WO2018129773A1 - 一种高锝酸根吸附剂及其合成方法与在处理放射性废水中的应用 - Google Patents

一种高锝酸根吸附剂及其合成方法与在处理放射性废水中的应用 Download PDF

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WO2018129773A1
WO2018129773A1 PCT/CN2017/073013 CN2017073013W WO2018129773A1 WO 2018129773 A1 WO2018129773 A1 WO 2018129773A1 CN 2017073013 W CN2017073013 W CN 2017073013W WO 2018129773 A1 WO2018129773 A1 WO 2018129773A1
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adsorbent
perrhenate
water
organic solvent
synthesizing
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French (fr)
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肖成梁
王殳凹
盛道鹏
朱琳
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苏州大学张家港工业技术研究院
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/22Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
    • B01J20/223Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material containing metals, e.g. organo-metallic compounds, coordination complexes
    • B01J20/226Coordination polymers, e.g. metal-organic frameworks [MOF], zeolitic imidazolate frameworks [ZIF]
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/285Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using synthetic organic sorbents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/006Radioactive compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of radioactive wastewater treatment, and particularly relates to a perrhenate adsorbent, a synthesis method thereof and the application thereof in treating wastewater containing perrhenate.
  • the radionuclide technetium-99 is a long-lived fission product with a half-life of 2.13x10 5 years and has a long-term potential environmental hazard.
  • strontium-99 is mainly present in the form of a highly sulphate anion TcO 4 - which is extremely water-soluble and extremely stable.
  • TcO 4 highly sulphate anion
  • the materials that were first used to remove TcO 4 - are natural minerals, such as oxide or hydroxide minerals (A1 2 0 3 and Fe 2 0 3 , etc.), since they rely on surface reactive groups for TcO 4 The affinity of the separation is achieved, so its adsorption capacity is limited. Reduction of TcO 4 - by reduction of mineral materials with reducing power is considered to be a promising approach.
  • Magnetite and zero-valent iron can reduce Tc0 4 - to Tc0 2 (H 2 0) n , while galena, pyrite and pyrrhotite can reduce the seven-valent yttrium to tetravalent, A Tc 2 S 7 precipitate is formed, so that a higher adsorption partition coefficient can be obtained, up to 1000 mL/g or more.
  • the tetravalent ⁇ Tc0 2 (H 2 0) n precipitate can be converted into soluble TcO 4 under exposure to oxidizing conditions, and can form a combination with organic substances containing amino, carboxyl or hydroxy functional groups in the environment under reducing conditions.
  • Soluble complexes limit the use of reducing mineral materials in environmental TcO 4 -contaminant removal.
  • Porous carbon materials activated carbon and ordered mesoporous carbon
  • the polymer resin is generally a porous spherical particle of several hundred micrometers, which is not only easy to modify selective functional groups, but also can be applied to extraction chromatography experiments. Suitable for large-scale applications. Bond et al. synthesized ABEC resin to remove radioactive Tc0 4 - and I - .
  • Alexandmtos and Gu et al. developed a bifunctional anion exchange resin, which introduces a long-chain alkyl quaternary ammonium salt into a strong base anion resin to increase the affinity for TcO 4 - Ability, even for low concentrations of TcO 4 - has a good ability to remove.
  • the resins have been commercialized under the designation P Ur olite A532E and Purolite A530E.
  • the synthesis cycle of ion exchange resins is relatively long, requiring the use of more toxic organic reagents and strong acids and bases, and is not too stable under extreme conditions (oxidation, irradiation and mechanical stress) (J.
  • Inorganic cationic framework materials are believed to be the most effective strategy for removing anions from the environment.
  • Layered bimetallic hydroxides (hydrotalcite/hydrotalcite-like) are a class of traditional two-dimensional cationic framework materials, the most common being magnesium-aluminum hydrotalcite.
  • the divalent metal ions on the layer can be isomorphously substituted by trivalent metal ions within a certain range, so that the laminate is positively charged, and the free anion of the equilibrium charge between the layers can be exchanged with the anionic contaminants in the solution, but It is easily affected by carbon dioxide in the air and carbonate in the aqueous solution, and has low exchange efficiency and poor selectivity for TcO 4-.
