WO2018133303A1 - 一种循环流化床与热解床复合气化的方法及其装置 - Google Patents

一种循环流化床与热解床复合气化的方法及其装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018133303A1
WO2018133303A1 PCT/CN2017/088047 CN2017088047W WO2018133303A1 WO 2018133303 A1 WO2018133303 A1 WO 2018133303A1 CN 2017088047 W CN2017088047 W CN 2017088047W WO 2018133303 A1 WO2018133303 A1 WO 2018133303A1
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Prior art keywords
pyrolysis
circulating fluidized
gasification furnace
fluidized bed
gasification
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PCT/CN2017/088047
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张连华
陈柏金
王季
张晖
仇云龙
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中科聚信洁能热锻装备研发股份有限公司
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Priority to JP2018556866A priority Critical patent/JP6716179B2/ja
Priority to US16/479,929 priority patent/US20190367826A1/en
Priority to EP17893195.2A priority patent/EP3540031B1/en
Publication of WO2018133303A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018133303A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
    • C10J3/56—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/152—Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/36—Moving parts inside the gasification reactor not otherwise provided for
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1625—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with solids treatment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a coal gasification composite gasification device, in particular to a gasification furnace for circulating fluidized bed and pyrolysis bed sequential fluidization pyrolysis gasification, which is used for gasification of raw coal, belonging to coal gasification equipment technology field.
  • each gasifier has its own advantages and disadvantages, such as fixed bed gasifiers, high coal conversion rate and thermal efficiency, and gas contains a large amount of tar and other pollutants; Circulating fluidized bed gasifier produces clean gas that is free of tar and other contaminants.
  • the raw coal has low thermal efficiency, and the coal slag contains a large amount of semi-coke.
  • the coking coal slag needs to be transported to a low-demand combustion environment for re-combustion. , such as hot materials used in the combustion of thermal power plants. On the one hand, it reduces the utilization rate of coal, on the other hand, it increases the cost of transportation and other costs. It is hoped that there will be a coal-to-gas plant that will obtain clean gas while ensuring that the raw coal is converted to high gas efficiency.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a process for composite gasification of a circulating fluidized bed and a pyrolysis bed, It is combusted and gasified by an organic combination of a circulating fluidized bed gasifier and a pyrolysis bed gasifier to increase the conversion rate of raw coal and eliminate major pollutants in the gas.
  • the object of the present invention is also to provide a circulating fluidized bed and a pyrolysis bed composite gasification device, which is used for the staged fluidization gasification and pyrolysis gasification of raw coal for the production of clean high conversion gas.
  • the present invention provides a recirculating fluidized bed and a pyrolysis bed combined gasification apparatus, comprising: a circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace, a cyclone separator, a precipitation chamber, Conveyor, high temperature air pipe, steam pipe, oxygen pipe, fly ash pipe, slag plate, cloth body.
  • the raw coal enters the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace through a coal conveying pipeline, and an upper portion of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace is connected with an upper portion of the cyclone separator through a gas pipeline, and the top of the cyclone separator and the sedimentation chamber
  • the top is connected by a gas pipeline;
  • the upper part of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace is a gasification furnace chamber, the air distributor is arranged in the middle part, the lower part is a first mixed air distribution chamber;
  • the central part of the upper part of the cyclone separator is arranged,
  • the bottom of the cyclone floats on the slag tray, and a water seal is arranged between the slag tray and the bottom of the cyclone separator.
  • the air distribution body is disposed at the bottom of the cyclone separator and located on the slag tray, between the slag tray and the lower portion of the air distribution body.
  • the lower portion of the cyclone chamber and the second air distribution chamber below the air distribution body constitute a pyrolysis bed gasification furnace; the upper part of the sedimentation chamber is provided with a diagonal flow a conveyor at the bottom; the conveyor is connected to the fly ash pipeline; the high temperature air duct, the steam pipeline, the oxygen pipeline, the fly ash pipeline are connected to the first mixed air distribution chamber of the lower part of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace Pass High temperature air duct, the steam conduit, said oxygen conduit and a second air distribution member is provided with a lower portion of the mixing air distribution chamber in communication.
  • the ramped deflector is placed obliquely within the settling chamber.
  • the air distribution body is tapered.
  • the top of the central barrel of the cyclone is in communication with the top of the settling chamber through a gas conduit.
