要拆除围堰，成本低，缩短工期。
如应用在驳岸基础、码头基础领域，其主要优点：1)不需要构筑围堰，施工简单；2)在现场整体下沉，施工周期短，成本低。
如应用在船闸基础领域，其主要优点：1)船闸基础整体或分块下降，施工周期短；2)基础框架可作为基坑支护，挖掘基础框架内的岩土，安全，方便，而且土方开挖量小。
如应用在桥墩基础领域，其主要优点：1)工厂预制桥墩基础在施工现场整体下降，施工周期短；2)水中桥墩施工不需要围堰，深基坑施工等，施工安全，方便。
本发明的技术解决方案：一种施工时底部带有链刀的基础及其施工法，施工时底部带有链刀的基础1内或旁设有岩土输送装置，基础1的底部设有轨道，施工时轨道上安装有链刀，链刀由链条和固定于链条上挖掘岩土的刀具组成；链式挖掘装置主要由链刀和传动装置组成，传动装置主要由驱动装置和链轮等组成，施工时驱动装置驱动链刀，链刀沿着轨道运行，基础1底部的刀具挖掘岩土，并经岩土输送装置送出，基础1底部的链刀和基础1一 起下降。
施工法分A法工厂预制基础1和B法现场浇筑基础1；
A法预制法分如下步骤：
1)在工厂分块或整体预制基础1；
2)运至现场拼装基础1并蹲位，在基础1底部的轨道上安装链刀；
3)安装链条驱动装置，连接安装有链刀的链条；
4)驱动链条，链刀挖掘底部的岩土，经岩土输送装置送至上方，基础1随之下降；
5)下降至设计深度拆除链刀后灌浆。
基础1除底部外，在现场的固定模板中浇筑，施工时固定模板不动，随着底部岩土的挖掘，基础1边浇筑边下沉；链式挖掘装置由底部轨道、中间机架、上部装置和链刀组成，底部轨道与基础1的底部固连成一体；中间机架的底部与底部轨道相连成一体，顶部与上部装置相连，中间机架内安装有链条运行的轨道，中间机架同时也是基础1钢筋笼的组成部分，由底部向上运行的链刀和中间机架的封闭腔组成了岩土垂直输送装置，随着底部轨道的下沉，中间机架也同步下沉；上部装置固定于作业平台上或固定于中间机架的顶部，上部装置安装有链条驱动装置和张紧装置，底部轨道的链条通过中间机架与上部装置内驱动装置、张紧装置相连；B法现浇法分如下步骤：
1)清理现场，搭建作业平台；
2)组装底部轨道，即基础1底部蹲位，并在基础1底部的轨道上安装链刀；
3)组装中间机架、上部装置和浇筑模板；
4)安装链条驱动装置、张紧装置，将底部轨道、中间机架、上部装置的链刀连接成一体，组成链式挖掘装置；
5)制作钢筋笼，在模板中浇筑混凝土；
6)驱动链条，链刀挖掘基础1底部的岩土，并将已挖掘的岩土经中间机架输送至上方，基础1随之下降；
7)随着基础1底部的下降，模板中的基础1边浇筑边下降；
8)下降至设计深度拆除链式挖掘装置后灌浆，拆除浇筑模板。
本发明的优点：克服了现有技术存在的缺陷，由于基础1自身带有挖掘装置，所以可以在工厂分块预制基础1，也可以在现场的固定模板中边浇筑边下降，施工简单，尤其是整体下降防水特别好，施工周期短，成本低。
附图说明
图1是链刀3的结构示意图，(a)是链条3-1和刀具3-2的结构示意图，也是由A十字节3-1-1和B十字节3-1-2组成的链条3-1的十字节的结构示意图；也是链条3-1实现空间弯曲的结构示意图。(b)是链刀3由柔性带3-1B和刀具3-2B组成的结构示意图；也是柔性带3-1B和刀具3-2B的结构示意图；
图2是基础1为A型一字桩8-1-1的结构示意图，也是链式挖掘装置挖掘基础底部岩土时的结构示意图；
图3是图2的A向视图，也是组成链式挖掘装置2的链轮6、驱动装置4和张紧装置5的结构示意图；
图4是图2的B-B剖视图，也是链刀3在基础底部既挖掘岩土又是岩土水平输送的结构示意图,也是基础1底部运行链刀3的轨道1-1和基础1底部设有的泥浆管路1-4的结构示意图；
图5是图2的C-C剖视图，也是由链刀3和侧面罩1-3组成的垂直岩土输送装置的结构示意图；
图6是基础1为B型一字桩8-1-2的结构示意图；
图7是基础1为C型一字桩8-1-3的结构示意图；