  • Wang et al. designed and synthesized a porous inorganic cation skeleton structure of lanthanum borate NDTB-1, which can selectively extract TcO 4 from radioactive wastewater.
  • the NDTB-1 cationic framework material contains antimony, and as a radioactive substance, radiation protection needs to be considered in practical large-scale applications, which increases the use cost and safety risk.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a perrhenate adsorbent and a synthesis method thereof; the perrhenate adsorbent of the present invention has a porous three-dimensional infinitely extended structure, and the pore contains free nitrate, which can be effectively exchanged. High citrate to efficiently treat radioactive wastewater.
  • a synthetic method of a perrhenate adsorbent comprises the following steps: using silver nitrate and tetrakis[4-(1-imidazolyl)phenyl]methane (tipm) as a raw material, using an organic solvent and water as a medium for hydrothermal reaction; after the reaction is finished, washing and filtering The reaction solution is dried, and the obtained filter cake is dried as a perrhenate adsorbent.
  • the organic solvent is preferably acetonitrile, and the ligand can be dissolved well.
  • the volume ratio of the organic solvent to water is from 1 to 5, preferably 2, on the one hand, the ligand is preferably dissolved, and on the other hand, the boiling point is adjusted.
  • the hydrothermal reaction temperature is 80 to 140 ° C, and the daytime is 2 to 7 days; the preferred hydrothermal reaction temperature is 90 ° C, and the daytime is 4 days, and a better particle size can be obtained. Single crystal.
  • the hydrothermal reaction ⁇ the heating rate is 2 ° C / h; after the end of the reaction, the temperature is reduced to 1.25 ° C / h cooling rate to room temperature and then washed; slowly warming, slow cooling, can be obtained Good grain size single crystal
  • the reaction liquid is washed with an organic solvent and water, and the organic solvent for washing is preferably the same as the organic solvent as a medium, for example, both are acetonitrile, and the washing effect can be increased; After drying for 12 hours in an oven at 50 ° C, a perrhenate adsorbent was obtained.
  • the molecular formula is [Ag 2 (tipm)]. 2N0 3 .1.5H 2 0; the perrhenate adsorbent of the invention has a porous three-dimensional infinitely extended structure, and the pore contains free nitrate, which can effectively exchange perrhenate. Thereby efficient treatment of radioactive wastewater.
  • the invention therefore further discloses the use of the above-described perrhenate adsorbent for the treatment of radioactive waste water; in particular for the treatment of wastewater containing perrhenate.
  • the solid-liquid ratio of the adsorbent to the wastewater is 0.8 ⁇ 1.2g/L.
  • the treatment time is 10 to 15 hours, preferably 12 hours.
  • the invention preferably stirs 12 small crucibles, and with a reasonable solid-liquid ratio, the removal rate of perrhenate in the perrhenate wastewater is as high as 99.9%, and an unexpected technical effect is obtained.
  • the present invention also discloses a method for treating permethrin-containing wastewater by using the above adsorbent, comprising the steps of: introducing an adsorbent into the perrhenic acid-containing wastewater according to a solid-liquid ratio of 0.8 to 1.2 g/L, Stir for 10 to 15 hours; finally remove the adsorbent to complete the treatment of perrhenic acid-containing wastewater.
  • the ratio of the solid to liquid of the adsorbent and the perrhenate-containing wastewater is preferably 1 g/L, which can achieve a better removal effect.
  • the stirring between the crucibles is preferably 12 hours, and the excessive stirring between the crucibles may destroy the effect of adsorbing the perrhenate on the adsorbent, which is not conducive to water treatment; the invention preferably stirs 12 hours, and is reasonable.
  • the solid-liquid ratio, the removal rate of perrhenate in the perrhenate wastewater was as high as 99.7%, and an unexpected technical effect was obtained.
  • the adsorbent is removed by filtration to obtain the treated water body; the adsorbent with perrhenate can be regenerated, for example, washed with 5 M sodium nitrate solution, dried, and reused.
  • the first preparation of a perrhenate adsorbent is a type of porous three-dimensional cationic metal-organic framework material, the skeleton is positively charged, and the free nitrate ions in the pores can be It is exchanged with perrhenate in wastewater, so that it can effectively treat wastewater containing pertechnetate.