  • the present invention provides a gasification method comprising: a. Raw coal is subjected to preliminary combustion fluidization gasification in a circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace at a temperature of from 900 ° C to 1200 ° C to produce gas, including Carbon fly ash and semi-coke, carbon fly ash and semi-coke are fed into the cyclone with gas; b, gas in the circulating fluidized bed gasifier, carbon-containing fly ash and semi-coke enter the cyclone through the upper part of the cyclone The separator, the separated semi-coke enters the pyrolysis bed gasification furnace, and the gasification agent is introduced into the bottom of the pyrolysis bed gasification furnace, and the separated semi-coke is burned in the pyrolysis bed gasification furnace for further pyrolysis gasification; c.
  • the gas produced by the pyrolysis bed gasification furnace, the gas produced by the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace, and the carbon-containing fly ash enter the sedimentation chamber through the central cylinder of the cyclone separator, and the coal slag is discharged from the bottom slag tray of the pyrolysis bed gasification furnace d, the carbon-containing fly ash is precipitated in the precipitation chamber, and is sent to the first mixed air distribution chamber at the bottom of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace by the conveyor and the fly ash pipeline, and is heated with the gasifying agent and enters the circulating fluidized bed gas.
  • the furnace is recycled to the gasification combustion pyrolysis reaction.
  • the gasifying agent introduced into the bottom of the pyrolysis bed gasifier is a mixed gas of air and water vapor, and the semi-coke is subjected to a combustion pyrolysis reaction in a pyrolysis bed gasifier.
  • the gasification agent introduced into the bottom of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace is a mixed gas of air, water vapor and oxygen, and the combustion pyrolysis reaction of the raw coal in the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace occurs. .
  • the gasifying agent introduced into the bottom of the pyrolysis bed gasifier It is a mixed gas of air, water vapor and oxygen, and the semi-coke undergoes a combustion pyrolysis reaction in a pyrolysis bed gasifier.
  • a apparatus for combined gasification of a circulating fluidized bed and a pyrolysis bed comprising: a circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace comprising conveying to a circulating fluidized bed gasifier The coal conveying pipeline of the raw coal, the gasification agent is introduced into the bottom of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace, the coal, the carbon-containing fly ash and the semi-coke generated by boiling combustion pyrolysis in the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace; pyrolysis In the bed gasification furnace, the upper part thereof communicates with the upper part of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace through a gas pipeline, and the gas, carbonaceous fly ash and semi-coke generated in the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace enter the pyrolysis bed gasification through the gas pipeline The furnace and the semi-coke fall into the bottom of the pyrolysis bed gasification furnace, and the gasification agent is introduced into the bottom of the pyrolysis bed gasification furnace, and the semi-coke
  • the upper part of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace is a gasifier chamber
  • the air distributor is disposed in a middle portion
  • the lower portion is a first mixed air distribution chamber
  • the gasifying agent is introduced into the first mixed air distribution chamber.
  • the bottom of the furnace body of the pyrolysis bed gasification furnace is floated on the slag tray, and a water seal is arranged between the slag tray and the bottom of the furnace body of the pyrolysis bed gasification furnace, and the air distribution body is disposed in the pyrolysis bed for gasification
  • the bottom of the furnace body of the furnace is located on the slag tray, and a second mixing air chamber is disposed between the slag tray and the lower portion of the air distribution body, and the gasifying agent is introduced into the second mixing air distribution chamber.
  • the apparatus further includes: a precipitation chamber, a conveyor, a high temperature air conduit, a steam conduit, an oxygen conduit, a fly ash conduit, a top of the pyrolysis bed gasifier and a top of the precipitation chamber
  • the gas is connected to the gas pipeline; the upper part of the sedimentation chamber is provided with a slanting guide plate, and the conveyor is arranged at the bottom; the conveyor is connected with the fly ash pipeline; the high temperature air pipeline, the steam pipeline, the oxygen pipeline, Fly ash pipe and first mixed cloth
  • the chambers are in communication, and the high temperature air duct, the steam duct, and the oxygen duct are in communication with the second mixed air distribution chamber.
  • the design theory of the invention utilizes the principle that no tar and other pollutants are generated during the gasification process of the circulating fluidized bed gasifier and the principle of high gasification efficiency of the pyrolysis bed gasifier, and the two are coordinated and designed in one coal gas. In the equipment, neither tar and other pollutants are produced, and high conversion rate of raw coal gas can be achieved.