图8是基础1为一字桩8-1时的A法施工示意图；
图9是基础1为一字桩8-1时的B法施工示意图，也是底部轨道B-1、浇筑模板B-4的结构示意图，是上部装置固定于作业平台不升降的结构示意图；
图10是图9的A向视图，也是中间机架B-2和上部装置B-3的结构示意图；
图11中的a是B法施工时的初始状态示意图，也是上部装置B-3固定于中间机架B-2的顶部的结构示意图，b是底部开始挖掘上部开始浇筑的示意图；
图12中的c是基础1下沉至一定深度时的B法施工示意图，d是基础1达到设计深度拆除施工设备后的示意图；
图13是基础1由两个一字桩8-1组成的十字桩，随着底部的链刀3一起整体下沉时的结构示意图；
图14是图13的A向视图，也是组成链式挖掘装置2的链轮6、驱动装置4和张紧装置5的结构示意图；
图15是图13的B-B剖视图；
图16是基础1由三个一字桩8-1组成的工字桩8-3，随着底部的链刀3一起整体下沉时的结构示意图；
图17是图16的A向视图，也是组成链式挖掘装置2的链轮6、驱动装置4和张紧装置5的结构示意图；
图18是图16的B-B剖视图；
图19是基础1由四个一字桩8-1组成口字桩8-4的结构示意俯视图；
图20是基础1为8-5-1地下连续墙基础A的结构俯视图，也是组成A型地下连续墙8-5-1的一字桩和工字桩的结构示意图；
图21是基础1为8-5-2地下连续墙基础B的结构俯视图；
图22是图21的A向视图，也是地下连续墙基础B随着底部的链刀3一起整体下沉时的结构示意图；
图23是图21的B向视图，也是地下连续墙基础B随着底部的链刀3一起整体下沉时的结构示意图；
图24是基础1为8-5-3地下连续墙基础C的俯视图,也是下连续墙基础C由六个一字桩相互嵌入式组成，在现场六个一字桩可以整体施工，也可以分开施工的结构示意图；
图25是基础1为防波堤8-6，随着底部的链刀3一起整体下沉时的结构示意图；
图26是图25的A向视图；
图27是基础1为8-7-1沉井基础A的结构俯视图；
图28是图27的A向视图，也是8-7-1沉井基础A随着底部的链刀3一起整体下沉时的结构示意图；
图29是图27的B向视图，也是8-7-1沉井基础A随着底部的链刀3一起整体下沉时的结构示意图；
图30是基础1为8-7-2沉井基础B的结构示意俯视图；
图31是基础1为沉箱基础8-8的结构示意俯视图；
图32是图31的A-A剖视图，也是沉箱基础8-8随着底部的链刀3一起整体下沉时的结构示意图；
图33是图32的D-D剖视图；
图34是图31的B-B剖现图；
图35是图31的C-C剖视图；
图36是含多层地下室的沉箱基础8-8在地面分块组装(或浇筑)整体下降至设定高度，拆除链刀3后底部灌浆的结构示意图,也是地铁车站的结构示意图；
图37是垂直螺旋输送机7-2位于链刀3中部侧面的结构示意图，也是垂直筒形通道位于侧面 的结构示意图；
图38是图37的A-A剖视图，也是垂直螺旋输送机的入口和链刀底部的螺旋刀7-3的结构示意图；
图39是垂直螺旋输送机7-2位于双排链刀中间的结构示意俯视图；
图40是图39的A-A剖视图，也是垂直螺旋输送机7-2和入口的螺旋刀7-3的结构示意图；
图41是图40的仰视图，也是垂直螺旋输送机7-2位于双排链刀3的中间的结构示意图；
图42是基础1的底部结构示意图，也是链刀3的链条闭环中心线均在基础底部的结构示意图；
图43是基础1为驳岸基础8-9-1的结构示意图；
图44是图43的A-A剖视图；
图45是基础1为码头基础8-9-2的结构示意图；
图46是图45的A-A剖视图；
图47是基础1为船闸基础8-10的结构示意图；
图48是图47的A-A剖视图，是闸门位置桩基础的结构示意图，也是随着底部的链刀3一起整体下沉时的结构示意图；
图49是基础1为大坝基础8-11的结构示意图；
图50是图49的A-A视图，也是大坝基础8-11中的井字形桩随着底部的链刀3一起整体下沉时的结构示意图；
图51是图49的Ⅰ局部放大视图，也是大坝基础8-11中桩与墙结合的结构示意图；