  • the adsorbent of the present invention is synthesized for the first time and used in the removal of perrhenate contaminants. Compared with the conventional adsorbent, the adsorbent maintains structural stability under different pH conditions, and the adsorption kinetics are fast and the adsorption capacity is fast. Higher, easy to regenerate, reusable, and cost effective.
  • the treatment of complex wastewater containing perrhenate is also very effective, that is, maintaining a high removal rate under the condition that other high concentrations of anions coexist, and an unexpected technical effect is obtained.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the crystal structure of a perrhenate adsorbent according to the present invention
  • Adsorption and regeneration Weigh 20 mg of the obtained adsorbent, add 20 mL of a water sample with a perrhenate concentration of 28 mg/L in ammonium perrhenate, and stir for 12 hours at 25 ° C to measure the perrhenate in the solution. The concentration was 84 g/L, and the removal rate of selenate in the water sample was calculated to be 99.7%.
  • the adsorbent was filtered, washed three times with 5 M sodium nitrate, washed with deionized water, and dried at 50 °C.
  • the perrhenate removal experiment was carried out at a solid-liquid ratio of lg/L according to the adsorption process, and the removal rate was 99.4%.
  • the mixture was washed three times with 5 M sodium nitrate, washed with deionized water, and dried at 50 ° C.
  • the perrhenate removal was carried out at a solid-liquid ratio of lg/L according to the adsorption process, and the removal rate was 99.5 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the crystal structure of a perrhenate adsorbent according to the present invention; it can be seen that the perrhenate adsorbent of the present invention has a porous three-dimensional infinitely extended structure, and the pores contain free nitrate, which can effectively exchange sorghum. Acidate to efficiently treat radioactive wastewater.