  • the invention has the advantages that the original coal gasification rate is high, and no pollutants such as tar are generated during the gasification process; and the equipment for large, medium and small gasification amounts is large, and the gas production amount adjustment range per unit time is large.
  • the drawing is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a circulating fluidized bed and a pyrolysis bed combined gasification apparatus in the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a circulating fluidized bed and a pyrolysis bed combined gasification apparatus in a second embodiment of the present invention
  • 1 is a coal hopper
  • 2 is a circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace
  • 3 is a cyclone separator
  • 4 is a precipitation chamber
  • 5 is a conveyor
  • 6 is a high temperature air pipeline
  • 7 is a steam pipeline
  • 8 is an oxygen pipeline.
  • 9 is a fly ash pipe
  • 201 is an air blower
  • 202 is a first mixed air distribution chamber
  • 301 is a tapered air distribution body
  • 302 is a slag disk
  • 303 is a second mixed air distribution room
  • 401 is a diagonal guide flow plate.
  • A is raw coal
  • B is semi-coke
  • C is carbon-containing fly ash
  • D is cinder.
  • the present invention provides a first embodiment of a device for circulating fluidized bed and pyrolysis bed combined gasification, the device comprising a raw coal hopper 1, a circulating fluidized bed gasifier 2.
  • the raw coal hopper 1 and the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 2 are connected through a coal conveying pipeline, and an upper portion of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 2 and an upper portion of the cyclone separator 3 are connected through a gas pipeline.
  • the top of the cyclone separator 3 is in communication with the top of the precipitation chamber 4 through a gas conduit.
  • the top of the central cylinder of the cyclone separator 3 and the top of the precipitation chamber 4 It is connected through a gas pipe.
  • the raw coal hopper 1 is provided with raw coal A
  • the upper part of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 2 is a gasification furnace chamber
  • the air distributor 201 is disposed in the middle portion
  • the lower portion is the first mixed air distribution chamber 202.
  • the upper portion of the cyclone separator 3 is provided with a central cylinder, and the bottom portion is floated on the slag tray 302.
  • the conical air distribution body 301 is disposed at the bottom of the cyclone separator and located at the upper portion of the slag tray 302.
  • the slag tray 302 and the cyclone separator 3 is provided with a water seal between the bottom portion, and a second mixed air distribution chamber 303 is disposed between the slag tray 302 and the lower portion of the tapered air distribution body 301, and the lower portion of the inner portion of the cyclone separator 3 and the conical air distribution body 301 and the conical air distribution
  • the second mixing air chamber 303 below the body 301 collectively constitutes a pyrolysis bed gasifier.
  • the tapered air distribution body 301 may also have other shapes, such as a hemisphere or the like.
  • the upper part of the sedimentation chamber 4 is provided with a slanting guide plate 401, and the bottom is provided with a conveyor 5.
  • the conveyor 5 is connected to the fly ash pipe 9; the high temperature air pipe 6, the steam pipe 7, the oxygen pipe 8, the fly ash pipe 9 and the first mixed air distribution provided in the lower part of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 2
  • the chamber 202 is in communication with the high temperature air duct 6, the steam duct 7, the oxygen duct 8 and the lower portion of the cone body 301
  • the second mixing air chamber 303 is provided to communicate with each other.
  • the raw coal A enters the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 2, and performs preliminary combustion pyrolysis gasification in the environment of 900 ° C - 1200 ° C to generate gas, containing Carbon fly ash C and semi-coke B, carbon fly ash C and semi-coke B are fed into cyclone separator 3 with gas; gasification agent is introduced into the bottom of pyrolysis bed gasifier, gas, carbon fly ash C and semi-coke B enters the cyclone separator 2 from the upper part of the device, and the semi-coke B is further burned and pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis bed gasification furnace; the gas generated by the pyrolysis bed gasification furnace, the gas produced by the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace, and the The carbon fly ash C enters the precipitation chamber 4 through the central cylinder of the cyclone separator 2, and the coal slag is discharged from the slag tray 302 at the
  • FIG. 2 it provides a second embodiment of a device for combined gasification of a circulating fluidized bed and a pyrolysis bed.
  • the apparatus includes a circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 2 and a pyrolysis bed gasification furnace 11.
  • the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 2 includes a coal conveying pipe 101 that conveys raw coal to a circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace and a gasifying agent passage 102 that passes a gasifying agent to the bottom of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace.
  • the raw coal is boiled in the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 2 to generate gas, carbon-containing fly ash and semi-coke produced by pyrolysis.