图52是基础1为桥梁基础8-12的结构示意图；
图53是图52的A-A视图，也是桥梁基础8-12地面以上部分的结构示意图；
图54是图52的B-B视图，也是桥梁基础8-12地面以下部分的结构示意图；
图55是基础1的底部轨道和侧面轨道的结构示意图，轨道的类型包括a1、a2、b、c和d共5种，其中a1、a2是凹型，b是平面型，c是凸型；
图56是d型轨道和链刀的结构示意图；
图57是d为纵向多排轨道错开成锥型的结构示意图；
图中的1是施工时底部带有链刀3的基础；1-1是基础1底部运行链刀3的轨道；1-2是基础1侧面运行链刀3的轨道；1-3是底部带刃角的基础1的侧面罩；1-4是基础1底部设有的泥浆管路；2是由链刀3、驱动装置4、张紧装置5、链轮6等组成的链式挖掘装置；3是组成链式挖掘装置2的链刀；3-1是组成链刀3的链条，包括履带、绳索和柔性带；3-1-1是组成链条十字节的A十字节；3-1-2是组成链条十字节的B十字节；3-1B是组成链刀3的柔性带； 3-2是固定在链条3-1上的挖掘岩土的刀具；3-2B是固定在柔性带3-1B上的挖掘岩土的刀具；4是链条3-1的驱动装置；5是链条3-1的张紧装置；6是运行链条3-1的链轮；7是岩土输送机；7-1是链式垂直岩土输送机；7-2是垂直螺旋输送机；7-3是位于链刀3底部的垂直螺旋输送机7-2入口处,既是水平螺旋挖掘刀也是水平螺旋输送机；8-1是一字桩,包括A、B和C型一字桩；8-1-1是A型一字桩，桩的上下长度相等；8-1-2是B型一字桩，桩的上部长度尺寸小，下部长度尺寸大；8-1-3是C型一字桩，桩的上部长度尺寸大，下部长度尺寸小；8-2是由两个一字桩组成的十字桩；8-3是由三个一字桩组成的工字桩；8-4是由四个一字桩组成的口字桩；8-5是地下连续墙；8-5-1是地下连续墙基础A；8-5-2是地下连续墙B；8-5-3是地下连续墙基础C；8-6是防波堤；8-7是沉井基础；8-7-1是沉井基础A；8-7-2是沉井基础B；8-8是沉箱基础；8-9是驳岸或者码头基础；8-9-1是驳岸基础；8-9-2是码头基础；8-10是船闸基础；8-11是大坝基础；8-12是桥梁基础；B-1是B法中的底部轨道；B-2是B法中的中间机架；B-3是B法中的上部装置；B-4是B法中的浇筑模板。
具体实施方式
一种施工时底部带有链刀的基础1内或旁设有岩土输送装置，基础1的底部设有轨道，施工时轨道上安装有链刀，链刀由链条和固定于链条上挖掘岩土的刀具组成；链式挖掘装置主要由链刀和传动装置组成，传动装置主要由驱动装置和链轮等组成，施工时驱动装置驱动链刀，链刀沿着轨道运行，基础1底部的刀具挖掘岩土，并经岩土输送装置送出，基础1底部的链刀和基础1一起下降。
所述链刀的链条闭环中心线均在基础1的底部。
所述的垂直岩土输送装置是垂直螺旋输送机，入口位于链刀中部的底部或链刀的端部，垂直螺旋输送机位于链刀的侧面或多排链刀的中间。
所述的链刀在宽度方向为多排链刀，多排链刀根据需要进行同时挖掘或分别挖掘。
所述的施工法分A法工厂预制基础1和B法现场浇筑基础1；
A法预制法分如下步骤：
1)在工厂分块或整体预制基础1；
2)运至现场拼装基础1并蹲位，在基础1底部的轨道上安装链刀；
3)安装链条驱动装置，连接安装有链刀的链条；
4)驱动链条，链刀挖掘底部的岩土，经岩土输送装置送至上方，基础1随之下降；
5)下降至设计深度拆除链刀后灌浆；
B法现浇法
基础1除底部外，在现场的固定模板中浇筑，施工时固定模板不动，随着底部岩土的挖掘，基础1边浇筑边下沉；链式挖掘装置由底部轨道、中间机架、上部装置和链刀组成，底部轨道与基础1的底部固连成一体；中间机架的底部与底部轨道相连成一体，顶部与上部装置相连，中间机架内安装有链条运行的轨道，中间机架同时也是基础1钢筋笼的组成部分，由底部向上运行的链刀和中间机架的封闭腔组成了岩土垂直输送装置，随着底部轨道的下沉，中间机架也同步下沉；上部装置固定于作业平台上或固定于中间机架的顶部，上部装置安装有链条驱动装置和张紧装置，底部轨道的链条通过中间机架与上部装置内驱动装置、张紧装置相连；B法现浇法分如下步骤：