  • Fig. 2 is a graph showing the adsorption effect of the perrhenate adsorbent of the present invention. It can be seen from the figure that the adsorbent of the present invention can quickly remove the radioactive contaminant perrhenate, and it takes only about 20 minutes to balance the daytime.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)

Abstract

一种高锝酸根吸附剂及其合成方法与在处理放射性废水中的应用,包括以下步骤:以硝酸银和四[4-(1-咪唑基)苯基]甲烷为原料,以有机溶剂与水为介质,进行水热反应;反应结束后,洗涤、过滤反应液,得到的滤饼烘干即为高锝酸根吸附剂。高锝酸根吸附剂具有多孔三维无限延伸结构,孔隙内含有游离的硝酸根,可有效地交换高锝酸根,从而高效处理放射性废水。

Description

发明名称:一种高锝酸根吸附剂及其合成方法与在处理放射性废水 中的应用
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于放射性废水处理领域, 具体涉及一种高锝酸根吸附剂及其合成方法 与在处理含高锝酸根废水中的应用。
背景技术
[0002] 放射性核素锝 -99是一种长寿命裂变产物, 其半衰期为 2.13x10 5年, 具有长期的 潜在环境危害。 在核废料中锝 -99主要以水溶性极强, 稳定性极高的高锝酸根阴 离子 TcO 4-的形式存在。 目前应用最为广泛的核废料储放形式完全无法阻滞 TcO 4 , 而在乏燃料后处理工艺中锝又能以蒸汽压较高的 Tc 20 7存在, 因此锝 -99是核 废料中最易泄漏的放射性核素之一, 并且在自然环境中的迁移能力极强, 几乎 不受阻滞。 同吋还有多种大量过量的常见阴离子 (硝酸根、 氯离子等) 与高锝 酸根共存于放射性污染水体环境中, 因此选择性去除锝 -99在环境中的放射性污 染一直是环境放射化学领域中的未解难题。
[0003] 最早被用来去除 TcO 4 -的材料是天然矿物, 比如氧化物或氢氧化物矿物 (A1 20 3 和 Fe 20 3等), 由于其是依靠表面的活性基团对 TcO 4-的亲和力实现分离, 因此其 吸附容量有限。 通过具有还原能力的矿物材料还原去除 TcO 4 -被认为是较有前景 的方法。 磁铁矿和零价铁可将 Tc0 4-还原成 Tc0 2(H 20) n, 而方铅矿、 黄铁矿和 磁黄铁矿除了能将七价锝还原成四价外, 还能形成 Tc 2S 7沉淀, 因此可获得更高 的吸附分配系数, 高达 lOOO mL/g以上。 但是, 四价锝 Tc0 2(H 20) n沉淀在暴露在 氧化条件下又可转变为可溶性的 TcO 4 , 即便在还原条件下仍能与环境中含氨基 、 羧基或羟基官能团的有机质结合形成可溶性络合物, 限制了还原性矿物材料 在环境 TcO 4 -污染物去除中的应用。 多孔碳材料 (活性炭和有序介孔碳)具有成本 低、 比表面积大, 孔隙率高以及丰富功能基等优势, 可有效地去除 TcO 4 -, 分配 系数可达 10 2-10 4 m!Jg, 但是选择性并不是很理想。 高分子树脂一般为几百微米 的多孔球状颗粒, 不仅易于修饰选择性的功能基, 还能应用于萃取色谱实验, 适合大规模应用。 Bond等人合成了 ABEC树脂对放射性 Tc0 4 -和 I -进行去除。 为 了进一步提高 TcO 4 -选择性, Alexandmtos和 Gu等人幵发了一种双功能基阴离子 交换树脂, 即在强碱阴离子树脂中引入长链烷基季铵盐, 增加对 TcO 4-的亲和能 力, 即便对低浓度 TcO 4 - 也有较好的去除能力。 目前, 该树脂已商业化, 牌号为 PUrolite A532E和 Purolite A530E。 然而, 离子交换树脂的合成周期相对较长, 需要用到较多有毒有机试剂 和强酸强碱, 而且在极端条件 (氧化、 辐照和机械压力)下不是太稳定 (J.
Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 1986, 102(1): 247-268.) 。
[0004] 无机阳离子骨架材料被认为是去除环境中阴离子的最有效策略。 层状双金属氢 氧化物 (水滑石 /类水滑石) 是一类传统二维阳离子骨架材料, 最常见的为镁铝 水滑石。 位于层上的二价金属离子可在一定的范围内被三价金属离子同晶取代 , 使得层板带正电荷, 层间平衡电荷的游离阴离子可与溶液中的阴离子污染物 交换实现去除, 但其容易受空气中的二氧化碳及水溶液中的碳酸根影响, 对 TcO 4-的交换效率较低且选择性较差。 最近, Wang等人设计并合成出一种多孔无机 阳离子骨架结构的硼酸钍化合物 NDTB-1 , 能够选择性地从放射性废水中近乎完 全提取出 TcO 4
, 并在整个过程中保持高度的结构稳定性。 在美国汉福核电厂 (Hanford Site)所 幵展的热实验证实 NDTB-1能够将该厂址实际高放废液中的 TcO 4 -有效去除。 技术问题
[0005] 然而, NDTB-1阳离子骨架材料中含有钍, 作为放射性物质在实际大规模应用 中仍需考虑辐射防护, 增加了使用成本和安全风险。 综上, 设计高效选择去除 T cO 4 -的稳定阳离子骨架材料仍十分有必要。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0006] 本发明的目的之一是提供一种高锝酸根吸附剂及其合成方法; 本发明的高锝酸 根吸附剂具有多孔三维无限延伸结构, 孔隙内含有游离的硝酸根, 可有效地交 换高锝酸根, 从而高效处理放射性废水。
[0007] 为实现上述目的, 本发明采用的技术方案如下, 一种高锝酸根吸附剂的合成方 法, 包括以下步骤: 以硝酸银和四 [4-(1-咪唑基)苯基]甲烷 (tipm) 为原料, 以有 机溶剂与水为介质, 进行水热反应; 反应结束后, 洗涤、 过滤反应液, 得到的 滤饼烘干即为高锝酸根吸附剂。
[0008] 上述技术方案中, 有机溶剂优选乙腈, 能够较好地将配体溶解。
[0009] 上述技术方案中, 有机溶剂与水的体积比例为 1~5, 优选 2, 一方面较好地溶解 配体, 另一方面调节沸点。
[0010] 上述技术方案中, 水热反应温度为 80〜140°C, 吋间为 2〜7天; 优选的水热反 应温度为 90°C, 吋间为 4天, 可以获得较好粒度的单晶。
[0011] 上述技术方案中, 水热反应吋, 升温速率为 2 °C/h; 反应结束后, 以 1.25 °C/h的 降温速率降温到室温再洗涤; 缓慢升温、 缓慢降温, 可以获得较好粒度的单晶
[0012] 上述技术方案中, 按摩尔比, AgN0 3/四 [4-(1-咪唑基)苯基]甲烷 =1〜5, 优选的 比例为 2, 能够获得较好的晶型。
[0013] 上述技术方案中, 将硝酸银和四 [4-(1-咪唑基)苯基]甲烷溶解在有机溶剂中, 然 后加入水; 可以增加原料之间的混合均匀性, 有利于反应完全进行。
[0014] 上述技术方案中, 反应结束后, 用有机溶剂和水洗涤反应液, 洗涤用有机溶剂 优选与作为介质的有机溶剂一致, 比如都为乙腈, 可以增加洗涤效果; 过滤后 的滤饼在 50°C烘箱中干燥 12小吋, 获得高锝酸根吸附剂。
[0015] 本发明还公幵了根据上述合成方法合成的高锝酸根吸附剂, 其为晶体结构, 晶 体参数为 a=15.784(3)人、 b=15.784(3)人、 c=31.144(5)人、 α=β=γ=90。
, 分子式为 [Ag 2(tipm)].2N0 3.1.5H 20; 本发明的高锝酸根吸附剂具有多孔三维 无限延伸结构, 孔隙内含有游离的硝酸根, 可有效地交换高锝酸根, 从而高效 处理放射性废水。 因此本发明进一步公幵了上述高锝酸根吸附剂在处理放射性 废水中的应用; 尤其是在处理含高锝酸根废水中的应用。
[0016] 上述技术方案中, 在处理放射性废水吋, 吸附剂与废水的固液比为 0.8〜1.2g/L
, 优选 l g/L, 可以达到较好的去除效果。