  • the upper portion of the pyrolysis bed gasification furnace 11 communicates with the upper portion of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 2 through a gas pipe.
  • the bottom of the pyrolysis bed gasifier 11 is passed through a gasifying agent passage 111 to the gasifying agent, and the semi-coke is
  • the pyrolysis bed gasification furnace 11 is combusted to further pyrolysis and gasification to generate gas, and the upper portion thereof is provided with a gas outlet 112, and the coal residue is discharged from the bottom slag tray of the pyrolysis bed gasification furnace 11.
  • the design theory of the invention utilizes the principle that the gasification process of the circulating fluidized bed gasifier does not produce tar and other pollutants and the principle of high gasification efficiency of the fixed gasification bed, and the two are coordinated and designed in a coal gasification device. It does not produce pollutants such as tar, but also achieves high conversion rate of raw coal gas.
  • the invention has the advantages that the original coal gasification rate is high, and the gasification process does not produce pollutants such as tar; and the equipment suitable for large, medium and small gasification amounts has a large gas volume adjustment range per unit time.
  • the upper part of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace 2 is a gasifier chamber
  • the air distributor 201 is disposed in the middle portion
  • the first mixing air chamber 202 is disposed in the lower portion
  • the gasifying agent is introduced into the first mixing chamber.
  • the bottom of the furnace body 113 of the pyrolysis bed gasification furnace 11 is floated on the slag tray 302, and a water seal is provided between the slag tray 302 and the bottom of the furnace body 113 of the pyrolysis bed gasification furnace, and the air distribution body 301 is disposed at the heat.
  • the bottom of the furnace body 113 of the bed gasification furnace 111 is located on the slag tray 302, and the second mixing air chamber 303 is disposed between the slag tray 302 and the lower portion of the air distribution body 301, and the gasifying agent is introduced into the second mixed cloth. Room 303.