1)清理现场，搭建作业平台；
2)组装底部轨道，即基础1底部蹲位，并在基础1底部的轨道上安装链刀；
3)组装中间机架、上部装置和浇筑模板；
4)安装链条驱动装置、张紧装置，将底部轨道、中间机架、上部装置的链刀连接成一体，组成链式挖掘装置；
5)制作钢筋笼，在模板中浇筑混凝土；
6)驱动链条，链刀挖掘基础1底部的岩土，并将已挖掘的岩土经中间机架输送至上方，基础1随之下降；
7)随着基础1底部的下降，模板中的基础1边浇筑边下降；
8)下降至设计深度拆除链式挖掘装置后灌浆，拆除浇筑模板。
所述的基础1是一字桩。
所述的基础1是由若干个一字桩组成，在现场若干个一字桩是整体施工或分开施工的。
所述的基础1是地下连续墙和/或防波堤。
所述的基础1是沉井基础和/或沉箱基础。
所述的沉箱基础包括上部室体，所述的沉箱基础的四周承重墙是地下连续墙，沉箱基础的上部室体在地面上进行组装，上部室体四周承重墙内的底部设有轨道，轨道装有切削岩土的多排链刀，多排链刀沿着底部轨道运行时挖掘室体底部的岩土，并将所挖掘的岩土送出。
所述的基础1是大坝基础和/或船闸基础。
所述的基础1是驳岸和/或码头基础。
所述的基础1是桥梁基础。
所述的组成链刀的链条是广义的链条，包括履带、绳索和柔性带。
下面结合附图进一步描述本发明的技术方案：
如图1～图5所示，基础1上设有链式挖掘装置2运行的轨道，链式挖掘装置2由链刀3、驱动装置4、张紧装置5和链轮6组成，链刀3由链条3-1和固定于链条上的刀具3-2组成；施工时驱动装置4驱动链条3-1，链条3-1带动刀具3-2沿着轨道运行，基础1底部的刀具3-2挖掘岩土，基础底部的水平链刀3-2同时是水平岩土输送机，从底部向上运动的链刀3-2和侧面罩1-3组成了链式垂直岩土输送机7-1，从基础底部挖掘的岩土经水平岩土输送机至链式垂直岩土输送机7-1到达上方，底部链刀3和基础1一起同步下降，下降至设定深度后断开链条3-2，经驱动装置将链刀3全部抽上回收，再予以灌浆。
如图2、图6和图7所示，基础1是一字桩8-1,包括A、B和C型三种一字桩；A型一字桩8-1-1的上下长度相等；B型一字桩8-1-2的上部长度尺寸小，下部长度尺寸大；C型一字桩8-1-3的上部长度尺寸大，下部长度尺寸小。
如图8所示，基础1采用A法预制法分如下步骤：
1)在工厂分块预制基础1，运至现场拼装基础1并蹲位，并在其底部的轨道上安装链刀3，安装链条驱动装置4等装置，连接安装有挖掘刀的链条3-1，如图中的a所示；
2)驱动链条3-1，链刀挖掘底部的岩土，经岩土输送装置7送至上方，基础1随之下降，如图中b所示；
3)下降至一定深度后，在地面拼装基础1的预制件，也可边下沉边拼装，如图中c所示；4)下降至设计深度后灌浆，或拆除链刀3后再灌浆，如图中d所示。
如图9～图12所示，基础1采用B法现浇法分如下步骤：
1)清理现场，搭建作业平台；
2)组装底部轨道B-1和浇筑模板B-4，即基础1的底部蹲位，并在其底部的轨道上安装链刀3；
3)组装中间机架B-2、上部装置B-3；
4)安装链条驱动装置4、张紧装置5，将底部轨道B-1、中间机架B-2、上部装置B-3和链条3-1连接成一体，组成链式挖掘装置2；
5)制作钢筋笼，将中间机架B-2与钢筋笼焊接成一体，中间机架同时也是浇筑模板的组成部分；
6)在模板B-4中浇筑混凝土；
7)驱动链条3-1，链刀3挖掘底部的岩土，并将已挖掘的岩土经中间机架B-2输送至上方， 基础1随之下降；
8)随着基础1底部的挖掘，模板B-4中的基础1边浇筑边下降；
9)下降至设计深度拆除链刀3后灌浆；
10)拆除上部装置和中间机架高于基础1的部分，拆除浇筑模板；
以上对一字桩8-1进行了的描述，下面基础1的各种结构可以认为是由若干个一字桩组合而成的。