[0017] 上述技术方案中, 在处理放射性废水吋, 处理吋间为 10〜15小吋, 优选 12小吋
, 过长的搅拌吋间可能破坏吸附剂吸附高锝酸根的效果, 反而不利于水处理; 本发明优选搅拌 12小吋, 配合合理的固液比, 高锝酸根废水中高锝酸根的去除 率高达 99.9%, 取得了意想不到的技术效果。
[0018] 本发明还公幵了一种采用上述吸附剂处理含高锝酸根废水的方法, 包括以下步 骤: 按照 0.8〜1.2 g/L的固液比向含高锝酸根废水中投入吸附剂, 搅拌 10〜15小 吋; 最后去除吸附剂, 完成含高锝酸根废水的处理。
[0019] 上述技术方案中, 吸附剂与含高锝酸根废水的固液比优选为 l g/L, 可以达到较 好的去除效果。
[0020] 上述技术方案中, 搅拌吋间优选为 12小吋, 过长的搅拌吋间可能破坏吸附剂吸 附高锝酸根的效果, 反而不利于水处理; 本发明优选搅拌 12小吋, 配合合理的 固液比, 高锝酸根废水中高锝酸根的去除率高达 99.7%, 取得了意想不到的技术 效果。
[0021] 上述技术方案中, 采用过滤的方式去除吸附剂, 从而得到处理后的水体; 带有 高锝酸根的吸附剂可以再生, 比如利用 5 M硝酸钠溶液洗涤, 干燥, 重复利用。 发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0022] 本发明的优点是毋庸置疑的, 本发明首次制备了一种高锝酸根吸附剂, 是一类 多孔三维阳离子金属-有机骨架材料, 骨架带正电, 孔隙内游离的硝酸根离子可 与废水中高锝酸根发生交换, 从而可有效地处理含高锝酸根废水。 本发明公幵 的吸附剂是首次被合成并应用在高锝酸根污染物的去除, 相比传统的吸附剂, 该吸附剂在不同 pH条件下均保持结构稳定, 吸附动力学较快且吸附容量更高, 容易再生, 可重复利用, 节省成本。 另外, 对于含高锝酸根的复杂废水的处理 也非常有效, 即在有其它高浓度阴离子共存的条件下依然保持较高的去除率, 取得了意想不到的技术效果。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0023] 图 1为本发明高锝酸根吸附剂晶体结构示意图;
[0024] 图 2为本发明高锝酸根吸附剂的吸附效果图。 本发明的实施方式
[0025] 下面结合具体实施例来进一步阐述本发明。 应理解, 这些实施例仅用于说明本 发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。 此外应理解, 在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之 后, 本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改, 这些等价形式同样落于 本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
[0026] 实施例一
[0027] 在烧杯中将 0.34克硝酸银和 0.29克四 [4-(1-咪唑基)苯基]甲烷溶解在 20毫升乙腈 中, 然后加入 20毫升水; 放入 100毫升水热反应釜中, 以 2 °C/h的速率升温到 90°C , 保持反应 4天, 然后以 1.25 °C/h速率降温到室温。 用乙腈和水洗涤, 过滤, 50 °C烘箱干燥 12小吋, 获得高锝酸根吸附剂, 产率 60%。
[0028] 实施例二
[0029] 在烧杯中将 0.68克硝酸银和 0.29克四 [4-(1-咪唑基)苯基]甲烷溶解在 20毫升乙腈 中, 然后加入 20毫升水; 放入 100毫升水热反应釜中, 以 2 °C/h的速率升温到 90°C , 保持反应 4天, 然后以 1.25 °C/h速率降温到室温。 用乙腈和水洗涤, 过滤, 50 °C烘箱干燥 12小吋, 获得高锝酸根吸附剂, 产率 54%。
[0030] 实施例三
[0031] 在烧杯中将 1.36克硝酸银和 0.29克四 [4-(1-咪唑基)苯基]甲烷溶解在 20毫升乙腈 中, 然后加入 20毫升水; 放入 100毫升水热反应釜中, 以 2 °C/h的速率升温到 90°C , 保持反应 4天, 然后以 1.25 °C/h速率降温到室温。 用乙腈和水洗涤, 过滤, 50 °C烘箱干燥 12小吋, 获得高锝酸根吸附剂, 产率 38%。
[0032] 实施例四