  • the circulating fluidized bed gasifier 2 includes an inclined baffle 114 disposed at an upper portion, the inclined baffle 114 being capable of entering the gas passing through the gas pipe into the pyrolysis bed gasifier 11
  • the carbon-containing fly ash and the semi-coke are directed downward, so that the semi-coke is more likely to fall into the bottom of the pyrolysis bed gasifier 11.
  • the apparatus further includes: a precipitation chamber, a conveyor, a high temperature air duct, a steam duct, an oxygen duct, and a fly ash duct.
  • the top of the pyrolysis bed gasifier is connected to the top of the precipitation chamber through a gas conduit.
  • the upper part of the sedimentation chamber is provided with a slanting guide plate, the conveyor is arranged at the bottom; the conveyor is connected with the fly ash pipe; the high temperature air pipe, the steam pipe, the oxygen pipe, the fly ash pipe and the first mixed cloth Wind
  • the chamber 202 is in communication, and the high temperature air duct, the steam duct, and the oxygen duct are in communication with the second hybrid air distribution chamber 303.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

一种循环流化床与热解床复合式气化的方法及其装置，涉及煤气化技术。该方法是先利用循环流化床气化炉（2）将原煤热解气化，实现无焦油等污染物的状态煤转化为煤气，利用旋风分离器（3）进行气固分离；再利用热解床气化炉（11）将分离后的半焦煤等气化并燃尽，气化后的煤气经过沉淀室（4）除去飞灰后进入煤气输送管道。该技术方案原煤气化率高，气化过程不产生焦油等污染物，适用于大、中、小各种气化量的设备，单位时间内产气量调节范围大。

Description

一种循环流化床与热解床复合气化的方法及其装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种煤制气复合气化装置，具体为一种循环流化床和热解床顺序流化热解气化的气化炉，用于原料煤的气化，属于煤气化装备技术领域。
背景技术
随着工业经济的迅猛发展，燃煤已作为工业生产过程中必不可少的获热途径。然而直接燃煤会造成对环境的极大污染，因而国家近年出台了大量的关于禁止直接燃煤取热的文件。改为将原煤转化为洁净无污染的煤气燃烧获取热量，为此人们设计出各种各样的将原煤转化为煤气的气化炉，如固定床气化炉、循环流化床气化炉等形式生产制作煤气的气化炉，在一定程度上减少了燃烧对环境的污染。但是深究现有各种形式的气化炉，人们发现每种气化炉都各有优缺点，如固定床气化炉，煤转化率和热效率都高，而煤气中含有大量焦油等污染物；循环流化床气化炉，生产制得的为不含焦油等污染物的洁净煤气，而原煤使用热效率低，煤渣中含有大量半焦，需将含焦煤渣运送到低要求燃烧环境进行再燃烧，如用于热电厂燃烧的热原料。一方面减低了煤的使用率，另一方面增加运输人工等多项成本。人们希望有一种煤制气设备，在保证原煤转化为煤气高效率的同时获得洁净煤气。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种循环流化床与热解床复合气化的工艺， 它通过循环流化床气化炉与热解床气化炉的有机组合燃烧气化，提高原煤转化率，消除煤气中的主要污染物。
本发明的目的还在于提出一种循环流化床与热解床复合气化装置，它将原煤进行分段流化气化和热解气化，用于制作洁净高转化率煤气的设备。