如图13～图15所示，基础1为十字桩基础8-2，其链刀3、驱动装置4张紧装置5、链轮6等相互关系及结构和施工法，由两个一字桩的组成。
如图16～图18所示，基础1为工字桩，基础8-3，其链刀3、驱动装置4张紧装置5、链轮6等相互关系及结构和施工法，由三个一字桩的组成。
如图19所示，基础1为口字桩基础8-4，其链刀3、驱动装置4张紧装置5、链轮6等相互关系及结构和施工法，由四个一字桩的组成。
如图20～图24所示，基础1为地下连续墙,分为A型地下连续墙基础8-5-1、B型地下连续墙基础8-5-2和C型地下连续墙基础8-5-3，其链刀3、驱动装置4、张紧装置5、链轮6等相互关系及结构和施工法；A型地下连续墙基础8-5-1是若干工字桩和若干一字桩嵌入式组合而成，工字桩可以在钻孔后放入固定，也可以设有链刀，挖掘岩土而下降；8-5-2地下连续墙B可以理解为四个一字桩的组合，8-5-3地下连续墙C由六个一字桩相互嵌入的组成，可以在现场整体施工或者分开施工。
如图25～图26所示，基础1为防波堤基础8-6，其链刀3、驱动装置4、张紧装置5、链轮6等相互关系及结构和施工法，可以等同理解为一字桩。
如图27～图30所示，基础1为8-7-1沉井基础A或8-7-2沉井基础B，其链刀3、驱动装置4、张紧装置5、链轮6等相互关系及结构和施工法，8-7-1沉井基础A可以理解为24个一字桩的组合，8-7-2沉井基础B是由八个一字桩组成。
如图31～图36所示，基础1为沉箱基础8-8，其链刀3、驱动装置4张紧装置5、链轮6等相互关系及结构和施工法，由四个一字桩的组成；沉箱基础8-8的四周承重墙是地下连续墙，沉箱基础8-8的上部室体在地面上进行组装，上部室体四周承重墙内的底部设有轨道，轨道装有切削岩土的多排链刀3，多排链刀3沿着底部轨道运行时挖掘室体底部的岩土，并将所挖掘的岩土送出。
如图37～图41所示，垂直岩土输送装置为垂直螺旋输送机7-2，垂直螺旋输送机7-2布置在基础底部的链刀3的侧面或多排链刀3的中间。其入口位于链刀3中部的底部或链刀 的端部，链式挖掘装置2可以全部安装于基础1的底部，适用于特殊场合。
如图43、图44所示，基础1为驳岸基础。
如图45、图46所示，基础1为码头基础。
如图47、图48所示，基础1为船闸基础。
如图49～图51所示，基础1为大坝基础。
如图52～图54所示，基础1为桥梁基础。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种施工时底部带有链刀的基础，其特征是施工时底部带有链刀的基础(1)内或旁设有岩土输送装置，基础(1)的底部设有轨道，施工时轨道上安装有链刀，链刀由链条和固定于链条上挖掘岩土的刀具组成；链式挖掘装置主要由链刀和传动装置组成，传动装置主要由驱动装置和链轮等组成，施工时驱动装置驱动链刀，链刀沿着轨道运行，基础(1)底部的刀具挖掘岩土，并经岩土输送装置送出，基础(1)底部的链刀和基础(1)一起下降。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种施工时底部带有链刀的基础，其特征是所述链刀的链条闭环中心线均在基础(1)的底部。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种施工时底部带有链刀的基础，其特征在于所述的垂直岩土输送装置是垂直螺旋输送机，入口位于链刀中部的底部或链刀的端部，垂直螺旋输送机位于链刀的侧面或多排链刀的中间。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种施工时底部带有链刀的基础，其特征是所述的链刀在宽度方向为多排链刀，多排链刀根据需要进行同时挖掘或分别挖掘。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种施工时底部带有链刀的基础施工法，其特征是所述的施工法分A法工厂预制基础(1)和B法现场浇筑基础(1)；