[0033] 在烧杯中将 0.34克硝酸银和 0.29克四 [4-(1-咪唑基)苯基]甲烷溶解在 30毫升乙腈 中, 然后加入 20毫升水; 放入 100毫升水热反应釜中, 以 2 °C/h的速率升温到 90°C , 保持反应 4天, 然后以 1.25 °C/h速率降温到室温。 用乙腈和水洗涤, 过滤, 50 °C烘箱干燥 12小吋, 获得高锝酸根吸附剂, 产率 68%。
[0034] 实施例五
[0035] 在烧杯中将 0.34克硝酸银和 0.29克四 [4-(1-咪唑基)苯基]甲烷溶解在 40毫升乙腈 中, 然后加入 20毫升水; 放入 100毫升水热反应釜中, 以 2°C/h的速率升温到 90°C , 保持反应 4天, 然后以 1.25 °C/h速率降温到室温。 用乙腈和水洗涤, 过滤, 50 °C烘箱干燥 12小吋, 获得高锝酸根吸附剂, 产率 80%。
[0036] 实施例六
[0037] 在烧杯中将 0.34克硝酸银和 0.29克四 [4-(1-咪唑基)苯基]甲烷溶解在 40毫升乙腈 中, 然后加入 10毫升水; 放入 100毫升水热反应釜中, 以 2 °C/h的速率升温到 90°C , 保持反应 4天, 然后以 1.25 °C/h速率降温到室温。 用乙腈和水洗涤, 过滤, 50 °C烘箱干燥 12小吋, 获得高锝酸根吸附剂, 产率 60%。
[0038] 实施例七
[0039] 在烧杯中将 0.34克硝酸银和 0.29克四 [4-(1-咪唑基)苯基]甲烷溶解在 20毫升乙腈 中, 然后加入 20毫升水; 放入 100毫升水热反应釜中, 以 2 °C/h的速率升温到 120 °C, 保持反应 4天, 然后以 1.25
°C/h速率降温到室温。 用乙腈和水洗涤, 过滤, 50 °C烘箱干燥 12小吋, 获得高锝 酸根吸附剂, 产率 74%。
[0040] 实施例八
[0041] 在烧杯中将 0.34克硝酸银和 0.29克四 [4-(1-咪唑基)苯基]甲烷溶解在 20毫升乙腈 中, 然后加入 20毫升水; 放入 100毫升水热反应釜中, 以 2 °C/h的速率升温到 140 °C, 保持反应 4天, 然后以 1.25
°C/h速率降温到室温。 用乙腈和水洗涤, 过滤, 50 °C烘箱干燥 12小吋, 获得高锝 酸根吸附剂, 产率 64%。
[0042] 实施例八
[0043] 在烧杯中将 0.34克硝酸银和 0.29克四 [4-(1-咪唑基)苯基]甲烷溶解在 20毫升乙腈 中, 然后加入 20毫升水; 放入 100毫升水热反应釜中, 以 2 °C/h的速率升温到 90°C , 保持反应 2天, 然后以 1.25 °C/h速率降温到室温。 用乙腈和水洗涤, 过滤, 50 °C烘箱干燥 12小吋, 获得高锝酸根吸附剂, 产率 58%。
[0044] 实施例九
[0045] 在烧杯中将 0.34克硝酸银和 0.29克四 [4-(1-咪唑基)苯基]甲烷溶解在 20毫升乙腈 中, 然后加入 20毫升水; 放入 100毫升水热反应釜中, 以 2 °C/h的速率升温到 90°C , 保持反应 7天, 然后以 1.25 °C/h速率降温到室温。 用乙腈和水洗涤, 过滤, 50 °C烘箱干燥 12小吋, 获得高锝酸根吸附剂, 产率 35%。
[0046] 实施例十
[0047] 称取制得的吸附剂 20 mg, 加入 20 mL用高锝酸铵配置的高锝酸根浓度为 28 mg/L的水样中, 于 25°C搅拌 12小吋, 测得溶液中高锝酸根的浓度为 84 g/L, 计 算该吸附剂对水样中硒酸根的去除率为 99.7%。
[0048] 实施例十一
[0049] 称取制得的吸附剂 20 mg, 加入 20 mL用高锝酸铵配置的高锝酸根浓度为 28 mg/L的水样中, 加入 28 mg/L硝酸钠, 于 25°C搅拌 12小吋, 测得溶液中高锝酸根 的浓度为 0.28 mg/L, 计算该吸附剂对水样中硒酸根的去除率为 99.0%。
[0050] 实施例十二
[0051] 称取制得的吸附剂 20 mg, 加入 20 mL用高锝酸铵配置的高锝酸根浓度为 28 mg/L的水样中, 加入 280 mg/L硝酸钠, 于 25°C搅拌 12小吋, 测得溶液中高锝酸 根的浓度为 1.20 mg/L, 计算该吸附剂对水样中硒酸根的去除率为 95.7%。
[0052] 实施例十三