为了实现上述目的，根据本发明的一个方面，本发明提供一种循环流化床与热解床复合式气化的装置，其包括：循环流化床气化炉、旋风分离器、沉淀室、输送机、高温空气管道、蒸汽管道、氧气管道、飞灰管道、渣盘、布风体。原煤通过输煤管道进入所述循环流化床气化炉，所述循环流化床气化炉上部与旋风分离器上部之间通过煤气管道相连通，所述旋风分离器顶部与所述沉淀室顶部之间通过煤气管道相连通；所述循环流化床气化炉上部为气化炉腔，中部设置布风器，下部为第一混合布风室；旋风分离器的上部中间设置中心筒，旋风分离器底部浮置于渣盘上，渣盘与旋风分离器底部之间设置水密封，布风体设置于所述旋风分离器底部且位于渣盘上，渣盘与布风体下部之间设置成第二混合布风室，旋风分离器内腔下部与布风体以及布风体下方的第二混合布风室共同构成热解床气化炉；所述沉淀室上部设有斜向导流板，底部设置输送机；所述输送机与飞灰管道相连接；所述高温空气管道、蒸汽管道、氧气管道、飞灰管道与循环流化床气化炉下部的第一混合布风室相连通，所述高温空气管道、蒸汽管道、氧气管道与所述布风体下部设有的第二混合布风室相连通。
在一个进一步的实施例中，所述斜向导流板斜置于沉淀室内。
在一个进一步的实施例中，所述布风体为锥形。
在一个进一步的实施例中，所述旋风分离器的中心筒的顶部与所述沉淀室顶部之间通过煤气管道相连通。
根据本发明的另一个方面，本发明提供一种气化方法，其包括：a、原煤在循环流化床气化炉900℃-1200℃环境中进行初步燃烧流化气化，产生煤气、含碳飞灰和半焦，含碳飞灰和半焦随煤气送入旋风分离器；b、循环流化床气化炉内的煤气、含碳飞灰和半焦通过旋风分离器的上部进入旋风分离器，分离出来的半焦进入热解床气化炉，热解床气化炉底部通入气化剂，分离出来的半焦在热解床气化炉中燃烧以进一步热解气化；c、热解床气化炉产生的煤气、循环流化床气化炉产生的煤气以及含碳飞灰经旋风分离器的中心筒进入沉淀室，煤渣从热解床气化炉底部渣盘排出；d、含碳飞灰经沉淀室沉淀后，由输送机、飞灰管道送入循环流化床气化炉底部的第一混合布风室，随气化剂升温并进入循环流化床气化炉循环气化燃烧热解反应。
在一个进一步的实施例中，所述热解床气化炉底部通入的气化剂是空气和水蒸汽的混合气体，半焦在热解床气化炉内进行燃烧热解反应。
在一个进一步的实施例中，所述循环流化床气化炉底部通入的气化剂是空气、水蒸汽和氧气的混合气体，原煤在循环流化床气化炉内发生燃烧热解反应。
在一个进一步的实施例中，所述热解床气化炉底部通入的气化剂 是空气、水蒸汽和氧气的混合气体，半焦在热解床气化炉内发生燃烧热解反应。
根据本发明的再一个方面，本发明提供一种循环流化床与热解床复合式气化的装置，其包括：循环流化床气化炉，其包括向循环流化床气化炉输送原煤的输煤管道，循环流化床气化炉底部通入气化剂，所述原煤在循环流化床气化炉内沸腾燃烧热解产生的煤气、含碳飞灰和半焦；热解床气化炉，其上部通过煤气管道与循环流化床气化炉的上部连通，循环流化床气化炉内产生的煤气、含碳飞灰和半焦通过煤气管道进入热解床气化炉，半焦落入热解床气化炉底部，热解床气化炉底部通入气化剂，半焦在热解床气化炉中燃烧以进一步热解气化产生煤气，其上部设置有煤气出口，煤渣从热解床气化炉底部渣盘排出。
在一个进一步的实施例中，所述循环流化床气化炉上部为气化炉腔，中部设置布风器，下部为第一混合布风室，气化剂通入第一混合布风室；热解床气化炉的炉体的底部浮置于渣盘上，渣盘与热解床气化炉的炉体底部之间设置水密封，布风体设置于所述热解床气化炉的炉体的底部且位于渣盘上，渣盘与布风体下部之间设置成第二混合布风室，气化剂通入第二混合布风室。
在一个进一步的实施例中，所述装置还包括有：沉淀室、输送机、高温空气管道、蒸汽管道、氧气管道、飞灰管道，所述热解床气化炉顶部与所述沉淀室顶部之间通过煤气管道相连通；所述沉淀室上部设有斜向导流板，底部设置所述输送机；所述输送机与飞灰管道相连接；所述高温空气管道、蒸汽管道、氧气管道、飞灰管道与第一混合布风 室相连通，所述高温空气管道、蒸汽管道、氧气管道与第二混合布风室相连通。
本发明的设计理论是利用循环流化床气化炉气化过程中不产生焦油等污染物的原理和热解床气化炉气化效率高的原理，将二者协调设计在一个煤制气设备中，既不产生焦油等污染物，又能实现原煤制气的高转化率。本发明的有益效果是：原煤气化率高，气化过程中不产生焦油等污染物；适用于大、中、小各种气化量的设备，单位时间内产气量调节范围大。
附图说明
附图为本发明实施例的结构示意图，
图1为本发明中的循环流化床与热解床复合式气化的装置在第一个实施例中的结构示意图；
图2为本发明中的循环流化床与热解床复合式气化的装置在第二个实施例中的结构示意图；
附图中，1为煤斗、2为循环流化床气化炉、3为旋风分离器、4为沉淀室、5为输送机、6为高温空气管道、7为蒸汽管道、8为氧气管道、9为飞灰管道，201为布风器、202为第一混合布风室、301为锥形布风体、302为渣盘、303为第二混合布风室、401为斜向导流板，A为原煤、B为半焦、C为含碳飞灰、D为煤渣。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面 结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