    A法预制法分如下步骤：
    1)在工厂分块或整体预制基础(1)；
    2)运至现场拼装基础(1)并蹲位，在基础(1)底部的轨道上安装链刀；
    3)安装链条驱动装置，连接安装有链刀的链条；
    4)驱动链条，链刀挖掘底部的岩土，经岩土输送装置送至上方，基础(1)随之下降；
    5)下降至设计深度拆除链刀后灌浆；
    B法现浇法
    基础(1)除底部外，在现场的固定模板中浇筑，施工时固定模板不动，随着底部岩土的挖掘，基础(1)边浇筑边下沉；链式挖掘装置由底部轨道、中间机架、上部装置和链刀组成，底部轨道与基础(1)的底部固连成一体；中间机架的底部与底部轨道相连成一体，顶部与上部装置相连，中间机架内安装有链条运行的轨道，中间机架同时也是基础(1)钢筋笼的组成部分，由底部向上运行的链刀和中间机架的封闭腔组成了岩土垂直输送装置，随着底部轨道的下沉，中间机架也同步下沉；上部装置固定于作业平台上或固定于中间机架的顶部，上部装置安装有链条驱动装置和张紧装置，底部轨道的链条通过中间机架与上部装置内驱动装置、张紧装置相连；B法现浇法分如下步骤：
    1)清理现场，搭建作业平台；
    2)组装底部轨道，即基础(1)底部蹲位，并在基础(1)底部的轨道上安装链刀；
    3)组装中间机架、上部装置和浇筑模板；
    4)安装链条驱动装置、张紧装置，将底部轨道、中间机架、上部装置的链刀连接成一体，组成链式挖掘装置；
    5)制作钢筋笼，在模板中浇筑混凝土；
    6)驱动链条，链刀挖掘基础(1)底部的岩土，并将已挖掘的岩土经中间机架输送至上方，基础(1)随之下降；
    7)随着基础(1)底部的下降，模板中的基础(1)边浇筑边下降；
    8)下降至设计深度拆除链式挖掘装置后灌浆，拆除浇筑模板。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种施工时底部带有链刀的基础，其特征在于所述的基础(1)是一字桩。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种施工时底部带有链刀的基础，其特征在于所述的基础(1)是由若干个一字桩组成，在现场若干个一字桩是整体施工或分开施工的。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种施工时底部带有链刀的基础，其特征是所述的基础(1)是地下连续墙和/或防波堤。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的一种施工时底部带有链刀的基础，其特征在于所述的基础(1)是沉井基础和/或沉箱基础。
  10. 根据权利要求8、9所述的一种施工时底部带有链刀的基础，其特征在于所述的沉箱基础包括上部室体，所述的沉箱基础的四周承重墙是地下连续墙，沉箱基础的上部室体在地面上进行组装，上部室体四周承重墙内的底部设有轨道，轨道装有切削岩土的多排链刀，多排链刀沿着底部轨道运行时挖掘室体底部的岩土，并将所挖掘的岩土送出。
  11. 根据权利要求7所述的一种施工时底部带有链刀的基础，其特征在于所述的基础(1)是大坝基础和/或船闸基础。
  12. 根据权利要求7所述的一种施工时底部带有链刀的基础，其特征在于所述的基础(1)是驳岸和/或码头基础。
  13. 根据权利要求7所述的一种施工时底部带有链刀的基础，其特征在于所述的基础(1)是桥梁基础。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的一种施工时底部带有链刀的基础，其特征是所述的组成链刀的链条是广义的链条，包括履带、绳索和柔性带。
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