[0053] 吸附和再生。 称取制得的吸附剂 20 mg, 加入 20 mL用高锝酸铵配置的高锝酸根 浓度为 28 mg/L的水样中, 于 25°C搅拌 12小吋, 测得溶液中高锝酸根的浓度为 84 g/L, 计算该吸附剂对水样中硒酸根的去除率为 99.7%。 将吸附剂过滤, 用 5M 硝酸钠洗涤浸泡三次, 去离子水清洗, 50°C干燥。 再按照吸附的流程以 lg/L的固 液比进行高锝酸根去除实验, 去除率为 99.4%。 再用 5M硝酸钠洗涤浸泡三次, 去离子水清洗, 50°C干燥, 按照吸附的流程以 lg/L的固液比进行高锝酸根去除, 去除率为 99.5<¾。
[0054] 实施例十四
[0055] 称取制得的吸附剂 20 mg, 加入 16 mL用高锝酸铵配置的高锝酸根浓度为 28 mg/L的水样中, 于 25°C搅拌 12小吋, 测得溶液中高锝酸根的浓度为 84 g/L, 计 算该吸附剂对水样中硒酸根的去除率为 99.7%。
[0056] 实施例十五
[0057] 称取制得的吸附剂 20 mg, 加入 24 mL用高锝酸铵配置的高锝酸根浓度为 28 mg/L的水样中, 于 25°C搅拌 12小吋, 测得溶液中高锝酸根的浓度为 84 g/L, 计 算该吸附剂对水样中硒酸根的去除率为 99.7%。
[0058] 实施例十六
[0059] 称取制得的吸附剂 20 mg, 加入 20 mL用高锝酸铵配置的高锝酸根浓度为 28 mg/L的水样中, 于 25°C搅拌 10小吋, 测得溶液中高锝酸根的浓度为 84 g/L, 计 算该吸附剂对水样中硒酸根的去除率为 99.7%。
[0060] 实施例十七
[0061] 称取制得的吸附剂 20 mg, 加入 20 mL用高锝酸铵配置的高锝酸根浓度为 28 mg/L的水样中, 加入 28 mg/L硝酸钠, 于 25°C搅拌 15小吋, 测得溶液中高锝酸根 的浓度为 84 g/L, 计算该吸附剂对水样中硒酸根的去除率为 99.7%。
[0062] 图 1为本发明高锝酸根吸附剂晶体结构示意图; 可以看出, 本发明的高锝酸根 吸附剂具有多孔三维无限延伸结构, 孔隙内含有游离的硝酸根, 可有效地交换 高锝酸根, 从而高效处理放射性废水。 图 2为本发明高锝酸根吸附剂的吸附效果 图, 从图中可以看出本发明中的吸附剂可快速去除放射性污染物高锝酸根, 平 衡吋间只需要 20分钟左右。

Claims

权利要求书
一种高锝酸根吸附剂的合成方法, 包括以下步骤: 以硝酸银和四 [4-(1 -咪唑基)苯基]甲烷为原料, 以有机溶剂与水为介质, 进行水热反应; 反应结束后, 洗涤、 过滤反应液, 得到的滤饼烘干即为高锝酸根吸附 剂。
根据权利要求 1所述高锝酸根吸附剂的合成方法, 其特征在于: 有机 溶剂为乙腈; 有机溶剂与水的体积比为 (1〜5) :1; 硝酸银和四 [4-(1- 咪唑基)苯基]甲烷的摩尔比为 (1〜5) :1。
根据权利要求 2所述高锝酸根吸附剂的合成方法, 其特征在于: 有机 溶剂为乙腈; 有机溶剂与水的体积比为 2:1 ; 硝酸银和四 [4-(1-咪唑基) 苯基]甲烷的摩尔比为 1:2。
根据权利要求 1所述高锝酸根吸附剂的合成方法, 其特征在于: 水热 反应温度为 80〜140°C, 吋间为 2〜7天。
根据权利要求 1所述高锝酸根吸附剂的合成方法, 其特征在于: 将硝 酸银和四 [4-(1-咪唑基)苯基]甲烷溶解在有机溶剂中, 然后加入水; 反 应结束后, 用有机溶剂和水洗涤反应液; 滤饼烘干条件为在 50°C烘箱 中干燥 12小吋。
根据权利要求 1所述高锝酸根吸附剂的合成方法, 其特征在于: 水热 反应吋, 升温速率为 2 °C/h; 反应结束后, 以 1.25 °C/h的降温速率降 温到室温再洗涤。
根据权利要求 1〜6所述任意一种高锝酸根吸附剂的合成方法合成的高 锝酸根吸附剂。
权利要求 7所述高锝酸根吸附剂在处理放射性废水中的应用。
根据权利要求 8所述的应用, 其特征在于: 在处理放射性废水吋, 高 锝酸根吸附剂与废水的固液比为 0.8〜1.2g/L; 处理吋间为 10〜15小吋
[权利要求 10] 一种采用权利要求 7所述吸附剂处理含高锝酸根废水的方法, 包括以 下步骤: 按照 0.8〜1.2 g/L的固液比向含高锝酸根废水中投入吸附剂 , 搅拌 10〜15小吋; 最后去除吸附剂, 完成含高锝酸根废水的处理。
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