如图1所示的，其为本发明提供了一种循环流化床与热解床复合式气化的装置的第一实施例，所述装置包括原煤料斗1、循环流化床气化炉2、旋风分离器3、沉淀室4、输送机5、高温空气管道6、蒸汽管道7、氧气管道8、飞灰管道9、渣盘302、锥形布风体301。所述原煤料斗1与所述循环流化床气化炉2之间通过输煤管道相连通，所述循环流化床气化炉2上部与旋风分离器3上部之间通过煤气管道相连通，所述旋风分离器3顶部与所述沉淀室4顶部之间通过煤气管道相连通，在图1所示的实施例中，所述旋风分离器3的中心筒的顶部与所述沉淀室4顶部之间通过煤气管道相连通。所述原煤料斗1中设置原煤A，所述循环流化床气化炉2上部为气化炉腔，中部设置布风器201，下部为第一混合布风室202。所述旋风分离器3内上部设有中心筒，底部浮置于渣盘302上，锥形布风体301设置于所述旋风分离器底部且位于渣盘302上部，渣盘302与旋风分离器3底部之间设置水密封，渣盘302与锥形布风体301下部之间设置成第二混合布风室303，旋风分离器3内腔下部与锥形布风体301以及锥形布风体301下方的第二混合布风室303共同构成热解床气化炉。其中所述锥形布风体301还可以是其他形状，比如半球形等。所述沉淀室4上部设有斜向导流板401，底部设置输送机5。所述输送机5与飞灰管道9相连接；所述高温空气管道6、蒸汽管道7、氧气管道8、飞灰管道9与循环流化床气化炉2下部设有的第一混合布风室202相连通，所述高温空气管道6、蒸汽管道7、氧气管道8与锥形布风体301下部 设有的第二混合布风室303相连通。
在循环流化床与热解床复合式气化的装置运行时，原煤A进入循环流化床气化炉2，在900℃-1200℃环境中进行初步燃烧热解气化，产生煤气、含碳飞灰C和半焦B，含碳飞灰C和半焦B随煤气送入旋风分离器3；热解床气化炉底部通入气化剂，煤气、含碳飞灰C和半焦B从装置上部进入旋风分离器2，半焦B在热解床气化炉中进一步燃烧热解气化；热解床气化炉产生的煤气、循环流化床气化炉产生的煤气和含碳飞灰C经旋风分离器2中心筒进入沉淀室4，煤渣从热解床气化炉底部渣盘302排出；煤气及含碳飞灰C经沉淀室4沉淀后，含碳飞灰由输送机5、飞灰管道9送入循环流化床气化炉2底部的第一混合布风室202，随气化剂进入循环流化床气化炉循环燃烧热解气化，并可补充循环流化床气化炉2内的热量。
如图2所示的，其为本发明提供了一种循环流化床与热解床复合式气化的装置的第二实施例。
如图2所示的，所述装置包括：循环流化床气化炉2和热解床气化炉11。所述循环流化床气化炉2包括向循环流化床气化炉输送原煤的输煤管道101和向循环流化床气化炉底部通入气化剂的气化剂通道102。所述原煤在循环流化床气化炉2内沸腾燃烧热解产生的煤气、含碳飞灰和半焦。热解床气化炉11的上部通过煤气管道与循环流化床气化炉2的上部连通。循环流化床气化炉2内产生的煤气、含碳飞灰和半焦通过煤气管道进入热解床气化炉11，半焦落入热解床气化炉11底部。热解床气化炉11底部通过气化剂通道111通入气化剂，半焦在 热解床气化炉11中燃烧以进一步热解气化产生煤气，其上部设置有煤气出口112，煤渣从热解床气化炉11底部渣盘排出。本发明的设计理论是利用循环流化床气化炉气化过程不产生焦油等污染物的原理和固定气化床气化效率高的原理，将二者协调设计在一个煤制气设备中，既不产生焦油等污染物，又能实现原煤制气的高转化率。本发明的有益效果是：原煤气化率高，气化过程不产生焦油等污染物；适用于大、中、小各种气化量的设备，单位时间内产气量调节范围大。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述循环流化床气化炉2上部为气化炉腔，中部设置布风器201，下部为第一混合布风室202，气化剂通入第一混合布风室202。热解床气化炉11的炉体113的底部浮置于渣盘302，渣盘302与热解床气化炉的炉体113底部之间设置水密封，布风体301设置于所述热解床气化炉111的炉体113的底部且位于渣盘302上，渣盘302与布风体301下部之间设置成第二混合布风室303，气化剂通入第二混合布风室303。在一个优选的实施例中，所述循环流化床气化炉2包括设置于上部的倾斜导流板114，该倾斜导流板114可以将通过煤气管道进入热解床气化炉11的煤气、含碳飞灰和半焦引导向下，使得半焦更容易落入热解床气化炉11底部。
在一个更优选的实施例中，所述装置还包括有：沉淀室、输送机、高温空气管道、蒸汽管道、氧气管道、飞灰管道。所述热解床气化炉顶部与所述沉淀室顶部之间通过煤气管道相连通。所述沉淀室上部设有斜向导流板，底部设置所述输送机；所述输送机与飞灰管道相连接；所述高温空气管道、蒸汽管道、氧气管道、飞灰管道与第一混合布风 室202相连通，所述高温空气管道、蒸汽管道、氧气管道与第二混合布风室303相连通。
上述说明已经充分揭露了本发明的具体实施方式。需要指出的是，熟悉该领域的技术人员对本发明的具体实施方式所做的任何改动均不脱离本发明的权利要求书的范围。相应地，本发明的权利要求的范围也并不仅仅局限于所述具体实施方式。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种循环流化床与热解床复合式气化的装置，其包括：循环流化床气化炉、旋风分离器、沉淀室、输送机、高温空气管道、蒸汽管道、氧气管道、飞灰管道、渣盘、布风体，其特征在于：
    原煤通过输煤管道进入所述循环流化床气化炉，所述循环流化床气化炉上部与旋风分离器上部之间通过煤气管道相连通，所述旋风分离器顶部与所述沉淀室顶部之间通过煤气管道相连通；
    所述循环流化床气化炉上部为气化炉腔，中部设置布风器，下部为第一混合布风室；旋风分离器的上部中间设置中心筒，旋风分离器底部浮置于渣盘上，渣盘与旋风分离器底部之间设置水密封，布风体设置于所述旋风分离器底部且位于渣盘上，渣盘与布风体下部之间设置成第二混合布风室，旋风分离器内腔下部与布风体以及布风体下方的第二混合布风室共同构成热解床气化炉；所述沉淀室上部设有斜向导流板，底部设置输送机；所述输送机与飞灰管道相连接；
    所述高温空气管道、蒸汽管道、氧气管道、飞灰管道与循环流化床气化炉下部的第一混合布风室相连通，所述高温空气管道、蒸汽管道、氧气管道与所述布风体下部设有的第二混合布风室相连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的循环流化床与热解床复合式气化的装置，其特征在于：所述斜向导流板斜置于沉淀室内。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的循环流化床与热解床复合式气化的装置，其特征在于：所述布风体为锥形。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的循环流化床与热解床复合式气化的装置，其特征在于，所述旋风分离器的中心筒的顶部与所述沉淀室顶部之间通过煤气管道相连通。
  5. 一种如权利要求1所述的装置的气化方法，其包括：
    a、原煤在循环流化床气化炉900℃-1200℃环境中进行初步燃烧流化气化，产生煤气、含碳飞灰和半焦，含碳飞灰和半焦随煤气送入旋风分离器；
    b、循环流化床气化炉内的煤气、含碳飞灰和半焦通过旋风分离器的上部进入旋风分离器，分离出来的半焦进入热解床气化炉，热解床气化炉底部通入气化剂，分离出来的半焦在热解床气化炉中燃烧以进一步热解气化；
    c、热解床气化炉产生的煤气、循环流化床气化炉产生的煤气以及含碳飞灰经旋风分离器的中心筒进入沉淀室，煤渣从热解床气化炉底部渣盘排出；
    d、含碳飞灰经沉淀室沉淀后，由输送机、飞灰管道送入循环流化床气化炉底部的第一混合布风室，随气化剂升温并进入循环流化床气化炉循环气化燃烧。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的循环流化床与热解床复合式气化的方法，其特征在于：所述热解床气化炉底部通入的气化剂是空气和水蒸汽的混合气体，半焦在热解床气化炉内进行燃烧热解反应。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的循环流化床与热解床复合式气化的方法，其特征在于：所述循环流化床气化炉底部通入的气化剂是空气、水蒸汽和氧气的混合气体，原煤在循环流化床气化炉内发生燃烧热解反应。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的一种循环流化床与热解床复合式气化的方法，其特征在于：所述热解床气化炉底部通入的气化剂是空气、水蒸汽和氧气的混合气体，半焦在热解床气化炉内发生燃烧热解反应。
  9. 一种循环流化床与热解床复合式气化的装置，其包括：
    循环流化床气化炉，其包括向循环流化床气化炉输送原煤的输煤管道，循环流化床气化炉底部通入气化剂，所述原煤在循环流化床气化炉内沸腾燃烧热解产生的煤气、含碳飞灰和半焦；
    热解床气化炉，其上部通过煤气管道与循环流化床气化炉的上部连通，循环流化床气化炉内产生的煤气、含碳飞灰和半焦通过煤气管道进入热解床气化炉，半焦落入热解床气化炉底部，热解床气化炉底部通入气化剂，半焦在热解床气化炉中燃烧以进一步热解气化产生煤气，其上部设置有煤气出口，煤渣从热解床气化炉底部渣盘排出。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的循环流化床与热解床复合式气化的装置，其特征在于：所述循环流化床气化炉上部为气化炉腔，中部设置布风器，下部为第一混合布风室，气化剂通入第一混合布风室；
    热解床气化炉的炉体的底部浮置于渣盘上，渣盘与热解床气化炉的炉体底部之间设置水密封，布风体设置于所述热解床气化炉的炉体的底部且位于渣盘上，渣盘与布风体下部之间设置成第二混合布风室，气化剂通入第二混合布风室。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的循环流化床与热解床复合式气化的装置，其特征在于：其还包括有：沉淀室、输送机、高温空气管道、蒸汽管道、氧气管道、飞灰管道，
    所述热解床气化炉顶部与所述沉淀室顶部之间通过煤气管道相连通；
    所述沉淀室上部设有斜向导流板，底部设置所述输送机；所述输送机与飞灰管道相连接；
    所述高温空气管道、蒸汽管道、氧气管道、飞灰管道与第一混合布风室相连通，所述高温空气管道、蒸汽管道、氧气管道与第二混合布风室相连通。
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